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Journal articles on the topic "Rymv"
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Akwero, A., M. H. Otim, M. Ochwo-Ssemakula, T. L. Odong, and J. Lamo. "Host Plant Reaction to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus and Allelic Diversity of RYMV1 Gene in Rice Cultivars in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 6 (2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n6p125.
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Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) disease is endemic to Africa where it affects rice production. Host plant resistance would form a cost effective and sustainable option for managing the disease. However, there is still lack of knowledge on the reaction of rice germplasm and the genetic basis of their resistance/susceptibility to RYMV coupled with lack of molecular markers to facilitate the development of RYMV resistant varieties. We screened 56 rice accessions drawn from breeding lines and varieties commercially cultivated in Uganda for their resistance/susceptibility to RYMV. We also sought to develop and validate allele specific markers for RYMV1 alleles. The rice accessions showed variation in their reaction to RYMV; 14, 12, 17 and 13 accessions were categorized as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible respectively. Among the resistant accessions, five possessed a single SNP (G/A) corresponding to the rymv1-2 allele. The new accessions can be deployed as resistant cultivars and/or used to introgress rymv1-2 allele into susceptible adapted cultivars throughout Africa. We developed two functional allele specific markers, which co-segregated with the rymv1-2 resistance allele in an F2 population and clearly differentiated between the susceptible and resistant individuals in the F2 population. The functional allele specific marker developed in this study can be used in MAS programs for introgression of rymv1-2 resistance allele.
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Hébrard, Eugénie, Agnès Pinel-Galzi, Aderonke Oludare, et al. "Identification of a Hypervirulent Pathotype of Rice yellow mottle virus: A Threat to Genetic Resistance Deployment in West-Central Africa." Phytopathology® 108, no. 2 (2018): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-17-0190-r.
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Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) causes high losses to rice production in Africa. Several sources of varietal high resistance are available but the emergence of virulent pathotypes that are able to overcome one or two resistance alleles can sometimes occur. Both resistance spectra and viral adaptability have to be taken into account to develop sustainable rice breeding strategies against RYMV. In this study, we extended previous resistance spectrum analyses by testing the rymv1-4 and rymv1-5 alleles that are carried by the rice accessions Tog5438 and Tog5674, respectively, against isolates that are representative of RYMV genetic and pathogenic diversity. Our study revealed a hypervirulent pathotype, named thereafter pathotype T′, that is able to overcome all known sources of high resistance. This pathotype, which is spatially localized in West-Central Africa, appears to be more abundant than previously suspected. To better understand the adaptive processes of pathotype T′, molecular determinants of resistance breakdown were identified via Sanger sequencing and validated through directed mutagenesis of an infectious clone. These analyses confirmed the key role of convergent nonsynonymous substitutions in the central part of the viral genome-linked protein to overcome RYMV1-mediated resistance. In addition, deep-sequencing analyses revealed that resistance breakdown does not always coincide with fixed mutations. Actually, virulence mutations that are present in a small proportion of the virus population can be sufficient for resistance breakdown. Considering the spatial distribution of RYMV strains in Africa and their ability to overcome the RYMV resistance genes and alleles, we established a resistance-breaking risk map to optimize strategies for the deployment of sustainable and resistant rice lines in Africa.
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Souley, Issaka, Bachabi Louisiane, Naroua Illiassou, Basso Adamou, Souley Mariama Abdoulaye M, and Sere Yacouba. "Serological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates collected in Southern-Benin." International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) 8, no. 6 (2021): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.025.
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The rice yellow mottle is the best known viral disease of rice in Africa. It causes significant economic losses in farmer’s fields. The serological properties of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates, collected in Southern Benin, were assessed by immunological tests with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Pabs and MAbs). The isolates CP (Capsid protein) portions, obtained by RT-PCR, were sequenced and their amino-acids sequences were analyzed and used for phylogenetic analysis. Three different RYMV pathogenic groups, including three resistance breaking (RB) isolates (Be20, Be21 and Be27) which over came allele rymv1-5gene, were identified. Two serotypes Ser1/strain S1 and Ser2/ strain S2 were also distinguished. The molecular properties of the isolates CP gene and the phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the Southern Benin RYMV strain is heterogeneous. The strain S1-Benin linked to the West Central African lineage(S1-WCA) is related to strain from Togo and Niger, whereas, the strain S2 Benin is the stumps of the West African lineage (S1-WA) and is related to Mali, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast RYMV strains. These results reported the virus pathogenicity level and showed the relationships between RYMV strains in all Dahomey gap countries and in West and Central Africa. Keywords: serotypes, RYMV strains, RB isolates and phylogenetic analysis
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Orjuela, Julie, E. F. Thiémélé Deless, Olufisayo Kolade, Sophie Chéron, Alain Ghesquière, and Laurence Albar. "A Recessive Resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus Is Associated with a Rice Homolog of the CPR5 Gene, a Regulator of Active Defense Mechanisms." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 12 (2013): 1455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-13-0127-r.
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RYMV2 is a major recessive resistance gene identified in cultivated African rice (Oryza glaberrima) which confers high resistance to the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). We mapped RYMV2 in an approximately 30-kb interval in which four genes have been annotated. Sequencing of the candidate region in the resistant Tog7291 accession revealed a single mutation affecting a predicted gene, as compared with the RYMV-susceptible O. glaberrima CG14 reference sequence. This mutation was found to be a one-base deletion leading to a truncated and probably nonfunctional protein. It affected a gene homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana CPR5 gene, known to be a defense mechanism regulator. Only seven O. glaberrima accessions showing this deletion were identified in a collection consisting of 417 accessions from three rice species. All seven accessions were resistant to RYMV, which is an additional argument in favor of the involvement of the deletion in resistance. In addition, fine mapping of a resistance quantitative trait locus in O. sativa advanced backcrossed lines pinpointed a 151-kb interval containing RYMV2, suggesting that allelic variants of the same gene may control both high and partial resistance.
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Hébrard, Eugénie, Nils Poulicard, Clément Gérard, et al. "Direct Interaction Between the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) VPg and the Central Domain of the Rice eIF(iso)4G1 Factor Correlates with Rice Susceptibility and RYMV Virulence." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 23, no. 11 (2010): 1506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-10-0073.
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The adaptation of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) to recessive resistance mediated by the rymv1-2 allele has been reported as a model to study the emergence and evolution of virulent variants. The resistance and virulence factors have been identified as eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF(iso)4G1 and viral genome–linked protein (VPg), respectively, but the molecular mechanisms involved in their interaction are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated a direct interaction between RYMV VPg and the central domain of rice eIF(iso)4G1 both in vitro, using recombinant proteins, and in vivo, using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Insertion of the E309K mutation in eIF(iso)4G1, conferring resistance in planta, strongly diminished the interaction with avirulent VPg. The efficiency of the major virulence mutations at restoring the interaction with the resistance protein was assessed. Our results explain the prevalence of virulence mutations fixed during experimental evolution studies and are consistent with the respective viral RNA accumulation levels of avirulent and virulent isolates. Our results also explain the origin of the residual multiplication of wild-type isolates in rymv1-2–resistant plants and the role of genetic context in the poor adaptability of the S2/S3 strain. Finally, the strategies of RYMV and members of family Potyviridae to overcome recessive resistance were compared.
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Uke, Ayaka, Naswiru Tibanyendela, Ryoichi Ikeda, Azusa Fujiie, and Keiko Teresa Natsuaki. "Modes of transmission and stability of Rice yellow mottle virus." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (2014): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0054.
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Abstract Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is the most important rice virus in Africa. We examined RYMV transmission via soil and water contaminated with RYMV-infected rice plants and by serial cutting with RYMV-contaminated scissors. Transmission of RYMV via dried rice straw kept at 27°C was also examined. The results showed the virus could be transmitted via soil and water, and by scissors. Rice straw that was RYMV-infected was not infective if it was dried and was kept longer than 42 days. By insect transmission experiments and ELISA, long-horned grasshoppers (Conocephalus spp.) were found to be a possible vector of RYMV in Uganda.
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Rahman, Siddiq Ur, Sajid Nawaz, Sifat Ullah, et al. "Study of Codon Usage Patterns and Influencing Factors in Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Based on Coding Sequence Data." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12091990.
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Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), transmitted by chrysomelids, is one of the major viral pathogens that has devastated rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa. RYMV is a member of the genus Sobemoviruses in the family Solemoviridae and harbors a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA). Here, we used 50 RYMV strains, applying the codon usage bias (CUB). Both base content and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that GC-ended codons were more frequently used in the genome of RYMV. Further low codon usage bias was observed from the effective number of codons (ENC) value. The neutrality plot analysis suggested the dominant factor of natural selection was involved in the structuring of CUB in RYMV. Based on RSCU values, the RYMV and its host relationship indicate that the RYMV develops codon usage patterns similar to its host. Generally, both natural selection and mutational pressure impact the codon usage pattern of the protein-coding genes in RYMV. This study is important because it characterized the codon usage pattern in the RYMV genomes and provided the necessary data for a basic evolutionary study on them. Additionally, we recommend that experiments such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) or dual RNA sequencing (DRS) should be considered in order to correlate these in-silico findings with viral diseases in the future.
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Souley, Issaka, Basso Adamou, Elh Sow Mounirou, and Souley Mariama Abdoulaye Moussa. "Behavior of six rice varieties endowed with the rymv1-2 allele of resistance to rice yellow mottle in the irrigated rice ecology of Niger." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 9, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.901.001.
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This study consisted of: (i) evaluating six varieties of irrigated rice, endowed with the resistance allele rymv1-2, under the agronomic conditions of Niger Republic, and by participatory varietal selection (PVS), (ii) identifying the preferred varieties of farmers, and (iii) determining the performance of improved lines. To achieve these objectives the improved varieties’ behavior towards the RYMV was first evaluated in the greenhouse and then their agronomic performance evaluations were conducted in multi-local trials. The results showed a biological diversity of Niger-RYMV, with the prevalence of a resistant breaking isolate (NG3) from the Toula perimeter. Five of the six improved varieties have good production potential and are adapted to the ecological and epidemiological conditions of the Niger Republic. Indeed, in addition to their high level of resistance to RYMV, the varieties ARC39-135-VL-5, ARC39-130-EP-4, ARC37-16-1-5-G, ARC39-145-E-P-3 and ARC 39-155-L-2 expressed the best agronomic characteristics with yields ranging between 6 and 9 T/ha vs 4 to 5 T/ha for the Kogoni 91-1 variety which is the most productive in the studied area. These high-potential varieties will help in the intensification of rice cultivation and rice yellow mottle disease control.
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Alkali, G., M. D. Alegbejo, B. D. Kashina, and O. O. Banwo. "Analysis of Serological Variability and Hierarchical Distribution of Rice Yellow Mottle Sobemovirus Isolates in Northern Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.1.
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A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to study the immunological profile of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus Sobemovirus. Serological profiles of 35 representative isolates of RYMV from Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. All the RYMV isolates were classified into three major serogroups (SG1, SG2 and SG3) and further separated into six subgroups (Sg1a, Sg1b, Sg2a, Sg2b, Sg3a and Sg3b). The results demonstrate a significant serological variability among RYMV isolates in Northern Nigeria. The hierarchical analysis of the serological profiles data revealed high viral load in Kano, Kaduna and Gombe states, these show they are suitable locations for strategic RYMV diagnostic and field epidemiological studies
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Alkali, G., M. D. Alegbejo, B. D. Kashina, and O. O. Banwo. "Analysis of Serological Variability and Hierarchical Distribution of Rice Yellow Mottle Sobemovirus Isolates in Northern Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 3, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-6qomwi.
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A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to study the immunological profile of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus Sobemovirus. Serological profiles of 35 representative isolates of RYMV from Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. All the RYMV isolates were classified into three major serogroups (SG1, SG2 and SG3) and further separated into six subgroups (Sg1a, Sg1b, Sg2a, Sg2b, Sg3a and Sg3b). The results demonstrate a significant serological variability among RYMV isolates in Northern Nigeria. The hierarchical analysis of the serological profiles data revealed high viral load in Kano, Kaduna and Gombe states, these show they are suitable locations for strategic RYMV diagnostic and field epidemiological studies
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rymv"
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Kumwenda, Austin Suzgo. "Rice breeding and the inheritance of tolerance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338801.
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OPALKA, NATHALIE. "Structure et effets cytopathologiques du virus de la panachure jaune du riz (rymv)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22011.
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Le virus de la panachure jaune du riz (rymv), un membre du genre sobemovirus cause des pertes substantielles dans la production de riz en afrique. L'organisation de la capside du rymv n'ayant pas ete identifiee, nous avons entrepris une etude sur la structure native du rymv par cryomicroscopie electronique et analyse d'images et compare avec le virus de la mosaique du haricot du sud (sbmv). Les deux reconstructions a une resolution de 25 a sont tres similaires et sont composees d'une seule capside arrangee suivant une symetrie icosaedrique de type t = 3. Les principales caracteristiques pour les deux structures sont les pentameres en forme de couronne et les protuberances beaucoup moins proeminentes autour des axes d'ordre 6 local. La surface externe du rymv est relativement lisse comparee au sbmv qui presente des depressions autour des axes d'ordre 2 et des protuberances autour des axes d'ordre 3 local. Sous la capside, une densite agence sous forme d'anneaux pourrait correspondre a des regions ordonnees de l'arn mais aussi de proteines. Parallelement, nous avons realise des etudes ultrastructurales et cytochimiques dans les plantes infectees d'oryza sativa afin de comprendre le mecanisme d'infection du rymv. Une analyse par western-blot et nothern-blot nous a permis de demontrer que le rymv migrait dans les feuilles infectees de facon systemiques au bout de 6 jours. L'observation par microscopie electronique de feuilles infectees ont revele la presence de virions dans l'epiderme, le mesophylle, la gaine perivasculaire et les cellules parenchymateuses. Une importante accumulation des particules virales ont ete observees dans les vaisseaux ainsi que dans les cellules parenchymateuses du xyleme. Nous avons egalement detecte des virions etroitement associes aux membranes ponctuees intervasculaires qui suggere une nouvelle voie de migration du virus entre les vaisseaux.
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BONNEAU, CAROLINE. "Etude cytologique et moleculaire du mouvement du virus de la panachure jaune du riz (rymv) dans le riz." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112137.
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Le sobemovirus de la panachure jaune du riz (rymv) est un pathogene du riz en afrique. Dans le cadre d'une etude sur le mouvement du rymv, nous avons entrepris une analyse cytologique de l'infection du virus dans le riz, et avons entrepris de determiner la fonction de la proteine p1. Notre analyse montre une accumulation preferentielle des particules virales dans les cellules du parenchyme du xyleme et du mesophylle. Dans les vaisseaux du xyleme, nous proposons un modele sur la translocation du rymv a travers les membranes ponctuees en cours d'hydrolyse. L'encapsidation serait necessaire pour le mouvement vasculaire. L'absence de particules virales dans les feuilles inoculees suggere par contre que l'encapsidation ne serait pas necessaire pour le mouvement de cellule a cellule. Afin d'analyser la fonction de la proteine p1, differentes mutations ont ete introduites dans l'orf1 du clone d'adnc du rymv. Notre etude demontre que la proteine p1 n'est pas strictement necessaire pour la replication virale. De plus, la proteine p1 est necessaire pour le mouvement de cellule a cellule, et cette fonction agit en trans puisqu'elle peut etre complementee dans des plantes de riz transgeniques exprimant la proteine p1. La proteine p1 (17,8 kda) est traduite in vitro et in vivo, sous forme d'un doublet de proteine de masse moleculaire estimee a 18 et 19 kda. Son expression n'est pas transitoire. Nous montrons egalement que la proteine p1 et la proteine de capside, impliquees toutes deux dans le mouvement de cellule a cellule du rymv, ont la capacite de fixer in vitro les acides nucleiques.
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Pidon, Hélène. "Diversité des bases génétiques de la résistance au virus de la panachure jaune du riz (RYMV) dans l'espèce de riz africain Oryza glaberrima." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT163/document.
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Le virus de la panachure jaune (RYMV) est une contrainte majeure pour la riziculture en Afrique. Deux gènes contrôlant des résistances récessives ont précédemment été décrits : RYMV1, qui code pour eIF(iso)4G1, un facteur d’initiation de la traduction et RYMV2, qui code pour CPR5-1, un probable composant du pore nucléaire impliqué dans la régulation des mécanismes de défense. Cependant, la capacité du virus à contourner ces résistances justifie la caractérisation de sources de résistance originales, présentes dans les espèces de riz africain O. glaberrima et O. barthii. Trois approches complémentaires ont été mises en œuvre afin d’identifier les facteurs génétiques contrôlant ces résistances.Une approche de cartographie génétique dans des populations bi-parentales a permis l’identification du gène RYMV3, contrôlant la résistance de l’accession Tog5307 et sans doute également de l’accession Tog5672. Il s’agit de la première résistance dominante identifiée dans le pathosystème riz/RYMV. RYMV3 a été cartographié dans un intervalle de 15 kb où deux gènes sont annotés, dont un gène NB-LRR. Des comparaisons de séquences entre accessions résistantes et accessions sensibles suggèrent que le polymorphisme responsable de la résistance est une mutation ponctuelle dans le domaine LRR du gène NB-LRR.Les deux autres approches ont reposé sur l’exploitation de données de séquençage Illumina de 163 accessions O. glaberrima et 84 accessions O. barthii. Les accessions O. glaberrima ont été phénotypées à la fois pour la résistance élevée et pour la résistance partielle au RYMV, et une partie des accessions O. barthii a été évaluée pour la résistance élevée. L’analyse de la variabilité allélique aux trois gènes majeurs de résistance a permis l’identification d’un probable nouvel allèle de résistance à RYMV1 et de six à RYMV2. Ces allèles sont actuellement en cours de validation. D’autre part, une approche de génétique d’association réalisée sur 125 accessions O. glaberrima a mis en évidence deux QTL de résistance partielle sur les chromosomes 6 et 11, dont l’un colocalise, en première approche, avec le gène RYMV3.Ce travail a ainsi permis l’identification d’un gène majeur, de deux QTL et de nouveaux allèles de résistance qui contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des interactions riz/RYMV et sont utilisables en sélection pour améliorer la durabilité des variétés résistantes<br>The Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a major constraint for rice production in Africa. Two genes controlling recessive resistances have been previously described : RYMV1 coding for eIF(iso)4G1, a translation initiation factor, and RYMV2, coding for CPR5-1, a probable component of the nuclear pore complex involved in the regulation of defense mechanisms. However, the virus' ability to overcome these resistances highlight the need to characterize new sources of resistance in the African rice species O. glaberrima and O. barthii. Three complementary approaches were carried out in order to identify the genetic factors controlling these resistances.A genetic mapping strategy in bi-parental populations led to the identification of the RYMV3 gene, controlling resistance in the Tog5307 accession and probably also in the Tog5672 accession. It is the first dominant resistance identified in the rice/RYMV pathosystem. RYMV3 mapped in a 15 kb interval in which two genes annotated occur, including one NB-LRR gene.The two other strategies used were based on the utilization of Illumina sequencing data of 163 O. glaberrima accessions and 84 O. barthii accessions. O. glaberrima accessions were phenotyped for both high and partial resistance to RYMV, and the high resistance of a portion of the O. barthii accessions was assessed. Analysis of allelic variability at the previously identified genes led to the identification of a probable new resistance allele at RYMV1 and of six others at RYMV2. These alleles are currently undergoing validation. Furthermore, a genome wide association study was carried out on 125 O. glaberrima accessions, revealing two partial resistance QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 11, including one colocalized with RYMV3.This work has thus allowed the identification of one major resistance gene, of two QTLs and of new resistance alleles, contributing to a better understanding of rice/RYMV interactions and creating new prospects for the breeding for resistant varieties
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Albar, Laurence. "Etude des bases genetiques de la resistance partielle du riz au virus de la panachure jaune (rymv). Cartographie moleculaire et relation avec la diversite genetique." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112245.
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La resistance partielle du riz (oryza sativa l. ) au virus de la panachure jaune (rymv) a ete etudiee a partir d'une collection de 130 varietes representatives de la diversite morphologique et genetique chez o. Sativa. Les symptomes et l'estimation du contenu en virus par test elisa indiquent une meilleure resistance des varietes japonica que des varietes indica et, au sein des varietes japonica, une meilleure resistance des varietes pluviales que des varietes temperees. Le contenu en virus, les symptomes et l'impact du rymv, au champ, sur des caracteres morphologiques ont ete etudies dans des populations de lignees haploides doublees, issues de croisements indica x japonica pluvial (ir64/azucena et irat177/apura). Nos resultats soulignent le caractere polygenique de la resistance partielle au rymv et montrent une relation entre la resistance et la morphologie. Des correlations phenotypiques ont ete detectees entre le niveau de resistance et le tallage, et en moindre mesure la hauteur. Des qtl de resistance ont ete cartographies par marquage moleculaire (rflp) sur huit regions du genome dont certaines sont egalement impliquees dans la morphologie. En particulier, le gene de semi-nanisme sd-1 est localise dans une region fortement impliquee dans la resistance. Sur le chromosome 12, un qtl de resistance a ete detecte dans les deux populations et semble independant de la morphologie. Dans la population ir64/azucena, ce qtl est implique dans des interactions avec d'autres regions du genome, notamment une region du chromosome 7. L'introgression du qtl du chromosome 12 dans la variete ir64 est en cours afin de valider son effet dans un fond genetique indica. Par ailleurs, la diversite genetique de la collection de varietes a ete etudiee a l'aide de marqueurs rflp cartographies au niveau de ce qtl : dans cette region, le polymorphisme est etroitement lie a la fois a la resistance au rymv et a la differenciation indica/japonica.
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Poignavent, Vianney. "Relations structure-fonctions chez la protéine multi-fonctionnelle P1 du virus de la panachure jaune du riz." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS024.
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Le virus de la panachure jaune du riz (virus RYMV pour Rice Yellow Mottle Virus) infecte principalement le genre Oryza et provoque d'importants dégâts sur les cultures de riz en Afrique. Bien que son génome soit rudimentaire, ce virus code des protéines essentielles pour son maintien chez l’hôte en dépit des mécanismes de défense de la plante. Les travaux récents de l’équipe ont permis d’identifier la protéine P1 codée par ce virus comme une protéine qui pourrait, grâce à sa propriété de suppresseur de RNA silencing, permettre au virus de contourner un mécanisme de défense essentiel de l’hôte et permettre au virus de perpétuer son cycle viral. Peu de données concernant les mécanismes d’action de la protéine P1 sont disponibles à ce jour. Le travail entrepris au cours de ma thèse a donc consisté à compléter les connaissances sur la biochimie de cette protéine, à définir sa structure tridimensionnelle et à mettre à jour sa localisation sub cellulaire afin de révéler des propriétés qui pourraient nous permettre non seulement de mieux comprendre comment cette protéine opère ses fonctions mais également de définir des méthodes de lutte adéquates contre ce virus. Ainsi, je montre que la protéine P1 constitue une nouvelle famille de protéine à doigt de zinc possédant une structure 3D inédite composée d’un premier domaine impliqué dans la dimérisation de la protéine et dans des interactions avec des ligands dont certains pourraient provenir de la plante hôte. Mon travail permet également d’identifier un deuxième domaine senseur de l’état redox au sein de la protéine qui lui permet probablement de sonder l’état de la plante pendant l’infection virale et d’adapter ses conformations pour assurer ses fonctions. Finalement, une approche par mutagénèse sur la protéine P1 assistée par la nouvelle structure 3D démontre qu’il est désormais possible d’identifier les résidus essentiels à la protéine pour sa participation dans l’infection virale. Ce travail ouvre donc de nombreuses perspectives pour de futures études de mécanistique sur ces domaines-clé de la protéine, ainsi que pour des études sur sa diversité génétique au sein des très nombreux isolats du virus RYMV en Afrique<br>The virus of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV for Rice Yellow Mottle Virus) mainly infects the genus Oryza and causes significant damage to rice crops in Africa. Although its genome is rudimentary, this virus code essential proteins for its maintenance in the host despite the defense mechanisms of the plant. Recent work by the team has identified the P1 protein encoded by the virus as a protein that could, through its ownership of RNA silencing suppressor, allow the virus to bypass an essential defense mechanism of the host and allow the virus to perpetuate its viral cycle. Little data on the mechanisms of action of the P1 protein is available to date. The work undertaken during my thesis was therefore to supplement the knowledge of the biochemistry of this protein, to define its three-dimensional structure and update its sub cellular localization to reveal properties that could enable us not only to understand how this protein works its functions but also to define methods of adequate response against the virus. Thus, I show that the P1 protein is a new zinc finger protein family having a unique 3D structure consisting of a first domain involved in the dimerization of the protein and in interactions with ligands some of which may originate from the plant host. My work also identifies a second sensor field in the redox state of the protein that probably allows him to probe the state of the plant during viral infection and adapt its conformation to conduct their duties. Finally, a mutagenesis approach to P1 assisted by the new 3D protein structure shows that it is now possible to identify critical residues in the protein for its participation in the viral infection. This work thus opens up many possibilities for future mechanistic studies on these key areas of the protein, as well as for studies of genetic diversity within many RYMV isolates of virus in Africa
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Gunnarsson, Klara. "Klosslådan Aniara : en komprimerad rymd." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk Design & Illustration, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4744.
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Järleblad, Henrik. "Att lösapartiella differentialekvationermed FFT i fri rymd." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210860.
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Detta kandidatexamensarbete har till syfte att belysa och utforska hur partiella differentialekvationer kan lösas på ett enkelt, effektivt och noggrant sätt i fri rymd, dvs då området är obegränsat (Rn). Lösningsmetoder som fungerar bra på begränsade domäner är generellt inte speciellt effektiva för dessa typer av problem, då artificiella randvillkor måste sättas, och beräkningsdomänen måste göras stor för att få en god noggrannhet i lösningen. Arbetet baseras på en artikel av Vico et al. som publicerades i juli 2016 och som introducerar en metod baserad på trunkerade Greens-funktioner och snabba Fouriertransformen (FFT). Den har spektral konvergens, och är relativt enkel att implementera. Jämfört med periodiska problem, för vilka FFT-baserade metoder är optimala, så måste man för samma spatiella upplösning öka gridstorleken för transformen med en översamplingsfaktor i varje rumsdimension. Metoden har komplexitet O(N log N) där N är antalet gridpunkter. För att påvisa denna metods användningspotential så visar detta projekt hur metoden kan användas för att lösa både Poissons och Helmholtz ekvationer i två respektive tre dimensioner, och demonstrerar också metodens spektrala noggrannhet och förväntade beräkningskomplexitet.
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Svensson, Davoust Martin. "Automatisk generering av navigationsdata i en 3D-rymd." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12962.
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Datorspel genomgår en konstant utveckling mot mer komplexitet och i takt med att de virtuella spelvärldarna växer behövs mer och mer effektiva metoder att navigera genom dessa. I denna rapport undersöks möjligheten att automatiskt generera navigationsinformation och ett förslag presenteras på hur en algoritm för detta skulle kunna se ut.
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Nilsson, Elaine. "Älskade Mörker : Död, rymd och hyperobjekt i Romantisk poesi." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43183.
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I min uppsats kommer jag att diskutera döden och rymden som hyperobjekt och hur vi kan se på romantisk poesi ur ett ekokritiskt perspektiv idag med hjälp av dessa tolkningar. Genom att sätta poesin i kontext till tiden som den skrevs under vill jag markera var diskussionen om döden och rymden började och analysera de romantiska poeternas verk genom Timothy Mortons ekokritiska teorier om hyperobjekt. Människans ansvar till naturen från den enskilde individen till stora industrier är en del av vår samtidsdialog, en global dialog och jag tolkar de så att de romantiska poeterna, i sitt avståndstagande från den industrialiserade världens livsförhållanden, format delar av den här nya dialogen. Romantikernas koppling till naturen är rotad i deras fascination för mystik och det ockulta. Deras tid var en då man fortfarande kunde välja att ta avstånd ifrån den stundande industrialismen. W.B. Yeats, den sista romantiska poeten omringades av industrien och de nya samhällsstrukturerna, han flydde från rigiditet i religion och politik både spirituellt och fysiskt. Yeats liv förkroppsligar den romantiska poetens sökande efter frihet och därför är han också central i min uppsats. Vi kan förändra hur vi läser och uppfattar romantisk poesi i modern tid genom att se på döden och rymden som hyperobjekt.<br><p>Godkänt datum 2021-08-25</p>
Books on the topic "Rymv"
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Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk o Literaturze Polskiej., ed. Mistrz "czerwonego rymu": Słowacki. IBL, 2000.
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Bilous, Dmytro. Romen khiba ne rodych Ryma?: Poeziï. "Ukraïnsʹkyĭ pysʹmennyk", 1999.
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Liljenäs, Ingrid. Från gruva till data och rymd. Umeå universitet, Geografiska institutionen, 1986.
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Vries, Wilhelm de. Rym i Patrii︠a︡rkhaty Skhodu. Vydavnyt︠s︡vo Ukraïnsʹkoho katolyt︠s︡ʹkoho universytetu, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rymv"
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White, Thomas. "The Dark is Light Enough." In Dark Chaucer. punctum books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0018.1.18.
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Sir Thopas — Chaucer’s “rym” (VII.709) that so disappoints the Host —is not generally discussed in terms of dark moments or abyssal themes. In fact, in its wilful and relentless ineptitude, Chaucer’s parody of the tail-rhyme romance represents one of the most sustained comic moments in all of the Tales, culminating in Harry’s uncompromising interruption. However, beneath the surface of Chaucer’s parody of the likes of “Ypotas,” “Bevys” and “sir Gy” (VII.898–899), the repeated elision of a specific paratextual feature of Thopas in both a large proportion of the fifteenth-century manuscripts of the Tales as well the vast majority of printed editions points toward the potential inscrutability not only of medieval textual records but also early-modern and modern records as well.1 This paratextual feature — Chaucer’s use and subtle amplification of the traditional tail-rhyme verse layout — forms part of a focus in Fragment VII of the Tales on both the resources available to the English poet writing at the close of the fourteenth century and, more generally, the very act of reading and the problematic nature of interpretation itself.
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Kafka-Price, Laura, and Maksymilian Krzak. "Rymy dziecięce, op. 49." In Polish Pronunciation Guide for Singers. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197775226.003.0007.
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Abstract In this chapter, the authors offer insight on the history behind the song cycle. The authors examine the exchange of letters between the composer and the poet, who did not immediately see eye to eye, as Szymanowski set Iłłakowiczówna’s poems to music without her knowledge. Also included is a discussion on select performing aspects of the songs based on observations and invaluable first-hand experience by Szymanowski’s sister, Stanisława Korwin-Szymanowska, who premiered the cycle with the composer at the piano. The goal of this chapter is to help singers peek into Szymanowski’s compositional style and support them in preparing the songs for performance.
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"JOHN GRANGE on Skelton's 'ragged ryme', 1577." In John Skelton. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203196878-16.
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Kafka-Price, Laura, and Maksymilian Krzak. "Pronunciation Guides for Rymy dziecięce, op. 49." In Polish Pronunciation Guide for Singers. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197775226.003.0009.
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Abstract This chapter is a comprehensive pronunciation guide to singing Rymy dziecięce, op. 49. It offers verbal warm-up exercises specific to each of the twenty songs of the cycle. The authors have selected challenging words from each song and broken them down into easily understandable syllabic components and consonant clusters. These exercises, accompanied by online recordings, will help non-Polish-speaking singers successfully grasp the pronunciation of the words of the songs. The pronunciation guide also includes IPA transcriptions and word-by-word translations of the poems. Additionally, the guide offers recordings of the intoning for each song, recitations of the poems, and the piano accompaniment.
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Culbert, Samuel A. "Different Levels of Influence and Advice and the Categories of Interaction They Create." In Mind-Set Management. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097467.003.0011.
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Abstract An executive surprised us by requesting “either marriage or divorce counseling.” He told us, “I don’t know what to do about the problems I’m causing Ryma (his secretary and assistant). I’d like you to talk with her, then you make ‘the call.’” He told us the reason was not incompatibility or lack of quality effort on her part. It was that working for him was taking an extraordinary toll. It was Wednesday; she had been out since Monday and was expected back tomorrow. She had told him it was “stress.” And, he said, “Clearly I’m the cause.”
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Göske, Daniel. "„Mend my ryme“: Fingierte Dialoge in George Herberts geistlicher Dichtung." In Wiederholung und Variation im Gespräch des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111133607-010.
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Smedberg Bondesson, Anna. "I en rymd och en tid som inte har ålder." In CSS Conference 2017. Centre for Scandinavian Studies - Lund Univsersity (CSS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37852/oblu.190.c548.
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Metz, Michael V. "A Sign of the End: Weathermen Come to Town." In Radicals in the Heartland. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042416.003.0032.
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SDS split in two: the SDS/RYM (Revolutionary Youth Movement)--led by Jeff Jones, Bernardine Dohrn, and Mark Rudd, soon to become Weathermen—and the SDS/PL (Progressive Labor), led by old-school Marxists. The Weathermen visited campus, recruiting for a revolutionary action in Chicago, a failed effort—few Illini followed their lead—and the local SDS withdrew from the national organization, as antiwar feelings were now mainstream on campus but violent revolution was not. The Radical Union (RU) formed, supporting a national march on Washington; the FBI arrested three on campus for harboring a deserter; Seymour Hersh exposed the My Lai massacre.
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"George Gascoigne, A primer of English poetry (1575)." In English Renaissance Literary Criticism, edited by Brian Vickers. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198186793.003.0008.
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Abstract The first and most necessary point that ever I found meet to be considered in making of a delectable poem is this, to ground it upon some fine invention.1 For it is not enough to roll in pleasant words, nor yet to thunder in ‘ Rym, Ram, Ruff’ by letter (quoth my master Chaucer),2 nor yet to abound in apt vocables or epithets, unless the invention have If I should undertake to write in praise of a gentlewoman, I would neither praise her crystal eye, nor her cherry lip, etc. For these things are trita et obvia. But I would either find some supernatural cause whereby my pen might walk in the superlative degree, or else I would undertake to answer for any imperfection that she hath, and thereupon raise the praise of her commendation. Likewise, if I should disclose my pretence in love, I would either make a strange discourse of some intolerable passion, or find occasion to plead by the example of some history, or discover my disquiet in shadows per allegoriam, or use the covertest mean that I could to avoid the uncomely customs of common writers.
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Sweetenham, Carol. "“In Frenssche bookys this rym is wrought”: Looking for the First Crusade in Anglo-Norman and English Narrative Poetry." In Oltre la mer salee. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781771104197-018.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rymv"
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Fröder, Hans, Vanessa Tsuhako, and Laercio Goularte. "Performance Evaluation of 3M Petrifilm Rym To Fast Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds." In XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/foodsci-microal-261.
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Asadizadeh, M., A. Hedayat, L. Tunstall, M. Taboada Neira, J. A. Vega González, and J. W. Verá Alvarado. "Mode I Fracture Behavior of Lightweight Concrete Made of Mine-Tailings-Based Aggregates." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0572.
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ABSTRACT: The exploration of mode I fracture behavior in lightweight concrete (LW-concrete) made from mine-tailings-based aggregates holds great significance in the realm of construction materials. This research is vital, as it offers crucial insights into the structural integrity of the material and its suitability for diverse applications. The utilization of mine tailings (MTs), abundant in aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, and their transformation into lightweight aggregates (LWAs) signifies an environmentally responsible approach to address the environmental impact of MTs while reducing disposal costs. This study explored the fracture behavior of LW-concrete composed of mine-tailings-based aggregates, particularly under mode I loading. This aspect necessitates a comprehensive examination of this innovative material. Mode I fracture tests were performed on three-point bending beam specimens to better understand the fracture behavior. Using alkali-activation and palletization techniques, LWAs were produced using a blend of 30 wt.% fly ash type F and 70 wt.% MTs. The concrete mix incorporated a combination of coarse LWAs and natural, normal-weight fine aggregates. Specialized molds were employed for the direct casting of notched beam specimens, which were subsequently subjected to three-point bending tests after the curing process. The study revealed a mode I fracture toughness of 434.88 kNm^1/2, a crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) of 90.28 μm, and the characteristics of the fracture process zone (FPZ) measuring 2.88 mm, with comprehensive analysis conducted using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). 1. INTRODUCTION Natural aggregates find widespread applications in civil engineering and construction industry. They hold significant importance in the manufacturing of concrete (Guo et al., 2020), building roads (Ryms et al., 2015), surfacing asphalt (Qian et al., 2013), and other related applications. However, since natural resources are scarce and their utilization may have adverse environmental effects (Tabsh & Abdelfatah, 2009), there is an increasing interest in manufacturing lightweight aggregates (LWAs) utilizing waste materials like mine tailings (MTs) (M. Asadizadeh et al., 2023b, 2023a; Mostafa Asadizadeh et al., 2023, 2024; Yliniemi et al., 2017).
Reports on the topic "Rymv"
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Holmgren, Kerstin, Nuno Prista, and Magnus Dahlberg. Revidering av miljöövervakningen i trendsjöar : färre nät eller färre provfisken? Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.8ev6iu5kr4.
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Sedan år 2007 utförs standardiserade provfisken med nordiska översiktsnät (SS-EN 14757) i knappt hälften av de så kallade trendsjöarna inom nationell miljöövervakning. 15 sjöar provfiskas varje år och 30 vart 6-e år, med 8-48 bottennät och 0-10 pelagiska nät, beroende på sjöns area och djup. Vi utredde om det går att upptäcka skillnader mellan år med färre nät och trender över tid med glesare än årlig frekvens. I så fall ryms fler sjöar inom oförändrad budget, och nuvarande sjöar kan behållas om budgeten minskar. Dessutom ska svenska myndigheter ska sträva efter att minska onödigt lidande och dödande i förhållande till nyttan vid användningen av försöksdjur, i enlighet med principen 3R (reduce, refine, replace). I denna rapport fokuserade vi på konsekvenser för kvaliteten på insamlade data genom; 1. ett minskat antal lagda nät vid ett givet provfiske, 2. en minskad frekvens till vart annat år för sjöar som idag provfiskas varje år. Dessutom indikerade vi hur kostnader (antal fältdagar) kan påverkas av förändrad nätläggning i tid och rum. Med begränsad tid till punkt 1 analyserades data från en sjö (Stensjön), som grund till senare analyser för andra sjöar. Vi använde en beräkningsmetod ifrån tidigare optimering av kustfiskövervakningen, modifierad för beräkning av artspecifik fångst per ansträngning (antal och biomassa) och de indikatorer som ingår i tre multimetriska fiskindex som används i bedömning av ekologisk status enligt ramdirektivet för vatten. Via bootstrap gjordes 10000 slumpmässiga urval av åtta nät vardera i tre djupstrata (standard för en sjö av Stensjöns storlek), för varje år under 1994- 2021. Därefter upprepades proceduren med sju, sex, fem och fyra nät per djupstratum och år. Med nuvarande nätansträngning uppfylldes målet att särskilja skillnader på 100% mellan år i ansträngning mellan år för de vanligaste fiskarterna i sjön och för alla indikatorer i bedömningsgrunderna. I just denna sjö skulle vi ha upptäckt skillnader mellan år med de lägsta och de högsta observerade värdena även om vi bara hade lagt sex eller fler nät per djupstratum. För punkt 2 analyserades befintliga dataserier från 15 sjöar som nu provfiskas varje år. Ickeparametriska trendtester visade att med provfisken vart annat år var sannolikheten lägre att vi skulle ha upptäckt ökningar eller minskningar över tid jämfört med provfisken varje år. Några åldersbaserade indikatorer kunde dock beräknas för alla år, även på urval av prover tagna vart annat år. Med provtagning vart annat år kunde en ökande trend i abborrens storlek upptäckas för 61% av signifikanta trender med provtagning varje år. För de vanligaste arterna abborre och mört kunde vi i 74 respektive 68 % av jämförelserna upptäcka samma starka eller svaga årsklasser med prover från vartannat som med prover från alla år. Hypotetiska beräkningar indikerade att flest fältdagar (195) skulle frigöras per sexårsperiod om 15 sjöar med årligt provfiske istället provfiskas vart annat år. Det skulle kunna motsvara provfiske en gång vart sjätte år i många av de trendsjöar som idag saknar provfiske. 57 fältdagar skulle frigöras om frekvensen halverades i de fyra sjöar som bara har årliga provfisken sedan 2007. Minskning med en fältdag per provfiske i sjöar med en ansträngning på minst 24 nät motsvarar 68 frigjorda fältdagar. Alla reduktioner av antal lagda nät skulle leda till färre dödade fiskar per sjö och sexårsperiod, i linje med 3R-strategin. Sjöar med årligt provfiske ger viktig information om mellanårsvariation, som behövs för att tolka resultat från sjöar med glesare provfiskefrekvens, i den nationella miljöövervakningen och i program som drivs av andra aktörer. Ur detta perspektiv är det klokast att försöka minska antal nät per provfiske, om det kan göras med godtagbar kvalitetssänkning. En sådan bedömning behöver göras för varje sjö, t.ex. med den metod som i detta projekt anpassades till data från Stensjön.