Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rwandais'
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Kimonyo, Jean-Paul. "Rwanda, un génocide populaire /." Paris : Karthala, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41248111n.
Full textKapalata, Kwibe Bruno Wakana. "Pratiques évaluatives des enseignants rwandais du secondaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30536/30536.pdf.
Full textAjroud, Boutheina. "Les enfants dans les conflits yougoslaves et rwandais." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA111015.
Full textMbala, John Francis. "Un "Nazisme tropical" : le génocide des Rwandais tutsi." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0056.
Full text"Never again!" Does this slogan that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War following the Holocaust still hold true with regard to the inability of the international community to prevent a drama, including a genocide, at the end of the 20th century? Indeed, despite the Convention of December 9, 1948 on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide between April 6 and June 1994, more than 800,000 Tutsi were horribly massacred for the simple fact of being born Tutsis during a civil war. This aspect, among others, opens a conversation on the comparative approach during which the Jews were victims of Nazism, Hitler having reproached them for being born Jewish. However, can we compare genocides? What exactly is genocide? What is the difference between a crime against humanity and genocide? Trying to respond to the question, into which theoretical framework the Rwandan Tutsi genocide fits, in regards to preceeding genocides and beyond the certain "dogma of the Holocaust's uniqueness. " Because of the Rwandan genocide, for more than a decade the African Great Lakes' régional disequilibrium contributes to a redistribution of the cards on the geopolitical map at the price of grave violations of human rights in countries such as the Democratie Republic of the Congo
Niyodusenga, Jean-Marie V. "Education, intégration des enfants rwandais traumatisés par la guerre." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20037.
Full textIn Rwandan society, the child is a treasure to be protected. But those who survived the genocide and massacres of 1994 present post traumatic troubles which are stopping them from following a normal school education. The current situation in Ruanda brings to mind the neuroses occasioned by war, which Louis Crocp calls post traumatic stress syndrome. The DSM-III defines post traumatic stress syndrome as the reliving of the traumatic event, reduction of contact with the exterior world, and a variety of neurovegetative, dysphoric and cognitive symptoms. The survey carried out amongst the parents, the “teachers” and children confirms that the post traumatic stress syndrome is closely linked to the war in 1994, and shows the degree of psychological damage caused by the war especially in the children and the young people of 8-20 years. In this situation, education is one of the principal tools for reintegrating the victims of these dramas. The aim of education is to help children to reorganise their defences, and to rebuild their self esteem in order to get over the traumatism and reconstruct an identity bruised by the genocide. Faced with the psychological suffering of the children, we turned to the use of storytelling as the educational and therapeutic medium. Storytelling has had positive effects on the children who are in the CENA in Kigali. The effects have shown themselves by the willingness of the children to recount their past through traditional Rwandan stories and stories which they made up ; for some this is the beginning of mourning and for others a way of increasing their resilience. It has enabled them to make a step towards psychosocial integration. Analysis of the grid for self esteem show convincingly that story telling has helped to reduce the children's suffering by increasing their self esteem ; so it is worthwhile getting children to work at storytelling so that they can distance themselves from the genocide and project themselves into the future
Amelot, Xavier. "La dynamique des systèmes ruraux rwandais : approche cartographique d'une crise." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30003.
Full textStarting from the middle of the 1980's rwanda, considered until then as a "model of development", was faced with a generalised crisis. This was a complex crisis, implicating a rural country, that was revealed by a multiplicity of symptoms. This crisis was the expression of a profund dysfunction of a complex interaction system made of social, political, economical an environmental factors, namely the rural system. The remarkable demographic growth, that has taken place in rwanda since 50 years, constitutes, indeed, the principal motive of evolution of the system, but does not explain everithing the regional approach shows that the most critical situations are not necessarily found in the most densely populated areas. These local disparities are in part due to the inequality of environmental ressources. But they are mainly the resultant of differenciated strategies adopted to face the historical evolution of the social, economical and political context. We have shown by an historical approach that the rwandan rural systems were the product of a continuing process made of a succession of phases of progression and hindrance. Rural household strategies, based on a complementary and diversified production system, appear to be the most efficient in ensuring their survival in a situation of crisis. But these nutritional selfsufficiency and social relationship strategies are shortterm strategies whose future is incertain in a context of strong demographic expansion
Gasengayire, Monique. "Analyse du discours médiatique et le genocide Rwandais, Kangura et RTLM." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65621.pdf.
Full textSoumaré, Zakaria. "La représentation littéraire négro-africaine francophone du génocide rwandais de 1994." Limoges, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIMO2012.
Full textRudacogora, Augustin. "Fictions, témoignages et autres genres littéraires du génocide dans le champ littéraire rwandais après 1994." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131026.
Full textFictions, testimonies and the other literary genres of the genocide in the Rwandan literary field after 1994 " is a diachronic study of the Rwandan literary field on a period of 10 years (1994-2004). It aims essentially over the literary works of fiction and the testimonies related to the genocide committed from April to July 1994 against the Tutsi of Rwanda. The first part is a description of the literary field and an approach anthology of the targeted period. The second is an analysis of the links between the fiction and the genocide from thematic and sociocriticism points of view. The last part studies the testimonies, the poems of remembrance and memorial sites scriptural end social speech aspects
Straus, Scott. "The order of genocide : race, power, and war in Rwanda /." Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411342467.
Full textZobel, Thierry. "Les retombées du génocide rwandais : analyse géopolitique de l'instabilité perpétuelle du Nord-Kivu." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080029.
Full textTwenty years after the Rwanda genocide, the fallout from this tragedy is still leaving a profound mark on North Kivu. Since 1994, this province has continued to suffer from the repercussions in a region where community rivalry was already close to flashpoint. In fact, the region has become a condensed representation of regional geopolitics where all the players in the crisis are the heirs of the Rwanda genocide. A geopolitical study of the region, with in-depth research focussing on the northern province running mainly from 1990 to 2007, offers an analysis of the period during which local conflict worsened and took on a national bias before expanding onto a regional level with the involvement of foreign national players. The causes of perpetual instability in North Kivu are multifaceted – the riches in its subsoil combined with world demand for mineral raw materials explains the causal relationship between the unlawful exploitation of mining resources and continued warfare, namely that war is a continuation of the economy by other means. It has also been marked by the non-existence or even inconsistency of the Congo State, the extremely high density of population in this region, porous colonial frontiers, the exacerbation of ethnic tension and the pressure of land scarcity and the profusion of armed militia opposing a powerless United Nations. But the regional aims of Rwanda remain central to the instability in North Kivu. Kigali has been able to fully take advantage of and exploit the guilt of the international community for not reacting at the time of the genocide. This feeling of impunity due to “credit for the genocide” is notably made possible by the goodwill of the international community and support from the “friends of the New Rwanda”, starting with the United States. Rwanda has always claimed a threat from ex-FAR troops and Interahamwe militia to justify its direct or indirect presence in the field. Nonetheless, the FDLR (Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda) nowadays seem far from representing an actual threat to Rwanda but still remain an easy pretext to justify the interference of their troops in North Kivu. The direct consequence of permanent destabilisation of the province is ultimately the establishment of a form of “shared sovereignty” that has given Rwanda the possibility – directly up to 2002 and then indirectly up to the present time – to take full advantage of the “slice of the pie” represented by this territory
Beck, Lise. "Contexte de paupérisation et mortalité des enfants en milieu rural rwandais (1980-1994)." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H005.
Full textSince the ninety-eighties, Rwanda has had to face an agro-economical crisis in addition to the world economical crisis, due to the country's territory being satured because of the very strong demographic pressure on its land. Nevertheless, the study of child mortality during the period of agro-economical crisis has shown that more poverty has not prevented mortality amongst the under fives from progressing favorably : Infant mortality has remained relatively stable owing to the fact that breastfeeding has widely contributed to reducing the risks of contamination through food, risks which go with the insecurity ineherent to these crisis. But the persistence of infant mortality at a very high rate may be explained by the large number of deaths due to the conditions at childbirth and antenatal care which globally, has no impact on the children's survival, also when the pregancies and child births take place within medical structures. As for as juvenile mortality is concerned, it strongly decreased during this period of crisis mainly because of the rise of vaccination, particularly against measles, but also because of a longer period of breastfeeding which has stabilised malnutrition
Ukelo, Catherine. "Les prémices du génocide rwandais : Crise sociétale et baisse de la cohésion sociale." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1557.
Full textOnce terror induced by crime resulting from genocide has faded, one can depict this crime as a slow growing process. Genocide is embedded in conditions particularly difficult on a social, economical as well as political level. It ends a slow growing process, where its instigators bring fear and suspicion from a particular group in the local population. This particular group will become its victims. Hence, instigators strive to loose the existing bonds between the local population, which features a majority of people, and the group that will be victimized. Taking the example of Rwanda, this study shows how a given situation ends up in the declining of social cohesion. Concentrating on the years 1990 to 1991, this study demonstrates how the “October war” started in 1990 is used by a group close to political power as a threshold. This group, fearing to loose its prerogatives as well as a source of income, targets the Tutsi population, disparaging it continually, what will progressively create a distance between Hutu and Tutsi. This distance ends in the massacres of the genocide, in 1994, to which a large amount of Hutu citizens take part. This study does not analyze the situation from the point of the instigators. It investigates rather the average citizens and how they socially related before and after the outbreak of the “October war”. It demonstrates that the destruction of social cohesion – how Sémelin asserts – occurs not after, but before the onset of the genocide
Sebuhoro, Célestin. "Quête de l'identité chez l'adolescent rwandais rescapé du génocide: approche développementale et différentielle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210928.
Full textAmougou, Ndi Stéphane. "La représentation littéraire de la brutalité : le génocide rwandais dans quelques romans africains francophones." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5038.
Full textThis dissertation takes a new approach to the brutality of the Rwandan genocide through some French-speaking African novels. These novels are a (re)presentation of the cruel Rwandan History. They adopt the forms of a distorted, tortured landscape and try to breathe life into a decrepit world. The first part deals with the context before, during and after the genocide. The observation of the socio-political and economic context has revealed a connection between this fatal conflict and the problematic links of History and memory. The essence of the reports conforms to the fragility and the limits of the ethnic groups' obsessions for identity. Beyond the physical and psychological damage, the texts have foreseen devastating effects on the future generations. The second part of the dissertation is an exploration of the narrative strategies which expose the brutality of this genocide. For a clearer rendering of this apocalyptic world, all the texts show a heterogeneous writing style and a serial-type structure. In this respect, the broad effects of the symbolism of the titles and the tensions that followed in the transmission of the massacres have appeared. Furthermore, the polyphony of the intrigues and their hybrid composition has forcefully invoked the contradictions of the Rwandan society. The text analyses have brought out characters marked by violence and fear in a universe which keeps up confusion. Studying the representation of the brutality of the Rwandan genocide has permitted identifying power as the main responsible for this catastrophe
Dusingizemungu, Jean-Pierre. "Etude de la dévalorisation des repères identitaires chez les jeunes rwandais : approche de reconstruction par l'école." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20025.
Full textThe study is based on historical reality of Rwanda. This country experienced a genocide and a large-scale massacres in 1994. Those events followed up a long time maintained identical crisis. Actually, the identical evolution of rwandan young people is done in a context of absence of marks (human, social, family, cultural) satisfying. The genocide and massacres destroyed the supports of identification. There was a turnover of the social organisation and the young people are sent back to themselves. Such a situation induces a regression towards modalities of life redefined around the vital functions. To withdraw themselves from this regression, the yong people dash into a premature "adultisation" which is dangerous as far as they tend to isolate themselves in front of trauma. The steady main idea is that it is possible to use the school space to avoid the dead end of these young people confronted with precarious aspect of the family, social and cultural protections. The school is considered as a medium which can contain, homogenise and establish new reassuringvalues. This school is very invested in current Rwanda by the civil society and the gouvernmental authorities. It misses however resources as well material as human to answer the missions of identical reconstruction that it has to realise. To face this situation, operational recommendations are formulated. These last ones in the direction will incite the psychologiacl discipline to be present and active at Rwandan school to enable him to be a useful transitional space
Ntagara, Venant. "Savoirs scolaires scientifiques et raisonnement chez les élèves rwandais de l'enseignement secondaire : approche sociocognitive et langagière." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083210.
Full textThis thesis is born on the impulsion of a statement: in Rwanda, the students suffer from heavily setback and missive failures in the scientific ground. Rwanda is a country where modern school came in and brought in writing, a century ago, in linking with the catholic missionaries settlement. This thesis brings to the fore the difficulties which a young one, studying scientific knowledge’s, has to cope with; all the more this student belongs to the oral tradition culture with slight literacy production. On account of the researches done by CIRCEFT-ESCOL team, the thesis is showing both the reasoning and the references ground which a Rwanda student of secondary school backs up to explain a scientific phenomenon, with the actual capacities to put something down in writing. This thesis puts on displays the possible linking between the cultural oral character and the fact to be able to compile writing about the scientific knowledge's of a student. It also displays the possible relation between the traditional cosmological cultural world in Rwanda, and the scientific data (that are) taught in school. Considering this double relation, the thesis puts aside either determinist or defective conclusions ; it offers Rwanda an educational didacticism of sciences, which takes into account the traditional culture of the students. This educational system put the practical exercise of writing in the very centre of the learning of sciences. This method will allow the Rwanda students to mater and control the scientific knowledge’s, to practise reasoning, critical mind and reflexive memory. Moreover, this pedagogical method will favour the way from traditional understandings to scientific knowledge’s
Munyabagisha, François. "La problématique de création de P.M.E. manufacturières en contexte rwandais de rareté des ressources : étude exploratoire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5704/1/000589306.pdf.
Full textMouzer, Frédérique. "Les relations entre le gouvernement intérimaire rwandais et la communauté internationale (8 avril-18 juillet 1994)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH23.
Full textAn analysis of relations between the interim government of Rwanda and the international community during the genocide of 1994 demonstrates how political, even geopolitical, factors were given priority over strictly judicial and humanitarian considerations by the UN and the third-party states most implicated in this crisis (Belgium, France, the USA). The progressive marginalisation of the interim government on the international scene, at the time when it was soliciting external help to put a stop to the massacres, did not see a reinforcement of staff or of the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), which nonetheless constituted the principal demand of the Rwandan authorities to the Security Council.This disengagement on the part of the international community happened to the detriment of the security and protection of the civil population under threat. At the same time the criminalisation of this government contributed to the endorsement of a military outcome to the conflict ; the outcome desired by the rebellion of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), contravening the Arusha Accords signed in 1993. The presumption of guilt attached to the government camp subsequently had a strong impact on international justice, as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) had failed in its mission of judging all the perpetrators of crimes committed in 1994, and of favorising national reconciliation, due to its lack of impartiality and independence as much at the level of investigation and prosecution as at the level of the delivery of the judgments and their enactment
Gatera, Manasse. "La démocratisation de l'enseignement rwandais: essai d'interprétation et analyse des principaux facteurs caractéristiques de son évolution." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212286.
Full textNshimiyimana, Jean Damascene. "Être enfant d’une survivante et d’un auteur du génocide : la résilience des enfants rwandais nés du viol." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080027.
Full textResults of this thesis, which had as objectives analyzing the resilience of Rwandan children born from rape perpetrated during the genocide and scrutinizing protective and risk factors involved, show that those children have a low level of resilience as proven by their average at the resilience scale of wagnild and young; girls have a higher score of resilience than boys; participants with secondary education scored higher than children who only attended primary school and ones who never went to school; children who remained where the mother's rape was perpetrated have a higher score than those who have moved away from that place; and the score of children grouped in an association is significantly higher than the one of children without association. The participants have benefited from few protective factors, very few family and environmental protective factors, while they enjoy many individual protective factors; they faced a relatively small number of risk factors, a small number of individual risk factors, and a large number of family and environmental risk factors. The most mentioned problems by participants are abortion attempts, infanticide attempts, abandonment, rejection, hatred, neglect, abuse, stigma, shame, guilt and poverty; and coping strategies such as early maturity, familio-centrifugal attitudes, self-inhibition, humor, prayers, opposition, drug abuse, relational segregation, prostitution and the grouping in associations have been set up
Uwanyiligira, Espérance. "La souffrance psychologique des Rwandais survivants du génocide et des massacres : pour une théorie locale du traumatisme." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA083718.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to study the psychological problems presented by Rwandese survivors of the genocides and massacres which have occurred in Rwanda since 1994. We first briefly present Rwanda through a critical account of the specificities and contradictions linked to population settlement and the hutu-tutsi conflicts. We describe Rwanda rites connected with death and highlight their importance for peace of the living. We inventory the events of 1994 and present a few proposition towards repair. We evaluate the impact of trauma suffered by Rwandese living either in France (in and around Paris) or in Kenya (in and around Nairobi). We highlight the peculiarities of Rwandan culture. In this way, we hope to contribute to scientific research by elaborating a local theory of trauma in parallel with the general "Occidental" theory. In the clinical part of this research, which consists of psychological help sessions with Rwandese families living in France, we resort to the clinical resources of ethnopsychiatry. To us it appears necessary, in order to understand and help traumatized Rwandese people, to lean on historical, socio-demographical, anthropological and political notions in the earnest search of a meaning for the recent events. Individual psychotherapy in such a population is not only inadequate, but can even lead to worsening the trauma. The ambition of this research is to end up constructing an intervention tool to be used by all those who wish to bring some help to the Rwandese
Royer, Arnaud. "De l'exil au pouvoir, le destin croisé des réfugiés burundais et rwandais dans la région des Grands Lacs africains depuis 1959." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010533.
Full textNyegue, Frederic. "De l'exclusion au génocide : la question du trauma de l'altérité, a propos des rescapés du génocide rwandais de 1994." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2007.
Full textKorman, Remy. "Commémorer sur les ruines. L'État rwandais face à la mort de masse dans l'après-coup du génocide (1994-2003)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0135.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the politics of memory of the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda during the transition period (1994-2003). Its objective is to understand how the new Rwandan authorities have narrated the Tutsi genocide on a national scale in collaboration with political, institutional, religious and NGOs. These multiple memory initiatives emerged in a context of an unfinished civil war and the absence of a judicial process. The research is mainly based on public Rwandan archives (ministerial, parliamentary, political), private archives, the Rwandan and international press, as well as interviews conducted with twenty-five “memory entrepreneurs” (politicians, civil servants, academics, intellectuals, leaders of survivors' organisations). Archives and interviews have made it possible to carefully examine the political and material conditions in which this "first memory of the genocide" was instituted by the Rwandan state, with a specific focus on the processes of investigation and writing of history in Rwanda as well as the debates on the heritagization of the massacre sites. The history of the politics of memory is finally put into perspective over the long term through a study of memory policies carried out in Rwanda since independence in 1962 as well as over the short term, with a study of the evolution of the politics of genocide memory since 2003
Tuvuzimpundu, Joséphine. "Dans la tourmente rwandaise : étude lexico-sémantique du discours de la radiotélévision libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), [octobre 1193-juillet 1994]." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30041.
Full textThis study is sustained by the perspective of a discourse sociolinguistic analysis carried out by RTLM between October 1993 and July 1994. In the context of the lexicological and lexico-semantic method, it brings together diversified behaviour patterns associated with words in the relationship with extra linguistic elements, i. E. With the historical linguistic and social outside –text. It also uses the enunciation theory to find out the journalists’ imprint in the speech. The first task consisted in outlining the sociohistorical configuration in order to try to design both the socio-political and sociocultural framework likely to be conductive to the production of the RTLM discourse that we set out to analyse. Secondly we have shown that in the use to which it puts personal pronouns, RTLM takes it for granted that its message is only meant for itself and people who are sensitive to the cause that it is defending. This logic results in a permanent bipolarisation whereby one distinguishes the bad RPF facing the good MRND, which leads to the demonization of RPF, in other words of the Tutsi who are excluded from the Rwandan community. This is all the truer since, as we have demonstrated in the third and last part, words such as power, democracy, governance, etc. Are not part of the same semantic field as the word Tutsi or the acronym FPR to which it is associated. Identified as the ‘‘enemy’’, the Tutsi person can only expect to be sanctioned. The discourse inoculates the germs of the negation of the other by denying him all humanity. RTLM therefore uses an image sustained by the verb work (gukora) which, when used figuratively, carries within it the urge to kill the ‘‘inyenzi’’. Maybe that is the essential objective of the RTLM message
Asso, Annick. "Le théâtre du génocide : étude des représentations de la Shoah et des génocides arménien, rwandais et bosniaque dans le théâtre de l’après-guerre à nos jours." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10081.
Full textOšlejšková, Eva. "Les représentations de la transmission intergénérationnelle chez les parents ayant vécu le génocide au Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31906.
Full textThe recent history of humanity is marked by organized violence in the territory of Rwanda which has reached the extent of genocide in 1994. These events have left deep impacts in the trajectories of individuals, families and society as a whole. In order to approach the experience of violence and its consequences, the concept of trauma is often used in clinical psychology. Several research studies show its intergenerational effects and transmission based on data collected from offspring’s perspective. This qualitative study aims to explore the parental perspective. We explore the representation of genocide experiences and intergenerational transmission in Rwandan parents living in the region of Quebec. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents and the verbatim reports were analyzed. The link between individual history and collective history is central to the expression of emotional and relational experiences. The events of the genocide are represented as a source of suffering but also as a source of knowledge. There is a major change in the representation of the "other" that has become a figure capable of extreme violence and indifference. The genocide and its effects are referred to as unspeakable and associated with a feeling of strangeness. Kinyarwanda language is used by the participants in an attempt to name the genocide and its effects. The act of transmission, as well as the act of "non-transmission", are particularly important for "parents-survivors" who search to maintain continuity on three levels (narcissistic, filiation and affiliation) that have been threatened by the genocide. Intergenerational transmission mechanisms are guided by cultural rules, the parent-witness' position and their capacity of mentalization. Silence helps to restore and transmit codes of conduct and prohibition. The objects of transmission are linked to the cultural imaginary, especially through the position of the ancestor, rituals of death and the code of revenge and honor.
De, Becker Laura. "Remembering Rwanda : the commemoration of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda's national museums and memorials." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554241.
Full textALVES, ANA CRISTINA ARAUJO. "TALES ABOUT RWANDA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVES ABOUT THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE OF 1994." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7152@1.
Full textA partir de uma abordagem pós-moderna/pós-estruturalista em Relações Internacionais, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise crítica de algumas narrativas sobre o genocídio ruandês de 1994. Nosso objetivo é desvelar as suposições de verdade implícitas nesses discursos; mostrar como essas suposições contradizem e questionam o caráter político/histórico declarado dessas narrativas; e discutir as implicações dessas suposições para a prática, no que diz respeito às políticas de pacificação e de resolução de conflitos. Apesar de considerarem o genocídio como um evento político e afirmarem o caráter cambiante dos termos Tutsi e Hutu na história, as principais narrativas correntes sobre o genocídio ruandês são despolizantes, essencialistas e a-históricas. Isso se deve à sua concepção moderna de história, à metafísica da subjetividade moderna que lhes subjaze e à sua noção de política em termos de poder e Estado. Por sua vez, esses traços se refletem na prática por meio de um tratamento aético, apolítico e irresponsável em relação à alteridade. Além disso, a intervenção humanitária baseada no princípio do Estado-territorial-soberano tem seu leque de opções políticas restrito pela compartimentalização dicursivo/territorial expressa nas dicotomias soberania/intervenção, guerra civil/genocídio, doméstico/externo. Nossa conclusão é de que essas conseqüências devem ser resistidas em termos, por um lado, da rearticulação radical entre subjetividade, responsabilidade e ética proposta por Emmanuel Levinas e, por outro lado, da formulação de uma nova relação entre os conceitos de fronteira, responsabilidade e intervenção humanitária, como esboçada por Michel Foucault.
Drawing on a post-modern/post-structuralist approach on International Relations, this dissertation presents a critical analysis of some of the narratives about the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Our objective is to reveal the truth assumptions implicit in these discourses; to show how these assumptions contradict and challenge the political/historical character declared in these narratives; and to discuss the implication of these assumptions for practice, in what regards politics of pacification and conflict resolution. Although the narratives under analysis consider the genocide as a political event and affirm the changing character of the terms Tutsi and Hutu in history, they are depoliticizing, essentialist, and ahistorical. This is due to their modern conception of history, to the modern metaphysic of subjectivity that underlies them, and to their notion of politics in terms of power and state. This is reflected in practice through the a-ethical, apolitical and irresponsible treatment towards alterity. Besides, the humanitarian intervention based on the principle of sovereignterritorial- state has its range of political options restricted by the discursive/territorial compartmentalization expressed in the dichotomies sovereignty/intervention, civil war/genocide, domestic/external. Our conclusion is that these consequences must be resisted in terms of, on the one hand, the radical rearticulation of subjectivity, responsibility and ethics proposed by Emmanuel Levinas and, on the other hand, a rearticulation of the concepts of boundary, responsibility and humanitarian intervention, as sketched by Michel Foucault.
Bart, Jean-François. "La Paysannerie rwandaise." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376116114.
Full textJolobe, Zwelethu. "The social-revolutionary process as a cause of genocide in Rwanda : a critical interpretation on the causes of Rwanda's 1994 genocide." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3785.
Full textNkaka, Raphaël. "L'emprise d'une logique raciale sur la société Rwandaise, 1894-1994." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010548.
Full textThe identification of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa of Rwanda as races had conducted to racial interpretations of those identities, since the end of 19th century. A racist propaganda during the postcolonial period conducted to genocide against Tutsi in 1994
Dusabe, Francis. "Rwanda’s responses to money laundering." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4404.
Full textIn 20 the years after the genocide that afflicted Rwanda, the country has made considerable progress towards developing human resources in the public sector. It has kick-started its economy and improved sectors such as public health and education. There is still a need to attract direct foreign investment to boost the economy even further. However, Rwanda needs to take precautionary measures to ensure that it does not fall prey to economic criminality which will impede its economic progress. The fact of the matter is that young transitional democracies are prone to attract economic delinquents who take advantage of loopholes in the law to advance their criminal goals. This is particularly so in a country such as Rwanda, where the government has to prioritise other pressing needs that must be addressed. This paper assesses the extent to which Rwanda is prepared to deal with the menace of money laundering, a threat that may well stunt its ambitions to build a strong economy.
Kjellström, Sara. "Har Rwandas valprocess blivit mer auktoritär de senaste 25 åren? : En studie av Rwandas valprocess." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338801.
Full textTsuruta, Aya. "'It is difficult to understand Rwandan history' : contested history of ethnicity and dynamics of conflicts in Rwanda during Revolution and Independence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18019.
Full textBaguma, Abdallah. "Women parliamentarians in Rwanda : women representatives or representing women? : a study of the Chamber of Deputies, the Lower House of the Rwandan Parliament." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192280.
Full textKalibwami, Justin. "Le catholicisme et la société rwandaise : 1900-1962 /." Paris : Présence africaine, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35452957q.
Full textWibabara, Charity [Verfasser]. "Gacaca Courts versus the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and National Courts : Lessons to Learn from the Rwandan Justice Approaches to Genocide / Charity Wibabara." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1107610745/34.
Full textIngabire, Mackline. "An analysis of the legal regime governing transfer of cases from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) to the Rwandan domestic justice system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4444.
Full textParrish, Skip-Thomas. "Too Few Voices, Too Many Distractions, Too Little Concern, Too Little Understanding: the American Media during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6000.
Full textM.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
History
Artbauer, Michael L. "Rwanda reconsidered." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA393663.
Full textNsengimana, Joseph. "La Poésie moderne de langue rwandaise continuité et rupture /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376171205.
Full textNsengimana, Joseph. "La poésie moderne de langue rwandaise : continuité et rupture." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0504.
Full textThis dissertation bears upon the poetry written in rwandis language, a bantu language wich belongs to the "zone j" (j. 61), called the area of "interlacutrine languages". The study of this poetry proceeds according with the linguistic analysis of poetry initiated by roman jakobson. The six levels of the linguistic communication : the poet-designer, the reader-receiver, the context, the contact, the code, the message and the corresponding functions are approached through the comparative point of vue in order to releive the retentivities of poetic and cultural tradition and the cultural apports of foreign cultures. Beyond the historical ruptures constituted by colonisation, christianisation and republic instead of monarchy, and the cultural changes they caused, retentivities of rwandis tradition such as themes, myths, images, prosodic technics, are most important than those ruptures allowed to suppose. The reason is the very slow evolution of collective unconsciousness which is the main agent of culture. From this analysis comes out the identity of the modern rwandis poetry through which is reflected the identity of rwandis nation. Both identities account for cultural rootedness and foreign influences. As a study of a case, this dissertation draws attention to an unrecognised field : the modern literatures of african languages in francophone area of africa
Tie, Tra Bi Irie Fabrice Raoul. "Famille et Violence dans la littérature francophone : le génocide des Tutsis du Rwanda." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL014/document.
Full textThis thesis question the notion of family in connection with mass Killing : the genocide of the Tutsi of Rwanda. It was developed on two main axes. A point of history presented the socio-historical determinants which favorised the extermination of the Rwandan Tutsi. Then a literary analysis established a correlation between the idea of family and this extreme violence, through a corpus of French-speaking writers and survivors of this event. What opened up the study of the Tutsi génocide from the only historic point of view to make a literary subject. In this research work, our subject insisted on the situation of the families which resisted and on those who were decimated in front of ambient genocide. And informed about a tragedy which weakened the links of filiation within the members of the same household and broke the relationship, the brotherhood between nearby families. This study also presented the possible configurations of the family institution after the genocide. It showed that with the massacres which deconstructed the household the survivors to begin an impact strength, recompose of new sibships, new families
Onana, Auguste Charles. "Rwanda, l'Opération Turquoise et la controverse médiatique (1994-2014) : analyse des enquêtes journalistiques, des documents secret-défense et de la stratégie militaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3083.
Full textOn the 22nd June 1994, the UN Security Council passes the resolution 929authorising the deployment of a multinational humanitarian, neutral and impartial force toRwanda having as its mission to put an end to the massacres. In concrete terms, it isFrance, on initiative of this project, who goes to carry out the command of the missionnamed Operation Turquoise. This comes up against the opposition of the Tutsis rebels ofthe Rwandan Patriotic Front, to the reservations of the humanitarian organisations but itreceives the backup support of the acting Rwandan Hutu government. OperationTurquoise incites above all a wave of accusations in the French press, with the PresidentFrançois Mitterand and the French military soldiers being accused of 'complicity ingenocide', even of taking part in the genocide. These accusations have endured and havebeen regularly coming back for more than twenty years, relayed by journalists who claimto have discovered then revealed the shameful role of France in RwandaThis study analyses the journalistic inquiries led from 1994 to 2014 and comparesthem with confidential secret defence documents stemming from American, French,Rwandan and UN records, as well as the military strategy put in place during OperationTurquoise. It also allows identification of the sources on which these accusations lie andevaluation of their validity. In so doing, it brings to the fore the way in which the researchhas focused on the genocide to the detriment of the armed struggle initiated by the RPFfrom 1990 to July 1994, leaving aside essential aspects in the comprehension of theRwandan tragedy
Nkurunziza, Benjamin. "Determining Rwanda's comparative advantage in rice : Eastern Province case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98136.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: As agriculture remains the economic engine of rural Africa, reducing poverty in Africa will depend largely on stimulating agricultural growth. To realize this growth, the efficient allocation of a country’s scarce natural resources becomes a prerequisite. Rwanda is endowed with extensive wetlands with a high potential for rice production due to its hilly topography, abundant rainfall, and warm temperatures. However, many of these wetlands remain uncultivated despite the prevailing rice deficit in the domestic and regional markets. Over the past decade, Rwanda has increasingly become dependent on regional and global markets for rice, as domestic supply is unable to keep pace with the growing domestic demand. This production deficit has limited the potential gains that farmers and the nation could realize in the form of income and foreign exchange earnings. The main objective of this study is to determine Rwanda’s comparative advantage in rice and to identify constraints limiting efficiency. To achieve this objective, this study utilizes the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to measure the comparative advantage in rice production and the level of inefficiencies within the rice subsector in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. The key findings of the analysis demonstrate that this province has a comparative advantage in rice. However, within the sample, 68 % of rice farmers’ cooperatives, cultivating rice on 25% of the total area under study, have no comparative advantage. In terms of net welfare gains, due to market distortions, domestic rice prices are artificially high, which creates a deadweight loss in the rice market. In particular, the protectionist policies (i.e. rice import tariffs and farm inputs subsidization) induce the private farm profit to outweigh the social farm profit. This abnormal profit allows rice production to become financially profitable even where there is a comparative disadvantage. On the demand side, although the domestic price of imported rice in Rwanda is slightly higher than the local rice price, the majority of consumers prefer imported rice to local rice, due to its long grain shape, aroma, and good quality. The low domestic demand for bold and short grain rice, which is cultivated by 70 % of Rwandan rice farmers, limits domestic rice producers’ market share. Given the study’s findings, the policy recommendations are threefold. The first involves technology dissemination and adoption. In order to improve the domestic rice production capacity and competitiveness, without compromising efficiency, it is imperative for rice farmers to adopt labour saving technologies. This technology adoption would allow for an increase in the area on which rice can be grown efficiently, due to a reduced social production cost. The second recommendation is that government should encourage research on the identification of aromatic and long grain rice varieties that can adapt to Rwanda’s agroecology, thereby meeting consumers’ demand preferences. Finally, though rice import tariffs protect domestic farmers against foreign competition, these policies decrease consumers’ welfare due to a reduction in the range of rice consumed in the domestic market. This study recommends the government to facilitate exportation of local rice in regional markets, and reduce rice import barriers. This intervention would benefit both farmers and consumers, while stabilizing the trade balance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aangesien landbou steeds die ekonomiese enjin van landelik Afrika is, sal die vermindering van armoede grootliks afhang van die stimulering van groei binne landbou. Die doeltreffende toedeling van ‘n land se skaars hulpbronne is ‘n voorvereiste om hierdie groei te verwesenlik. Rwanda het ekstensiewe vleilande met ‘n hoë potensiaal vir rysproduksie as gevolg van die heuwelagtige topografie, oorvloedige reënval en warm temperature. Baie van die grond is egter steeds onbewerk desnieteenstaande die heersende rystekort in die plaaslike en streeksmarkte. Oor die afgelope dekade het Rwanda toemend afhanklik geraak van streeks- en globale markte vir rys aangesien plaaslike aanbod nie kan byhou met die toemane in plaaslike vraag nie. Die produksietekort het die potensiële voordele wat boere en die volk kan realiseer in die vorm van inkomste en buitelandse valuta, beperk. Die hoofdoelwit van die studie is om Rwanda se vergelykende voordeel in rys te bepaal en om die beperkings ten opsigte van doeltreffendheid te identifiseer. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik, het die studie die Beleidsanalise Matriks gebruik om die vergelykende voordeel in rysproduksie en die vlak van ondoeltreffendheid in die ryssubsektor van die Oostelike Provinsie van Rwanda, te meet. Die kern bevindinge van die analise dui daarop dat die Oostelike Provinsie van Rwanda ‘n mededingende voordeel in rys het. In die steekproef is daar egter 68% van die rysprodusente koöperasies wat geen mededingende voordeel het nie. In terme van netto welvaartsvoordele, as gevolg van verwringing in die mark, is die plaaslike prys van rys onnatuurlik hoog, wat ‘n dooieverlies skep in die rysmark. Spesifiek, die beskermende beleide (d.i. rys invoertariewe en plaas insetsubsidies) het tot gevolg dat private boerdery wins groter gewig dra as die sosiale boerdery wins. Die abnormale wins laat toe dat rysproduksie finansiëel winsgewend word selfs al is daar ‘n vergelykende nadeel. Aan die vraagkant, al is die plaaslike prys van ingevoerde rys in Rwanda ‘n klein bietjie hoër as die plaaslike rysprys, verkies die meeste verbruikers die ingevoerde rys eerder as die plaaslike rys, as gevolg van die lang korrel vorm, aroma en goeie kwaliteit. Die lae plaaslike verbruik vir vet kort korrel rys, wat verbou word deur 70% van die Rwandese rysboere, beperk die plaaslike rys produsente se markaandeel. Gegewe die studie se bevindings, is die beleidsaanbevelings drieledig. Die eerste behels tegnologie oordrag en aanvaarding. Om plaaslike rysproduksie kapasiteit en mededingendheid te verbeter sonder om doeltreffendheid af te skeep, is dit noodsaaklik vir rysboere om arbeidsbesparende tegnologie te aanvaar. Die tegnologie aanvaarding sal die area wat doeltreffend onder rys verbou word, vergroot as gevolg van verminderde sosiale produksiekoste. Die tweede aanbeveling is dat regering navorsing oor die identifisering van aromaties en lang korrel rys varieteite moet aanmoedig om aan te pas by Rwanda se agro-ekologie; om sodoende verbruikers tegemoet te kom met hulle vraagvoorkeure. Laastens, al beskerm invoertariewe van rys die plaaslike boere teen internasionale mededinging, verlaag hierdie beleide die verbruikerswelvaart as gevolg van ‘n verlaging in die verskeidenheid rys wat in die plaaslike mark verbruik word. Die studie beveel aan dat die regering die uitvoer van plaaslike rys in streeksmarkte fasiliteer en die invoerbeperkings op rys verminder. Die ingryping sal beide boere en verbruikers bevoordeel, terwyl die handelsbalans gestabiliseer word.
Powell, Stephen. "Positive Autonomy as a Mechanism in Rwanda’s Post-Genocide Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1592.
Full textDinguenza, Nzietsi Conchita. "L'ONU face à la crise rwandaise de 1990 à 1996." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0037/document.
Full textBefore the outbreak of hostilities between the RPF and the FAR in 1990, the United Nations became directly involved after both parties asked it to arbitrate the conflict. But the intervention of the UN and the deployment of peacekeepers that came after the agreement of Arusha in 1993 in order to accompany the agreements did not stop violence and the rise of Hutu extremism yet. The various resolutions of the UN Security Council, far from granting more power to peacekeepers, instead created a situation of stagnation favoring the resumption of fights in 1994 and the genocide of Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The humanitarian tragedy facing Rwanda during and after the clashes and massacres appeals us on the proper role of the United Nations in the management of this conflict in particular, and in the post-cold war world in general
Begley, Larissa R. "'Resolved to fight the ideology of genocide and all of its manifestations' : the Rwandan Patriotic Front, violence and ethnic marginalisation in post-genocide Rwanda and Eastern Congo." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7431/.
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