Journal articles on the topic 'Ryabtsev index'

Among the possible dangers, fires definitely rank first. In Ukraine, there is a growing trend in the number of fires and the damage they cause. Therefore, identifying the structure of cause-and-effect patterns of this hazardous phenomenon is important for the development of measures to reduce the negative consequences of fires. The considerable array of statistical information on fires and their consequences, which is annually collected and published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection, gives an opportunity to carry out a range of relevant statistical researches. The research objective is to study structural changes in fire spread in Ukraine’s regions for the last 9 years. The study is based on statistical data from 2013–2021 on fire spread in 24 regions and Kyiv city. In order to identify structural changes, their intensity was assessed using 5 indices: indicators of linear and quadratic coefficients of absolute structural breaks, Gatev’s coefficient of structural differences, Salai’s general indicator of structural changes and Ryabtsev index. By relying on the cluster analysis, homogeneous groups are identified following the number of fires and the causes of structural changes in the periods of maximum and minimum shifts are considered. The biggest difference in the number of fires occurred between the 2013 and 2019 pair. In this period, the estimated indices have reached the maximum value. In terms of the quadratic coefficient, significant structural shifts are characteristic of most pairs relative to 2013 and 2014. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev Index indicators, according to which the mentioned groups have a significant level of difference. Minimal structural changes are found for pairs 2013→2015; 2017→2018; 2015→2021 and 2020→2021. Linear approximation across all indices showed that structural shifts in the number of fires tended to increase. UPGMA-dendrogram was built on the basis of cluster analysis, which identified three homogeneous groups of regions according to the number of fires. A comparison of their numbers in 2013 and 2019 showed that the main structural shifts are formed by the first group, which included 6 areas: Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odessa, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk regions, and the city of Kyiv, i.e., administrative-territorial entities where the majority of the population resides, the main share of industrial production is produced, and the key energy capacities of the country are located. Significant structural shifts in fire numbers from 2013 to 2021 are common for all regions and the city of Kyiv of group I and all regions (except Kirovohrad) of group III. This observation is confirmed by the Ryabtsev coefficient values. All Group I and Group III areas have a substantial or significant level of variation in fire incidence patterns. In the second cluster, only 4 oblasts of Transcarpathian, Luhansk, Poltava and Chernihiv have a significant level of shifts. Available volume of statistical data allows extending structural analysis using other indicators of the state of fire safety, such as the number of fires in cities and villages, number of victims and injured, material losses from fires, number of fires per 10 thousand population, damage per 10 thousand population, etc.

The vast increase in the number of forced migrants during the European migration crisis has compelled the receiving countries to concentrate on the issues of migrant reception and accommodation. This study aims to demonstrate how the patterns of settlement of Syrian and Iraqi migrants changed in 2014—2019. We propose a new methodology, building on the Her­findahl-Hirschman index, an indicator of the level and direction of the spatial concentration—deconcentration of migrants, and the Ryabtsev index, which is used to measure the proximity between the settlement structures of migrants and the Swedes. It is established there was a deconcentration of migrants during the crisis (espe­cially in its ascendant phase), carried out by the Swedish authorities. However a reverse process took place in the descendant phase, as a result of self-arranged migrants’ resettlement. The deconcentration of Iraqis and Syrians led to the convergence between the settlement structure typical of immigrants and the Swedes, whilst concentration resulted in divergence accompanied by the emergence of close-knit immi­grant communities on the outskirts of Sweden’s largest cities. The formation of such communi­ties, seen as vulnerable by the national authorities and marked by a high crime rate, impedes the integration of Syrian and Iraqi immigrants into Swedish society.

The differences and intensity of structural shifts in the sectoral structure of the gross value added of the economy of the subjects of the Ural Federal District are assessed using the Ryabtsev index. Five approaches to assessing such differences are proposed. The Ural Federal District’s sectoral structure differs by far from that of the Russian Federation. The study identifies the Ural Federal District’s subjects with the great-est and least similarity to the sectoral structure of the Ural Federal District as a whole, as well as those with the greatest and least differences from the sectoral structure of the Ural Federal District’s subject that has the prevalent share in the structure of the gross regional product of the district. The insignificance of annual shifts in the sectoral structure of the Russian Federation, Ural Federal District, and its subjects, which took place in 2016‒2020, has been established. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In practice, the results obtained may help solve a set of issues related to spatial development by establishing a comprehensive structural policy for the Ural Federal District’s subjects.

The aim of the study was to identify the key trends in the structural development of industrial production in the regions of the Russian Arctic. Based on the share of industrial activity in the gross value added, the total volume of investment in fixed capital, and the number of employees, the authors analyzed structural shifts and assessed changes in the structure of industrial production in nine regions that are fully or partially located in the Russian Arctic. To quantitatively measure structural transformations, we used indices such as the structural shift mass, the index of the difference between two structures (Ryabtsev index), and the quadratic coefficient of absolute structural shifts (Kazinets index). The study found that over the period 2005–2020, the main trend in the structural transformations of industrial production in the regions of the Russian Arctic was the growing economic dominance and investment attractiveness of industries associated with the extraction of minerals. It is shown that the pace of structural shifts in the industry of the Arctic regions had a clear dependence on the phase of the economic cycle: during crises, the deviations of the shares of structural elements in all the structures under study increased markedly compared to the subsequent periods of economic activity. This dependence confirms the significant transformational impact of geopolitical and geoeconomic processes on the existing system of economic activity in the Arctic, indicating the need for further research on this topic in light of the recent large-scale crises of 2020–2022. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the use of multiple parameters that allow for assessing the scale of structural transformations taking place in the industrial production of Arctic regions more fully and deeply. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results in developing regional strategies and programs for the socioeconomic development of the Arctic.

Denmark is one of the most attractive European countries for immigrants due to its high level of socio-economic and political development. However, an increase in the migration burden has led to a tightening of the country’s migration legislation, aimed primarily at limiting the flow of migrants from non-Western countries, preventing segregation, and ensuring the successful integration of migrants into the host society. This study aims to analyse the distribution of immigrants and their descendants in Denmark, focusing on migrants from African countries (Somalia, Morocco, Egypt, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Eritrea) between 2010 and 2023. The authors examine legislative changes in Danish migration policy and analyse data from the Danish Statistical Office regarding migration trends and the geographic distribution of both the native population and individuals of foreign origin across second-level administrative units (communes). The research methodology employs the Herfindahl–Hirschman index to assess the degree of territorial concentration of people of African descent, alongside the Ryabtsev index to measure the similarity between the settlement patterns of migrants and their descendants from Africa and those of Denmark’s indigenous population. The results indicate a decrease in the territorial concentration of the African population in Denmark, as well as a convergence between the settlement patterns of African migrants and Danish-origin residents. However, the intensity of these processes varies significantly based on immigrants’ status, duration of residence in Denmark, and the size of specific African diasporas. Despite the observed deconcentration and increased settlement integration, the African population, particularly individuals of Somali and Moroccan descent, continues to exhibit high levels of territorial exclusion and segregation. Their settlement patterns are often concentrated in ‘vulnerable residential areas’, which still reflect significant socio-spatial disparities.

In this investigation the authors explore the problems of spatial development and functioning of agglomeration formations, as well as the transformation and complication of the spatial structure of urban areas, expanding the understanding of urbanized residential areas from the point of view of the life support of society and the functioning of the modern economy. On the example of the case of Shanghai, one of the largest centers of population and economic resources concentration in China, the achievement of the status of a global city is considered through the prism of participation in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Related problems are also identified that require solutions to be found in the process of spatial planning. The prospect of reaching a population of 34 million by 2050 necessitates the transformation of Shanghai into an innovative city with a high quality of life, for which the authorities are striving to adapt to international trends from both a socio-economic and environmental point of view. The paper discusses the prospects for the optimized use of the territory, the “three spaces” (environmental, agricultural and urban). As a criterion for assessing the level of socio-economic development, the calculation of the coefficient of specialization is used, which, in combination with the calculation of the Ryabtsev index, makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the structure of the economy over a 10-year period. The results indicate both the prevalence and the strengthening of the role of the tertiary sector, confirming the transition of the Shanghai economy to the post-industrial stage.

Denmark is one of the most attractive European countries for immigrants due to its highlevel of socio-economic and political development. However, an increase in the migrationburden has led to a tightening of the country’s migration legislation, aimed primarily atlimiting the flow of migrants from non-Western countries, preventing segregation, andensuring the successful integration of migrants into the host society. This study aims toanalyse the distribution of immigrants and their descendants in Denmark, focusing on migrants from African countries (Somalia, Morocco, Egypt, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Eritrea) between 2010 and 2023. The authors examine legislativechanges in Danish migration policy and analyse data from the Danish Statistical Officeregarding migration trends and the geographic distribution of both the native populationand individuals of foreign origin across second-level administrative units (communes).The research methodology employs the Herfindahl–Hirschman index to assess the degreeof territorial concentration of people of African descent, alongside the Ryabtsev indexto measure the similarity between the settlement patterns of migrants and their descendants from Africa and those of Denmark’s indigenous population. The results indicate adecrease in the territorial concentration of the African population in Denmark, as wellas a convergence between the settlement patterns of African migrants and Danish-originresidents. However, the intensity of these processes varies significantly based on immigrants’ status, duration of residence in Denmark, and the size of specific African diasporas. Despite the observed deconcentration and increased settlement integration, theAfrican population, particularly individuals of Somali and Moroccan descent, continues to exhibit high levels of territorial exclusion and segregation. Their settlement patternsare often concentrated in ‘vulnerable residential areas’, which still reflect significantsocio-spatial disparities

The social responsibility of religious organizations in modern conditions is reflected in a variety of activities carried out by religious institutions and differ depending on both the confessional affiliation of these institutions and the specific structural territorial unit where they take place. The presented work is devoted to a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of the manifestation of one of the directions of social responsibility of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark (ELCD), associated with minimizing the consequences of COVID-19 on the example of its individual dioceses. The dioceses characterized by the highest proportion of adherents in the population structure (Diocese of Viborg, Ribe, Aalborg and Lolland-Faster) were selected to clearly reflect the trends taking place. The subject of the study is the social activitiesof the ELCD to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 for parishioners, the features of the implementation of which are considered on the example of structural units at the regional  level. The article substantiates the increased importance of the ELCD in the development of the region, since the designated institution largely assumes the social obligations of the state (duplicates several functions) in connection with the risks of the spread of coronavirus infection. To achieve the goal, methods of analysis of factual and economic-statistical information, comparative comparison were used. The experience of a religious organization in dealing with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is of interest to the public, government bodies and authorities, as well as religious organizations in other countries. The results of the studycan be useful in developing a strategy for the development of state-religious relations in Russia, where there are trends of strengthening the social and economic role of religious organizations.

Aim. Is to present a comprehensive characterisation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF), which is the dominant confessional space of the country. One of the semantic emphases is the territorial differentiation of indicators reflecting structural changes in the religious organisation under consideration at the present stage.Procedure and methods. The empirical data were collected on the official website of the ELCF, which, being a state structure, obligatorily records and publishes them in the public domain. The obtained quantitative data were processed with the help of calculation tools, traditional for regional-confessional studies. The main methods used were cartographic, descriptive, and mathematical and statistical. In order to identify the degree of regional differentiation of the changes that the dominant of the confessional space of Finland has undergone in recent decades, the calculation of the Ryabtsev index was used (it allows us to estimate the deviation of the ratios of the fixed actual set of components of the two structures from the maximum possible amount of discrepancy). On the basis of the quantitative data obtained, conclusions have been drawn about the nature of significant changes within the dominant character of the contemporary confessional space in Finland. The statistical material, which has not been previously involved in research on confessional topics, is generalised.Results. The indicators of the negative dynamics of the number of parishioners of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in recent decades are reflected. A decrease in the degree of activity of their religiously conditioned behavior is confirmed. The territorial differentiation in the degree of manifestation of the activity of the majority religious organization is revealed.Research implications. For the first time, the approbation of the institutional-territorial approach to confessional research in relation to the dominant religious space of Finland was presented. The results obtained can be used in practice in the development of a strategy for religiousstate relations at the national and regional levels. Especially taking into account the recorded decrease in confidence in the majority religious organization of Russia - the Russian Orthodox Church.

The article deals with methodological and methodological issues of comparative analysis of age structures of the population, identification of the level of their unevenness due to structural demographic waves. The benchmark for comparison is the age structure of the population, built on the series of "Numbers living in this age interval" from the "Tables of mortality and life expectancy" of Rosstat. The coefficients existing in the practice of socio-economic analysis for measuring the structural differences of the series are considered. These coefficients are studied from the standpoint of the possibility of their application for measuring structural demographic waves in Russia as a whole and in its regions. These coefficients are necessary not only to measure and compare the degree of differences, unevenness of the age structures of the population of separate territories, but also to monitor this situation over time. The latter is necessary to develop policies to smooth out the structural demographic waves. The index (1-R) proposed in the article, showing the residual value of covariance not described by the coefficient of determination, can be used at the stage of preliminary analysis of the differences in structures, since it is instantly calculated using application programs and gives a general picture of the level of unevenness of the series, ranks them on this basis. In our opinion, the most adequate measure of differences in structures is the coefficient of unevenness (Kn), calculated by analogy with the coefficient of variation. It is preferable at the main stage of comparative analysis, as it reveals the average relative measure of the unevenness of pairs of series, is simple and understandable in interpretation. Three other similar coefficients (Gatev, Salai, Ryabtsev) can be used as a supplement to confirm the adequacy of the comparative analysis, as well as for an overall assessment of the degree of discrepancy between the series using the scale familiar to the end user from zero to one. All five coefficients for measuring the degree of unevenness of structural series are suitable not only for studying the age structural waves of the population of the country and its regions, but also for comparing the age structures of the population of different territories with each other. The conclusions to the article contain recommendations for building a path for the most effective smoothing of the demographic structural waves in Russia with the help of differentiated in time and regional demographic policy in the field of fertility and immigration.

The article discusses formation of an innovation system within the Volga-Ural macro-region. The scientific novelty of the work lies is the methodology for determining the flexibility of innovative component of the manufacturing industry in the region. The relevance of the research is determined by the need for a paradigm shift to the analysis of horizontal integration of regions, including in terms of innovation. Such integration will create prerequisites for an active flow of knowledge and the spread of innovations. The main properties of the territorial innovation system are formulated, including openness, innovation orientation, structural flexibility, and internal connectivity. The requirements for the functions and regional parameters in such a system are justified, and the advantages of large regions-subjects of the Russian Federation as innovative cores are emphasized.The main research methods, in addition to structural and spatial analysis and synthesis, were the calculation of structural coefficients in the economy and scientific and applied sphere for the Volga-Ural macro-region (Orenburg, Penza, Saratov, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan). In particular, we use the Ryabtsev index, the coefficient of specialization (per capita production), and the coefficient of the use of advanced production technologies. The article analyzes structural shifts in innovative production in the manufacturing industries of these regions in the period 2010– 2019. This tool allows us to study the degree of manufacturing flexibility of the RF subjects of the Volga-Ural macro-region and the dynamics of their innovative development (ascending or descending) as well as the degree of its co-directionality.The analysis shows heterogeneity of the macro-region in economic and innovative terms. The regions that differ most from others in the structure of the innovation industry are identified (Bashkortostan and the Orenburg region). It is shown that the most positive dynamics is typical of Bashkortostan whereas a number of other regions face innovation degradation. The article considers the prospects of Ulyanovsk and Samara regions as generators of knowledge and innovation in the macro-region.The results of the study can be used in business (identifying the region with the most flexible economic structure as an innovative attractive one) and in state spatial planning (determining the composition of macro-regions). Such research is relevant for any macro-regions in the country.

Ensuring the financial autonomy of local government bodies is an important component for creating conditions on accelerating the development of individual territories of the country and increasing the efficiency of their use. Creation of mechanisms for providing sufficient amounts of financial resources, activities of the above-mentioned authorities require thorough research in this area, especially within the study of foreign experience by building budget systems and organizing redistribution of financial resources between their individual components at different levels. Experience of federative countries is particularly significant in this area. The outlined confirms the relevance of the chosen topic of the article. Accordingly, the following goal of the research was set – to identify structural features and trends in the transformation of budget revenues at the local level of public administration in federative countries from 2000 to 2015. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the revenues structure of local government in federative countries; to analyse main tendencies of the change of the specified structure during 2000–2015; to apply cluster analysis in order to identify groups of countries that are similar to the processes of revenue generation of local government budgets in federative countries. Methodology. Statistics for assessment of budgetary revenue’s breakdown in several federative countries by the IMF data was processed, assessment of breakdown transformation with the use of the Ryabtsev index was done, and similarity and distinctions of revenue’s breakdown in different countries with the use of the hierarchical cluster analysis was investigated. Outcomes. It was found that among the analysed federative countries, the own tax revenue has a significant share (higher than 30% in a breakdown of all revenue) only in Belgium, Germany, Australia, Canada, and also in Bosnia and Herzegovina; the inter-budgetary transfers take the main position in financing of local budgets in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Russia, and Brazil; own non-tax revenues in local budgets are significant only in Australia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was proved that in fifteen years only in Russia, the opposite type of revenues breakdown sources was created and it demonstrates shifting to the centralization of public finance. It was also revealed that in 2000, the countries’ cluster structure by breakdown sign had obviously expressed group character, but further it evolved from a group structure to the step structure displaying specifics in the formation of local budgets’ revenues in each country. Practical implications. Practical outcomes of the study are analytical information on the structure of revenues of local government in federative countries, which may be useful by introducing new mechanisms for increasing the financial autonomy of local self-government. In addition, the obtained data may be useful for other not federative countries in terms of studying peculiarities of the formation of budget revenues of local government and analysis of the impact of such revenues on the socio-economic development of separate territories. Value/originality. The conducted study is relevant given the importance of developing local government in federative countries and providing it with the necessary financial resources for independent self-functioning. The data obtained during the research implementation are of practical value and can be used in the process of implementing measures to increase the financial independence of budget revenues at the level of local self-government in federative countries. This research was carried out within the framework of the scientific work performing of the Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance of the Chernihiv National University of Technology on the following topics: “Financial stability of economic systems in crisis management” (No. 0115U001149) and “Theoretical and applied aspects on financial provision of the national economy” (State Registration No. 0113U002741).

This article examines the impact of digital transformation on changes in the sectoral structure of Ukraine’s economy, other post‑communist countries, and countries with highly developed economies. Firstly, we estimate the structural changes and differences in the sectoral model by gross value‑added and sectoral employment model by country using Ryabtsev’s index. Secondly, we calculated the forecast of changes in the researched economies' sectoral structures for 2021 and 2025 using discrete Markov processes. The forecasts made it possible to determine the direction of socio‑economic progress of highly developed and post‑communist countries. Thirdly, assuming that the development of ICT technologies caused the sectoral changes identified as a result of the assessment, we analyzed available level ratings of the digital transformation of the selected economies and named global trends in ICT. Finally, we determined the impact of the ICT index on the substantiality of sectoral changes in the economies of post‑communist countries and countries with highly developed economies. The study results allowed us to conclude that digital technology development affects the economy’s structural changes indirectly due to the reallocation of labor resources from one sector to another. The article substantiates the need to improve the economy’s sectoral model by adding industries related exclusively to the digital economy.