Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 February 2023
Last updated: 29 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994"

1

Jessee, Erin, and Sarah E. Watkins. "Good Kings, Bloody Tyrants, and Everything In Between: Representations of the Monarchy in Post-Genocide Rwanda." History in Africa 41 (April 23, 2014): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractSince assuming power after the 1994 genocide, President Paul Kagame and his political party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, have struggled to unite Rwanda’s citizens using, among other initiatives, a simplified version of Rwandan history to diminish the ethnic tensions that made the 1994 genocide possible. As a result, Rwanda’s history has become highly politicized, with vastly divergent versions of the nation’s past narrated in private settings, where it is more politically appropriate for Rwandans to share their experiences. This paper focuses on divergent representations of Rwandan monarchical figures – often unnamed – whom the narrators imbue with values according to their individual political affiliations, lived experiences, and identity. These narratives are indicative of the broader ways that modern Rwandans narrate their experiences of history in response to Rwanda’s current official history, as well as previous official histories. Careful analysis reveals much about the current political climate in post-genocide Rwanda: most notably, that Rwandans continue to see their nation’s past through vastly different lenses, demonstrating the enormous challenges facing the Rwandan government as it seeks to reconcile its population using current methods. It also highlights the ongoing need on the part of historians to approach contemporary sources critically, informed by sources produced and debated in the pre-genocide period.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tembo, Nick Mdika. "Writing ‘Parrhesia’, Narrating ‘the Other Rwandan Genocide’." Matatu 48, no. 2 (2016): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04802011.

Full text
Abstract:
At the end of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, close to a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus had been murdered, and over 1.5 million people were either internally displaced or had fled over the borders into neighbouring countries and beyond for fear of reprisals from the advancing Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). This article places Marie Béatrice Umutesi’s Surviving the Slaughter (2004) and Pierre-Claver Ndacyayisenga’s Dying to Live (2012) within the context of post-1994 Rwandan testimonial literature that writes what is feared to be “the other Rwandan genocide,” particularly against those who fled to eastern Zaïre (now the Democratic Republic of Congo). In the two narratives, I argue, Umutesi and Ndacyayisenga destabilise and deconstruct the claim of genocide to create a literature that captures the anxieties of genocide memories in Rwanda. Specifically, Umutesi and Ndacyayisenga deploy a rhetorical narrative form that employs cynicism, bitter humour and a harsh tone to suggest that the suffering of Rwandans must not be seen, or even told, from a single perspective, and that only a balanced engagement with extant issues would lead to genuine reconciliation in Rwanda. To illustrate the ideological purpose at work in the two texts, I reference Michel Foucault’s parrhesia as a framework for understanding how the authors contest genocide memories in Rwanda.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hintjens, Helen M. "Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 241–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003018.

Full text
Abstract:
Any adequate account of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda must acknowledge manipulation by external forces, domestic pressures and psychological factors. Even so, the nature of the Rwandan state must be seen as absolutely central. The genocide took place under the aegis of the state, and Rwandans were the main actors involved. Both precolonial legacies and colonial policies contributed to the formation of this state, whose increasingly autocratic and unpopular government was, by the early 1990s, facing serious threats to its hold on state power, for which genocide represented a last-ditch attempt at survival. Many of the mechanisms through which genocide was prepared, implemented and justified in Rwanda bore striking resemblances to those used during the twentieth century's other major genocide, the Nazi Holocaust against the Jews.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Megwalu, Amaka, and Neophytos Loizides. "Dilemmas of Justice and Reconciliation: Rwandans and the Gacaca Courts." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 18, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889009000486.

Full text
Abstract:
Following the 1994 genocide, several justice initiatives were implemented in Rwanda, including a tribunal established by the United Nations, Rwanda's national court system and Gacaca, a ‘traditional’ community-run conflict resolution mechanism adapted to prosecute genocide perpetrators. Since their inception in 2001, the Gacaca courts have been praised for their efficiency and for widening participation, but criticised for lack of due process, trained personnel and attention to atrocities committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). To evaluate these criticisms, we present preliminary findings from a survey of 227 Rwandans and analyse their attitudes towards Gacaca in relation to demographic characteristics such as education, residence and loss of relatives during the genocide.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Robson, Julia, James Bao, Alissa Wang, Heather McAlister, Jean-Paul Uwizihiwe, Felix Sayinzoga, Hassan Sibomana, Kirstyn Koswin, Joseph Wong, and Stanley Zlotkin. "Making sense of Rwanda’s remarkable vaccine coverage success." International Journal of Healthcare 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v6n1p56.

Full text
Abstract:
After the Rwandan genocide in 1994, vaccine coverage was close to zero. Several factors, including extreme poverty, rural populations and mountainous geography affect Rwandans’ access to immunizations. Post-conflict, various other factors were identified, including the lack of immunization program infrastructure, and lack of population-level knowledge and demand. In recent years, Rwanda is one of few countries that has demonstrated a sustained increase to near universal vaccination coverage, with a current rate of 98%. Our aim was to ask why and how Rwanda achieved this success so that it could potentially be replicated in other countries.Literature searches of scientific and grey literature, as well as other background research, was conducted from September 2016 through August 2017, including primary fieldwork in Rwanda. We determined that four factors have had a major influence on the Rwandan vaccine program, including strong central government leadership (political will), a culture of accountability, local ownership and a strong health value chain. Rwanda’s national immunization program is rooted in a political landscape shaped by unique aspects of Rwandan history and culture. Rwanda has a strong central government and a hierarchical chain of command supported by decentralized implementation bodies. A culture of accountability transcends the entire health system and there is local-level ownership of the immunization program, including the role of engaged community health workers and a strong health information system. Together, these four factors likely account for Rwanda’s vaccination coverage success.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Owoso, A., S. Jansen, D. M. Ndetei, A. Musau, V. N. Mutiso, C. Mudenge, A. Ngirababyeyi, A. Gasovya, and D. Mamah. "A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016001074.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims.War and conflict are known to adversely affect mental health, although their effects on risk symptoms for psychosis development in youth in various parts of the world are unclear. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 and Civil War had widespread effects on the population. Despite this, there has been no significant research on psychosis risk in Rwanda. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential effects of genocide and war in two ways: by comparing Rwandan youth born before and after the genocide; and by comparing Rwandan and Kenyan adolescents of similar age.Methods.A total of 2255 Rwandan students and 2800 Kenyan students were administered the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Prevalence, frequency and functional impairment related to affective and psychosis-risk symptoms were compared across groups using univariate and multivariate statistics.Results.Rwandan students born before the end of the genocide and war in 1994 experienced higher psychotic and affective symptom load (p’s < 0.001) with more functional impairment compared with younger Rwandans. 5.35% of older Rwandan students met threshold for clinical high-risk of psychosis by the WERCAP Screen compared with 3.19% of younger Rwandans (χ2 = 5.36; p = 0.02). Symptom severity comparisons showed significant (p < 0.001) group effects between Rwandan and Kenyan secondary school students on affective and psychotic symptom domains with Rwandans having higher symptom burden compared with Kenyans. Rwandan female students also had higher rates of psychotic symptoms compared with their male counterparts – a unique finding not observed in the Kenyan sample.Conclusions.These results suggest extreme conflict and disruption to country from genocide and war can influence the presence and severity of psychopathology in youth decades after initial traumatic events.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Beloff, Jonathan R. "Rwandan Perceptions of Jews, Judaism, and Israel." Journal of Religion in Africa 52, no. 3-4 (September 7, 2022): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340230.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Religious studies of Rwanda typically focus on Christianity’s involvement before, during, and after the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, also referred to as the Rwandan Genocide. Rwanda’s postgenocide reconstruction has witnessed new and changing political and social commitments by previously established religious organisations such as the Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Adventist Churches. The Rwandan government has taken a more progressive stance on divisions of power and religious institutions, and the promotion of religious freedoms that has benefitted the domestic Muslim population. This essay examines how Judaism, a previously unknown religion in the region, is impacting Rwandan identity formation. Jewish identity is increasingly being tied to the nation’s own reconstructed identity, with a strong focus on historical persecution, rebuilding after genocide, and development. This essay suggests that Rwandan identity and religious studies should include the ever-growing ties with Jews and Israel to better understand its political and social reconstruction since 1994.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Burns, Holly. "Environmental Parasitic Disease Affecting the Health Status in Rwanda." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601118.

Full text
Abstract:
The analysis gleaned from Rwanda’s history following the 1994 genocide to the post-war aftermath has provided the ability to examine the improvements in life expectancy, health care, and social disparities within this country. The following paper describes Rwanda’s environmental and social health determinants, examines health literacy, and evaluates the inequalities within this country. Understanding the multiple influences surrounding the ecological living conditions that lead to tungiasis was pursued to reduce the prevalence of the parasitic disease. Policies should be established to enhance better environmental living conditions so Rwandan citizens can overcome several health barriers. Low socioeconomic status is associated with impoverished housing conditions and unhygienic living environments. Poor housing conditions, elevated indoor relative humidity levels, and unhygienic living environments expose Rwandan citizens to bacterial, viral, and parasitic risks. Therefore, examinations of peer-reviewed scholarly articles assist with determining the efforts used through governmental policies and programs to reduce health disparities in Rwanda. Finally, developing policies can help reduce exposure to a prevalent parasitic disease affecting many Rwandan individuals. Rwanda has many obstacles to reducing exposure to tungiasis, like managing healthy living environments, large city populations, access to quality sanitation systems, contaminated water, and funding for improved water treatment. Approximately 23% of the participants in three primary schools acquired tungiasis by walking barefoot in the sand, with unclean feet, in poor living environments, with elevated relative humidity levels, and in impoverished housing with dirt floors [5 & 12]. Aligned with overcoming Rwandans' barriers, tungiasis can be reduced and eliminated through paved concrete floors in residential housing, controlling indoor atmospheric conditions, education on tungiasis, knowledge of proper hygiene, environmental remedies, social policy reformation, and cultural modifications. In conclusion, goals should be established to create social change to protect at-risk Rwandan citizens from exposure to Tungiasis, especially school children.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Duriesmith, David, and Georgina Holmes. "The masculine logic of DDR and SSR in the Rwanda Defence Force." Security Dialogue 50, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619850346.

Full text
Abstract:
Since the 1994 genocide and civil war, the Rwandan government has implemented an externally funded disarmament, demobilization and reintegration/security sector reform (DDR/SSR) programme culminating in the consolidation of armed groups into a new, professionalized Rwanda Defence Force. Feminists argue that DDR/SSR initiatives that exclude combatant women and girls or ignore gendered security needs fail to transform the political conditions that led to conflict. Less attention has been paid to how gendered relations of power play out through gender-sensitive DDR and SSR initiatives that seek to integrate women and transform hyper-masculine militarized masculinities. This article investigates how Rwanda’s DDR/SSR programme is governed by an oppressive masculine logic. Drawing on critical studies on men and masculinities and feminist work on peacebuilding, myths and the politics of belonging, it argues that Rwanda’s locally owned DDR/SSR programme places the military and militarization at the centre of the country’s nation-building programme. Through various ‘boundary-construction’ practices, the Rwandan government attempts to stabilize the post-1994 gender order and entrench the hegemony of a new militarized masculinity in Rwandan society. The case study draws on field research conducted in 2014 and 2015 and a discourse analysis of historical accounts, policy documents and training materials of the Rwanda Defence Force.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Denis, Philippe. "The Missionaries of Africa and the Rwandan Genocide." Journal of Religion in Africa 50, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2021): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340180.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract On the basis of documentary evidence, this paper examines the position of the Missionaries of Africa, also known as White Fathers, in political and ethnic matters during the buildup to the genocide in Rwanda, the genocide itself, and the postgenocide period. It argues that the Missionaries of Africa responded to the genocide in different ways. Some, especially those who returned to Rwanda after 1994, recognised the errors done by the church and tried to restart their ministry on a new foundation. However, many, particularly in Belgium, the country from where half of them originated, adopted a more defensive attitude. They subscribed, explicitly or not, to the double genocide theory according to which the crimes of the Rwandan Patriotic Front equalled or even surpassed those of the Rwandan authorities and the militias during the genocide. On the whole, the General Council of the congregation in Rome reacted to the Rwandan situation in a nonpartisan manner.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994"

1

ALVES, ANA CRISTINA ARAUJO. "TALES ABOUT RWANDA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVES ABOUT THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE OF 1994." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7152@1.

Full text
Abstract:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A partir de uma abordagem pós-moderna/pós-estruturalista em Relações Internacionais, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise crítica de algumas narrativas sobre o genocídio ruandês de 1994. Nosso objetivo é desvelar as suposições de verdade implícitas nesses discursos; mostrar como essas suposições contradizem e questionam o caráter político/histórico declarado dessas narrativas; e discutir as implicações dessas suposições para a prática, no que diz respeito às políticas de pacificação e de resolução de conflitos. Apesar de considerarem o genocídio como um evento político e afirmarem o caráter cambiante dos termos Tutsi e Hutu na história, as principais narrativas correntes sobre o genocídio ruandês são despolizantes, essencialistas e a-históricas. Isso se deve à sua concepção moderna de história, à metafísica da subjetividade moderna que lhes subjaze e à sua noção de política em termos de poder e Estado. Por sua vez, esses traços se refletem na prática por meio de um tratamento aético, apolítico e irresponsável em relação à alteridade. Além disso, a intervenção humanitária baseada no princípio do Estado-territorial-soberano tem seu leque de opções políticas restrito pela compartimentalização dicursivo/territorial expressa nas dicotomias soberania/intervenção, guerra civil/genocídio, doméstico/externo. Nossa conclusão é de que essas conseqüências devem ser resistidas em termos, por um lado, da rearticulação radical entre subjetividade, responsabilidade e ética proposta por Emmanuel Levinas e, por outro lado, da formulação de uma nova relação entre os conceitos de fronteira, responsabilidade e intervenção humanitária, como esboçada por Michel Foucault.
Drawing on a post-modern/post-structuralist approach on International Relations, this dissertation presents a critical analysis of some of the narratives about the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Our objective is to reveal the truth assumptions implicit in these discourses; to show how these assumptions contradict and challenge the political/historical character declared in these narratives; and to discuss the implication of these assumptions for practice, in what regards politics of pacification and conflict resolution. Although the narratives under analysis consider the genocide as a political event and affirm the changing character of the terms Tutsi and Hutu in history, they are depoliticizing, essentialist, and ahistorical. This is due to their modern conception of history, to the modern metaphysic of subjectivity that underlies them, and to their notion of politics in terms of power and state. This is reflected in practice through the a-ethical, apolitical and irresponsible treatment towards alterity. Besides, the humanitarian intervention based on the principle of sovereignterritorial- state has its range of political options restricted by the discursive/territorial compartmentalization expressed in the dichotomies sovereignty/intervention, civil war/genocide, domestic/external. Our conclusion is that these consequences must be resisted in terms of, on the one hand, the radical rearticulation of subjectivity, responsibility and ethics proposed by Emmanuel Levinas and, on the other hand, a rearticulation of the concepts of boundary, responsibility and humanitarian intervention, as sketched by Michel Foucault.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hubbard, Jessica Alison. "Breaking the Silence: Women's Experiences With Sexual Violence During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31946.

Full text
Abstract:
In times of war, women are subjected to sexual abuse that is largely ignored by military organizations, media outlets, and international courts. Existing literature has illustrated how wartime rape was accepted or dismissed in the past, and how today, while this practice continues, international courts are beginning to identify the harm being done to women, making explicit how rape is used as a tool of genocide. In this thesis I argue that wartime rape serves as a means of genocide, a way to eliminate a group of individuals and their culture. A recent example of how rape worked as genocide is seen in the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Rape was used as a systematic policy to destroy a group of people, the Tutsi, through torture and the spreading of AIDS. The purpose of this research is to examine genocidal rape from the perspectives of women who were raped in Rwanda during the genocide. The focus is on gaining insight to wartime rape as a form of genocide and the aftermath of rape on the women and the culture within which it occurred. Qualitative, feminist analysis was used to answer the following research questions: How do women raped in the Rwandan genocide describe and explain their experiences with rape and its aftermath? How did the intersection of gender and ethnicity contribute to violence against women during the genocide? What are the implications of rape for the women who experienced it and for their families, communities, and their cultural group?
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cieplak, Piotr Artur. "The Rwandan genocide and its aftermath in photography and documentary film." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609170.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Straus, Scott. "The order of genocide : race, power, and war in Rwanda /." Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411342467.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Parrish, Skip-Thomas. "Too Few Voices, Too Many Distractions, Too Little Concern, Too Little Understanding: the American Media during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6000.

Full text
Abstract:
Upwards of one million people died during the Genocide, Civil War, and Refugee Crisis in Rwanda and surrounding nations, during one of the fastest Genocides to occur in modern history. Even though the United Nations and its member states had a legal mandate to intervene in cases of Genocide due to the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, the world chose not to. While there were a myriad of reasons for this the media played a part in this situation. Using the coverage of US print magazine articles, this thesis argues that the media missed the point and the signs of what was happening on the ground due to a fundamental lack of understanding of Rwanda, the African Great Lakes region, and Africa itself. Borrowing concepts of the creation of the “other,” lack of understanding of Africa, imperial language, and first world views of the third world from Edward Said and Curtis A. Keim this master's thesis shows that there were intellectual disconnects happening within the American press that made intervention nearly impossible. Once the Genocide was nearly complete and a more prosaic refugee crisis started America jumped at the chance to aid the refugees, a large number of them perpetrators of the Genocide, and the media showed reinvigorated interest in Rwanda. What misconceptions about Rwanda caused the media to miss the point? Did the print media help perpetuate those misconceptions, knowingly or unknowingly? With a death toll from the Genocide alone of roughly 8,000 people per day and the vast majority of them dying within the first several weeks of the Genocide, many lives may have been saved if Rwanda was made a priority by the media. Instead, while the media reported stories about chthonic hatred, the world was more concerned about a much slower Genocide in Eastern Europe. While attention was focused on other global and national stories, a racist regime intent on exterminating the Tutsi was allowed to stay in power in Rwanda.
M.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
History
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

White, Dean. "The UK's response to the Rwandan genocide of 1994." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/10122/.

Full text
Abstract:
Former Prime Minister Tony Blair described the UK’s response to the Rwandan genocide as “We knew. We failed to act. We were responsible”; this thesis sets out to explore these three claims. The thesis, which draws on newspaper archives, oral history interviews and government documents obtained by the author under the Freedom of Information Act, as well as British and US official documents already made public, begins by exploring Britain’s knowledge and understanding of events in Rwanda in the build-up to, and during the first few weeks of, the genocide. It then moves on to review how the government responded and, by drawing on various theories of bystander intervention, to build up a multi-factor assessment of what influenced that response. The thesis finishes by addressing the question whether the British government, or indeed any other British foreign policy actor, bears responsibility for the crisis. It therefore looks at the Rwandan crisis from the perspective of various influences on foreign policy: the media, public opinion, Parliament and NGOs, as well as exploring the response of John Major’s government. The thesis concludes that media coverage of the genocide led to a significant misunderstanding of the crisis; this misunderstanding influenced the public response and shaped discussion within Parliament and government. In terms of official response, whilst it has to be acknowledged that the government initially failed to correctly identify the events in Rwanda as genocide and consequently delayed their response until the majority of killings had ended, the thesis shows that rather than failing to act the British government was in fact a leading aid donor to Rwanda and a leading provider of troops to the UN peacekeeping mission serving in Rwanda. This aid did come too late to prevent or halt the genocide, but did save many thousands of lives in the immediate aftermath.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

De, Becker Laura. "Remembering Rwanda : the commemoration of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda's national museums and memorials." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554241.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis examines the commemoration of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, through its narration and visual representation in national museums and memorials. It is concerned with the ways in which this conflict is remembered and the current impact these modes of commemoration have on contemporary Rwandan society. By focusing on the national lieux de memoire, this work discusses their functions within Rwanda's memoryscape, as well as the contemporary artworks that are displayed therein and the commemoration ceremonies that are held around them. These visual modes of commemoration are important in contemporary Rwanda because of their role in the creation of a postmemory of the genocide. The children of genocide survivors, witnesses, perpetrators and returnees do not have direct experience of the genocidal events and they learn about them through representation, projection and creation. Therefore, the ways in which these events are portrayed in national museums and memorials is crucial because of the role these representations may play in policies of unification and reconciliation within the country. In particular, questions concerning ethnicity - one of the main 'causes' of the genocide but abolished after 1994 by the current Government - need to be addressed sensitively in the genocide memorials and museums. When dealt with satisfactory, museological displays can contribute to a better understanding between the two main ethnic groups of Rwanda. However, the exclusion of certain groups from mourning rituals and historical narratives may exacerbate tensions. An analysis of these commemorative practices is thus crucial for Rwanda's post-conflict recovery.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fletcher, Narelle. "Translating the unspeakable: an analysis of the language used to speak of the 1994 Tutsi genocide in Rwanda." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25032.

Full text
Abstract:
My thesis focuses on the language used to speak of the 1994 Tutsi genocide in the three official languages of Rwanda: Kinyarwanda, French and English. The genocide has had profound and ongoing social, political and judicial repercussions both within Rwanda and throughout the international community. Much of the primary data concerning the genocide has come from testimonies given by Rwandans speaking in their mother tongue, Kinyarwanda. This information is therefore only accessible to international scholars and to the broader community in translation. The difficulties inherent in finding words to convey experiences that could indeed be deemed “unspeakable”, coupled with the impact of instances of mistranslation or distortion associated with the translation process from one language to another are issues that have so far attracted only limited attention in the critical studies published on the genocide. The first half of my thesis explores the core terminology and rhetorical strategies used by Rwandans and members of the international community to evoke the notion of genocide targeting the Tutsi ethnic group before, during and after the events of 1994. The second half of the thesis focuses on translating and interpreting issues encountered in the proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Within this legal framework, the testimonies of the accused, their target victims and witnesses constitute a valuable corpus of documentation for analysing the terminology and narrative strategies used to speak of the genocide. At the same time, the official translations of these testimonies undertaken by the ICTR provide a valuable insight into the way the external perceptions of the genocide can be influenced by the linguistic choices of translators and interpreters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Basuayi, Clement Bula. "Fertility in Rwanda: Impact of genocide, an ananlysis of fertility before, during and after 1994 genocide." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3790_1248421768.

Full text
Abstract:

The 20th century has witnessed several wars and genocides worldwide. Notable examples include the Armenian and Jews genocides which took place during World War I and World War II respectively. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 is a more recent example. These wars and genocides have impacted on the socio-economic and demographic transition with resounding crisis. The present study focused on the Rwandan genocide which affected households and families by reducing the fertility rate. Hence the fertility transition in Rwanda was analyzed for the period before, during and after genocide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Delvaux, Denise. "The politics of humanitarian organizations : neutrality and solidarity : the case of the ICRC and MSF during the 1994 Rwandan genocide /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/146/.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994"

1

A, Salem Richard, ed. Witness to genocide, the children of Rwanda: Drawings by child survivors of the Rwandan genocide of 1994. New York: Friendship Press, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rudasingwa, Theogene. Rwanda, background to genocide. Dar es Salaam: Thakers Publishers, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Musomandera, Élise Rida. Le livre d'Élise: Rwanda, 1994-2014. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Melvern, Linda. Conspiracy to murder: The Rwandan genocide. London: Verso, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Umutesi, Marie Béatrice. Surviving the slaughter: The ordeal of a Rwandan refugee in Zaire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Destexhe, Alain. Rwanda and genocide in the twentieth century. London: Pluto, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Prunier, Gérard. The Rwanda crisis: History of a genocide. 2nd ed. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers Ltd, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Prunier, Gérard. The Rwanda crisis: History of a genocide. London: Hurst, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

R, Holmes Peter, ed. Christ walks where evil reigned: Responding to the Rwandan genocide. Colorado Springs: Authentic Pub., 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Guillaume, Riffaud, ed. Opération Turquoise: Rwanda, 1994. Paris: Perrin, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994"

1

Kurin, Danielle Shawn. "Rwandan Genocide, 1994." In The Bioarchaeology of Disaster, 151–60. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003229209-18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Collins, Barrie. "The Myth of the Akazu Genocide Conspiracy." In Rwanda 1994, 130–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137022325_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Collins, Barrie. "Genocide and Humanitarian Intervention in the Twentieth Century." In Rwanda 1994, 180–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137022325_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Richmond, Amy K., and Francis A. Galgano. "The 1994 Rwandan Genocide." In The Environment-Conflict Nexus, 155–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90975-2_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Simonsson, Olov. "Rwanda 1994." In The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide, 247–57. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317026-28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Clarke, John Nathaniel. "The media’s coverage of Rwanda, 1994." In British Media and the Rwandan Genocide, 42–76. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315675589-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yonekawa, Masako. "New-Caseload Hutu Refugees’ Flight and Their Refusal to Return (1994–1997)." In Post-Genocide Rwandan Refugees, 39–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6756-3_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

McNamee, Terence. "Such a Long Journey: Peacebuilding After Genocide in Rwanda." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 379–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_21.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Until its 1994 genocide, Rwanda was among the world’s most obscure countries: a tiny dot on the map of Africa, rarely studied, even more rarely in the news. Today, no country in Africa divides opinion among scholars and commentators as fiercely as Rwanda. A development success, rising from the ashes of mass ethnic slaughter? Or a case of autocratic recidivism, masked by a bogus narrative of national unity? This chapter breaks Rwanda’s highly contested peacebuilding into four main parts—military, society, economy, and youth & women—to put some distance between its tangible gains and failings, on one hand, and the presumed aims and personality of President Paul Kagame, on the other. It finds that Rwanda is a complex—but by no means secure—success.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yonekawa, Masako. "Process of “Armed Repatriation” of Old-Caseload Tutsi Refugees (1959–1994)." In Post-Genocide Rwandan Refugees, 19–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6756-3_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jessee, Erin. "An Official History: Commemorating “the 1994 Genocide of the Tutsi”." In Negotiating Genocide in Rwanda, 45–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45195-4_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994"

1

Teacher Training through Open, Distance and Technology-Enabled Learning in Rwanda. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/5506.

Full text
Abstract:
This baseline study focuses on analyzing policies and practices related to open and distance learning (ODL) and technology-enabled learning (TEL) in teacher education in Rwanda. The research, adopting a descriptive survey design, examines the status of ODL and TEL for teacher training, identifies challenges in policy practices, and proposes mitigating strategies. The findings underscore the Rwandan government's commitment to enhancing the teaching profession, with a significant increase in teaching staff across all educational levels. However, despite improvements, pupil-to-teacher ratios remain higher than Sub-Saharan Africa averages, signaling the need for increased efforts to train more teachers. The study highlights the historical emphasis on leveraging ODL and TEL in education, particularly after the 1994 genocide. Various ICT-related policies advocate for integrating technology into teacher training, but several key policies and strategies remain in draft form, indicating a gap in formal approval. Regarding ICT penetration in schools, the government has adopted smart classrooms and increased connectivity, yet challenges like maintenance and server capacity affect learning platforms' reliability. The University of Rwanda's College of Education offers blended learning, but the roadmap for ODL is unclear. The study recommends leveraging ODL/TEL as a cost-effective pathway to address the shortage of qualified teachers. It emphasises the importance of clear strategies, guidelines, and the use of MOOCs and OER for flexible continuing professional development and academic teacher education programmes. The Ministry of Education is encouraged to establish an open access repository for OER and formulate a comprehensive strategy for harnessing ODL/TEL for teacher education and professional development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Rwandan Genocide, Rwanda, 1994' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography