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Journal articles on the topic 'Rwandans'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Jessee, Erin, and Sarah E. Watkins. "Good Kings, Bloody Tyrants, and Everything In Between: Representations of the Monarchy in Post-Genocide Rwanda." History in Africa 41 (April 23, 2014): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.7.

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AbstractSince assuming power after the 1994 genocide, President Paul Kagame and his political party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, have struggled to unite Rwanda’s citizens using, among other initiatives, a simplified version of Rwandan history to diminish the ethnic tensions that made the 1994 genocide possible. As a result, Rwanda’s history has become highly politicized, with vastly divergent versions of the nation’s past narrated in private settings, where it is more politically appropriate for Rwandans to share their experiences. This paper focuses on divergent representations of Rwandan mo

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Bülte, Nicolai, Johanna Grzywotz, Tobias Römer, and Leonard Wolckenhaar. "Monitoring the Trial of Onesphore R. Before theOberlandesgerichtFrankfurt." German Law Journal 16, no. 2 (2015): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002085x.

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“Twenty years ago today our country fell into deep ditches of darkness—twenty years later, today, we are a country united and a nation elevated.”Those were the words of Rwanda's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Louis Mushikiwabo, on 7 April 2014, as he spoke to the Rwandan People at the twentieth anniversary of the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. Thousands of Rwandans gathered at Rwanda's main sports stadium, the Amahoro stadium, in Kigali to mourn their losses together. Ban Kimoon, the UN Secretary-General, lit a flame at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Center and not only expressed his solidarit

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Megwalu, Amaka, and Neophytos Loizides. "Dilemmas of Justice and Reconciliation: Rwandans and the Gacaca Courts." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 18, no. 1 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889009000486.

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Following the 1994 genocide, several justice initiatives were implemented in Rwanda, including a tribunal established by the United Nations, Rwanda's national court system and Gacaca, a ‘traditional’ community-run conflict resolution mechanism adapted to prosecute genocide perpetrators. Since their inception in 2001, the Gacaca courts have been praised for their efficiency and for widening participation, but criticised for lack of due process, trained personnel and attention to atrocities committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). To evaluate these criticisms, we present preliminary findi

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Robson, Julia, James Bao, Alissa Wang, et al. "Making sense of Rwanda’s remarkable vaccine coverage success." International Journal of Healthcare 6, no. 1 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v6n1p56.

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After the Rwandan genocide in 1994, vaccine coverage was close to zero. Several factors, including extreme poverty, rural populations and mountainous geography affect Rwandans’ access to immunizations. Post-conflict, various other factors were identified, including the lack of immunization program infrastructure, and lack of population-level knowledge and demand. In recent years, Rwanda is one of few countries that has demonstrated a sustained increase to near universal vaccination coverage, with a current rate of 98%. Our aim was to ask why and how Rwanda achieved this success so that it coul

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Owoso, A., S. Jansen, D. M. Ndetei, et al. "A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 2 (2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016001074.

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Aims.War and conflict are known to adversely affect mental health, although their effects on risk symptoms for psychosis development in youth in various parts of the world are unclear. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 and Civil War had widespread effects on the population. Despite this, there has been no significant research on psychosis risk in Rwanda. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential effects of genocide and war in two ways: by comparing Rwandan youth born before and after the genocide; and by comparing Rwandan and Kenyan adolescents of similar age.Methods.A total of

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Eramian, Laura. "Ethnicity without labels?" Focaal 2014, no. 70 (2014): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.700108.

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Following the 1994 genocide, the government of Rwanda embarked on a “deethnicization” campaign to outlaw Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa labels and replace them with a pan-Rwandan national identity. Since then, to use ethnic labels means risking accusations of “divisionism” or perpetuating ethnic schisms. Based on one year of ethnographic fieldwork in the university town of Butare, I argue that the absence of ethnic labels produces practical interpretive problems for Rwandans because of the excess of possible ways of interpreting what people mean when they evaluate each other's conduct in everyday talk.

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Beloff, Jonathan R. "The Arrest and Trial of Paul Rusesabagina and its Impact on Rwandan Foreign Affairs." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 3 (2022): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.3.1999.

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The 2020 arrest and subsequent trial of Paul Rusesabagina fostered controversy about Rwanda’s human rights record and the political dominance of President Paul Kagame against oppositional voices. Despite human rights organizations and even the European Union condemning the arrest and questioning the ability for him to receive a fair trial, Rwandans remain resolute in their desire to seek justice against Rusesabagina. He is best known as the African version of Oscar Schindler because of the 2004 movie, Hotel Rwanda. However, the historical narrative of Rusesabagina’s heroism is questioned withi

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Lala, Girish, Craig McGarty, Emma F. Thomas, et al. "Messages of Hope: Using Positive Stories of Survival to Assist Recovery in Rwanda." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (2014): 450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.290.

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For the past twenty years, the overriding story of Rwanda has been centred around the events and consequences of the genocide. In Rwanda, public expressions of that story have occurred in the gacaca courts, where survivors and perpetrators testified about their experiences and actions, during ongoing annual remembrance and mourning commemorations, and in memorial sites across the country that act as physical reminders of the genocide. While important as mechanisms for justice, testimony, and commemoration, on their own such events and installations also have the potential to re-traumatise. Acc

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9

Habimana, Aloys. "Lending a Voice to the Voiceless: The Quest for Justice in Umutesi's Narrative." African Studies Review 48, no. 3 (2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0018.

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Surviving the Slaughter is a powerful narrative that takes us into one of the many tragedies of the African Great Lakes region that affected tens of thousands of helpless Rwandan civilians in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide inside Rwanda. Through the eyes of an ordinary, but also remarkable, woman, we learn the horrifying details of the ordeals that Rwandan refugees in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) went through after their camps were destroyed manu militari. The value of this book goes beyond that of a simple narrative. As we read it, we are absorbed by an a

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Jessee, Erin. "‘There Are No Other Options?’: Rwandan Gender Norms and Family Planning in Historical Perspective." Medical History 64, no. 2 (2020): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2020.4.

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This article surveys the evolution of Rwandan family planning practices from the nation’s mythico-historical origins to the present. Rwanda is typically regarded as a patriarchal society in which Rwandan women have, throughout history, endured limited rights and opportunities. However, oral traditions narrated by twentieth-century Rwandan historians, storytellers and related experts, and interpreted by the scholars and missionaries who lived in Rwanda during the nation’s colonial period, suggest that gender norms in Rwanda were more complicated. Shifting practices related to family planning –

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Hintjens, Helen M. "Explaining the 1994 genocide in Rwanda." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (1999): 241–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003018.

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Any adequate account of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda must acknowledge manipulation by external forces, domestic pressures and psychological factors. Even so, the nature of the Rwandan state must be seen as absolutely central. The genocide took place under the aegis of the state, and Rwandans were the main actors involved. Both precolonial legacies and colonial policies contributed to the formation of this state, whose increasingly autocratic and unpopular government was, by the early 1990s, facing serious threats to its hold on state power, for which genocide represented a last-ditch attempt at

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Tembo, Nick Mdika. "Writing ‘Parrhesia’, Narrating ‘the Other Rwandan Genocide’." Matatu 48, no. 2 (2016): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04802011.

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At the end of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, close to a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus had been murdered, and over 1.5 million people were either internally displaced or had fled over the borders into neighbouring countries and beyond for fear of reprisals from the advancing Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). This article places Marie Béatrice Umutesi’s Surviving the Slaughter (2004) and Pierre-Claver Ndacyayisenga’s Dying to Live (2012) within the context of post-1994 Rwandan testimonial literature that writes what is feared to be “the other Rwandan genocide,” particularly against those who fled t

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Berglund, Anna. "‘We Are Poor, So We Keep Quiet’." Journal of Legal Anthropology 5, no. 1 (2021): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2021.050102.

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Since 2006, the Rwandan government has been implementing policies to modernise the agricultural sector in a top-down manner. Small-scale subsistence farmers, making up the vast majority of Rwandans, are compelled to leave their traditional farming behind, form co-operatives and take up ‘modern’ farming techniques based on irrigation and state-approved crops. For my interlocutors in a Rwandan village, this policy resulted in reduced crop yields, difficulties in putting food on the table and a visible degradation of their lives. Yet people complied. They did not rise up in protest. They sought t

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Gatwa, Tharcisse. "God in the Public Domain." Exchange 43, no. 4 (2014): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341335.

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God has been very much present in public domain in the life of Rwandans. Every successful enterprise would lead Rwandans to pay tribute to God. At the end of every other failed try the Rwandan would say, ‘ahasigaye ni ah’Imana’ — I have done what I could, the rest belongs to God. His overwhelming presence was expressed in many ways including by theophoric names. This God celebrated by the triumphant ‘Christian kingdom’ came under fire attacks during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, many of them being slaughtered in churches and public buildings. Had God, the life Giver and the protector, b

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Mukamuhirwa, Immaculate, and Francois-Xavier Nsanzuwera. "Open Letter to Rwanda: Justice for Rwandans." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 26, no. 1 (1998): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1166543.

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Mukamuhirwa, Immaculate, and François-Xavier Nsanzuwera. "Open Letter to Rwanda: Justice for Rwandans." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 26, no. 1 (1998): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502741.

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17

Eramian, Laura. "Neither obedient nor resistant: state history as cultural resource in post-genocide Rwanda." Journal of Modern African Studies 55, no. 4 (2017): 623–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000404.

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ABSTRACTFollowing the 1994 genocide, scholars have criticised the Rwandan government's official account of national history and its restrictions on competing historical narratives. But what might Rwandans be doing with that state narrativebesidesconforming to it out of fear of reprisal? I argue that to understand what sustains official narratives we must grasp not only their coercive aspects, but also how social actors put them to work for different reasons. I offer four possible forms of agency in which Rwandans engage when they reproduce official history to show how – while forcibly imposed

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Moss, Sigrun Marie. "Beyond Conflict and Spoilt Identities: How Rwandan Leaders Justify a Single Recategorization Model for Post-Conflict Reconciliation." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (2014): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.291.

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Since 1994, the Rwandan government has attempted to remove the division of the population into the ‘ethnic’ identities Hutu, Tutsi and Twa and instead make the shared Rwandan identity salient. This paper explores how leaders justify the single recategorization model, based on nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with Rwandan national leaders (politicians and bureaucrats tasked with leading unity implementation) conducted in Rwanda over three months in 2011/2012. Thematic analysis revealed this was done through a meta-narrative focusing on the shared Rwandan identity. Three frames were foun

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SADAT, LEILA. "Transjudicial Dialogue and the Rwandan Genocide: Aspects of Antagonism and Complementarity." Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 3 (2009): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990082.

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AbstractThe Rwandan genocide remains one of the most horrific atrocities of the twentieth century, resulting in the death of an estimated 500–800,000 human beings, massacred over a 100-day period. In the fourteen years since the genocide, attempts at justice and reconciliation in Rwanda have involved a delicate interplay between national legal systems and the international legal order. This article examines three fora in which Rwandans have been tried for involvement in the genocide: the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Rwandan courts including Gacaca tribunals, and French attempts

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Kubai, Anne. "Post-Genocide Rwanda: The Changing Religious Landscape." Exchange 36, no. 2 (2007): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254307x176606.

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AbstractThis paper seeks to examine the proliferation of Pentecostal churches and the changing religious landscape of Rwanda. The horrific genocide of 1994, left the country's traditional mainline churches bloodied and the Christian faith seriously challenged. Unlike elsewhere in Africa, prior to the genocide, Pentecostal churches had not got a foot-hold in Rwanda, then referred to as the most Catholic country in Africa. In the aftermath, Rwanda has experienced a spontaneous growth of new churches imported by returnees from far and wide. Though the Catholic Church still retains its dominant po

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Hage, Erika. "A Re-Examination of Humanitarian Intervention in Light of the Rwanda Genocide." Political Science Undergraduate Review 1, no. 2 (2016): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur26.

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This paper explores the Rwanda Genocide of 1994 and the lack of global response that was given to the atrocities committed against Rwandans. In light of the failure to act, the paper examines why this occurred and proposes a multi-national response to large-scale violence in the global community.

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Weatherspoon, Dave D., Marie Steele-Adjognon, Fidèle Niyitanga, Jean Paul Dushimumuremyi, Anwar Naseem, and James Oehmke. "Food expenditure patterns, preferences, policy, and access of Rwandan households." British Food Journal 119, no. 6 (2017): 1202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2016-0408.

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Purpose An extended period of economic growth along with stubborn childhood stunting and wasting levels raises questions about how consumer food purchasing behaviors respond to income increases in Rwanda. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role income, prices, policy, agricultural production, and market access play on how rural households purchase different food groups. Design/methodology/approach Six separate log-normal double hurdle models are run on six different food groups to examine what affects the probability a household purchases in each food group and for those who do purchas

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d’Amour Banyanga, Jean, Kaj Björkqvist, and Karin Österman. "Coping Strategies and Psychological Interventions among Traumatized African Migrants in the Western World: a Comparison between Rwandans in Finland and Belgium." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0008.

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Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate coping strategies and the experience of mental health interventions in Rwandans traumatised by their experiences during the 1994 genocide and its aftermath, living in Belgium and Finland. A questionnaire was completed by 341 Rwandans above 20 years of age (166 males, 175 females), with the purpose to investigate similarities and differences in coping strategies and psychological interventions in the two host countries. The participants were also interviewed. The results show that Rwandans in Belgium were more satisfied than those living in

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Yanagisawa, Ayumi, Noriko Sudo, Yukiko Amitani, et al. "Development and Validation of a Data-Based Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults in Eastern Rural Area of Rwanda." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 9 (January 2016): NMI.S38374. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s38374.

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This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for rural Rwandans. Since our FFQ was developed to assess malnutrition, it measured energy, protein, vitamin A, and iron intakes only. We collected 260 weighed food records (WFRs) from a total of 162 Rwandans. Based on the WFR data, we developed a tentative FFQ and examined the food list by percent contribution to energy and nutrient intakes. To assess the validity, nutrient intakes estimated from the FFQ were compared with those calculated from three-day WFRs by correlation coefficient and cross-clas

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Moïse, Bigirimana, and Xu Hongyi. "FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN RWANDA: AN OVERVIEW." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 3 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i3p75-84.

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Financial inclusion is a major policy concern with governments across the world. Rwanda as a country with fast development averaging to 6.9% from 2011 to 2015 has done an improvement in financial inclusion as well. This country with stable growth interested the researchers to know whether this development goes hand in hand with financial inclusion. This paper is an attempt to show the overview of financial inclusion in Rwanda. Secondary data from Rwanda Fin scope survey 2008, 2012 and 2016 were used in this study. Apart from that, this paper uses data from Banque National du Rwanda from 2011 t

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Newbury, David. "Rwanda: Genocide and After." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501942.

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The papers that follow were based on presentations to two roundtables on Rwanda organized at the African Studies Association Annual Meeting held in Toronto, on November 6,1994.At the outset, it is important to note three aspects of those roundtables. First, they were not organized as a comprehensive set of papers; instead, with one or two exceptions, the roundtables were formed of those papers which were submitted independently of each other by individual members of the ASA. I was asked simply to coordinate their presentation and prepare the papers for publication afterward. The result of this

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Jaji, Rose. "Under the shadow of genocide: Rwandans, ethnicity and refugee status." Ethnicities 17, no. 1 (2016): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796815603754.

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This article discusses ethnicity and refugee status among Rwandan refugees self-settled in Nairobi, Kenya. It addresses conflation of Hutu fugitives who participated in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and refugees, and critiques perception of Hutu and Tutsi as mutually exclusive ethnicities with no points of intersection. Framed within the social constructivist approach to identity, the article problematizes ethnic essentialism and wholesale criminalization and stigmatization of Rwandan refugees and, in particular, Hutu ethnicity in ways that silence individual viewpoints emanating from personal exp

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Mwambari, David. "Music and the politics of the past: Kizito Mihigo and music in the commemoration of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (2019): 1321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018823233.

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After the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, the post-genocide government spearheaded the creation of genocide commemorations. Over the past two decades, political elites and survivors’ organizations have gone to great lengths to institutionalize the memorialization, including creating laws to protect the memory of the genocide from denialism. Ordinary Rwandans have responded to the annual commemorations using creative means of support for and disagreement with the government’s interpretation of their shared violent past. Music has been used as citizen-driven tool to both spread and cr

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Ernestine, Bayisenge. "Psychosocial Wellbeing of Genocide Widows in Rwanda through Their Associations: A Case Study of Avega in Rwimbogo Sector." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i2.9666.

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<p>The research conducted on the role of associations of genocide widows was undertaken with the purpose of determining the contribution of Association of Widows of Genocide in Rwanda (AVEGA) in addressing the problems of widows of genocide in Rwanda and improving their wellbeing. The results of investigation carried out on 72 genocide widows through a questionnaire revealed that AVEGA improves the wellbeing of widows with the promotion of good health by providing medical services to them, the economic development by introducing activities which generate income in order to eradicate pove

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Dooley, Andrea. "“We Are All Rwandans”1: Repatriation, National Identity, and the Plight of Rwanda's Transferred Children." Journal of Human Rights 12, no. 3 (2013): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2013.812418.

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Myl, Małgorzata. "Reconciliation Processes In Rwanda. The Importance of Tradition and Culture for Transitional Justice." Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza 11 (December 30, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2020.11.05.

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In 1994, Rwanda suffered one of the worst genocides in history. It is estimated that up to 1,000,000 people were killed in the 100 days of mass slaughter. In 2019, 25 years after the atrocities, Rwanda and Rwandans are still involved in transitional processes aimed at rebuilding the country, handling the past crimes and, ultimately, achieving reconciliation. In the first part of the paper the significance of the reconciliation is elaborated. Reconciliation is often presumed to be one of the main goals for transitional justice and an essential element for rebuilding peace and security in post-c

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Čukić, Iva, Chris Kypridemos, Alex W. Evans, Daniel Pope, and Elisa Puzzolo. "Towards Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Universal Access to Clean Modern Energy”: National Strategy in Rwanda to Scale Clean Cooking with Bottled Gas." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154582.

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More than 90% of Rwandans rely on polluting solid fuels to meet their cooking needs. The negative impacts on health, climate, and the environment have led the Rwandan government to set a target of halving that number to 42% by 2024. A National Master Plan to promote scale up of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been developed to define (i) the necessary market conditions, (ii) public and private sector interventions, and (iii) the expected societal impacts. Findings are reported from modelling scenarios of scaling LPG use towards the 2024 policy target and the 2030 target for “universal access

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Barnes-Ceeney, Kevin, Laurie Leitch, and Lior Gideon. "Reconciliation potential of Rwandans convicted of genocide." International Journal of Restorative Justice 2, no. 2 (2019): 260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/ijrj/258908912019002002005.

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Charpentier, Émeline. "L’Éthiopie des Congolais, Burundais et Rwandais réfugiés." African Diaspora 8, no. 1 (2015): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00801003.

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Ethiopia as a land of asylum is still little known. Welcoming in 2014 about 400,000 people with refugee status, it represents one of the largest countries of asylum in the Horn of Africa. Among this population, is a tiny minority of Congolese, Burundians and Rwandese. In this article, I wish to analyze, through an anthropological approach, their integration in the host country. The relationship that this refugee population has with the Ethiopian space, with Ethiopia as a political and legal structure, and finally, with the Ethiopians will be questioned. It appears that the political and social

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Zavyalova, Olga Yu. "Ethnic consciousness of Rwandans and their value orientations (according to 2015 polls in Rwanda)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 8, no. 4 (2016): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu13.2016.410.

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Nasaba, Robert Madoi, and Nakiwala Aisha Sembatya. "Is we they? A cross-cultural study of responses to COVID-19 updates in Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda." Journal of African Media Studies 13, no. 3 (2021): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00053_1.

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This article delineates the material relations, routines and sensorial responses inhabited by people in Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. It grounds views on a discourse of behavioural change while exploring how Ugandans, Kenyans and Rwandans responded to COVID-19 messages populated on selected official government Twitter accounts. The article is a mixed methods study that employs a numeric and discursive analytic approach, with the nudge theory proving particularly congenial. Findings show that a civic nationalism was enunciated in the hinterland. The

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Nassenstein, Nico. "Kinyarwanda and Kirundi: On Colonial Divisions, Discourses of National Belonging, and Language Boundaries." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i1.264.

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The development of the Bantu languages Kinyarwanda and Kirundi is entangled within the colonial histories of Rwanda and Burundi, first under German and then Belgian rule. From the turn of the twentieth century on, missionaries compiled grammars and dictionaries of the two mutually intelligible languages, contributing to the development and instrumentalisation of two prestigious varieties out of a larger dialect continuum. In this contribution, I trace the missionary and colonial activities of corpus planning and textualisation and summarise how Kinyarwanda and Kirundi turned into official lang

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Thasiah, Victor. "Prophetic Pedagogy: Critically Engaging Public Officials in Rwanda." Studies in World Christianity 23, no. 3 (2017): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2017.0195.

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After genocide, civil war and a complex history of colonial and postcolonial state violence, many within and beyond the African Great Lakes region have called for Rwandan Christians to better maintain critical distance from the state and hold public officials responsible for the flourishing of all, regardless of ethnic identity or political persuasion. The pairing of Rwandan community organising practices and Emmanuel Katongole's political theology offers what I call a prophetic pedagogy for responding to this need. To support this claim, we consider (1) Katongole's theoretical contribution to

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Zorbas, Eugenia. "Reconciliation in Post-Genocide Rwanda." African Journal of Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2004): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221097312x13397499735904.

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AbstractNational reconciliation is a vague and 'messy' process. In post-genocide Rwanda, it presents special difficulties that stem from the particular nature of the Rwandan crisis and the popular participation that characterized the Rwandan atrocities. This article outlines the main approaches being used in Rwanda to achieve reconciliation, highlighting some of the major obstacles faced by these institutions. It then goes on to argue that certain 'Silences' are being imposed on the reconciliation process, including the failure to prosecute alleged RPA crimes, the lack of debate on, and the in

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Levin, Aaron. "Psychiatrists Help Rwandans Recover From Trauma of Brutal War." Psychiatric News 44, no. 13 (2009): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.44.13.0009a.

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Duriesmith, David, and Georgina Holmes. "The masculine logic of DDR and SSR in the Rwanda Defence Force." Security Dialogue 50, no. 4 (2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619850346.

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Since the 1994 genocide and civil war, the Rwandan government has implemented an externally funded disarmament, demobilization and reintegration/security sector reform (DDR/SSR) programme culminating in the consolidation of armed groups into a new, professionalized Rwanda Defence Force. Feminists argue that DDR/SSR initiatives that exclude combatant women and girls or ignore gendered security needs fail to transform the political conditions that led to conflict. Less attention has been paid to how gendered relations of power play out through gender-sensitive DDR and SSR initiatives that seek t

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Muhammad, Ali, and Amalia Nurul Hutami. "Why did Rwanda join British Commonwealth?" Nation State: Journal of International Studies 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.v4i1.454.

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This article aims to examine Rwanda's foreign policy decision to join the British Commonwealth. Rwanda was former French colony and has historic association with Francophone countries. But the country decided to join the British Commonwealth in 2009. Using theory of foreign policy decision making, it argues that the shift of Rwanda’s foreign policy was caused by the political transition in Rwanda’s domestic politics, its economy condition in the post-genocide epoch as well as the international context which included Rwanda’s geographic position and the role of the United Kingdom in aiding Rwan

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Pascal, Rwakibibi. "Assessing the Contribution of Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme on Poverty Reduction in Kigabiro Sector, Rwanda." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 11 (2021): 2528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i11.em01.

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The study aimed at assessing the contribution of VUP in poverty reduction especially in Kigabiro sector. This study has general objective which is to assess the contribution of Vision 2020 Umurenge programme on poverty reduction supported by three specific objectives which are to assess the contribution of public works on poverty reduction, to determine the contribution of financial services on poverty reduction, and also to evaluate the contribution of direct support services on poverty reduction especially in Kigabiro sector located in Rwamagana district, Eastern province. Internationally, p

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Joseph, Owino, Mukashyaka Phelomene, Ndayisaba Helene, et al. "Phenolic Compound Profiles of Two Common Beans Consumed by Rwandans." American Journal of Plant Sciences 05, no. 20 (2014): 2943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.520310.

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Gasarasi, Charles. "The Question of the Recent Expulsion of Rwandans from Tanzania." Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2325-484x.1.1.7.

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Cottyn, Ine. "Livelihood Trajectories in a Context of Repeated Displacement: Empirical Evidence from Rwanda." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (2018): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103521.

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Displacement, forced migration, and resettlement in Africa have been attributed to a variety of causes and is disrupting all aspects of people’s lives, breaking social, cultural and economic networks that are critical to sustaining livelihoods. Rwanda is one of the countries in Africa with a long history of multiple displacements, and the life trajectories of many Rwandans are characterised by multiple experiences of displacement, and involuntary migration. Although many have researched the effects of displacement on people’s livelihoods from both an academic, as well as a practitioner’s viewp

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Biracyaza, Emmanuel, Jean Mutabaruka, and Samuel Habimana. "Validation of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI-16) on Nonclinical Sample of Rwandans: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i1.3917.

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Globally, anxiety diseases are the mental health concerns that increase the mortality and morbidity. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the tendency of individuals to fear anxiety-related symptoms due to the belief that these symptoms may have destructive consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted to validate ASI-16 on a non-psychiatric sample of 90 recruited students from the University of Rwanda. The recruited participants were aged 19 to 37 years old [(Mean age (M=23.9, SD = 3.69)]. The findings confirmed a good internal consistence (Cronbach’s Alpha, α= 0.83). The results revealed

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Niyonsenga, Japhet, Thérèse Uwitonze, Ignatiana Mukarusanga, and Jean Mutabaruka. "Factors of Family Violence in the Southern Province of Rwanda." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v5i1.3.

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BackgroundDespite the elevated prevalence and detrimental effects of family violence on survivors in developing countries, little is known about a dimensional empirically based comprehensive structure of family violence.ObjectivesBased on family violence theories, this study aimed to identify factors of family violence in a sample of Rwandans living in all the eight District Police Units of the Southern Rwanda. MethodsA sample of 89 spouses (females = 56.5%, males = 43.5%) were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. From already existing family violence theories and family viol

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Ndejuru, Lisa. "“This, too, belongs”." Canadian Theatre Review 188 (October 1, 2021): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.188.004.

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“This, too, belongs,” is a mantra that helps me navigate this strange time of the global pandemic and Black Lives Matter. It also helps with the project I started. Waking the Stories is based on an archive of Ibiteekerezo or wisdom stories from the oral tradition of precolonial Rwanda, where I am from. These stories were traditionally held as bodies of wisdom and passed down in families. Very few Rwandans know how to interpret these stories anymore. They were transcribed and translated by colonial administrators, missionaries, and researchers to better understand, keep traces of, and ultimatel

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Des Forges, Alison. "The Ideology of Genocide." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 2 (1995): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502029.

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Mobilizing thousands of Rwandans to slaughter tens of thousands of others required effective organization. Far from the “Failed State” syndrome that appears to plague some parts of Africa, Rwanda was too successful as a state. Extremists used its administrative apparatus, its military, and its party organizations to carry out a “cottage-industry” genocide that reached out to all levels of the population and produced between five hundred thousand and one million victims. Those with state power used their authority to force action from those reluctant to kill. They also offered attractive incent

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