Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rwandans

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rwandans'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rwandans"

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Jessee, Erin, and Sarah E. Watkins. "Good Kings, Bloody Tyrants, and Everything In Between: Representations of the Monarchy in Post-Genocide Rwanda." History in Africa 41 (April 23, 2014): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.7.

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AbstractSince assuming power after the 1994 genocide, President Paul Kagame and his political party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, have struggled to unite Rwanda’s citizens using, among other initiatives, a simplified version of Rwandan history to diminish the ethnic tensions that made the 1994 genocide possible. As a result, Rwanda’s history has become highly politicized, with vastly divergent versions of the nation’s past narrated in private settings, where it is more politically appropriate for Rwandans to share their experiences. This paper focuses on divergent representations of Rwandan monarchical figures – often unnamed – whom the narrators imbue with values according to their individual political affiliations, lived experiences, and identity. These narratives are indicative of the broader ways that modern Rwandans narrate their experiences of history in response to Rwanda’s current official history, as well as previous official histories. Careful analysis reveals much about the current political climate in post-genocide Rwanda: most notably, that Rwandans continue to see their nation’s past through vastly different lenses, demonstrating the enormous challenges facing the Rwandan government as it seeks to reconcile its population using current methods. It also highlights the ongoing need on the part of historians to approach contemporary sources critically, informed by sources produced and debated in the pre-genocide period.
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Bülte, Nicolai, Johanna Grzywotz, Tobias Römer, and Leonard Wolckenhaar. "Monitoring the Trial of Onesphore R. Before theOberlandesgerichtFrankfurt." German Law Journal 16, no. 2 (2015): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002085x.

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“Twenty years ago today our country fell into deep ditches of darkness—twenty years later, today, we are a country united and a nation elevated.”Those were the words of Rwanda's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Louis Mushikiwabo, on 7 April 2014, as he spoke to the Rwandan People at the twentieth anniversary of the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. Thousands of Rwandans gathered at Rwanda's main sports stadium, the Amahoro stadium, in Kigali to mourn their losses together. Ban Kimoon, the UN Secretary-General, lit a flame at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Center and not only expressed his solidarity with all Rwandans, but also emphasized that the United Nations could and should have done more to avoid the most devastating chapter in Rwanda's history.
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Megwalu, Amaka, and Neophytos Loizides. "Dilemmas of Justice and Reconciliation: Rwandans and the Gacaca Courts." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 18, no. 1 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889009000486.

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Following the 1994 genocide, several justice initiatives were implemented in Rwanda, including a tribunal established by the United Nations, Rwanda's national court system and Gacaca, a ‘traditional’ community-run conflict resolution mechanism adapted to prosecute genocide perpetrators. Since their inception in 2001, the Gacaca courts have been praised for their efficiency and for widening participation, but criticised for lack of due process, trained personnel and attention to atrocities committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). To evaluate these criticisms, we present preliminary findings from a survey of 227 Rwandans and analyse their attitudes towards Gacaca in relation to demographic characteristics such as education, residence and loss of relatives during the genocide.
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Robson, Julia, James Bao, Alissa Wang, et al. "Making sense of Rwanda’s remarkable vaccine coverage success." International Journal of Healthcare 6, no. 1 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v6n1p56.

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After the Rwandan genocide in 1994, vaccine coverage was close to zero. Several factors, including extreme poverty, rural populations and mountainous geography affect Rwandans’ access to immunizations. Post-conflict, various other factors were identified, including the lack of immunization program infrastructure, and lack of population-level knowledge and demand. In recent years, Rwanda is one of few countries that has demonstrated a sustained increase to near universal vaccination coverage, with a current rate of 98%. Our aim was to ask why and how Rwanda achieved this success so that it could potentially be replicated in other countries.Literature searches of scientific and grey literature, as well as other background research, was conducted from September 2016 through August 2017, including primary fieldwork in Rwanda. We determined that four factors have had a major influence on the Rwandan vaccine program, including strong central government leadership (political will), a culture of accountability, local ownership and a strong health value chain. Rwanda’s national immunization program is rooted in a political landscape shaped by unique aspects of Rwandan history and culture. Rwanda has a strong central government and a hierarchical chain of command supported by decentralized implementation bodies. A culture of accountability transcends the entire health system and there is local-level ownership of the immunization program, including the role of engaged community health workers and a strong health information system. Together, these four factors likely account for Rwanda’s vaccination coverage success.
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Owoso, A., S. Jansen, D. M. Ndetei, et al. "A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 2 (2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016001074.

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Aims.War and conflict are known to adversely affect mental health, although their effects on risk symptoms for psychosis development in youth in various parts of the world are unclear. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 and Civil War had widespread effects on the population. Despite this, there has been no significant research on psychosis risk in Rwanda. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential effects of genocide and war in two ways: by comparing Rwandan youth born before and after the genocide; and by comparing Rwandan and Kenyan adolescents of similar age.Methods.A total of 2255 Rwandan students and 2800 Kenyan students were administered the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Prevalence, frequency and functional impairment related to affective and psychosis-risk symptoms were compared across groups using univariate and multivariate statistics.Results.Rwandan students born before the end of the genocide and war in 1994 experienced higher psychotic and affective symptom load (p’s < 0.001) with more functional impairment compared with younger Rwandans. 5.35% of older Rwandan students met threshold for clinical high-risk of psychosis by the WERCAP Screen compared with 3.19% of younger Rwandans (χ2 = 5.36; p = 0.02). Symptom severity comparisons showed significant (p < 0.001) group effects between Rwandan and Kenyan secondary school students on affective and psychotic symptom domains with Rwandans having higher symptom burden compared with Kenyans. Rwandan female students also had higher rates of psychotic symptoms compared with their male counterparts – a unique finding not observed in the Kenyan sample.Conclusions.These results suggest extreme conflict and disruption to country from genocide and war can influence the presence and severity of psychopathology in youth decades after initial traumatic events.
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Eramian, Laura. "Ethnicity without labels?" Focaal 2014, no. 70 (2014): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.700108.

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Following the 1994 genocide, the government of Rwanda embarked on a “deethnicization” campaign to outlaw Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa labels and replace them with a pan-Rwandan national identity. Since then, to use ethnic labels means risking accusations of “divisionism” or perpetuating ethnic schisms. Based on one year of ethnographic fieldwork in the university town of Butare, I argue that the absence of ethnic labels produces practical interpretive problems for Rwandans because of the excess of possible ways of interpreting what people mean when they evaluate each other's conduct in everyday talk. I trace the historical entanglement of ethnicity with class, rural/urban, occupational, and moral distinctions such that the content of ethnic stereotypes can be evoked even without ethnic labels. In so doing, I aim to enrich understandings of both the power and danger inherent in the ambiguous place of ethnicity in Rwanda's “postethnic” moment.
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Beloff, Jonathan R. "The Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina and its Impact on Rwandan Foreign Affairs." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 3 (2022): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.3.1999.

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The 2020 arrest and subsequent trial of Paul Rusesabagina fostered controversy about Rwanda’s human rights record and the political dominance of President Paul Kagame against oppositional voices. Despite human rights organizations and even the European Union condemning the arrest and questioning the ability for him to receive a fair trial, Rwandans remain resolute in their desire to seek justice against Rusesabagina. He is best known as the African version of Oscar Schindler because of the 2004 movie, Hotel Rwanda. However, the historical narrative of Rusesabagina’s heroism is questioned within Rwanda. Additionally, he is accused of forming ties to numerous terrorist groups which committed deadly attacks in Rwanda. This article examines Rusesabagina’s role during and after the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi and the impact of his arrest and trial on Rwanda’s foreign relations.
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Lala, Girish, Craig McGarty, Emma F. Thomas, et al. "Messages of Hope: Using Positive Stories of Survival to Assist Recovery in Rwanda." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (2014): 450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.290.

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For the past twenty years, the overriding story of Rwanda has been centred around the events and consequences of the genocide. In Rwanda, public expressions of that story have occurred in the gacaca courts, where survivors and perpetrators testified about their experiences and actions, during ongoing annual remembrance and mourning commemorations, and in memorial sites across the country that act as physical reminders of the genocide. While important as mechanisms for justice, testimony, and commemoration, on their own such events and installations also have the potential to re-traumatise. Accordingly, Rwandan agencies have encouraged a focus on the future as the overarching theme of recent national commemorations. Yet, opportunities for Rwandans to recount and disseminate positive, future-oriented stories of survival and healing remain sparse. Creation and awareness of positive stories have the potential to assist in recovery by increasing feelings of hope and efficacy; and recent research has demonstrated the value of hopefulness, well-being, and social support for vulnerable people. The Messages of Hope program seeks to leverage those ideas into a framework for generating positive messages by Rwandan survivors, providing an opportunity for everyday Rwandans to record and transmit their own positive stories of survival to demonstrate recovery and growth after the genocide, and to reinforce connectedness by sharing their challenges and aspirations. We describe the development and early implementation of this initiative and its potential longer-term application in other contexts of vulnerability.
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Habimana, Aloys. "Lending a Voice to the Voiceless: The Quest for Justice in Umutesi's Narrative." African Studies Review 48, no. 3 (2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0018.

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Surviving the Slaughter is a powerful narrative that takes us into one of the many tragedies of the African Great Lakes region that affected tens of thousands of helpless Rwandan civilians in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide inside Rwanda. Through the eyes of an ordinary, but also remarkable, woman, we learn the horrifying details of the ordeals that Rwandan refugees in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) went through after their camps were destroyed manu militari. The value of this book goes beyond that of a simple narrative. As we read it, we are absorbed by an account of a breathtaking and excruciating journey of tens of thousands of people as they are hunted down in the dense rainforests of the Congo. At the core of this account is one woman's protest against the absurdity of mass violence and the inhuman brutality of military regimes.At first glance, the book stands out as a strong stand against the corrosive tradition of silence that often accompanies gross violations of human rights, especially those unfolding beyond the scrutiny of the major world media. In a simple but engaging style, Umutesi strips off the usual veneer of reserve that characterizes Rwandans in general and Rwandan women in particular. Rwandans don't usually talk about their experiences, let alone write about them. And writing about the plight of people whom the world has often considered pariahs since the 1994 genocide requires a strong personality.
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Jessee, Erin. "‘There Are No Other Options?’: Rwandan Gender Norms and Family Planning in Historical Perspective." Medical History 64, no. 2 (2020): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2020.4.

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This article surveys the evolution of Rwandan family planning practices from the nation’s mythico-historical origins to the present. Rwanda is typically regarded as a patriarchal society in which Rwandan women have, throughout history, endured limited rights and opportunities. However, oral traditions narrated by twentieth-century Rwandan historians, storytellers and related experts, and interpreted by the scholars and missionaries who lived in Rwanda during the nation’s colonial period, suggest that gender norms in Rwanda were more complicated. Shifting practices related to family planning – particularly access to contraception, abortion, vasectomies and related strategies – are but one arena in which this becomes evident, suggesting that women’s roles within their families and communities could be more diverse than the historiography’s narrow focus on women as wives and mothers currently allows. Drawing upon a range of colonial-era oral traditions and interviews conducted with Rwandans since 2007, I argue that Rwandan women – while under significant social pressure to become wives and mothers throughout the nation’s past – did find ways to exert agency within and beyond these roles. I further maintain that understanding historical approaches to family planning in Rwanda is essential for informing present-day policy debates in Rwanda aimed at promoting gender equality, and in particular for ensuring women’s rights and access to adequate healthcare are being upheld.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rwandans"

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Van, Hoyweghen Saskia Vera Armand. "Migration and the nation-state : the case of displaced Rwandans in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406892.

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Kimonyo, Jean-Paul. "Rwanda, un génocide populaire /." Paris : Karthala, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41248111n.

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Genna, Giselle Daiana <1988&gt. "“Rwanda of the Women” An overview on the situation of Rwandan women nowadays." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6387.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of Rwandan women nowadays. Rwandan women have been strongly affected by the genocide of 20 years ago. The genocide of 1994 was the result of an idea rooted by the colonial legacy that recognized a group of the population as superior than the other. As a result of years of resentment, in the weeks after 6th April 1994, around 800,000 Rwandan men, women, and children perished in one of the most terrible genocide. Firstly, this thesis illustrates the history of the country passing first through the colonisation, secondly facing the civil war and finally considering the genocide and all its mechanisms. In this last stage, a particular attention is given to the violence that women have suffered during the genocide, illustrated by some testimonies. In the second part, the situation of Rwandan women nowadays is presented. In a detailed analysis, are highlighted women’s achievements with an overview about the gender indicators in the occupational Rwandan sectors, the health situation, the education reality, the impact of the law N°22/99 of 12/11/1999 about property and finally the gender based violence indicators nowadays. In the third and final part, the thesis supports the data about Rwandan women through 20 interviews with women, carried out in Rwanda in summer 2014, which are part of a documentary project. Furthermore, the thesis is enriched with a final report about the two-months internship performed at “Réseau des femmes Oeuvrant pour le développement rural” a Rwandan NGO, still in summer 2014. This thesis essentially aims at giving a deep insight into such important gender issue, giving not only relevance to the historic events but also to the objective scenario of what Rwandan women represent in the society, particularly to all the result they have achieved today.
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De, Becker Laura. "Remembering Rwanda : the commemoration of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda's national museums and memorials." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554241.

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This thesis examines the commemoration of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, through its narration and visual representation in national museums and memorials. It is concerned with the ways in which this conflict is remembered and the current impact these modes of commemoration have on contemporary Rwandan society. By focusing on the national lieux de memoire, this work discusses their functions within Rwanda's memoryscape, as well as the contemporary artworks that are displayed therein and the commemoration ceremonies that are held around them. These visual modes of commemoration are important in contemporary Rwanda because of their role in the creation of a postmemory of the genocide. The children of genocide survivors, witnesses, perpetrators and returnees do not have direct experience of the genocidal events and they learn about them through representation, projection and creation. Therefore, the ways in which these events are portrayed in national museums and memorials is crucial because of the role these representations may play in policies of unification and reconciliation within the country. In particular, questions concerning ethnicity - one of the main 'causes' of the genocide but abolished after 1994 by the current Government - need to be addressed sensitively in the genocide memorials and museums. When dealt with satisfactory, museological displays can contribute to a better understanding between the two main ethnic groups of Rwanda. However, the exclusion of certain groups from mourning rituals and historical narratives may exacerbate tensions. An analysis of these commemorative practices is thus crucial for Rwanda's post-conflict recovery.
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Straus, Scott. "The order of genocide : race, power, and war in Rwanda /." Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411342467.

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ALVES, ANA CRISTINA ARAUJO. "TALES ABOUT RWANDA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NARRATIVES ABOUT THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE OF 1994." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7152@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A partir de uma abordagem pós-moderna/pós-estruturalista em Relações Internacionais, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise crítica de algumas narrativas sobre o genocídio ruandês de 1994. Nosso objetivo é desvelar as suposições de verdade implícitas nesses discursos; mostrar como essas suposições contradizem e questionam o caráter político/histórico declarado dessas narrativas; e discutir as implicações dessas suposições para a prática, no que diz respeito às políticas de pacificação e de resolução de conflitos. Apesar de considerarem o genocídio como um evento político e afirmarem o caráter cambiante dos termos Tutsi e Hutu na história, as principais narrativas correntes sobre o genocídio ruandês são despolizantes, essencialistas e a-históricas. Isso se deve à sua concepção moderna de história, à metafísica da subjetividade moderna que lhes subjaze e à sua noção de política em termos de poder e Estado. Por sua vez, esses traços se refletem na prática por meio de um tratamento aético, apolítico e irresponsável em relação à alteridade. Além disso, a intervenção humanitária baseada no princípio do Estado-territorial-soberano tem seu leque de opções políticas restrito pela compartimentalização dicursivo/territorial expressa nas dicotomias soberania/intervenção, guerra civil/genocídio, doméstico/externo. Nossa conclusão é de que essas conseqüências devem ser resistidas em termos, por um lado, da rearticulação radical entre subjetividade, responsabilidade e ética proposta por Emmanuel Levinas e, por outro lado, da formulação de uma nova relação entre os conceitos de fronteira, responsabilidade e intervenção humanitária, como esboçada por Michel Foucault.<br>Drawing on a post-modern/post-structuralist approach on International Relations, this dissertation presents a critical analysis of some of the narratives about the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Our objective is to reveal the truth assumptions implicit in these discourses; to show how these assumptions contradict and challenge the political/historical character declared in these narratives; and to discuss the implication of these assumptions for practice, in what regards politics of pacification and conflict resolution. Although the narratives under analysis consider the genocide as a political event and affirm the changing character of the terms Tutsi and Hutu in history, they are depoliticizing, essentialist, and ahistorical. This is due to their modern conception of history, to the modern metaphysic of subjectivity that underlies them, and to their notion of politics in terms of power and state. This is reflected in practice through the a-ethical, apolitical and irresponsible treatment towards alterity. Besides, the humanitarian intervention based on the principle of sovereignterritorial- state has its range of political options restricted by the discursive/territorial compartmentalization expressed in the dichotomies sovereignty/intervention, civil war/genocide, domestic/external. Our conclusion is that these consequences must be resisted in terms of, on the one hand, the radical rearticulation of subjectivity, responsibility and ethics proposed by Emmanuel Levinas and, on the other hand, a rearticulation of the concepts of boundary, responsibility and humanitarian intervention, as sketched by Michel Foucault.
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Jolobe, Zwelethu. "The social-revolutionary process as a cause of genocide in Rwanda : a critical interpretation on the causes of Rwanda's 1994 genocide." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3785.

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Tsuruta, Aya. "'It is difficult to understand Rwandan history' : contested history of ethnicity and dynamics of conflicts in Rwanda during Revolution and Independence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18019.

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This thesis explores the question of what factors shaped Rwandan ethnicity in the late 1950s and early 1960s; in particular, how and why was ethnicity transformed into ‘political tribalism’ in decolonising Rwanda? The Rwandan genocide in 1994 and the subsequent post-genocide peace-building have drawn our attention to the problems of ethnicity and nationalism. While ethnicity and nationalism in Africa have been a matter of debate amongst the primordialist, instrumentalist and constructivist schools, it has become more or less accepted knowledge that ethnicity in Africa was constructed by dynamic interactions between Europeans and Africans in particular colonial contexts. This constructivist approach may have advanced our understanding of ethnicity in pre-colonial and colonial Rwanda, but our perception of Rwandan ethnicity in the 1950s and 1960s has not benefited from this academic trend. Instead, the literature on this issue, most of which was written several decades ago, tends to take a primordialist approach towards the Rwandan Revolution and the ethnic conflict that emerged at the end of colonial period. By theoretically adhering to a constructivist approach, and relying on John Lonsdale’s ‘political tribalism’ model in particular, the thesis argues that to take a nuanced hybrid-constructivist approach is essential, because primordial ethnic conflict was not the cause of the Revolution and other historical events, but the other way round. Ethnicity in Rwanda was not simply invented by the Europeans during the colonial period, nor was it so primordial that the conflict between the Tutsi and the Hutu was inevitable; in fact, several conflicts (and not always along ethnic boundaries) existed, and even some alternatives were suggested for ethnic cooperation. Ethnicity went through a dynamic transformation into ‘political tribalism’ through interactions between Rwandans and non-Rwandans, as well as through relationships amongst different groups of Rwandans. Various domestic factors – including intra-Tutsi leadership rivalry, the alliance among the political parties and the inter-ethnic power struggle – affected the process of the Revolution, and politicised ethnicity. External factors, such as factions within the Belgian administrations as well as the heated debates in the Cold War-era United Nations, also provided opportunities for Rwandan ethnicity to become politicised. Contingency, the mass movement of people, violence and the processes of revolution and decolonisation had a synergistic impact on the spread of ‘political tribalism’ over Rwanda. Primordial perceptions on ethnicity, as well as interpretations of the past, and visions for the future held by each actor, were factors that shaped ethnicity and forced the ethnic split into the foreground. In this sense, Rwandan ethnicity cannot simply be understood through the dichotomised debate of primordialists and constructivists. Rather, it was a more dynamic process of ethnic transformation with unaccomplished alternatives and inter/intra-group relationships, strongly bound by the historical and political contexts of the time. ‘Political tribalism’ and interpretations of the past have influenced and, even today, continue to influence post-colonial Rwandan politics.
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Dusabe, Francis. "Rwanda’s responses to money laundering." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4404.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>In 20 the years after the genocide that afflicted Rwanda, the country has made considerable progress towards developing human resources in the public sector. It has kick-started its economy and improved sectors such as public health and education. There is still a need to attract direct foreign investment to boost the economy even further. However, Rwanda needs to take precautionary measures to ensure that it does not fall prey to economic criminality which will impede its economic progress. The fact of the matter is that young transitional democracies are prone to attract economic delinquents who take advantage of loopholes in the law to advance their criminal goals. This is particularly so in a country such as Rwanda, where the government has to prioritise other pressing needs that must be addressed. This paper assesses the extent to which Rwanda is prepared to deal with the menace of money laundering, a threat that may well stunt its ambitions to build a strong economy.
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Baguma, Abdallah. "Women parliamentarians in Rwanda : women representatives or representing women? : a study of the Chamber of Deputies, the Lower House of the Rwandan Parliament." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192280.

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Books on the topic "Rwandans"

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L'histoire du peuple Rwandais: Dans les mains des ministres du createur. Cahiers lumière et société, 2020.

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Rwanda. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, ed. The Rwanda diaspora policy. Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, 2009.

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1959-, Erwin Steve, ed. Suivre sa foi: S'élever au-dessus des cendres du génocide rwandais. AdA, 2009.

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Mbuzukongira, Gracieux. Rwandan refugees in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Enforcement mechanisms to implement international law standards for the protection of refugees. Common Ground Publishing LLC, 2013.

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Ik zocht de dood, maar vond het leven: Het verhaal van een Rwandese vrouw die alles verloor, maar bij ons een nieuw leven opbouwde. Lannoo, 2010.

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The politics and empowerment of Banyarwanda refugees in Uganda, 1959-2001. Fountain Publishers, 2007.

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Damascène, Karara Jean. Etude sur la situation des réfugiés rwandais vivant au Kenya: Rapport de recherche. J. D. Karara, 1996.

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Banyarwanda et Banyamulenge: Violences ethniques et gestion de l'identitaire au Kivu. Institut africain-CEDAF, 1997.

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(Brussels, Belgium) Regionaal Integratiecentrum. Rwandese jongeren op Brusselse scholen: Het verhaal van de Rwandese jongeren en hun ouders over naar school gaan en leven in Brussel. Regionaal Integratiecentrum, 2010.

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Umutesi, Marie Béatrice. Fuir ou mourir au Zaïre: Le vécu d'une réfugiée rwandaise. L'Harmattan, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rwandans"

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Sundberg, Molly. "Local Voices on Rwanda and Rwandans." In Training for Model Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58422-9_4.

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Sundberg, Molly. "Rwanda and Rwandans in the Post-Genocide Political Imaginary." In Training for Model Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58422-9_3.

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McNamee, Terence. "Such a Long Journey: Peacebuilding After Genocide in Rwanda." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_21.

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Abstract Until its 1994 genocide, Rwanda was among the world’s most obscure countries: a tiny dot on the map of Africa, rarely studied, even more rarely in the news. Today, no country in Africa divides opinion among scholars and commentators as fiercely as Rwanda. A development success, rising from the ashes of mass ethnic slaughter? Or a case of autocratic recidivism, masked by a bogus narrative of national unity? This chapter breaks Rwanda’s highly contested peacebuilding into four main parts—military, society, economy, and youth &amp; women—to put some distance between its tangible gains and failings, on one hand, and the presumed aims and personality of President Paul Kagame, on the other. It finds that Rwanda is a complex—but by no means secure—success.
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Takeuchi, Shinichi, and Jean Marara. "Land Law Reform and Complex State-Building Process in Rwanda." In African Land Reform Under Economic Liberalisation. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4725-3_7.

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AbstractThis study sheds light on recent land law (land tenure) reform in Rwanda by examining its close and complex relations with state-building. By prioritising land law reform and receiving strong support from external funding agencies, the post-civil warRwanda became the first African country to complete land registration throughout its territory. Land law reform should be considered a part of the radical interventions in rural areas frequently implemented by the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government and, therefore, has been closely connected to its aspiration to reinforce the existent political order. The government has utilised reform and external financial support for this purpose. However, despite the success of the one-time land registration, Rwanda has encountered serious difficulties in institutionalising sustainable registering systems since transactions of land have been recorded only in exceptional cases. Additionally, it suggests that the government does not have a strong incentive to collect accurate information about properties in rural areas. The widening gap between recorded information and the real situation may affect land administration, which is of tremendous importance to Rwanda and, thus, possibly undermine state control over society.
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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "Introduction: Political Justice." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_1.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "Conclusion: the Impact of the Arusha Tribunal." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_10.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "The “Final Solution” to the “Tutsi Problem”." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_2.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "Send In the Lawyers: The Political Architecture of Justice." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_3.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "The Arusha Tribunal." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_4.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "Uncharted Waters: Judging Genocide." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rwandans"

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Niyonshuti, Eric. "Current Situation, Future Goals, and Strategies of the Feed Sector in Rwanda." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.004.

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In Rwanda, livestock plays an integral part in the national economy. It contributes to improve the socio-economic status and wellbeing of Rwandans, fight malnutrition, and promote food and nutrition security. Over the past 2 decades, the government of Rwanda, in collaboration with different actors and stakeholders, has put in place strategic and implementation plans to strengthen livestock production in Rwanda. Although a remarkable step has been made in increasing animal productivity, there are still a lot of constraints and challenges in this sector. The scarcity of animal feeds is one of the main challenges that impair the development of the animal sector in Rwanda. In this review, the current status of the feed sector, future goals, and strategies to tackle and sustain animal feed resources in Rwanda are highly discussed. To the end of this article, some recommendations are made to the farmers, feed manufacturers and the government. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for feed production in Rwanda should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.
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Connell, Devin, Avery Bang, and Nicola Turrini. "Partnerships to Provide Critical Access; National Rural Infrastructure Programming in Rwanda." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.212.

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&lt;p&gt;Bridges to Prosperity (B2P) is an International Non-Government Organization (INGO) that constructs long- span, cable-supported footbridges for transportation connectivity in rural parts of low-income countries. By building footbridges over impassable rivers, B2P and their partners act as a catalyst in rural communities, providing access to health care, education and market opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following a nation-wide Rwanda needs assessment that involved assessing over 1500 locations where communities reported an inability to access local services year-round, B2P partnered with the Rwandan Government to prioritize the sites that were technically feasible and high impact, culminating in a five-year MOU to co-finance up to 355 bridges to connect over 1.1 million rural Rwandese. The private engineering and construction sectors have played a key role in providing funding and support for this scale up and this paper will address the design innovations brought forth, resulting in lost-cost and low-tech infrastructure for rural applications. To demonstrate the importance of B2P’s Corporate Partnership program on their scale-up in Rwanda, this paper will discuss a few of the innovative design and construction techniques developed in these partnerships through a case study of the Uwarukara footbridge in Rwanda.&lt;/p&gt;
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Ogegbo, Ayodele, and Oyebimpe Adegoke. "STUDENTS EXPERIENCES ON THE USE OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM: CASE STUDY OF A UNIVERSITY IN RWANDA." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end060.

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Google is a popular Web 2.0 tools with many interesting facilities and applications. Like many other Web 2.0 tools, Google classroom has potential for teaching and learning due to its unique built-in functions that offer pedagogical, social and technological affordances. With this in mind, Google classroom as an open-source learning platform created in 2015 to simplify and enhance user collaboration, was considered a prominent technology tool used to enhance teaching and learning at a particular University in Rwanda. This study adopts a quantitative descriptive design to investigate university students' Google classroom experiences in Rwanda after participating in an online STEM education course. Data were collected using questionnaires sent to students via a Google form link. The collected data were analyzed using frequency and descriptive analysis. The study has generally confirmed that students have a positive cognitive, affective, and behavioural attitude towards Google classroom use. The study also revealed immediate feedback, accessibility, user-friendliness, collaboration, effective and efficient communication as positive experiences recognized by students using Google classroom in their online STEM education course. Nevertheless, students faced problems such as poor internet connection, lack of technology to access the classroom, insufficient time to submit tasks, lecturers inadequate and untimely response to students’ questions, isolated learning, poor knowledge about the user interface, inadequate skills on how to use the classroom. To further encourage the use of google classroom particularly as a learning management system in Rwandan universities and other universities across Africa, findings from this study recommends that education institutions provide students and lecturers with adequate training and platform on how to use the google classroom interface, improve ICT infrastructures, lecturers’ use of video chat or asynchronous mode to provide adequate and timely feedback to students within stipulated virtual office hours, ensure quality course content.
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Niyoyita, Joseline, and Li Haiying. "Study on Rwandan Traditional Architecture." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahti-19.2019.36.

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Friedman, Brianna, and Brooke Baugher. "Rwanda Water Distribution." In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033090.

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Erika, Bagambiki. "E-reconciliation in Rwanda." In the 6th International Conference. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2463728.2463821.

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Murphy, Emily, Swathi Samuel, Joseph Cho, et al. "Checkbox Detection on Rwandan Perioperative Flowsheets using Convolutional Neural Network." In 2021 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds52267.2021.9483723.

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Tomaszewski, Brian, Anthony Vodacek, and Gaspard Rwanyiziri. "Innovation for Education, Spatial Thinking and GeoICT: A Rwandan Case Study." In 2018 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2018.8601758.

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Tuson, P., M. Roos, J. Wright, and G. Chown. "A Grid Code for Rwanda." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.0533.

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Baugher, Brooke. "Rwanda Ecological Sanitation Latrine Design." In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033072.

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Reports on the topic "Rwandans"

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Nyseth Brehm, Hollie. Identity, Rituals, and Narratives: Lessons from Reentry and Reintegration after Genocide in Rwanda. RESOLVE Network, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.8.vedr.

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This policy note outlines core findings from a case study of the experiences of approximately 200 Rwandans as they left prison or community service camp and returned to their communities. Specifically, it relies upon interviews with each of these individuals before, 6 months after, and again 1 year after their release—as well as interviews with over 100 community members. Although reentry and reintegration are multifaceted processes, this policy note focuses on identity, rituals, and narratives with an emphasis on initial reentry, which sets the stage for broader reintegration. In doing so, the note highlights insights that are relevant to reentry and reintegration following not only genocide but also mass violence, war, insurgency, violent extremism, and other forms of political violence. It simultaneously recognizes, however, that the case of Rwanda has exceptional elements and addresses these elements throughout.
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Ramani, Gayathri V., Jessica Heckert, Ara Go, Elyse Iruhiriye, Emmanuel Niyongira, and Deanna K. Olney. Stories of Change: Rwanda: Understanding the drivers of stunting reduction among Rwandan children from 2005 to 2015. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133376.

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Hooker, Jr, and Richard D. U.S. Policy Choices During the Rwandan Genocide. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442115.

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Feil, Scott R. A Rwandan Retrospective -- Developing an Intervention Option. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328750.

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Macchiavello, Rocco, and Ameet Morjaria. Acquisitions, Management, and Efficiency in Rwanda's Coffee Industry. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30230.

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Diao, Xinshen, Mia Ellis, Serge Mugabo, et al. Rwanda’s agrifood system: Structure and drivers of transformation. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136529.

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Powell, II, and Jeffrey H. Amnesty, Reconciliation and Reintegration: The International Community and the Rwandan Process. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485312.

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McGill, Karis, and Eleanor Turner. Return on Investment Analysis of Private Sector Facilitation Funds for Rwandan Agribusinesses. RTI Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0042.2008.

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This study analyzes the return on investment for an agribusiness facilitation fund implemented in Rwanda. Combining project monitoring data with supplementary surveys and interviews of recipient agribusinesses, we find a positive return on investment in terms of farmer income generated per dollar spent by the US government. To determine the commercial viability of the investments, we estimate the payback period and find the median time it will take a firm to recoup the entire investment through profits is 3.7 years. We estimate the net present value of the entire fund portfolio to be $12.5 million. These estimates rely on conservative assumptions and likely underrepresent the profitability of the investments. Given the positive returns and commercial viability of the agribusinesses, we examine the fund’s role as a first step to “graduate” firms toward investment readiness. Although three firms did access equity investment, we find that the majority of the businesses in the portfolio do not meet investor requirements for deal size and management capacity and are more appropriately financed by commercial lenders. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation and measurement of similar funds.
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Gillingham, Polly, and Felicity Buckle. Rwanda land tenure regularisation case study. Evidence on Demand, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.march2014.gillingham.

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Roberts, Lee C. The Reluctant Peacemaker, Rwanda April 1994. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442071.

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