Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'S 405 UL 2012 M622'
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Michaud, Andréanne. "Obésité et inflammation : Infiltration de macrophages dans les tissus adipeux de la femme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29156/29156.pdf.
Full textGagné, Gabrielle. "Viabilité de souches probiotiques commerciales au cours de la fabrication et de l'affinage du fromage cheddar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29547/29547.pdf.
Full textWhen added to Cheddar cheese, viability of probiotic strains vary according to combination of several factors. These factors are the probiotic strain being studied, the lactic acid bacteria strain used in the manufacture of cheese, the presence of other probiotic strains, stirring while cooking, pH, salt on moisture (S/M) content and ripening temperature. The lactic acid bacteria strain used for Cheddar cheese process influence the viability of probiotic strains. In the same way, co-culture of two probiotic strains can also affect their viability. While cooking procedure, high level of agitation may affect probiotic strain viability. During ripening, each probiotic strain had a single survival profile according to the pH, S/M and ripening temperature. Moreover, depending on the probiotic strain added in cheese, proteolysis and the amount of organic acids had increase. This increase causes changes in texture and in sensory properties of Cheddar cheese.
Carnovale, Valérie. "Déterminants de la rigidité artérielle chez l'homme et la femme ménopausée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29373/29373.pdf.
Full textSylvestre, Ève-Lyne. "Utilisation des gènes de l'ovule conservés au cours de l'évolution pour déprogrammer des cellules somatiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23403.
Full textTurcot, Valérie. "Génétique et épigénétique du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29169/29169.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Van Cuong. "Exploration de la cartographie par analyse d'association («Association Mapping») chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29300/29300.pdf.
Full textAragon, Juan Pablo. "Caractérisation de l'activité 3'-5' AMPC-PDE dans le plasma séminal et fluides épididymaires bovin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28740/28740.pdf.
Full textMaman, Mahaman Salissou. "Étude des pratiques d'alimentation des enfants âgés entre 0-6 mois issus de milieux défavorisés dans la commune urbaine de Tessaoua région de Maradi au Niger." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29415/29415.pdf.
Full textPériard, Larrivée Yann. "Irrigation spatio-temporelle de la laitue romaine en sol organique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29075/29075.pdf.
Full textSghairi, Amina. "Développement de modèles in silico pour la simulation de parois bactériennes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29316/29316.pdf.
Full textSeck, Mactar. "Effets des facteurs alimentaires sur la synthèse ruminale de vitamines B chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29223/29223.pdf.
Full textB-vitamins are synthesized by rumen microflora but knowledge on factors affecting this synthesis is very scarce. Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary factors such as family forage or forage-to-concentrate ratio on B-vitamin ruminal syntheses. In study 1, eight Holstein cows were fed with diets containing either alfalfa or orchardgrass silages as sole forage. In study 2, fourteen Holstein cows were fed low-forage (44.8% forage) or high-forage (64.1% forage) diets. Apparent ruminal synthesis of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B6 were greater with orchardgrass silage than with alfalfa silage. Using a low-forage diet increased ruminal syntheses of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin, reduced vitamin B6 degradation, but decreased ruminal synthesis of vitamin B12. These studies are a step towards identification of diets that may require B-vitamin supplementation to optimize milk production of dairy cows.
Ketata, Mouna. "Effet des prétraitements cryogéniques sur la déshydratation osmotique des bleuets." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29066/29066.pdf.
Full textMeric, Elise. "Compréhension des effets matrices de boissons à base de jus de fruits enrichies en ingrédients protéiques sur la stabilité de ces jus et évaluation in vivo et in vitro de l'impact de cet enrichissement protéique sur le système glycémique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29032/29032.pdf.
Full textBoivin, Mario. "Effet de l'ensilage de maïs avec ou sans épis sur la production de lait et sa composition chez la vache laitière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28933/28933.pdf.
Full textMaher, Geneviève. "Comparaison des techniques de cryoconservation de la semence chez le bouc et d'insémination artificielle chez la chèvre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28458/28458.pdf.
Full textThis work compare the impact of two buck semen freezing process (egg yolk or milk-based diluents) not only on thawed semen quality, but also on fertility rate following artificial inseminations. Semen of seven Alpine bucks, housed under alternative photoperiod of longs days and shorts days every 6 weeks, were collected 2 or 3 times a week for 12 months. Each ejaculate was analysed (volume, concentration, viability and acrosome integrity), divised and frozed in both feezing process. Semen was analysed 0 to 5 hours after thawing. To compare the impact of freezing process on fertility, artificial inseminations were realised on a group of oestrus synchronised goats. This work also evaluate the efficiency of artificial insemination on goat after synchronised or natural oestrus detection. Finaly this work documents the influence of alternative 6 weeks photoperiod on sexual activities and on quebec Alpine buck semen quality (fresh and thawed). Results showed favorable tendency of milk-based diluent. Fertility rate of semen frozen in milk process was superior than in egg yolk process (P = 0.067). Post thawed semen quality explain these fertility results. Milk-based thawed semen show higher molitity, viability, acrosome integrity and mitochondria activity at different times between 0 and 5 hours post-thaw. Thus, milk based freezing process permitted better preservation of semence quality compare to egg yolk based freezing process. Large variability of fertility between bucks have also been observed. Morever, fertility rate following artificial inseminations on goats with natural or syncrhonised oestrus permitted equivalent results. Finaly, the use of 6 weeks photoperiod cycles allowed buck semen collections all year long. This work has increased knowledge related to quebec buck freezing semen process, oestrus synchronisation and artificial inseminations of goats.
St-Yves, Annie. "Diabète gestationnel : le risque et la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28802/28802.pdf.
Full textWomen with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight gain during childbearing-age period was associated with deteriorated insulin sensitivity and higher risk of T2D among women with prior GDM of our study. Healthy eating was not optimal in order to prevent T2D among these women. Application of the theory of planned behavior suggest that an intervention to increase intention to adopt healthy eating among women with prior GDM would need to focus on straightening the perception of its beneficial effect on weight control and on providing information on healthy eating and coping with availability of non-healthy foods in order to prevent future development of T2D among these women.
Simon, Rodrigue. "Dynamique des flux commerciaux dans le secteur des oeufs de table et analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28746/28746.pdf.
Full textHébert, Pierre Luc. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement d'une récolteuse de biomasse arbustive et analyse des coûts de récolte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23898.
Full textBiomass harvesting in plantations can be done in various forms: chips, billets, loose stems or stems rolled up in round bales. The latter method allows easy handling and moving of the biomass in addition to promoting natural drying during storage. A new machine that produces round bales of biomass, the Biobaler ® WB-55, was tested in plantations and on fallow land in 2009 and 2010. This master’s thesis reports mainly the performance of the Biobaler ® during 19 trials in plantations for a total of 546 bales harvested. The average harvested yield was 19.41 t dry matter (DM) / ha and ranged from 9.68 to 31.84 t DM / ha. The average mass of a bale was 427 kg wet matter (WM) (218 kg DM). The average density of bales was 138 kg DM / m³. The moisture content averaged 48.6% and ranged between 40.8% and 56.0% wet basis (w.b.). The average capacity of baling was 35 bales / h (7.69 t DM / h), the maximum capacity was 48 bales / h (10.53 t DM / h) and the minimum capacity was 23 bales / h (4.06 t DM / h). The diesel consumption with a tractor of 138 kW averaged 3.91 l / t DM and ranged from 2.12 to 6.96 l / t DM. The relative loss in the field averaged 11.3% and ranged between 5.7 and 20.1%. The baling cost averaged $ 20.95 / t DM ($ 4.47 / bale) and varied between $ 14.65 and $ 36.54 / t DM. Seven harvest methods that included baling, displacement of bales in the field and grinding were evaluated using the AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The cost of harvesting ranged between $ 32.72 and 44.07 / t DM ($ 1.83 and 2.46 / GJ) in plantations and between $ 57.84 and 76.74 / t DM ($ 3.23 and 4.29 / GJ) in fallow land. Following the AHP study, it was determined that the best method for harvesting biomass with the Biobaler ® incorporated a self loading bale carrier with a tractor of 86 kW and a forestry grinder with a diesel engine of 242 kW. Finally, the biomass transport cost for an average round-trip distance of 50 km was estimated at $ 10.72 / t DM ($ 0.60 / GJ). The transport cost of unprocessed round bales was estimated at $ 9.16 / t DM ($ 0.51 / GJ).
Brassard, Patrick. "Étude des émissions gazeuses et particulaires de la combustion de biomasses agricoles et forestières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29173/29173.pdf.
Full textRozoy, Elodie. "Préservation de la forme réduite de l'acide L-5-méthyltétrahydrofolique (L-5-MTHF) par l'ajout d'antioxydants naturels couplé à un traitement d'électroréduction." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29081/29081.pdf.
Full textDesfossés, Foucault Émilie. "Étude de la contribution des populations bactériennes actives du fromage Cheddar en cours de maturation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29377/29377.pdf.
Full textCrépeau, Marianne. "Pressage du millet perlé sucré et du sorgho sucré pour une éventuelle production de bioéthanol." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29001/29001.pdf.
Full textTrials related to the extraction of juice from sweet pearl millet and sweet sorghum for bioethanol production were carried out in 2009 and 2010. In summer of 2009, preliminary investigation resulted in a better performance of a specific screw press along with using finely chopped biomass. Based on these results, experimental studies have been done in summer 2010 with a screw press in Saint-Anne-de-Bellevue (Montreal) and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (Quebec). The effects of various compressive forces (35, 45, and 55 psi) as well as a comparison between biomass harvested and pressed in the morning and in the afternoon have been investigated. Results showed a positive impact of a higher pressure on juice extraction. A compressive force between 45 and 55 psi was found to be optimal for juice extraction. However, the compressive force has no effect on juice sugar concentration. Juice of sweet sorghum has higher sugar concentration than that of sweet pearl millet and was also extracted more easily and in a higher volume. Also, pressing in the afternoon was found to be better in terms of sugar concentration of the extracted juice. The results show that sweet pearl millet and sweet sorghum represent an interesting alternative for bioethanol production.
Thiagarajan, Arumugam. "Physiology of Low Temperature - Modulated Postharvest Needle Senescence and Abscission in Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea L.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29344/29344.pdf.
Full textPana, Massama Esso. "Impact des traitements thermiques sur la structure des protéines de lentilles et leur digestibilité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29506/29506.pdf.
Full textMost lentils produced in Canada are not processed and valorized, although they constitute an important source of proteins, the health benefits of which are now well recognized. These health benefits include the sequestration of bile acids, inhibition of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-1, lowering of cholesterol, maintaining blood sugar levels, and preventive effects against peripheral arterial disease, diabetes and cancer. However, the low digestibility and bioavailability deriving from anti-nutritional factors limit the use of lentils. This project aims to study the impact of heat treatment on the structure and digestibility of lentils’ proteins. Initially, the impact of heat treatment on the denaturation and gelation of the proteins of lentils was studied by varying environmental conditions such as the pH and ionic strength. The mechanism of formation of gels was studied by DSC, FTIR and small deformation rheology at pH 3, 7 and 9, in absence and presence of CaCl2. The results obtained from DSC indicate that at pH 3, 7 and 9, there is no significant difference (p ˂ 0.05) between the denaturation temperatures (Td). However, the Td increases in the presence of CaCl2 and is significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) when the concentration of CaCl2 reaches 50 mM. Furthermore, FTIR results show a higher intensity of the aggregation bands in the presence of CaCl2. On the other hand, small deformation rheology indicates that at pH 9, in the presence or absence of CaCl2, the elastic modulus (G’) is the highest. The impact of heat treatment on the digestibility of lentils’ proteins was then studied in vitro. The effects of digestive enzymes on native, heat denatured and gelled proteins were evaluated. The data indicate that the denatured proteins are more sensitive to proteolytic hydrolysis than the native proteins. At pH 9, the gelled proteins generate peptides with a molecular weight around 3 kDa or less, which are much smaller compared to that obtained at pH 3 and pH 7. Similarly, the presence of CaCl2 (50 mM) in different pH conditions does not affect the degradation of the gels. Although CaCl2 promotes the aggregation of lentil proteins, heat treatment is necessary to reveal the target sites of proteolytic enzymes.
Yossa, Nouaga Rodrigue. "Interactions entre la biotine et l'avidine dans la nutrition du poisson zèbre Danio rerio (HAMILTON-BUCHANAN)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28898/28898.pdf.
Full textZebrafish Danio rerio was used as model organism in the first step of a project aiming at developing a biological confinement method of farmed fish based on the interactions between biotin and avidin. The objectives of this thesis were i) to estimate the dietary biotin requirements of zebrafish; ii) to study the effects of dietary biotin and avidin on growth, survival, feed conversion, biotin status and gene expression in zebrafish; iii) to assess the contribution of the intestinal microflora to biotin supply in zebrafish, and iv) to investigate the effects of biotin on zebrafish reproduction. The first study of this thesis has demonstrated that biotin is essential for zebrafish growth and that the optimum dietary biotin requirement for maximal growth is 0.51 mg kg-1 diet. The second study confirmed the essentiality of biotin for zebrafish growth found in the first study. This study also revealed that feeding zebrafish a diet containing avidin in 60-fold excess of biotin requirement induces biotin deficiency signs in zebrafish such as retarded growth, high mortality, low condition factor, and decreased steady-state level of acetyl CoA carboxylase-A (acca) transcripts in the liver. The third study suggested that intestinal microbial synthesis is a significant source of biotin to zebrafish. Fish fed the antibiotic-supplemented diet (1% succinylsulfathiazole, mass/mass) showed lower growth, health condition, whole-body biotin content, survival and feed utilization than fish fed the biotin unsupplemented and biotin supplemented diets. The results of the fourth study demonstrated that dietary biotin affect both male and female reproductive performances; the biotin-deficient male showed lower gonadosomatic index as well as lower sperm quality and quantity, while biotin-deficient female showed reduced fertility. The results of this thesis constitute a baseline in the understanding of the interactions between dietary biotin and avidin in zebrafish nutrition on the one hand, and in the potential use of these interactions in order to develop a biological confinement strategy of farmed fish on the other hand.
D'Astous, Amélie. "Approches par communautés et par traits pour l’évaluation du succès de restauration d’une tourbière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28846/28846.pdf.
Full textThis study is about the long term evaluation of the vegetation of Bois-des-Bel peatland, restored by the “moss layer transfer” technique. The communities approach showed different vegetation structure and composition for the reference ecosystem, the non-restored section and the nine years old restored section. However, the restored section had higher abundances of 1) Sphagnum mosses which increased its dissimilarity from the non restored section and of 2) herbaceous species which increased the difference with the reference ecosystem. Traits of herbaceous species found ten years after restoration were different and more uniform than those found in the reference ecosystem, but they seemed to converge toward the latter. For herbaceous species, the former ditches of the restored section had higher traits functional diversity than peat fields ten years after restoration. Thus, the creation of shallow or deep ponds could increase diversity of the restored site.
Aflaki, Neda. "Optimization of carotenoid extraction in peel and flesh of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) with ethanol solvent." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29068/29068.pdf.
Full textThomas, Sandrale. "De la pauvreté multidimensionnelle des Femmes en Haïti (Chansolme): analyse et impact d'une stratégie de lutte." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28879/28879.pdf.
Full textThis study analyses the multidimensional poverty of the women in Haiti and the impact of a resourcefulness generating activities of income, KOFAVAC, on the living conditions of those. The analytic results of the survey carried out near the women reveal that poverty affects all the dimensions of their life. The determinants of poverty are at the same time factors related to the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the women life and her household: the size of the household, the number of children who are not attended school, the number of adults without profession and which do not undertake any gainful activity and the level of staffing off land and animals breeding. The impossibility of satisfying the needs for the household is perceived by the women as being the first sign of poverty and the factor determinant of their incapacity to remain in the system credit/saving KOFAVAC. The impact of KOFAVAC, as bearing an additional income is very weak; its support in terms of contribution to the satisfaction of the needs of food and schooling for the children is recognized by the women. Therefore, the creation of jobs and free education appear among the priority actions that the Haitian Government must undertake in Chansolme for improvement of the conditions of the population according to women's. In the same way, the search of new generating activities of incomes, assistance for housing, transformation of new products and the search for new markets are proposed by women for a better support of KOFAVAC.
Parent, Jean-Philippe. "Stabilité de la hiérarchie sociale chez les porcs femelles en croissance et les truies gestantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28557/28557.pdf.
Full textConflicting results between methods to measure social hierarchy in pigs and between repetitions of these methods could be caused by a lack of stability in the hierarchy. Five methods have been compared for eight groups of eight growing females and eight groups of six pregnant sows: group test with one and two troughs, total trough time in the group test with one and two troughs and dyadic test. Temporal stability was compared for the five methods at weeks 1, 6 and 11 and 5, 9, 13 after mixing for growing females and sows, respectively. A higher concordance between methods and temporal stability was obtained for sows compared to growing females. These results suggest that females have a more stable hierarchy during gestation than during growth.
Lemaire, Émilie. "LA LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE CONTRE LES TÉTRANYQUES DANS LES FRAMBOISIÈRES SOUS TUNNELS : Introduction d’acariens phytoséiides et modèle de simulation dynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28742/28742.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of releases of phytoseiid predatory mites (Neoseiulus fallacis, N. californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis) to suppress spider mites in high tunnel raspberries. Results suggested that phytoseiid releases are a realistic way to control spider mites and to reduce the use of acaricide in this new production system without compromising the quality of the crop. However, temperature and humidity conditions must be suitable to achieve successful establishment of predators and release rates must be sufficiently high to promote acceptable pest control. The second objective was to model the evolution of mite populations to better understand the dynamics observed under tunnels. The model developed describes the spider mite outbreak and abundance over time with a good fit. It shows that higher temperature under tunnel is a critical parameter governing predation and spider mite population increase.
Cifuentes-Araya, Nicolás. "Étude de la formation de colmatages minéraux sur les membranes échangeuses d'ions en cours d'électrodialyse de solutions salines modèles : mécanismes de formation et contrôle par des ratios de champs électriques pulsés optimisés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23460.
Full textBélanger, Valérie. "Construction d'un outil d’évaluation de la durabilité des fermes laitières québécoises : des indicateurs agroenvironnementaux, technico-économiques et sociaux comme outils de diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25406.
Full textThe notion of sustainability is included in the development of agriculture by integrating three dimensions, which are environment, economy and society. However, there are few tools for assessing farm level sustainability in the North American context. The overall objective of the research was to develop a method for assessing the global sustainability of Quebec dairy farms based on agri-environmental, technical-economic and social indicators as a self-assessment and decision-aid tool. To achieve this objective, the same methodology was used for each dimension of sustainability. The components of sustainability for each dimension were identified and defined, as well as indicators to assess the status of each component. To accomplish this, experts in the agricultural sector, including researchers, stakeholders and farmers, were consulted using two participatory processes that are the Delphi technique and the focus group. For each component, a scoring system, reference values for the indicators and weighting of these were elaborated to obtain a score for each farm. This assessment method, named DELTA, comprises a set of 43 indicators. The indicators were tested on 40 dairy farms of two contrasting agricultural regions. Finally, a validation by the user was conducted among the farmers that participated in the process from the beginning of the project. This validation consisted of three sections: the perception of the process, the consistency of the results and the utility of the tool. The results of the indicators were integrated using radar graphs, the latter allowing the rapid identification of strengths and areas for improvement for each farm. The three dimensions were equally weighted, while the weighting of components within each dimension may be different. The results demonstrate that similar farms by herd size and acreage may have different levels of sustainability. The self-assessment tool will track the evolution of a farm relative to the assessment of its sustainability and this, due to the sensitivity of the method to changes in practices that farmers will bring on to their business.
Lupien-Meilleur, Joseph. "Détermination des conditions de viabilité et de fonctionnalité de probiotiques ajoutés à une boisson santé à base de sève d'érable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29214/29214.pdf.
Full textRoy, Sophie. "Concentration immuno-magnétique et détection moléculaire des norovirus dans les aliments." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29260/29260.pdf.
Full textMaltais-Giguère, Julie. "Associations entre les symptômes dépressifs, les habitudes et les comportements alimentaires et l'indice de masse corporelle chez la femme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29493/29493.pdf.
Full textLeblanc, Benoît. "Analyse comparée des performances des systèmes de production des fermes laitières au Canada et aux États-Unis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28587/28587.pdf.
Full textLabonté, Rébecca. "Estimation de l'état physiologique de Penicillium camemberti lors de l'affinage du camembert." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29445/29445.pdf.
Full textÉlément-Boulianne, Catherine. "Influence d'un programme photopériodique alternant les jours longs et les jours courts sur la capacité de reproduction chez le bélier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23793.
Full textRieux, Christine. "Rendement et qualité du blé panifiable soumis à divers types de fertilisation azotée dans deux sols contrastants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29040/29040.pdf.
Full textDos, Passos Bernardes Amélia. "Rendement en biomasse et en sucres et valeur nutritive du millet perlé sucré et du sorgho sucré en fonction de la date de récolte et du délai entre le hachage et le pressage du fourrage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29074/29074.pdf.
Full textField studies were conducted in 2010 at Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue to compare two crops potentially used for ethanol production (sweet pearl millet/sweet sorghum), two harvest dates (August/September), and four delays between mowing and pressing the biomass (0.5, 2, 4, and 6 hours) for biomass and sugar yields and nutritive value of the forage and silage made with the residue. Sweet sorghum is a better source of sugar than sweet pearl millet. The harvest in August produces a forage and a silage of greater nutritive value, whereas the harvest in September maximizes biomass and sugar yields. The delay between mowing and pressing the biomass had no significant impact on yield and sugar concentration of the juice. Silages made from the pressed forage material of both species were well preserved.
Hudon, Anne-Marie. "Études des différences sexuelles dans les changements de concentrations de la globuline de liaison des hormones sexuelles en réponse à l'alimentation méditerranéenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29269/29269.pdf.
Full textChay, Pak Ting Bertrand. "Development of antioxidant peptide fractions from egg yolk proteins using enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration membranes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28841/28841.pdf.
Full textDelipidated egg yolk proteins are considered as a by-product in the process of the lipid and protein separation. The major proportion of yolk protein exits as lipoproteins except for phosvitin and livetins. Hen egg yolk phosphopeptides from phosvitin have demonstrated free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities against lipid peroxidation. Moreover, phosphopeptides have also been shown to provide an effective defense against oxidative stress in human intestinal epithelial cells. However, the method for producing these peptides was not applicable at large scale. The goal of this study was to develop and scale up the production of phosvitin from a commercially available delipidated egg yolk proteins and the production of antioxidant egg peptides by mean of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration (UF). Egg yolk phosvitin was concentrated and desalted from delipidated egg yolk protein by a process that involved first a salting-out with 10% NaCl (w/w) treatment followed by UF and diafiltration. Various filtration parameters such as pH, feed concentration, transmembrane pressure and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes were studied. Results showed that performance of the 10 and 30 kDa MWCO UF membranes tested were similar in terms of production and desalting capacity. However, difference in terms of permeation flux during UF was noticed with the use of the 30 kDa MWCO membrane. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to characterize the protein composition of the commercially delipidated egg yolk proteins and its UF-fractions obtained previously. Most of the vitellogenin cleavage products were identified in the crude phosvitin. Nevertheless, as compared to protein composition of fresh egg yolk, the UF-retentate profiles showed different patterns which suggest that egg yolk protein composition is modified as a result of UF-concentration. Fractionation of phosphopeptides by sequential UF with MWCO of 5 kDa and 1 kDa was performed to produce peptide fractions with increased antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity was quantified by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay to determine proton-donating capacities of the egg yolk hydrolysates. The peptide fractions with the greatest antioxidant capacity (1501.1–1886.8 µM TE.g-1 protein) were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin alone and presented some common features such as low molecular weight, composition in amino acids and phosphorus content. The enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphoproteins from commercially delipidated egg yolk proteins obtained by UF successfully produced peptide fractions with antioxidant activity, which can be increased through fractionation. The process studied in this project offers the possibility to produce egg yolk peptides with potential uses in functional and nutraceutical applications.
Cloutier, Kathleen. "Étude des perceptions des adultes québécois et des diététistes des aliments et de leur place dans une saine alimentation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29430/29430.pdf.
Full textCourchesne, Geneviève. "Déterminants de la végétation des milieux humides aménagés pour la sauvagine dans le Québec méridional." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29005/29005.pdf.
Full textEl, Kadiri Ihsane. "Contribution à l'amélioration de l'utilisation alimentaire du tourteau de canola : Décoloration par du peroxyde d'hydrogène et impact sur le produit." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29067/29067.pdf.
Full textThis research work was aimed to study the possibility of enhancing the use of canola meal as a source of food ingredients. The main objectives of this research work were to discolour the meal and to evaluate the product properties as well as the effect of the treatment on the extractability of the total dry matter, protein profile, total polyphenolics content, and overall acceptability of the end product. The constant growth of world population requires governments in all countries to develop food policies to support the nutritional needs of populations. Among the strategic means adopted, we can found the use of by-products of food processing practices for human nutritional needs. In this context, vegetable oils crushing industry provides residues which are rich in fibres and proteins. This makes them excellent raw materials for the development of new ingredients for the food industry. Canola meal is a by-product of de-oiling process of canola seeds. For example, the production of canola meal in Canada in 2007 was estimated at 2050 metric tonnes. On a dry basis, canola meal contains approximately 12-20% (w/w) carbohydrates and 35-45% (w/w) proteins. The well balanced and favourable amino acid composition of the canola meal makes this latter a potential source of proteins for human nutrition. However, high levels of antinutritional factors such as glucosinolates and phytates and the presence of phenolics prevent canola meal from being fully used in food products. Phenolics in canola meal are responsible of the dark color of the food matrices in which they are used, bitter taste, and strong undesirable smell. The level of phenolics compounds in canola meal is at least an order of magnitude higher than in soybean meal, and has to be decreased before the meal can be used as a source of food ingredients. The meal color must also be significantly improved. Enhancing the overall quality of the canola meal would contribute to both higher nutritional and monetary values of this material. Until now, there is no completely successful large scale technology for decreasing the phenolic content in canola meal and for improving its color, bitterness, and strong smell. The prupose of the present work was to develop a novel approach to improve the use of canola meal and its derivatives (proteins and fibres) as ingredients in food applications. The canola meal was successfully discolored (bleached) following a treatment with hydrogen peroxide solutions. The meal color was significantly improved and passed from L* = 45 up to L* = 78. The treatment with hydrogen peroxide allowed enhancing the extractability of the total dry matter in aqueous solutions. The initial meal extractability was approximately 22% whereas the meal treated with hydrogen peroxide was characterized by an extractability of the total dry matter of 83%. The increased solubility of the total dry matter, including proteins and fibres, will enhance the bioavailability of these ingredients. Total phenolic content was lowered by at least 93%. The extracted dry matter was characterized by very good organoleptic parameters (color, smell, and taste). The output of this research work will hopefully contribute to solving nutritional problems worldwide.
Coulombe, Marie-Christine. "Grille d'évaluation de la valorisation des fourrages dans les fermes laitières québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29008/29008.pdf.
Full textMachrafi, Younes. "Impact des résidus de désencrage du papier et des stratégies de désherbage sur la rotation soya (glycine max (L.) merr)-maïs (zea mays L.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28477/28477.pdf.
Full textChouinard, Castonguay Sarah. "Relation entre l'allaitement et le profil métabolique chez des femmes ayant eu un diabète gestationnel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29576/29576.pdf.
Full textVaillancourt, Hugues. "Exploration de comportements reliés à la prise de décision partagée en consultation nutritionnelle : quelle est l’implication du patient dans la détermination de son plan de traitement?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29525/29525.pdf.
Full textCyr, Audrey. "Impact de la consommation de produits laitiers sur l'inflammation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29575/29575.pdf.
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