Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rwanda. (2008 February 19)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rwanda. (2008 February 19)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rwanda. (2008 February 19)"

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HELLER, KEVIN JON. "What Happens to the Acquitted?" Leiden Journal of International Law 21, no. 3 (September 2008): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156508005232.

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AbstractAccording to the ICTR, Emmanuel Bagambiki is an innocent man. The trial chamber and the Appeals Chamber have each unanimously acquitted the former Prefect of Cyangugu of crimes relating to Rwanda's horrific 1994 genocide. And on 19 July 2007 Bagambiki was reunited with his wife in children in Belgium, having been granted asylum a few days earlier. It is tempting to conclude that justice has been done in Bagambiki's case. That conclusion, however, would be too facile: Bagambiki was acquitted in February 2006, nearly 18 months before his family reunion. In the interim he lived in a safe house in Arusha paid for by the United Nations, wanted by Rwanda for trial on related charges and unable to convince Belgium that he posed no danger to its peace and security. Bagambiki, moreover, is one of the lucky ones: the nightmare of being free but having nowhere to go continues for two of his acquitted roommates in the safe house, Andre Ntagerura and Andre Rwamakuba, Rwanda's Minister of Transport and former Minister of Education respectively. Bagambiki's ordeal and Rwamakuba and Ntagerura's ongoing plight illustrate one of the basic problems facing international criminal tribunals: what to do with the acquitted. An acquitted defendant normally has two options: return to his country of origin, or find a third country that will grant him asylum. Both options, however, have been problematic for defendants acquitted by the ICTR and are likely to prove equally problematic for defendants who may be acquitted in the future by the ICC. This short essay explains why – and identifies what the international community should do about it.
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DeWitt, H. Langley, Jimmy Gasore, Maheswar Rupakheti, Katherine E. Potter, Ronald G. Prinn, Jean de Dieu Ndikubwimana, Julius Nkusi, and Bonfils Safari. "Seasonal and diurnal variability in O<sub>3</sub>, black carbon, and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 2063–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2063-2019.

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Abstract. Air pollution is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in a gap in the scientific understanding of emissions, atmospheric processes, and impacts of air pollutants in this region. The Rwanda Climate Observatory, a joint partnership between MIT and the government of Rwanda, has been measuring ambient concentrations of key long-lived greenhouse gases and the short-lived climate-forcing pollutants CO2, CO, CH4, black carbon (BC), and O3 with state-of-the-art instruments on the summit of Mt. Mugogo (1.586∘ S, 29.566∘ E; 2590 m above sea level) since May 2015. Rwanda is a small, mountainous, and densely populated country in equatorial East Africa, currently undergoing rapid development but still at less than 20 % urbanization. Black carbon concentrations during Rwanda's two dry seasons (December–January–February, DJF, and June–July–August, JJA), which coincide with the two regional biomass burning seasons, are higher at Mt. Mugogo than in major European cities with daily values (24 h) during the dry season of around 5 µg m−3 (daily average concentrations ranging from less than 0.1 to over 17 µg m−3 for the entire measurement period). BC baseline concentrations during biomass burning seasons are loosely correlated with fire radiative power data for the region acquired with a MODIS satellite instrument. The position and meteorology of Rwanda is such that the emissions transported from both the northern and southern African biomass burning seasons affect BC, CO, and O3 concentrations in Rwanda. Spectral aerosol absorption measured with a dual-spot Aethalometer varies seasonally due to changes in types of fuel burned and the direction of pollution transport to the site. Ozone concentrations peaked during Rwanda's dry seasons (daily measured maximum of 70 ppbv). The understanding and quantification of the percent contributions of regional and local (beyond large-scale biomass) emissions is essential to guide policy in the region. During the rainy seasons, local emitting activities (e.g., cooking, transportation, trash burning) remain steady, regional biomass burning is low, and transport distances are shorter as rainout of pollution occurs regularly. Thus, local pollution at Mugogo can be estimated during this time period and was found to account for up to 35 % of annual average BC measured. Our measurements indicate that air pollution is a current and growing problem in equatorial East Africa.
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Mugeni, Regine, Charles Ruranga, Elias Mutezimana, Aurore Nishimwe, Joseph Nzabanita, Emmanuel Masabo, Viviane Akili, et al. "Assessing factors associated with compliance to preventive measures of COVID-19 in Rwanda: a cross-sectional community survey." BMJ Open 14, no. 7 (July 2024): e078610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078610.

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ObjectiveTo assess the level of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and compliance-associated factors in the Rwanda community.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsCountry-wide community survey in Rwanda.Participants4763 participants were randomly sampled following the sampling frame used for the recent Rwanda Demographic Health Survey. Participants were aged between 22 years and 94 years.OutcomesThe participants’ compliance with three preventive measures (wearing a face mask, washing hands and social distancing) was the main outcome.MethodsFrom 14 February 2022 to 27 February 2022, a cross-sectional survey using telephone calls was conducted. Study questionnaires included different questions such as participants’ demographics and compliance with COVID-19 preventives measures. Verbal consent was obtained from each participant. The compliance on three main preventive measures (wearing a mask, washing hands and social distancing) were the main outcomes. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with compliance (age, gender, level of education, socioeconomic status).ResultsCompliance with the three primary preventive measures (washing hands 98%, wearing a mask 97% and observing social distance 98%) was at a rate of 95%. The respondents’ mean age was 46±11 SD (range 22–98) years. In addition, 69% were female and 86% had attended primary education. Bivariate and regression analyses indicated a significant association among the three primary preventive measures (p<0.05). The results showed factors associated significantly between the different models (p<0.05): proper mask use and social distancing in the hand washing model; hand washing, social distancing, avoiding handshakes and not attending gatherings in the proper mask use model; hand washing and avoiding handshakes in the social distancing model.ConclusionCompliance with the three key preventive measures against COVID-19 was high in the Rwandan community and these measures were interdependent. Therefore, the importance of all three measures should be emphasised for effective disease control.
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Chelkowski, Peter. "In Memoriam Professor Ann K. S. Lambton (8 February 1912–19 July 2008)." Iranian Studies 42, no. 1 (February 2009): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210860802594005.

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Riedel, David J., Kristen A. Stafford, Peter Memiah, Modupe Coker, Cyprien Baribwira, Jackson Sebeza, Eva Karorero, Sabin Nsanzimana, Fernando Morales, and Robert R. Redfield. "Patient-level outcomes and virologic suppression rates in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 9 (April 5, 2018): 861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418761695.

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The Rwanda national HIV program has been successful at scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) to achieve universal access. The AIDSRelief Model of Care focuses on four key principles: (1) earlier initiation of ART; (2) use of durable, highly-potent, and sequence-friendly first-line ART regimens; (3) early detection of treatment failure; and (4) provision of community-based care and support to ensure optimal adherence and follow up/engagement in care. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of randomly-selected HIV-infected patients at AIDSRelief-supported sites using a stratified, random sample of 583 adults (>15 years) who initiated ART from 30 June 2008 to 1 February 2010. At ART initiation, the median patient age was 38 years, and 67% were female. The baseline median CD4+ cell count was 309 cells/mm3. Overall virologic suppression was 91%. Married/ever married status (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 3.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–10.78) and self-reported adherence ≥95% in the past month (aPOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.00–7.62) were significantly associated with viral suppression in the multivariable model. Excellent virologic outcomes were achieved in Rwandan AIDSRelief sites utilizing the AIDSRelief Model of Care during the scale-up of ART in the country.
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Kayumba, Ephrem, and Claude Rusibana. "Employee Turnover and Operational Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v7i5.990.

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Employee turnover was the movement through which an organization hired and missed its employees. This might be voluntary, involuntary, internal transfer, and retirement turnover. The objective of this study was to analyse the employee turnover and operational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, a case of KCB Bank Rwanda located in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. The specific objectives were to analyse the effect of employee compensation on operational performance, to determine the impact of employee overscheduling on operational performance, and to find out the impact of employee favouritism on the operational performance of KCB Bank Rwanda. This quantitative research used the descriptive research survey design with questionnaire as research instrument where 80 questionnaires were distributed to 80 employees by using both physical and digital approaches forms due to situations of COVID-19. The data collection took six months and consisted of 15 Microsoft forms, 40 physical forms, and 25 emails responses. The data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 through which the census method was applied, and the descriptive method was used to make the conclusion and has been applied to determine the reliability and validity at 0.8%. This research contributed to the management of employee turnover to improve operational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. It indicated that KCB Bank Rwanda recognized a considerable rate of employee turnover at a percentage of 46.5% since its creation in 2008 year to December 2020 where the low number of recruited employees compared to the number of employees who exited. This was caused by factors including poor employee compensation, employee overscheduling and employee favouritism. The study discovered that the research objectives were major causes of employee turnover that affected the operational performance of KCB Bank Rwanda at a percentage of 13.8%. Data analysis showed that compensation affected the bank’s operations at a percentage of 73.8% (see table 4.9.), overscheduling at 50.1% (see table 4.7), and favouritism at 56.3% (see table 4.8). The study discovered that the most concern of KCB Bank Rwanda was not the relevance of number of employees who left but the quality of those employee and the targets they had set during the set and submission of the annual balanced scorecard, which affects the operational performance review. The research recommended that the management should review the compensation policy to match the operational performance, reduce favouritism by approaching marginal employees, and reduce overscheduling by re-examining the job descriptions and visiting employee’s office to discover added and non-corresponding duties that attracted the employee turnover in the KCB Bank Rwanda.
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Marchant, Amanda, Menna Brown, Jonathan Scourfield, Keith Hawton, Louise Cleobury, Michael Dennis, Keith Lloyd, Jo McGregor, and Ann John. "A Content Analysis and Comparison of Two Peaks of Newspaper Reporting During a Suicide Cluster to Examine Implications for Imitation, Suggestion, and Prevention." Crisis 41, no. 5 (September 2020): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000655.

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Abstract. Background: During 2007–2008, media attention focused on a cluster of youth suicides in the UK. There were two peaks (P1, P2) in the volume of newspaper reporting of the deaths. The number of possible suicides was greater than expected at the time of the first peak but not at the time of the second. Aims: To explore any differences in the content of the reporting peaks and to consider implications for imitation and prevention. Method: A content analysis of two peaks of newspaper reporting was conducted. Results: There were 204 articles in P1 (December 27, 2007 to February 19, 2008) and 157 in P2 (February 20, 2008 to March 15, 2008). Four main themes were identified: individual stories; possible causes; features of reporting of the cluster; and educating and informing the public. P1 articles more frequently contained: explicit details of method; photographs of the deceased, and contained more characterization of individuals. Limitations: The focus was on print media, future studies should incorporate online and social media content. Conclusion: The findings provide some support for the hypothesis of a process of suggestion initiated by sensationalist reporting in P1. This contributes to the evidence base of the role of the press in suicide imitation and prevention, highlighting the importance of care when reporting suicides.
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Tálas, Péter. "Security in Central and Eastern Europe in a period of strategic shocks." Drustveni horizonti 3, no. 5 (2023): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/drushor2305025t.

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The study examines the security policy shocks and responses to these shocks in the countries and societies of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region, and how these shocks and responses have changed the relationship of CEE countries with the European Union since 2008. It interprets the financial and economic crisis of 2008, the illegal Russian annexation of Crimea and Russian support for separatism in Eastern Ukraine from 2014, the migration crisis of 2015, the Covid-19 epidemic and the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war in February 2022 as a security shock. It concludes that while CEE countries have improved their crisis management capacity, they often rely more on national solutions than on joint European crisis management actions.
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French multidisciplinary investigation team, Collective. "Identification of a rabid dog in France illegally introduced from Morocco." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 11 (March 13, 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.11.08066-en.

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On 26 February 2008, the National Reference Centre for Rabies at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, confirmed the diagnosis of rabies in a domestic dog living in Grandpuits, Seine-et-Marne district, a suburb of Paris. The dog was a nine-month-old mixed-breed female, named Cracotte (pictures available at http://www.invs.sante.fr/display/?doc=surveillance/rage/actu.htm). It developed its first symptoms on 15 February, had bitten its owner and one neighbour and had been euthanized on 19 February. The viral strain was identified by the National Reference Centre for Rabies as a strain belonging to Lyssavirus genotype 1, Africa 1 lineage, originating from Morocco. According to its owner, Cracotte had never been outside France. France has been declared officially rabies-free since 2001. An investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection and modes of transmission for Cracotte in order to identify potentially exposed individuals and animals and to carry out an assessment of the risk of rabies virus transmission in France.
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Vabishchevich, P. N. "Works of A.A. Samarskii on Computational Mathematics." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 9, no. 1 (2009): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2009-0002.

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Abstract This is a review of the main results in computational mathematics that were obtained by the eminent Russian mathematician Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (February 19, 1919 – February 11, 2008). His outstanding research output addresses all the main questions that arise in the construction and justification of algorithms for the numerical solution of problems from mathematical physics. The remarkable works of A.A. Samarskii include statements of the main principles re- quired in the construction of difference schemes, rigorous mathematical proofs of the stability and convergence of these schemes, and also investigations of their algorith- mic implementation. A.A. Samarskii and his collaborators constructed and applied in practical calculations a large number of algorithms for solving various problems from mathematical physics, including thermal physics, gas dynamics, magnetic gas dynam- ics, plasma physics, ecology and other important models from the natural sciences.
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Books on the topic "Rwanda. (2008 February 19)"

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United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush) and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, eds. Investment treaty with Rwanda: Message from the President of the United States transmitting Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Rwanda Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment, signed at Kigali on February 19, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Washington (State). Office of the Secretary of State., ed. Washington State 2008 presidential primary, February 19. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Secretary of State, 2008.

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Image Processing Conference (2008 San Diego, Calif.). Medical imaging 2008: Image processing : 17-19 February 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Reinhardt Joseph M, Pluim Josien P. W, SPIE (Society), American Association of Physicists in Medicine, and SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium (2008 : San Diego, Calif.). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Image Processing Conference (2008 San Diego, Calif.). Medical imaging 2008: Image processing : 17-19 February 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Reinhardt Joseph M, Pluim Josien P. W, SPIE (Society), American Association of Physicists in Medicine, and SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium (2008 : San Diego, Calif.). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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CAD Conference (2008 San Diego, Calif.). Medical imaging 2008, computer-aided diagnosis: 19-21 February 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Giger Maryellen Lissak 1956-, Karssemeijer Nico, SPIE (Society), and American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Clough, Anne V. Medical imaging 2008: Physiology, function, and structure from medical images : 17-19 February 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers and American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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United Nations. Division of Palestinian Rights., ed. United Nations Seminar on Assistance to the Palestinian People: Amman, 19 and 20 February 2008. New York: United Nations, Division of Palestinian Rights, 2008.

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C, Di Natale, ed. Sensors and microsystems: Proceedings of the 13th Italian conference : Roma, Italy, 19-21 February 2008. Singapore: World Scientific, 2009.

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Council of Europe. Parliamentary Assembly, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Parliamentary Assembly, and European Parliament, eds. International election observation mission, presidential election, Republic of Armenia, 19 February 2008: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions. Yerevan: OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, 2008.

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United States. Department of State, ed. Civil aviation: Safety : agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea; signed at Singapore, February 19, 2008. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rwanda. (2008 February 19)"

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"Current dietary patterns in the UK." In Oxford Handbook of Nutrition and Dietetics, edited by Joan Webster-Gandy, Angela Madden, and Michelle Holdsworth, 29–32. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199585823.003.0003.

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Current dietary patterns 30 Information on current dietary patterns in the UK is taken from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). NDNS is a rolling programme commissioned by PHE and FSA, and surveys people aged 1.5 years and older living in private households. Combined intakes in 2009 and 2011–2012 for adults aged 19–64 years (conducted between February 2008 and June 2009) and the 2000/01 survey are reported as appropriate....
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Picone, Luca, and Marta Sassella. "Implementation of the European Takeover Directive in Italy." In The European Take Over Directive And Its Implem E Ntati On, 407–66. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323214.003.0015.

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Abstract Directive 2004/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 21, 2004, on takeover bids (the Takeover Directive or the Directive) has been implemented in Italy. In Italy, public takeovers are governed by the: Legislative Decree no. 58 dated February 24, 1998 (the Consolidated Financial Act or the CFA), which has been recently amended and supplemented by the Legislative Decree no. 229 dated November 19, 2007, implementing in Italy the Takeover Directive with effect from December 28, 2007, and further amended by Legislative Decree no. 185 dated November 29, 2008; and Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa (CONSOB) regulation approved with resolution no. 11971 of May 14, 1999, as amended and supplemented from time to time by CONSOB (the Issuers’ Regulation). At the date of February 2009, the Issuers’ Regulation has not been amended yet, further to the implementation in Italy of the Takeover Directive.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rwanda. (2008 February 19)"

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van Zeller, C., H. Davidson, A. Houston, and A. Dunleavy. "P154 An 11-year retrospective review of non-tuberculous mycobacterium isolates in a South London teaching hospital, 2008–2019." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.299.

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Indratno, Haidar Rahmady. "THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CERTIFICATION ON CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS MARKET: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPANIES FROM INDONESIA AND THE NETHERLANDS." In 2024 SoRes Dubai –International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Social Sciences, 19-20 February. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.150151.

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This study explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) certification, product country of origin, and consumer acceptance in the Netherlands market, focusing on coffee beans. Rooted in Sen & Bhattacharya (2001) and Matten & Moon's (2008) insights, the research considers the moderating effect of the country of origin, drawing on Peterson & Jolibert's (1995) perspectives. By using a randomized detailed survey and a controlled experiment from 200 participants, the study examines the Netherlands market consumer perceptions of companies with high levels of CSR certification from a developed country, the Netherlands, and a developing country, Indonesia. Results confirm a positive correlation between a high level of CSR certification and consumer acceptance in the Netherlands. The influence of the Netherlands as the product's origin positively moderates this relationship. Surprisingly, products from Indonesia also show a positive impact, contrary to expectations. The findings stress the strategic role of CSR certification for firms in the Netherlands market, irrespective of origin. However, caution is advised due to limitations, including potential bias and a small sample size. In conclusion, this research contributes nuanced insights for businesses navigating global markets, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of CSR's impact on consumer acceptance.
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Khidasheli, Mirza. "Looming Sovereign Debt Crisis – What’s Wrong with State-Regulated Economics." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.4.

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On January 19, 2023, the United States hit its debt ceiling, leading to a debt-ceiling crisis. US sovereign debt, for decades, was considered a risk-free investment, but the 2023 US debt ceiling crisis shocked the financial world. The COVID-19 pandemic has hung a heavy burden on public finances. Quarantined economic activity heavily affected state budget revenues all over the world. Before the Covid-19 crisis, there was the 2008 financial crisis with its famous outcomes, when economic stimulus was provided including state budget programs financed by sovereign debts. It was still pandemic circumstances when on 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in an escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In less than 20 years period the world has had three global-scale crises, but the deterioration social-economic picture is far less dramatic than it will be without state interventions. Nothing is free, it is an obvious and well-known economic axiom, so if the costs of these crises are not on the surface, it means that the problem is hidden somewhere and postponed in time. In a simplified picture we see that states' actions in the field of public finance aren’t rational. When revenues are decreasing, from a household point of view it is normal to turn on some austerity mode and live with less luxury, but different approaches are taken by the states when GDP growth and tax revenues are decreasing. The bright examples of these we saw during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. From an economic point of view, loans couldn’t be a source of prosperity. Moreover, sovereign credit puts on long-run burden on the real economy. Money is considered a sign of wealth and prosperity, but actually, in the fractional reserve banking system, it is not the same. For the creation of debt money in the modern credit system, we don’t need savings, we can create it simply from “thin air”. So, an increased volume of money and debt in the economy doesn’t mean prosperity, it means more burden on future generations and the economy at all. The real economy has to pay these debts in the long run future and there it will negatively affect welfare and prosperity. More Fiat money doesn’t create prosperity, prosperity is a result of economic growth and savings. Printing money without proportional economic growth or creating debt money without adequate savings, only exacerbates allocation of resources and wealth. So, money multiplier is not about wealth creation it’s about wealth allocations. Empirical pieces of evidence from the current century showed us that, a crisis is a signal, it is a communication instrument that should be considered correctly and with some scrutiny examinations about its origins and foundations. Tactical solutions can't give strategic outcomes. When empirical evidence shows that instruments used by the state to extinguish crises create much more scaled ones, it’s time for rethinking and structural reforms.
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Reports on the topic "Rwanda. (2008 February 19)"

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Devenport, W., R. A. Burdisso, H. Camargo, E. Crede, M. Remillieux, M. Rasnick, and P. Van Seeters. Aeroacoustic Testing of Wind Turbine Airfoils: February 20, 2004 - February 19, 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981272.

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