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Journal articles on the topic 'Ryegrass'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

NARASIMHALU, P., H. T. KUNELIUS, K. A. WINTER, and K. B. McRAE. "COMPOSITION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF TIMOTHY AND ITALIAN AND WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS SILAGES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-014.

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Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and Italian and Westerwolds ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were harvested as first-cut wilted silages in 1979 and 1980 and were compared on the basis of composition, intake and digestibility. Timothy silage had more cell wall content and was less digestible than the annual ryegrass silages in both years (P < 0.05). Seeding year timothy was consumed less than Aubade ryegrass in 1979 but the postseeding year timothy silage was equal in intake to 1980 Aubade silage but inferior to Italian ryegrass in digestible protein content and also intake (P < 0.05). L

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Narasimhalu, P., H. T. Kunelius, and K. B. McRae. "Herbage yield, leafiness and water-soluble carbohydrate content, and silage composition and utilization in sheep of first- and second-cut Italian and Westerwolds ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (1992): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-091.

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Italian ryegrasses, cultivars Barmultra and Lemtal, and Westerwolds ryegrasses, cultivars Barspectra, Merwester and Promenade, (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were harvested as first- and second-cut herbages and compared for yield, leafiness and water-soluble carbohydrate content during the 2-yr study. These herbages were conserved as silages and compared for chemical composition and for intake, digestibility, and total-N retention in sheep. First-cut ryegrass yielded more dry matter than second-cut ryegrass (3.3 vs. 2.6 t ha−1). First-cut ryegrass silages contained less dry matter and NDF, and shee

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3

Yamashita, M., K. Uchiyama, T. Matsuda, H. Tobina, H. Sawada, and K. Sugawara. "Distribution of Neotyphodium endophytes in naturalised ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) in Japan." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3094.

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Introduced Lolium grasses are utilised in Japan for forage, turf and soil conservation. Many of these grasses have become naturalised in disturbed ecosystems. Neotyphodium endophytes in the tissues of grasses can increase host fitness by increasing tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, endophyte infection may be a factor enhancing invasion success of exotic grasses in the Japanese islands. We detected infection by Neotyphodium endophytes in 162 of 173 naturalised ryegrass populations in Japan. Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) had a higher infection rate than perennial r

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4

Popay, A. J., K. Rijswijk, and S. L. Goldson. "Argentine stem weevil: farmer awareness and the effectiveness of different ryegrass/endophyte associations." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.570.

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Abstract Argentine stem weevil (ASW) is a highly destructive pest of ryegrass that has recently been associated with increased incidences of field damage. A survey of farmer awareness and management practices in relation to this pest was carried out. Many (47%) farmers sowed favoured plant hosts such as short-term and tetraploid ryegrasses. A field trial, undertaken near Hamilton, compared the effects on ASW larval damage of 10 different ryegrass/endophyte associations in comparison with an endophyte-free control with and without seed treatment. U2 endophyte in a diploid perennial festulolium

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5

Thompson, D. J., D. G. Stout, Z. Mir, and T. Moore. "Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 1 (1992): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-016.

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Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the fir

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6

Rogers, ME, and WM Lush. "Comparisons of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions grown as turfs (lawns)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (1989): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890549.

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Accessions of Victorian perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown as turfs were inferior to or no better than European and North American ryegrasses developed specifically for turf. This applied to all aspects of their growth, except those of germination (which was faster, especially at temperatures around 12�C), thatch accumulation (which was less), and in their possession of an entophytic fungus, Acremonium loliae, which in the longer term could be associated with greater persistence. At the seedling stage, Victorian and turf ryegrasses produced similar dry weights, but the Victorian ryeg

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Cooper, B. M., D. E. Hume, K. A. Panckhurst, and A. J. Popay. "Agronomic response of Italian ryegrasses infected with different Neotyphodium strains." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3147.

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Italian (Lolium multiflorum) and short-term hybrid ryegrasses (L. boucheanum) are utilised by farmers for their reliable establishment and yield potential for winter feeding, but lack summer production and persistence. To improve the performance of these ryegrasses, endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) strains from perennial ryegrass were inoculated into several cultivars and evaluated for agronomic performance in the Northland region of New Zealand. 'Moata' tetraploid Italian ryegrass families usually showed a reduction in yield when infected with the AR5 strain compared with endophyte-free Moata.

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8

Marley, C. L., W. J. Fisher, D. W. R. Davies, J. M. Moorby, J. C. MacRae, and M. K. Theodorou. "Effect of two contrasting ryegrass varieties and their management on the performance of finishing lambs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001053x.

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Perennial ryegrass varieties bred to express high water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations have been shown to improve liveweight gain in pre-weaned lambs of grazing ewes (Lee et al., 2001) compared to conventional ryegrass. Studies have shown that the largest differential in WSC between ryegrass varieties bred for high WSC concentrations and control ryegrasses occurs 5-6 weeks after the plant is allowed to re-grow following cutting or grazing (Miller et al., 2001). Therefore, the benefits, in terms of lamb performance, of using these grasses with high WSC concentrations may be best achi

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9

Lowe, KF, and TM Bowdler. "Growth, persistence, and rust sensitivity of irrigated perennial temperate grasses in the Queensland subtropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950571.

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The growth, persistence, and rust sensitivity of a range of temperate grasses were measured to assess their potential for irrigated pastures in the subtropics. Characteristics considered important for adaptation to the subtropics include a relatively even growth rate throughout the year, rust tolerance, and the ability to persist under humid conditions. Cultivars and experimental lines from Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), L. rnultiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Festuca arundiizacea (fescue), Festuca x Lolium (festulolium), Bromus spp. (prairie grass and bromes), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)

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Sun, Xuezhao, Ao Chen, and Jianping Li. "Chemical, Physical, and Degradation Characteristics of Ryegrass Cultivars Grown in Autumn and Winter for Dairy Cows." Animals 13, no. 20 (2023): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203158.

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During winter and early spring, pasture supply is usually lower than the demand in New Zealand dairy farming systems and thus the ‘autumn saved pastures’ (stockpiling) are introduced to fill the gap. This study aimed to investigate the chemical, physical, and degradation characteristics of ryegrass pastures, the predominant forage in New Zealand, grown in autumn and winter. To serve as ‘autumn saved pasture’, nine ryegrass cultivars, comprising three types (three perennial, three hybrid, and three Italian), were grown in late autumn (Autumn) and early winter (Winter) and harvested after 7 and

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11

Gao, Y., and D. Wilman. "Leaf development in eight related grasses." Journal of Agricultural Science 123, no. 1 (1994): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067757.

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SummaryLeaf development was studied in eight related grasses, grown in field swards cut at 5-week intervals, during the year of sowing and the subsequent year (1989 and 1990). The rate of leaf expansion was in the order Westerwolds ryegrass > Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue > hybrid ryegrass > perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The order of grasses was similar, but not identical, for rate of leaf appearance, rate of leaf extension, weig

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12

Wu, Di, Xiao-Ling Wang, Xi-Xia Zhu, et al. "Effect of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Strains That Coexist in Rhizosphere Soil on Italian Ryegrass Regrowth." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (2022): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112122.

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Potted Italian ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum L.) were used to investigate the effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) strain that coexisted in rhizosphere soil on Italian ryegrass regrowth. The results showed that the isolated and screened AOB strain (S2_8_1) had 100% similarity to Ensifer sesbaniae. The inoculation of S2_8_1 on day 44 before defoliation caused its copy number in rhizosphere soils to increase by 83–157% from day 34 before defoliation to day 14 after defoliation compared with that in Italian ryegrass without S2_8_1 inoculation, indicating that S2_8_1 coexisted permanently

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13

Fletcher, L. R. ""Non-toxic" endophytes in ryegrass and their effect on livestock health and production." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3393.

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Ryegrass/endophyte associations have been developed which produce peramine, but not the endophyte toxins ergovaline or lolitrem B. Sheep grazing these ryegrasses in small paddocks and in a systems trial over three years gained weight as rapidly as those grazing endophyte-free ryegrass, and showed none of the adverse responses associated with grazing ryegrass naturally infected with wild-type endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii). Growth rates, rectal temperatures, respiration rates, serum prolactin concentrations, ryegrass staggers scores and scores for dag burdens were equivalent for the selected en

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Hume, D. E. "Establishing and maintaining a toxin-free pasture: a review." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3390.

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This paper reviews how new pastures may become contaminated with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with wild-type fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium lolii). These wild-type endophyte strains may be toxic to domestic livestock. Sources are from seed (natural reseeding, buried seed, sown seed, in dung, hay, carried on farm machinery) and survival of existing infected ryegrass plants. In particular, seed in soil and dung are reviewed. Contamination may occur both pre- and postestablishment. It is recommended that steps should be taken to minimise contamination from all sources when establ

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15

Cagaš, B. "Perennial ryegrass Zekol." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45, No. 3 (2009): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2009-cjgpb.

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16

Thom, Errol R., Alison J. Popay, David E. Hume, and Lester R. Fletcher. "Evaluating the performance of endophytes in farm systems to improve farmer outcomes - a review." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 10 (2012): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12152.

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The main plant species relied on for forage supply to grazing animals in New Zealand and south-eastern Australia is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Perennial ryegrass has evolved with a fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii, Latch, Christensen & Samuals) that occupies intercellular spaces, and is nourished by its host. The endophyte (referred to as standard or wild-type) provides the plant with protection from a range of insect pests by producing alkaloids, some of which are also toxic to grazing animals, causing ryegrass staggers and/or exacerbating heat stress. Over the last 20 ye

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17

Cosgrove, G. P., P. S. Taylor, and A. Jonker. "Sheep performance on perennial ryegrass cultivars differing in concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.491.

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High-sugar perennial ryegrass cultivars (HSG) selected for higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate may enhance animal production and reduce emissions of methane and nitrogen. Assessing the effects on economic output and environmental footprint is most robust when related to production per unit of land. Average daily gain (ADG) and liveweight gain per hectare (LWG/ha) of sheep grazing a high-sugar perennial ryegrass cultivar, a diploid perennial ryegrass and a tetraploid perennial ryegrass were compared during measurement periods conducted in spring (84 days duration), autumn (99 da

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18

Gunnarsson, M., T. K. James, R. J. Chynoweth, and M. P. Rolston. "An evaluation of the resistance of annual and perennial ryegrass to herbicides." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 24, 2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.45.

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Ryegrass, both perennial (Lolium perenne) and annual (L. multiflorum), can be weeds in other arable crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). They are generally removed using selective herbicides, but herbicide-resistant perennial and annual ryegrasses have been reported anecdotally. Perennial ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were sourced from near Methven, Canterbury. They were evaluated for tolerance to five herbicides and were found to be resistant to all of them. In a separate experiment, annual ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were al

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19

Tharmaraj, J., D. F. Chapman, J. Hill, J. L. Jacobs, and B. R. Cullen. "Increasing home-grown forage consumption and profit in non-irrigated dairy systems. 2. Forage harvested." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12296.

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A dairy farmlet experiment was conducted at Terang in south-west Victoria, Australia, over 4 years to test the hypothesis that a 30% increase in forage harvested per ha could be achieved in a production system that incorporated a range of Complementary Forages with perennial ryegrass (CF) compared with a well managed perennial ryegrass-only farmlet (‘Ryegrass Max’, RM). The CF farmlet included perennial ryegrass pasture (44% of the farmlet area on average over 4 years), but also incorporated oversowing perennial ryegrass with short-term ryegrasses (average 16% of farmlet area) to increase wint

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20

Lowe, K. F., T. M. Bowdler, N. D. Casey, and R. J. Moss. "Performance of temperate perennial pastures in the Australian subtropics 1. Yield, persistence and pasture quality." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98021.

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Summary. Irrigated, pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn), prairie grass (Bromus willdenodii cv. Matua) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. AU Triumph) were compared with Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum cv. Concord) under grazing in the subtropics of south-east Queensland. Pastures were fertilised with 50 kg nitrogen/ha . month as urea and annual dressings of 20 kg phosphorus/ha and 50 kg potassium/ha (as superphosphate and muriate of potash, respectively). There were 4 pasture treatments grazed by multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows at 3 cows/ha in a 1-week-on, 3-

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Wilman, D., Y. Gao, and M. A. K. Altimimi. "Differences between related grasses, times of year and plant parts in digestibility and chemical composition." Journal of Agricultural Science 127, no. 3 (1996): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600078473.

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SUMMARYTrue dry matter digestibility, proportion of cell content, digestibility of cell wall, N and water-soluble carbohydrate were determined in eight related grasses in February, June and September in each of three years. In a separate experiment, true dry matter digestibility, proportion of cell content and digestibility of cell wall were determined in five plant parts of vegetative tillers of two grasses in February, April, June, August, October and December in each of two years.Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was the most digestible grass and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and West

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22

Mcneill, M. R., D. E. Hume, R. Ashby, et al. "Ryegrass production in Wairarapa, New Zealand: is biological control of Argentine stem weevil important?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3148.

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To investigate the interaction between Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis), its parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae, fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and its grass host, four endophyte-ryegrass (Lolium perenne) treatments were established on four farms in Wairarapa in autumn 2003. A diploid ryegrass contained either wild-type or AR1 endophyte or was endophytefree, while a tetraploid ryegrass contained AR1 endophyte. Wild-type, AR1 and endophyte-free ryegrasses average 52%, 91% and 2% endophyte-infected tillers for the 3 years of measurement. Moderate increases over time in the pr

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23

Rogers, ME. "Variation in turf-type morphological characters within Lolium perenne L. cv. Victorian." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 4 (1989): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890851.

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Aspects of plant morphology and flowering were measured in a spaced-plant collection of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cv. Victorian in order to assess the possibility of improving this cultivar for turf. The Victorian perennial ryegrass collection was also compared with a smaller collection of fine-leafed turf ryegrasses. Within cv. Victorian, positive phenotypic correlations were found betwecn the character�s leaf length and width, leaf length and sheath length, leafwidth and sheath length, leafwidth and leaf tensile strength, and leafiness (leaf number per unit ground area) and angl

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EVANS, D. R., T. A. WILLIAMS, S. JONES, and S. A. EVANS. "The effect of cutting and intensive grazing managements on sward components of contrasting ryegrass and white clover types when grown in mixtures." Journal of Agricultural Science 130, no. 3 (1998): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185969800536x.

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A field experiment was established at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), Aberystwyth, to compare the seasonal growth and annual yields of two white clovers when grown with each of five perennial ryegrasses. Swards were subjected to two contrasting defoliation managements, namely cutting only and continuous grazing with sheep. In addition to data recorded on dry matter yields of the swards, the effect of management on growth and development of white clover stolons and tillering of ryegrasses was also studied in the third harvest year. The management of the swards had

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25

Gerard, Philippa J., and Ela Hiszczyńska-Sawicka. "Impact of guttation fluid from perennial ryegrass infected with different strains of Epichloe festucae var. lolii endophyte on Microctonus aethiopoides adult longevity." New Zealand Plant Protection 75 (September 20, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11756.

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grows in association with a fungal endophyte Epichloe festucae var. lolii (Latch, Christensen & Samuels) Bacon & Schardl, which produces alkaloids that protect the grass against grazing by mammals and insects. These alkaloids are found in guttation fluid (xylem sap exuded from leaves through special structures known as hydathodes) and have the potential to impact on beneficial invertebrates in pastoral ecosystems. Newly emerged adults of the parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were supplied with guttation fluid from

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Wilman, D., and Y. Gao. "Herbage production and tiller density in five related grasses, their hybrids and mixtures." Journal of Agricultural Science 127, no. 1 (1996): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077376.

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SUMMARYFour grass species, three hybrids and three mixtures were grown in field swards near Aberystwyth. All swards were amply supplied with nutrients and were cut at 5-week intervals during the year of sowing (1989) and during the following 4 years. The order of the grasses in rate of establishment was: Westerwolds ryegrass > Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) > Italian ryegrass × perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) > perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) > tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). D

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27

Kon, K. F., G. B. Follas, and D. E. James. "Seed dormancy and germination phenology of grass weeds and implications for their control in cereals." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4597.

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Seeds of Italian ryegrass perennial ryegrass wild oat winter wild oat phalaris and barnyard grass collected during the 2005/06 season were tested for dormancy and germination phenology between April and December 2006 In laboratory and outdoor environments dormancy was widespread in grass weed but not in ryegrass seeds The seeds of grass weeds had better germination in the outdoor environment than the laboratory In the outdoor environment only 15 of wild oat and winter wild oat 1963 of phalaris and 39 of barnyard grass seed germinated Protracted germination varied between species in two to seve

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Evans, D. R., M. O. Humphreys, and T. A. Williams. "Forage yield and quality interactions between white clover and contrasting ryegrass varieties in grazed swards." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 3 (1996): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600074840.

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SUMMARYThe impact of white clover on seasonal yield and nutritive value traits in perennial ryegrass was investigated using six ryegrass varieties which expressed contrasting levels of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC). These were sown in an upland environment at Syfydrin, near Aberystwyth, in mixtures with white clover and in monocultures. Plots were grazed by sheep and sampled during 1991–93. Grass yields in mixtures and monocultures were similar except during mid to late summer when clover contents were high. White clover had a considerably lower WSC content but a much higher crude protein (

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Thomas, H., and M. O. Humphreys. "Progress and potential of interspecific hybrids of Lolium and Festuca." Journal of Agricultural Science 117, no. 1 (1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600078916.

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SUMMARYThe Lolium-Festuca complex of related species provides a wide range of variation for the development of versatile grasses adapted to meet the changing requirements of livestock farming. Various approaches have been used in order to harness the full potential of this variation. Tetraploid hybrids between the two ryegrass species L. perenne and L. multiflorum have resulted in stable and successful commercial varieties. Hybrids between more distantly related ryegrass and fescue species have demonstrated useful combinations of traits from both parents. Chromosome doubling is necessary in th

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Bowdler, T. M., N. D. Casey, R. J. Moss, and K. F. Lowe. "Performance of temperate perennial pastures in the Australian subtropics 2. Milk production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98022.

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Summary. Milk production from irrigated, pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn), prairie grass (Bromus willdenodii cv. Matua) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. AU Triumph) were compared with that achieved from Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum cv. Concord) over 3 lactations of multiparous Holstein–Friesian cows at Mutdapilly in south-east Queensland. Pastures were fertilised with 50 kg nitrogen/ha . month as urea and annual dressings of 20 kg phosphorus/ha and 50 kg potassium/ha (as superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). There were 4 pasture treatments

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31

Marcar, NE. "Salt tolerance in the genus Lolium (ryegrass) during germination and growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870297.

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Two studies were undertaken, one to evaluate the degree of genotypic variation for salt tolerance within the Lolium (ryegrass) genus, and the other to compare the responses of three representative ryegrass species (Wimmera (L. rigidum), Italian (L. muttiforum) and perennial (L. perenne) ryegrass) with those of two known salt-tolerant grasses, tall wheat grass (Elytrigia pontica) and saltmarsh grass (Puccinellia ciliafa). Both germination and growth responses to increasing concentrations of NaCl were assessed under controlled environment conditions: seeds were germinated in petri dishes, and pl

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Bararpour, Mohammad T., Jason K. Norsworthy, Nilda R. Burgos, Nicholas E. Korres, and Edward E. Gbur. "Identification and Biological Characteristics of Ryegrass (Loliumspp.) Accessions in Arkansas." Weed Science 65, no. 3 (2017): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2016.28.

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Italian ryegrass is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. Field studies were conducted at Fayetteville, AR, to assess morphological characteristics of ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and differences among otherLoliumspp.: Italian, rigid, poison, and perennial ryegrass. Plant height, plant growth habit, plant stem color, and node color were recorded every 2 wk until maturity. The number of tillers per plant, spikes per plant, and seeds per plant were recorded at maturity. All ryegrass accessions from Arkansas were identified as Italian ryegrass, which had erect to prostrate grow

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Reid, D. "A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 2 (1985): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600056434.

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SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 c

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Serensits, Thomas, Matthew Cutulle, and Jeffrey F. Derr. "Persistence of Overseeded Cool-Season Grasses in Bermudagrass Turf." International Journal of Agronomy 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/496892.

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Cool-season grass species are commonly overseeded into bermudagrass turf for winter color. When the overseeded grass persists beyond the spring; however, it becomes a weed. The ability of perennial ryegrass, Italian (annual) ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, and hybrid bluegrass to persist in bermudagrass one year after seeding was determined. Perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, and Italian ryegrass produced acceptable ground cover in the spring after fall seeding. Hybrid bluegrass did not establish well, resulting in unacceptable cover. Perennial ryegrass generally persisted the most on

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Evans, D. R., T. A. Williams, and S. A. Mason. "Residual N effect of grazed white clover (Trifolium repens)/ryegrass (Lolium perenne) swards on subsequent yields of spring barley." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (1992): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068751.

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SUMMARYResidual nitrogen from white clover/ryegrass swards and ryegrass monocultures was quantified in terms of the barley yield obtained after ploughing the swards. Clover/ryegrass swards based on small and medium-leaved cultivars of white clover and ryegrass monocultures were grazed continuously by sheep for 3 years (1984–87) at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth, ploughed in the following spring (1988) and then sown with the spring barley cultivar Doublet. Yield of barley obtained after clover/ryegrass mixtures was 50% greater than barley harvested after ryegrass monocultures. Ba

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Rogers, M. E., A. R. Lawson, and K. B. Kelly. "Summer production and survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) genotypes in northern Victoria under differing irrigation management." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18542.

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the predominant perennial forage species used in temperate irrigated dairy-production systems in Australia. However, when temperatures are high, even with optimal irrigation strategies and nutrient inputs, dry matter (DM) production can be compromised. This research investigated the effects of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue genotypes and summer irrigation on (DM) production and survival. Ten perennial ryegrass cultivars, three hybrid ryegrasses and two cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb) Darbysh.) were sown in northern Victoria,

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Pritchard, G., and G. Lewis. "Ryegrass staggers." Veterinary Record 137, no. 18 (1995): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.137.18.471.

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Trevathan, Larry E. "Ryegrass Blast." Plant Disease 78, no. 2 (1994): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-78-0113.

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Waterlot, Christophe, and Marie Hechelski. "Benefits of Ryegrass on Multicontaminated Soils Part 1: Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Metals." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185093.

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Effects of three phosphorus fertilizers on the shoot biomass and on the accumulation of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals in the shoots and roots of ryegrass were studied with two contaminated garden soils. Phosphates were added in sustainable quantities in order to reduce the environmental availability of carcinogenic metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and to enhance the bioavailability of alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as micronutrients needed by plants. Addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 was the most convenient way to (i) limit the concentration of Cd and Pb, (ii) keep constant the transfer

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Richardson, M. D. "Morphology, Turf Quality, and Heat Tolerance of Intermediate Ryegrass." HortScience 39, no. 1 (2004): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.170.

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Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf is often overseeded with a cool-season species such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to provide an improved winter surface for activities such as golf or athletic events. Perennial ryegrass can become a persistent weed in overseeded turf due to the heat and disease tolerance of improved cultivars. Intermediate ryegrass is a relatively new turfgrass that is a hybrid between perennial and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.). Very little information is available on intermediate ryegrass as an overseeding turf. Greenhouse, field, and growth chamber studi

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Tomazetti, Marcos Belinazzo, Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, João Paulo Sousa Gomes, et al. "Impact of ryegrass cover on lowland rice establishment." October 2021, no. 15(10):2021 (October 2, 2021): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2497.

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This study aimed to analyze the impact of ryegrass as a soil cover on soil moisture level, initial rice establishment, grain yield and weed control in irrigated rice planted after ryegrass. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in randomized blocks design with four replications. Ryegrass (cv. BRS Ponteio) was planted in autumn and glyphosate was used as a knockdown before rice planting. Ryegrass plants were cut at 0, 0.15, 0.30 or 0.45 m above ground, resulting in different mulching levels. Rice (cv. Irga 424 CL) was planted in spring and was managed according to local crop recom

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Sun, X. Z., G. C. Waghorn, J. H. B. Hatier, and H. S. Easton. "Genotypic variation in in sacco dry matter degradation kinetics in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11290.

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Fast degrading perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a desirable characteristic to select for because it can result in increased feed intake by grazing ruminants. Sufficient range in genotypic variation of dry matter (DM) degradation kinetics is a prerequisite for selection. To investigate the genotypic variation, 77 perennial ryegrass accessions sourced internationally, grown in autumn in the same conditions and harvested in the vegetative state, were examined using an in sacco technique. From the time course of DM disappearance, soluble fraction ‘A’, potentially degradable fraction ‘B’,

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Liebl, Rex, and A. Douglas Worsham. "Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 35, no. 6 (1987): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079406.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3–and K+was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3–by both species growing in nut

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Wäli, Piippa R., Marjo Helander, Oiva Nissinen, and Kari Saikkonen. "Susceptibility of endophyte-infected grasses to winter pathogens (snow molds)." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 7 (2006): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-075.

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Neotyphodium endophytes are suggested to be mutualistic symbionts of grasses and regarded as potential biological plant protection agents. We examined the effects of the Neotyphodium endophyte of meadow ryegrass on snow molds in vitro with dual cultures of endophyte and Typhula ishikariensis , and on grass–snow mold interactions in vivo in a greenhouse and in a field experiment. In dual cultures, the endophytes formed an inhibition zone and retarded the growth of T. ishikariensis. In the field experiment, however, the endophyte-infected (E+) meadow ryegrasses were more susceptible to T. ishika

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Bluett, S. J., E. R. Thom, D. A. Clark, and C. D. Waugh. "Effects of a novel ryegrass endophyte on pasture production, dairy cow milk production and calf liveweight gain." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 1 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03263.

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A 2-year evaluation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with wild endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii), AR1 endophyte or no endophyte was carried out in Hamilton, New Zealand. In contrast to wild endophyte-infected ryegrass, AR1-infected ryegrass does not produce the alkaloids lolitrem B or ergovaline. Annual pasture production was similar across endophyte treatments, averaging 18.3 t DM/ha in year 1 and 13.8 t DM/ha in year 2, and ryegrass tiller density and botanical composition were unaffected by endophyte status. A combined analysis of 3 short-term milk production tests in late sprin

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Serensits, Thomas, Matthew Cutulle, and Jeffrey F. Derr. "Impact of Overseeded Grass Species, Seeding Rate and Seeding Time on Establishment and Persistence in Bermudagrass." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 2 (2011): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.2.75.

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Abstract Cool-season grass species are often overseeded into bermudagrass turf for both aesthetics and functionality during the winter months. When the overseeded grass persists beyond the spring, however, it becomes a weed. Experiments were conducted to evaluate overseeded grass species and seeding rate on turf cover during the fall, spring, and summer. The ability of perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, and hybrid bluegrass to then persist in bermudagrass one year after seeding was determined. Both perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass produced acceptable ground cover in the spring after

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Musgrave, D. J. "Non-ryegrass pastures - the science and farmer practice." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3192.

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A review of recently published science demonstrates that relatively simple non-perennial ryegrass mixtures have performed well in environments as diverse as under deer grazing in Dunedin and the Manawatu, under sheep grazing in dryland mid-Canterbury, and under both irrigated and dryland dairy cow grazing in the Waikato and Northland. Animal productivity has been lifted by up to 30% in milk solids and 50% in deer liveweight gain in non-perennial ryegrass mixtures compared to perennial ryegrass-based pastures. In some cases, the ryegrass pasture has produced similar or more dry matter, yet anim

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Fletcher, L. R., B. L. Sutherland, and C. G. Fletcher. "The impact of endophyte on the health and productivity of sheep grazing ryegrass-based pastures." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 7 (January 1, 1999): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.7.1999.3403.

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The health and production of sheep grazing perennial ryegrass with and without wild-type endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) has been studied in several trials over a number of years. Lambs/ hoggets grazing predominantly perennial ryegrass swards with endophyte developed moderate to severe ryegrass staggers in summer and autumn, while those grazing endophyte-free ryegrass did not. Lambs/hoggets grazing ryegrass with endophyte also had more dags, lower growth rates, lower plasma prolactin levels, higher body temperatures and respiration rates under warm humid conditions. Most of these adverse respon

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SL, Liu, Cao ZH, and Liu HE. "Effect of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) growth on degradation of phenanthrene and enzyme activity in soil ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 6 (2013): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2013-pse.

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A 75-day pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of growth of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on degradation rate of spiked phenanthrene (the concentration was 5, 50, 200 mg/kg) in soil. The results showed that ryegrass growth enhanced the degradation of phenanthrene spiked in the soil, thus making the content of extractable phenanthrene lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the ryegrass planted pots than that of pots without ryegrass. In the treatments of 5, 50 and 200 mg/kg of phenanthrene, phenanthrene degradation rate reached 81.1, 90.4 and 85.0%, respectively, while in pots without ryegr

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Chapman, D. F., D. Beca, J. Hill, J. Tharmaraj, J. L. Jacobs, and B. R. Cullen. "Increasing home-grown forage consumption and profit in non-irrigated dairy systems. 4. Economic performance." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13186.

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The profitability of dairy farm systems in southern Australia is closely related to the amount of pasture grown and consumed on-farm by dairy cows. However, there are doubts regarding the extent to which gains in feed supply from perennial ryegrass pasture can continue to support productivity growth in the industry. A farmlet experiment was conducted in south-western Victoria for 4 years (June 2005–May 2009), comparing a production system based on the use of forage species that complement perennial ryegrass in their seasonal growth pattern (‘Complementary Forages’, or CF) with a well managed s

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