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Journal articles on the topic 'S. paratyphi A'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rabbee, Md Chhanaur, Mohammad Shahriar, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuyian, Rishikesh Islam, and Md Asraful Islam. "Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of Serum Collected from Paratyphoid Patients and Normal Human against Salmonella Paratyphi." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16303.

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A comparative study of susceptibility of clinical isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi to bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was investigated. Bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was assessed after incubating the bacterial suspension of S. Paratyphi with 40% of both infected and unifected human serum at various incubation times. Eight samples of S. Paratyphi infected serum from the patients diagnosed with paratyphoid fever were used. The investigation found that the serum killed S. Paratyphi both by cl

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2

Han, Kyung Ho, Seon Young Choi, Je Hee Lee, et al. "Isolation of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+, or Salmonella Java, from Indonesia and alteration of the d-tartrate fermentation phenotype by disrupting the ORF STM 3356." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 12 (2006): 1661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46792-0.

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Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B [O1,4,(5),12 : Hb : 1,2] can cause either an enteric fever (paratyphoid fever) or self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The d-tartrate non-fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT− (S. Paratyphi B) is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, and the d-tartrate fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ (S. Paratyphi B dT+; formerly called Salmonella Java) causes gastroenteritis. S. Java is currently recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. Twelve dT+ S. Java isolates wer

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3

Mohammed, A. H.,, Na’inna, S. Z., Yusha’u, M., Salisu, B., Adamu, U., and Garba, S. A. "In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Psidium guajava Leaves Extracts against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella specie." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1721.001.

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Dried leaves of Psidium guajava obtained from Bayero University, Kano old campus were extracted using water, ethanol and chloroform solvents via percolation method. The leaves extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening to detect presence of secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella ParatyphiA and Salmonella Paratyphi B using agar well diffusion method. The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and phenols while thoseof the a

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Alhaj-Qasem, Dina M., Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh, Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola, et al. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Paratyphoid Fever: Opportunity of Surface Plasmon Resonance." Diagnostics 10, no. 7 (2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070438.

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Paratyphoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (A, B and C), and contributes significantly to global disease burden. One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of paratyphoid fever is the lack of a proper gold standard. Given the absence of a licensed vaccine against S. Paratyphi, this diagnostic gap leads to inappropriate antibiotics use, thus, enhancing antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the symptoms of paratyphoid overlap with other infections, including the closely related typhoid fever. Since the development and utilization of a standard, sensitiv

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Jacob, Jobin John, Agila K. Pragasam, Karthick Vasudevan, et al. "Genomic analysis unveils genome degradation events and gene flux in the emergence and persistence of S. Paratyphi A lineages." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 4 (2023): e1010650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010650.

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Paratyphoid fever caused by S. Paratyphi A is endemic in parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The proportion of enteric fever cases caused by S. Paratyphi A has substantially increased, yet only limited data is available on the population structure and genetic diversity of this serovar. We examined the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary trajectory of S. Paratyphi A isolates collected as part of the Indian enteric fever surveillance study “Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India (SEFI).” In the study period (2017–2020), S. Paratyphi A comprised 17.6% (441/2503) of total enteric fever

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6

Mehta, Varshil. "ENTERIC FEVER IN TRAVELERS: AN UPDATED INSIGHT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 9 (2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.14543.

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ABSTRACTEnteric fever is a broad term used to represent typhoid and paratyphoid fever which is caused by S. typhi and S. paratyphi respectively. The mostcommon cause being S. typhi, overall. However, S. paratyphi is known to infect the travelers at a higher rate. Indian subcontinent being one of the mostendemic region, it is always beneficial for the travelers to get immunized while traveling to these areas. However, Vaccination to S. paratyphi is not yetavailable, hence travelers often fall prey to the disease. The morbidity is often high but mortality is very rare, especially due to first li

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Al-Muhannak, Fadhil H. N., Hashim Ali Abdualmeer Al-sherees, Ibrahim Abed Ali Abdul Sada, Thikra Abdullah Mahmood, and Rasha Fadhel Obaid. "Detecting Phenotypic and Genotypic of the Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi Isolated from Blood Samples in Najaf Province /Iraq." Kufa Medical Journal 18, no. 2 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36330/kmj.v18i2.10292.

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Background & Objectives: Salmonella Paratyphi is a leading cause of human paratyphoid fever in developing countries, causing deaths in humans worldwide. There are several paths for catching paratyphoid fever, but the close contact between patients and healthy humans is so far the most frequent cause of human infections. No study is found about the antibiotic resistance (phenotypic and genetic) of S. Paratyphi isolated from patients in Al-Najaf Province/Iraq, to the researcher’s best knowledge. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. Paratyphi isolates from blood specimens

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Cordovana, Miriam, Norman Mauder, Markus Kostrzewa, et al. "Classification of Salmonella enterica of the (Para-)Typhoid Fever Group by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040853.

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Typhoidal and para-typhoidal Salmonella are major causes of bacteraemia in resource-limited countries. Diagnostic alternatives to laborious and resource-demanding serotyping are essential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a rapidly developing and simple bacterial typing technology. In this study, we assessed the discriminatory power of the FTIRS-based IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany), for the rapid and reliable identification of biochemically confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever-associated Salmonella isolates. In total, 359 isolates, comprising 30 S. Typ

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Buzilă, Elena Roxana, Olivia Simona Dorneanu, Felicia Trofin, Cristina Mihaela Sima, and Luminița Smaranda Iancu. "Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 3981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26093981.

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Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) A, B, and C. Globally, an estimated 11 to 21 million cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever occur annually, with approximately 130,000–160,000 deaths, most of which are reported in South/Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The antibiotic susceptibility of S. Typhi strains varies between countries within broad limits, from 3% to 97% for ampicillin, 9% to 95% for ciprofloxacin, 4% to 94% for chloramphenicol (India vs. Pakistan), and 0% to 99% for ceftriaxone (India

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Faik, Ashna J., Ali Hussain Al-wardy, and Raghad Abdul Elah Mohammad. "Multiplex PCR for Identification of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A by Selective Amplification of tyv, prt, viaB, fliC-d and fliC-a Genes." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, no. 2 (2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.2.333.

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Salmonellosis is responsible for large number of infections in both human and animals. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a causative agent of typhoid fever and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is a causative agent of paratyphoid fever. Conventional methods of isolation of Salmonella strains take 4-6 days to complete and are therefore laborious and require substiantial manpower. Therefore development of a PCR assay that can target multiple genes for rapid detection of S. Typhi and S.Paratyphi A. Methods: Synthetic primers for O, H, and Vi antigen genes, tyv , prt , fliC-d, fliC-a, and

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11

Namwin, Siourimè Somda, Juste Isidore Bonkoungou Ouindgueta, Traoré Yves, and Savadogo Aly. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Paratyphi Responsible of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers Transmitted by Environment and Food." International Journal of Sciences Volume 6, no. 2017-05 (2017): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3349890.

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This study deals with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi responsible of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers transmitted by environment and foods. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are systemic diseases caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, respectively. Humans are the only reservoir for Salmonella Typhi (which is the most serious), whereas Salmonella Paratyphi also has animal reservoirs. Humans can carry the bacteria in the gut for very long times (chronic carriers), and transmit the bacteria to other persons (either directly or via food or water contamination)

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Mylona, Elli, Duy Pham Thanh, Jacqueline A. Keane, et al. "A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 6 (2024): e0011864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864.

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Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A remain generally scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of 216 S. Paratyphi A isolates originating from Kathmandu, Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from patients with acute enteric fever and 16 from the gallbladder of people with suspected chronic carriage. By e

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Nayak, Niranjan, Rajani Shrestha, Dharm Raj Bhatta, Deependra Hamal, Supram Hosuru Subramanya, and Shishir Gokhale. "Reemergence of Chloramphenicol Sensitivity among Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi : a six year experience in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal." International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 1, no. 4 (2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2018v01i04.002.

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Emerging drug resistance among Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi has become challenging in the treatment of enteric fever. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from patients with enteric fever admitted to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara,Nepal. A total of 30 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B isolated from cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever admitted to Manipal Teaching Hospital over a period from January 2012 to March 2018 were investigated. All strains were identified by standard mic

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Alex Morel Longue Essoua, Fabrice Fabien Dongho Dongmo, Martin Luther Mogtomo Koanga, et al. "Study of coinfection of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi with Candida spp., in four hospitals of Douala- Cameroon." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 2 (2021): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0041.

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Candida spp., are saprophytic yeasts capable of creating a favorable environment for bacterial infection, amplifying or inhibiting their activity. On the other hand, bacteria produce molecules that reduce the proliferation of Candida spp or promote their adherence to surfaces. The resurgence of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in endemic individuals and the relative effectiveness of contemporary conventional therapies arouse curiosity to explore other factors that may influence, the re-emergence of infection in patients. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 2500 patients in four hospitals i

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15

Pinto, Marika, Salvatore Durante, Martina Carducci, et al. "The Salmonella Paratyphi A O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine Is Able to Induce Antibodies with Bactericidal Activity Against a Panel of Clinical Isolates." Vaccines 13, no. 2 (2025): 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13020122.

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Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers represent a global health burden, especially in Southern Asia, exacerbated by the increase in antimicrobial resistance. While vaccines against Salmonella Typhi have been successfully introduced, a vaccine against S. Paratyphi A is not available, yet. Efforts to develop an effective vaccine targeting both Salmonella serovars are currently ongoing. GVGH is developing a bivalent vaccine constituted by the Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), and the Salmonella Paratyphi A O-antigen (O:2), also conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein (O:2-CRM197).

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Nair, Satheesh, Maria Fookes, Craig Corton, Nicholas R. Thomson, John Wain, and Gemma C. Langridge. "Genetic Markers in S. Paratyphi C Reveal Primary Adaptation to Pigs." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050657.

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Salmonella enterica with the identical antigenic formula 6,7:c:1,5 can be differentiated biochemically and by disease syndrome. One grouping, Salmonella Paratyphi C, is currently considered a typhoidal serovar, responsible for enteric fever in humans. The human-restricted typhoidal serovars (S. Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C) typically display high levels of genome degradation and are cited as an example of convergent evolution for host adaptation in humans. However, S. Paratyphi C presents a different clinical picture to S. Typhi/Paratyphi A, in a patient group with predisposition, raising th

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Chhetri, A., A. Manandhar, Y. Shah, et al. "Comparision of Antibiotic Susceptility of Levofloxacin with Other Commonly Tested Antibiotics Against Salmonella Enterica Serovar (Typhi And Paratyphi A)." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2014): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10344.

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Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a global problem. Fluoroquinolones are recommended as first line therapy for children and adults infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of different classes of antibiotics with levofloxacin from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients visiting Birhospital, Kathmandu. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauerdisc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Results:

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Gajurel, Damodar, Rabi Prakash Sharma, Krishna Dhungana, Niranjan Acharya, Prasant Karki, and Sudikshya Acharya. "Age Distribution of Patients Presenting With Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 6, no. 2 (2018): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v6i2.19566.

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Background: Enteric fever is a significant cause of morbidity in Nepal. In the past, Salmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was the major causative organism of enteric fever. However, more recently, Salmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi (S.Paratyphi) A has been isolated from most patients presenting with enteric fever in various regions of Nepal. This study aimed to evaluate age differences in patients presenting with typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Materials & Methods: Between December 2014 and October 2015, 186 patients presented with enteric fever to the Civil Service Hospital in Kath

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Mohammed, A. H., Na’inna, S. Z., Yusha’u, M., Salisu, B., Adamu, U., and Garba, S. A. "Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Mangifera indica Extracts." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 1, no. 1 (2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1611.004.

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Mangifera indica leaves are used for the treatments of various ailments in folklore medicine. This research was aimed to determine phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Mangifera indica. Powdered leaves of Mangifera indica were extracted with water, ethanol and chloroform solvents via percolation method. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Paratyphi B using agarwell diffusion method. The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical tests for the presence

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Mohammed, A. H., Na’inna, S. Z., Yusha’u, M., Salisu, B., Adamu, U., and Garba, S. A. "In vitro Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Citrus aurantifolia Extracts." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1611.001.

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Leaf extracts of Citrus aurantifolia, was investigated for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Paratyphi B using agar-well diffusion and gradient serial dilution methods. Phytochemical screening was conducted in order to detect secondary metabolites. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts showed antibacterial activity againsttyphi and S. Paratyphi B. Watersoluble leaf extracts demonstrates higher zone of inhibition (19mm) against S. Paratyphi A.S. Typhi was found resistant to both water and chloroform soluble leaf extracts but sen

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Wahid, Rezwanul, Shah J. Zafar, Monica A. McArthur, Marcela F. Pasetti, Myron M. Levine, and Marcelo B. Sztein. "Live Oral Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Vaccines Ty21a and CVD 909 Induce Opsonophagocytic Functional Antibodies in Humans That Cross-React withS. Paratyphi A andS. Paratyphi B." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 3 (2014): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00786-13.

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ABSTRACTLive oralSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi vaccine Ty21a induces specific antibodies that cross-react againstSalmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi A andSalmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi B, although their functional role in clearance remains unknown. We utilized anin vitroassay with THP-1 macrophages to compare the phagocytosis and survival ofSalmonellaopsonized with heat-inactivated human sera obtained before and after vaccination with Ty21a or a live oralS. Typhi vaccine, CVD 909. Opsonization with postvaccination sera predominantly increased the phagocytosis ofS. Typhi relative to t

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Santander, Javier, and Roy Curtiss III. "Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are avirulent in newborn and infant mice even when expressing virulence plasmid genes of Salmonella Typhimurium." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 11 (2010): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1218.

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Background: Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are human host-restricted pathogens. Therefore, there is no small susceptible animal host that can be used to assess the virulence and safety of vaccine strains derived from these Salmonella serovars. However, infant mice have been used to evaluate virulence and colonization by another human host-restricted pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Methodology: The possibility that infant mice host could be adapted for Salmonella led us to investigate the susceptibility of newborn and infant mice to oral infection with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A

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Joshi, BG, K. Keyal, R. Pandey, and BM Shrestha. "Clinical Profile and Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Serotypes in Children: A Hospital Based Study." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 31, no. 3 (2011): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4382.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovara Paratyphi (S. paratyphi A, B and C). Most of the burden of the disease is limited to the developing world and the disease still has the issues like wide spectrum of clinical presentation and multidrug resistance. Objectives: This study was done to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive enteric fever. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Service Hospital fr

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Safi, Mazen, Bassam Al balaa, Samah Qasem, Laila Al Hallab, and Ayman Al-mariri. "Investigating antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from food in Syria." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 11, no. 4 (2024): 156–62. https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.3558.

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Background: The emergence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi poses a significant challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatments to combat these bacteria and reduce infection rates. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various antibiotics against S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Methods: Overall, 116 samples were collected from diverse markets in Syria. Molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, were utilized to identify the bacterial genus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, empl

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Boatemaa, Mercy Adusei, Ramachandra Ragunathan, and Jishnu Naskar. "Nanogold for In Vitro Inhibition of Salmonella Strains." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (June 19, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9268128.

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The pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhi, paratyphi, and typhimurium are the major cause of typhoid and food poisoning in children and adults in developing countries. According to WHO estimation, 22 million cases of typhoid fever and 200,000 related deaths occur worldwide each year with an additional 6 million cases of paratyphoid fever estimated to occur annually with the highest incidence in children, resulting in a high death rate. The high use of antibiotics has also given rise to drug-resistant strains. Hence, it was of importance to assess the inhibition and quick detection of pathogen

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Rahman, Sadia Isfat Ara, To Nguyen Thi Nguyen, Farhana Khanam, et al. "Genetic diversity of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 10 (2021): e0009748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009748.

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Background The proportion of enteric fever cases caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A is increasing and may increase further as we begin to introduce typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs). While numerous epidemiological and genomic studies have been conducted for S. Typhi, there are limited data describing the genomic epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A in especially in endemic settings, such as Bangladesh. Principal findings We conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 67 S. Paratyphi A isolated between 2008 and 2018 from eight enteric disease surveillance sites across Bangladesh. We performed a detailed

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Matono, Takashi, Masatomo Morita, Hidemasa Izumiya, Mitsuo Kaku, and Makoto Ohnishi. "Phylogenetic Analysis of an Unusual Increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A Infection among Travelers Returning from Myanmar." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S65—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.156.

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Abstract Background The proportion of enteric fever cases caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) has recently been increasing in Asian counties, which is a public health concern. In 2015, an unusual increase in S. Paratyphi A infection among Japanese travelers returning from Myanmar was noted, while there is little information on this uptrend in Myanmar. Methods Isolates from travelers who returned with enteric fever from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed in order to determine country-specific notification rates (epidemiological investigation). The noti

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Afroze, Samira Rahat, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Md Mehedi Hasan, et al. "Pattern of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Enteric Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience." Journal of Medicine 15, no. 2 (2014): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20684.

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Objectives: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofSalmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood culture specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, BIRDEM from July 2009 to June 2012. Standard laboratory and microbiological procedures were followed for blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Among the 97 blood culture positive samples, S. typhi was 71 (73.2%) and S. paratyphi was 26 (26.8%). Multi-drug resistant strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 23 (32.4%) and 3 (11.5%) cases respectively. Azithromycin, nalid

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Bakhrouf, Amina, Moncef Jeddi, and Michel J. Gauthier. "Survie du Salmonella paratyphi B et du Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans l'eau de mer après incubation ou lavage en présence d'osmolytes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 7 (1992): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-112.

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The authors have compared the survival in seawater of Salmonella paratyphi B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells grown at low or high osmolarity, in the presence of organic osmolytes: glycine betaine, choline, proline, and glutamate. The four substrates enhanced the survival potential of S. paratyphi B while only glycine betaine protected P. aeruginosa. In addition only S. paratyphi B cells were more resistant after a preliminary growth at high osmolarity. Both bacteria were sensitive to osmotic down-shock, sensitization of S. paratyphi B being inversely proportional (p ≥ 0.01) to the osmolarity

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Guerra, Fermin E., Joyce E. Karlinsey, Stephen J. Libby, and Ferric C. Fang. "Evasion of serum antibodies and complement by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A." PLOS Pathogens 21, no. 5 (2025): e1012917. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012917.

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Nontyphoidal and enteric fever serovars of Salmonella enterica display distinctive interactions with serum antibodies and the complement system, which initiate the host immune response to invading microbes. This study examines the contributions of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (O-ag) and the S. Typhi Vi polysaccharide capsule to serum resistance, complement activation and deposition, and immunoglobulin (Ig) binding in nontyphoidal S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and the enteric fever serovars S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Although all three serovars are resistant to serum killing, S. Typhi and S

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Wang, Jun, Hongyan Shan, Ping Li, et al. "Antibacterial Effects of Theaflavins against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella paratyphi B: Role of Environmental Factors and Food Matrices." Foods 12, no. 13 (2023): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12132615.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different environmental factors (temperature, pH, and NaCl) and food matrices (skimmed milk powder, lecithin, and sucrose) on the antibacterial activity of theaflavins (TFs) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella paratyphi B (S. paratyphi B). TFs showed a larger diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ, 12.58 ± 0.09 mm–16.36 ± 0.12 mm) value against S. aureus than that of S. paratyphi B (12.42 ± 0.43 mm–15.81 ± 0.24 mm) at the same concentration (2–10 mg/mL). When temperatures were 25–121 °C, the DIZ of TFs against both S. aureus and S.

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Qamar, Farah Naz, Asma Azmatullah, Abdul Momin Kazi, Erum Khan, and Anita Kaniz Mehdi Zaidi. "A three-year review of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A in Pakistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 08 (2014): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3817.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is among the most common bacteraemic illnesses in South Asia. Multidrug resistance as well as fluoroquinolone resistance has severely limited therapeutic options in high disease burden countries such as Pakistan. This review was conducted to determine the frequency of drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) between2009 and 2011. Methodology: This study was a review of laboratory data. The antibiotic susceptibility of typhoidal Salmonellae isolated from blood cultures submitted to the Aga

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Alfini, Renzo, Martina Carducci, Luisa Massai, et al. "Design of a Glycoconjugate Vaccine Against Salmonella Paratyphi A." Vaccines 12, no. 11 (2024): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111272.

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Background/Objectives: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever together are responsible for millions of cases and thousands of deaths per year, most of which occur in children in South and Southeast Asia. While typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are licensed, no vaccines are currently available against S. Paratyphi A. Here we describe the design of a S. Paratyphi A conjugate. Methods: The serovar-specific O-antigen (O:2) was linked to the CRM197 carrier protein (O:2–CRM197) and a panel of conjugates differing for structural characteristics were compared in mice and rabbits. Results: We identified the O-a

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Boerth, Emily M., Joyce Gong, Becky Roffler, et al. "Induction of Broad Immunity against Invasive Salmonella Disease by a Quadrivalent Combination Salmonella MAPS Vaccine Targeting Salmonella Enterica Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Typhi, and Paratyphi A." Vaccines 11, no. 11 (2023): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111671.

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Bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are most frequently attributed to invasive Salmonella disease caused by four primary serovars of Salmonella enterica: Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis. We showed previously that a bivalent vaccine targeting S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A using a Multiple Antigen-Presenting System (MAPS) induced functional antibodies against S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. In the current study, we describe the preclinical development of a first candidate quadrivalent combination Salmonella vaccine with the potential to cover all four lea

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Omotola, Justina. "Antibiotic Resistance of Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Humans in Kaduna and its Associated Factors." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000181.

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Background: Pathogenic Salmonella species cause various types of infections ranging from mild gastroenteritis to life- threatening typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi , or paratyphoid fever caused by S. paratyphi A, B or C; of which S . paratyphi A is prevalent. Currently, treatment of typhoid infection is being hampered by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, while vaccines provide only temporal or partial protection. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine antibiotic resistance of typhoid causing Salmonella isolated from human stool. Methodology: A cross-sectional desc

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Uddin, Muhammad Nazir, Alveena Mukhtiar, Muddasir Khan, Ghadir Ali, Wajid Khan, and Taj Uddin. "Antibiogram Analysis of Salmonella paratyphi A Isolated from Gall Bladder Patients in District Peshawar, Pakistan." BioScientific Review 4, no. 4 (2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.44.03.

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Salmonella paratyphi A harbors gall bladder in the human body. It serves as a site of persistence for Salmonella paratyphi A. It is an enteric pathogen which has become resistant to many drugs. Therefore, the current study was designed for the identification and antibiogram analysis of S. paratyphi A, isolated from the gall bladder patients undergone cholecystectomy. It included 250 samples of bile, stone, and tissue of patients. The samples were cultured on blood, macConkey, and Salmonella Shigella media. Further identification was carried out by morphological oxidase test and Analytical Prof

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Abdulsalami, Halimat, Yusuf Oladipupo A. Daudu, Nasiru Usman Adabara, and Rabiat Unekwu Hamzah. "Antisalmonellal Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Piliostigma thonningii leaf extract." AROC in Natural Products Research 02, no. 02 (2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocnpr02020109.

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Background: Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection which causes bacteremia and inflammatory destruction of the intestine and some internal organs in the body. The widespread emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi has necessitated the search for other therapeutic options. The study was conducted to screen the antisalmonellal activity of Piliostigma thonningii leaf crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds. Methods: The plant leaves were extracted with 70% methanol, the crude extract was partitioned into fractions and was tested for antibacteria

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Usman, Adamu, Abdulrazak M.H., Yushau M., and Salisu Baha'uddeen. "ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIALS AND TOXICITY STUDY OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF SALMONELLA SP." Science World Journal 13, no. 1 (2018): 77–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332438.

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Cassia occidentalis is an important medicinal herb in traditional healthcare practice and has been reported for various biological activities. The objective of the present study was to analyze the antibacterial potentials and toxicity study of cassia occidentalis leave extracts against clinical isolates of salmonella species. C. occidentalis leaves were extracted successively with ethanol, water and methanol as solvent using soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were obtained through rotary evaporator. The extracts were tested in vitro for activity against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and S

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ROKKAM, Rajesh, Felicity PINIPAY, Killo J. TITUS, Satyanarayana BOTCHA, and Raghavarao TAMANAM. "Antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of Cajanus scarabaeoides seed extracts: A comparative study of solvent-based phytochemical extraction." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 17, no. 1 (2025): 12249. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb17112249.

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This study investigates the antibacterial and antifungal activities of various solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol and chloroform) from Cajanus scarabaeoides seeds against both bacterial and fungal strains. The antibacterial activities were tested against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli), while antifungal activities were examined against Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. The methanol extract exhibited the highest antimic

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Mawla, Nurun Nahar, Shahin Sultana, and Munir Hassan. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility with Emergence of Multidrug Resistance of Salmonella SEROVARS Isolated from Blood in Bangladesh." Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital 20, no. 1 (2014): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v20i1.77749.

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Enteric fever continues to remain a health problem as the causative organisms Salmonella has developed resistance to many of the antibiotics used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with special reference to multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, isolated from blood culture done in private hospitals, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2012 to January 2014. In total, 31 strains of S. typhi and 10 strains of S. paratyphi A, isolated and identified by standard microbiological procedures from 917 blood

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Killmann, Helmut, Christina Herrmann, Helga Wolff, and Volkmar Braun. "Identification of a New Site for Ferrichrome Transport by Comparison of the FhuA Proteins of Escherichia coli,Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pantoea agglomerans." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (1998): 3845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3845-3852.1998.

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ABSTRACT The fhuA genes of Salmonella paratyphi B,Salmonella typhimurium, and Pantoea agglomeranswere sequenced and compared with the known fhuA sequence ofEscherichia coli. The highly similar FhuA proteins displayed the largest difference in the predicted gating loop, which inE. coli controls the permeability of the FhuA channel and serves as the principal binding site for the phages T1, T5, and φ80. All the FhuA proteins contained the region in the gating loops required in E. coli for ferrichrome and albomycin transport. The three subdomains required for phage binding were contained in the g

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Nasir, Haseeb, Hassan Shabbir, Nadia Tayyab, Sayed Tanveer Abbas, and Maryam Zafar. "A Study of Anti Microbial Resistance in Salmonella Enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A At CMH Quetta." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 75, SUPPL-1 (2025): S105—S108. https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v75isuppl-1.11059.

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Objectives: To ascertain the antimicrobial resistance of Paratyphi A and Typhi Serovars of Salmonella Enterica Study Design: Prospective Observational Study Place and Duration of Study: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at the CMH Quetta November 2022-Septmeber 2023 Patients and Methodology: The data from the lab were reviewed in this investigation Blood cultures from 1441 admitted patients from the Medicine department supplied to the laboratory of the CMH Quetta between November 2022 and September 2023 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and Typhoidal Salmonellae were isolated. Results:

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Gbolagade Morufu ADEWUYI, Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe IYEVHOBU, Bolanle Toyin ADEWUYI, Abdul-Razak McSionel MOMOH, Olowo Samuel SUNDAY, and Kennedy Oberhiri OBOHWEMU. "Seroprevalence of Salmonella infections among HIV-Infected Patients in South-South, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 1 (2024): 1980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.1.3204.

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Clinical syndromes caused by Salmonella infection in humans are divided into typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi and a range of clinical syndromes, including diarrhea disease caused by a large number of non-typhoidal salmonella serovars (NTS). One hundred (100) blood samples of compromised HIV patients were used for this study. It was found that female compromised HIV patients were more prevalent to typhoid fever than male compromised HIV patients. Patients around the age range of 26 - 35 years were more prevalent to typhoid fever while patients of the age range

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Kunwar, Dhirendra, Sabita Bhatta, Raina Chaudhary, and Komal Raj Rijal. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Isolates in Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 4 (November 16, 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21669.

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Objectives: This study was aimed to know the prevalence of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A total of 4619 febrile patients suspecting the cases of typhoid fever by clinician, attending at Shree Birendra hospital during May- November 2013 were subjected to culture. Blood sample (5ml) was collected from the suspected cases and inoculated immediately into 45ml of Brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and further processed for the identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. Typhi and S

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Chandran, Abhirosh, P. S. Suson, A. P. Thomas, Mohamed Hatha, and Asit Mazumder. "Survival of multi-drug resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi in Vembanadu lake as a function of saltwater barrier along southwest coast of India." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (2013): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.221.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the survival response of multi-drug resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi to the salinity fluctuations induced by a saltwater barrier constructed in Vembanadu lake, which separates the lake into a freshwater dominated southern and brackish water dominated northern part. Therefore, microcosms containing freshwater, brackish water and microcosms with different saline concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ppt) inoculated with E. coli/S. paratyphi were monitored up to 34 days at 20 and 30 °C. E. coli and S. paratyphi exhibited s

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Hirose, Kenji, Kazumichi Tamura, Hiroko Sagara, and Haruo Watanabe. "Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella entericaSerovar Typhi and S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 3 (2001): 956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.3.956-958.2001.

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ABSTRACT The antibiotic susceptibilities of 62 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 37 strains of S. entericaserovar Paratyphi A were investigated with 18 antibiotics. EighteenS. enterica serovar Typhi isolates and five S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, among which 10 S. entericaserovar Typhi isolates were nalidixic acid resistant and also showed decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

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Elhadad, Dana, Prerak Desai, Galia Rahav, Michael McClelland, and Ohad Gal-Mor. "Flagellin Is Required for Host Cell Invasion and Normal Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Expression by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 9 (2015): 3355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00468-15.

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Salmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi A is a human-specific serovar that, together withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi andSalmonella entericaserovar Sendai, causes enteric fever. Unlike the nontyphoidalSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium, the genomes ofS. Typhi andS. Paratyphi A are characterized by inactivation of multiple genes, including in the flagellum-chemotaxis pathway. Here, we explored the motility phenotype ofS. Paratyphi A and the role of flagellin in key virulence-associated phenotypes. Motility studies established that the human-adapted typhoidalS. Typhi,S. Paratyphi A, andS. S

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Prabhurajan, Rajan, R. Mary Esther Selvam, and Kesavaram Padmavathy. "Unusual antibiotic resistance pattern among blood culture isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi A." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 04 (2021): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12336.

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Introduction: With increasing fluoroquinolone resistance, extended spectrum cephalosporins are recommended for the treatment of invasive Salmonella infections. However, Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Salmonella Paratyphi A causing enteric fever is on the rise and constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. Hence, we aimed to assess the incidence of ESBL production, fluoroquinolone resistance in S. Paratyphi A and to compare the fluoroquinolone resistance detection methods. Methodology: Seventeen blood-culture isolates of S. Paratyphi A were tested for susceptibility to

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Soulier, Annelise, Claudia Prevosto, Mary Chol, Livija Deban, and Rocky M. Cranenburgh. "Engineering a Novel Bivalent Oral Vaccine against Enteric Fever." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (2021): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063287.

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Enteric fever is a major global healthcare issue caused largely by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. The objective of this study was to develop a novel, bivalent oral vaccine capable of protecting against both serovars. Our approach centred on genetically engineering the attenuated S. Typhi ZH9 strain, which has an excellent safety record in clinical trials, to introduce two S. Paratyphi A immunogenic elements: flagellin H:a and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O:2. We first replaced the native S. Typhi fliC gene encoding flagellin with the highly homologous fliC gene from S. Paratyp

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Boyd, Mary Adetinuke, Sharon M. Tennant, Venant A. Saague, et al. "Serum Bactericidal Assays To Evaluate Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccines." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 5 (2014): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00115-14.

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ABSTRACTInvasiveSalmonellainfections for which improved or new vaccines are being developed include enteric fever caused bySalmonella entericaserovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B and sepsis and meningitis in young children in sub-Saharan Africa caused by nontyphoidalSalmonella(NTS) serovars, particularlyS. entericaserovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Assays are needed to measure functional antibodies elicited by the new vaccines to assess their immunogenicities and potential protective capacities. We developedin vitroassays to quantify serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) activity induce

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