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Journal articles on the topic 'S. potato'
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1
Voral, V. "Potato Sázava." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, No. 4 (2011): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6085-cjgpb.
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Dědič, P., J. Ptáček, V. Horáčková, V. Matoušek, N. Čeřovská, and M. Filigarová. "Potato virus S (PVS): puzzling virus for potato breeders and seed producers." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10581-pps.
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In the framework of PVS eradication from breeding materials of Czech potato cultivars, the systematic research was devoted to: susceptibility of cultivars, occurrence of PVS in imported and domestic materials, and to maintenance of virus-free basic grades potatoes on breeding stations. In the field-exposure trials was proved high level of susceptibility of most cultivars to PVS and by contraries, gradualy increased proportion of maintained virus-free cultivars of foreign, as well as domestic origin. Nevertheless severe infestation still persist in some of them. The contemporary situation with maintenance of virus-free basic material in CR was demonstrated.
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Naderpour, M., and L. Sadeghi. "Multiple DNA markers for evaluation of resistance against Potato virus Y, Potato virus S and Potato leafroll virus." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 1 (2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/180/2016-cjgpb.
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Molecular markers within or close to genes of interest play essential roles in marker-assisted selection. PCR-based markers have been developed for numerous traits in different plant species including several genes conferring resistance to viruses in potato. In the present work, rapid and reliable approaches were developed for the simultaneous detection of Ryadg and Ry-fsto, Ns, and PLRV.1 genes conferring resistance to Potato virus Y, Potato virus S and Potato leafroll virus, respectively, on the basis of previously published and newly modified markers. The sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for Ryadg, Ns and PLRV1 and the newly modified cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker for Ry-fsto were amplified in one PCR reaction which could simply characterize Ryadg and PLRV.1 resistance. Additional digestion of amplicons with EcoRV and MfeI for genotyping the Ry-fsto and Ns resistance genes, respectively, was needed. The effectiveness of genotyping in triplex and tetraplex PCRs was tested on 35 potato varieties used for potato seed production and breeding programs.
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Srinivasan, R., and J. M. Alvarez. "Hairy Nightshade as a Potential Potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus) Inoculum Source in Pacific Northwest Potato Ecosystems." Phytopathology® 98, no. 9 (2008): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-9-0985.
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Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to potato than from potato to potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than potato.
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Goth, Robert W., and E. W. Goins. "Potato Carlavirus S (PVS) resistance of potato clone B6603-12." American Potato Journal 74, no. 4 (1997): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02851726.
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Gancheva, M. S., M. R. Losev, A. A. Gurina, L. O. Poliushkevich, I. E. Dodueva, and L. A. Lutova. "Polymorphism of CLE gene sequences in potato." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 25, no. 7 (2021): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj21.085.
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CLE (CLV3/ESR) is one of the most important groups of peptide phytohormones: its members regulate the development of various plant organs and tissues, as well as interaction with some parasites and symbionts and response to environmental factors. In this regard, the identification and study of the CLE genes encoding the peptides of this group in cultivated plants are of great practical interest. Relatively little is known about the functions of CLE peptides in potato, since the CLE genes of the potato Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk. were characterized only in 2021. At the same time, potato includes plenty of tuberous species of the genus Solanum L., both wild and cultivated, and the diversity of its forms may depend on differences in the sequences of CLE genes. In this work, we performed a search for and analysis of the CLE gene sequences in three wild potato species (S. bukasovii Juz., S. verrucosum Schltdl., S. commersonii Dunal) and four cultivated species (S. chaucha Juz. et Buk., S. curtilobum Juz. et Buk., S. juzepczukii Juz. et Buk., S. ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk.). In total, we identified 332 CLE genes in the analyzed potato species: from 40 to 43 genes of this family for each potato species. All potato species taken for analysis had homologues of previously identified S. phureja CLE genes; at the same time, the CLE42 gene, which is absent from the S. phureja genome, is present in all other analyzed potato species. Polymorphism of CLE proteins of S. commersonii is significantly higher than that of other analyzed potato species, due to the fact that S. commersonii grows in places outside the growing areas of other potato species and this potato is probably not one of the ancestors of cultivated potato. We also found examples of polymorphism of domains of CLE proteins that carried different functions. Further study of potato CLE proteins will reveal their role in development, including regulation of productivity in this important agricultural crop.
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Ismail, Sohaib, Bo Jiang, Zohreh Nasimi, et al. "Investigation of Streptomyces scabies Causing Potato Scab by Various Detection Techniques, Its Pathogenicity and Determination of Host-Disease Resistance in Potato Germplasm." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (2020): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090760.
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Streptomyces scabies is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes common scab disease to several crops, particularly in the potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, a very devastating scab pathogen and difficult to manage in the field. Streptomyces has several species that cause common scab such as S. scabiei, S. acidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. turgidiscabies, S. ipomoeae. Common scab disease harmfully affects potato economic and market value due to the presence of black spots on the tuber. Owing to its genetic diversity and pathogenicity, the determination of pathogen presence in potato fields is still challenging. In this study, S. scabies genetic diversity was measured by surveying five potato-growing areas of Pakistan during the growing season 2019. A total of 50 Streptomyces isolates, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. griseoflavus were isolated and identified based on morphologic, biochemical and molecular analysis. Virulent confirmation assays confirmed ten virulent strains of Streptomyces spp. On the potato cultivars Cardinal and Santee. Among the Streptomyces species, S. scabies showed the highest scab index, followed by S. acidiscabies and S. griseoflavus by exhibiting the scab-like lesions on potato tubers. Ten potato cultivars were screened against these virulent isolates of Streptomyces. The Faisalabad white variety showed the highest scab index followed By Cardinal, Tourag, Kuroda, Santee, Lady Rosetta, Asterix, Diamant, Faisalabad red and Sadaf. Moreover, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Streptomyces spp. on potato tubers were also likely diverse in different geographical regions and also potato cultivars. This study represents a contribution to understanding the local interaction between potatoes and Streptomyces spp. in Pakistan. It will aid in supporting a solution for the management of this pathogen around the world.
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Horton, David R., and John L. Capinera. "HOST UTILIZATION BY COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN A POTATO/WEED (SOLANUM SARRACHOIDES SENDT.) SYSTEM." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 1 (1990): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122113-1.
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AbstractA non-pest population of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was monitored in the field and in the laboratory to define some cultural and host plant factors that might prompt increased use of potato by a population locally adapted to a wild host species (Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.). This study tested whether elimination of the beetle’s natural host from plots of potato would result in increased densities of beetles on potato, and examined whether beetles showed differences in performance on and in preference for S. sarrachoides or potato. In 2 years of study, egg densities on potato were higher in weed-free than weedy plots; paired preference tests in the laboratory also indicated that beetles deposited the most egg masses (92%) on S. sarrachoides. Densities of larvae and adults on potato were not affected by weed density. Growth rates of larvae were significantly faster on S. sarrachoides than on potato for both early-season (pre 7 July) and late-season (post 21 July) foliage. Survival and adult size were not affected by host species. In choice tests, late-instar larvae preferred S. sarrachoides to potato. Host preference of larvae varied with age of foliage, and S. sarrachoides became increasingly preferred later in the growing season.
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Morelli, J. K., and M. E. Vayda. "Mechanical wounding of potato tubers induces replication of potato virus S." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 49, no. 1 (1996): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1996.0037.
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S�ez-V�squez, J., C. Theoduloz, F. Poblete, A. Contreras, E. Hubert, and L. Meza-Basso. "Chilean potato germplasm with resistance to potato viruses Y and S." Euphytica 69, no. 1-2 (1993): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00021737.
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Wardrop, Elizabeth A., A. Bruce Gray, R. P. Singh, and J. F. Peterson. "Aphid transmission of potato virus S." American Potato Journal 66, no. 8 (1989): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02855437.
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Shi, Y. Z., Q. Chen, H. Y. Li, D. Beasley, and D. R. Lynch. "Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and S. cardiophyllum." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (2006): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-076.
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The wild diploid Mexican species, Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. (2n = 2x = 24), is resistant to important potato diseases. However, introgression of resistance to the tetraploid cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.) (2n = 4x = 48) by conventional crossing is not feasible due to the difference in their endosperm balance number between these species. Somatic hybrids between S. cardiophyllum and S. tuberosum were produced for the first time by electrofusion of protoplasts isolated from young leaves of each parental line. The hybrid nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed based on morphology, chromosome number and DNA species-specific RAPD markers. All the somatic hybrids produced a violet pigmentation on their stems and petioles, which resembled the wild partner. Most of the hybrid plants had 2n = 72 chromosomes and exhibited a morphology intermediate between the two fusion parents, but with a tendency towards cultivated potato. These plants flowered and set fruit when backcrossed with their S. tuberosum fusion parent. Key words: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), S. cardiophyllum, protoplast fusion, RAPD marker
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COCA MORANTE, Mario, and Nelson TAPIA PONCE. "Viral diseases associated to wild potatoes (Solanum L. section Petota Dumort) and its conservation in Bolivia." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 3 (2021): 10986. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13310986.
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Different species of wild potatoes are distributed in highlands and inter-Andean valleys of Bolivia. In recent years, potato virus’s incidence has been reported in native and modern varieties of Andean areas of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, which could also affect wild potatoes. The main of the present investigation was to identify potato viruses using DAS ELISA in wild potatoes species, from isolated collection places and intensive potato cultivation places in the Bolivian Andean region. Folioles samples from different wild potato species were collected considering isolated distribution areas and potato cultivation intensity areas. The samples were analysed using DAS ELISA for PRX, PVY, PLRV, APLV and APMoV viruses. The results show that in the high Andean zones and inter-Andean valleys some species are contaminated with PVX, PVY and PLRV viruses and not with APLV and APMoV. In the high Andean areas with intensive potato cultivation S. acaule is contaminated with PVX and S. megistacrolobum with PVY and PLRV; however, in the inter-Andean valley areas with intensive potato cultivation, S. brevicaule is contaminated with PVY and S. berthaultii with PVY and PLRV. In isolated or remote areas S. capsicibaccatum, S. microdontum and Solanum spp. they are not contaminated with any analysed viruses.
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Chen, Qin, H. Y. Li, Y. Z. Shi, D. Beasley, B. Bizimungu, and M. S. Goettel. "Development of an effective protoplast fusion system for production of new potatoes with disease and insect resistance using Mexican wild potato species as gene pools." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 4 (2008): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07045.
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Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion is an important alternative approach for overcoming sexual incompatibility between diploid Solanum species and cultivated potatoes. However, compared with other potato species, methods for protoplast isolation and plant generation for several Mexican wild diploid potato species are not well established. In this study, a systematic procedure was designed for the isolation of a large number of high-quality protoplasts from various Mexican wild species that carry high levels of disease (late blight) and insect [Colorado potato beetle (CPB)] resistance. Using this procedure, an effective potato protoplast fusion system was developed to produce new somatic hybrids between two Mexican, one Argentina wild species, and cultivated potato clones. Regenerated plants and somatic hybrids were obtained at a high frequency from the protoplasts of the diploid wild species and their fused cells with S. tuberosum. Morphological, cytological and molecular marker analyses demonstrated that somatic hybrids were successfully obtained from the cell fusion of S. tuberosum and the diploid species S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum, and S. chacoense. Assessment of disease and insect reactions demonstrated that several of the protoplast-derived clones and somatic hybrids showed a higher level of resistance to both late blight and CPB than was found in S. tuberosum, confirming that the protoplast system is a powerful tool in potato breeding programs for the development of disease and insect resistance. This new fusion system provides breeders with opportunities to transfer disease and insect resistance genes from Mexican wild species into cultivated potato. Key words: Somatic hybrid, protoplast, fusion, potato, Solanum, late blight, disease resistance, Colorado potato beetle insect resistance
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Rogozina, E. V., and A. A. Gurina. "Composition of the collection of primitive cultivated species within the Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. and contemporary trends in their research." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 3 (2020): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-190-202.
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The diversity of potato genetic resources in the VIR genebank harbors one of the world’s first collections of primitive cultivated species. These accessions are native potato varieties cultivated by the indigenous population of South America. The oldest accessions in the collection are traced back to 1927. Approximately one fifth of the collection (106 accessions out of 573) is the unique material procured by VIR’s collecting missions to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. According to S. Bukasov’s potato classification, the diversity of South American highland potatoes explored by VIR’s collectors belongs to spp. Solanum ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk., S. × chaucha Juz. et Buk., S. mammilliferum Juz. et Buk., S. phureja Juz. et Buk., S. rybinii Juz. et Buk., S. goniocalyx Juz. et Buk., S. stenotomum Juz. et Buk., S. tenuifilamentum Juz. et Buk., S.× juzepczukii Buk., and S. × curtilobum Juz. et Buk. Within this group of species, S. × ajanhuiri, S. phureja and S. stenostomum are the closest in their characteristics to ancient domesticated forms of tuber-bearing Solanum spp. This publication is an analytical review of the current composition of the primitive cultivated potato species collection and the results of its earlier studies. Ecogeographic descriptions of the sites native for cultivated potatoes and information on the sources of the accessions are presented. A large-scale evaluation of primitive cultivated potato accessions by a set of characters, carried out in field and laboratory experiments, uncovers their breeding potential and serves as the primary information platform for further indepth research. Studying S. phureja and closely related cultivated potato species is important for finding solutions of fundamental problems in plant biology. The data arrays accumulated today would facilitate targeted selection among accessions to identify most promising ones for molecular genetic studies into the gene pool diversity of potato species.
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Zoteyeva, Nadezhda, Guna Sprūde, Natalia Klimenko, and Ieva Mežaka. "Identification of Interspecific Potato Hybrids with Combined Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) and Nematode (Globodera Rostochiensis)." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 74, no. 3 (2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2020-0030.
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AbstractLate blight (agent Phytophthora infestans) and potato cyst nematode (PCN) caused by Globodera rostochiensis are economically important pathogens, which may significantly reduce potato yields. In this study interspecific potato hybrids were used as a source of resistance for combined resistance to economically important potato pathogens: late blight and cyst nematode. The aim of our study was to identify hybrid progenies with combined resistance to both pathogens and to verify the applicability of several molecular markers associated with resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 to identify resistant plants. Ninety-two clones of eleven original interspecific potato hybrids obtained in crosses with the cultivated S. tuberosum group tuberosum, S. tuberosum group Andigena, S. tuberosum group Phureja and wild S. guerreroense, S. microdontum, S. kurtzianum, S. neoantipoviczii and S. tarijense potato species were screened in bioassays and by molecular markers. PCN resistant or moderately resistant clones were found among the progenies of nine hybrids. Results were highly correlated with resistance status detected by molecular markers linked to the H1 (marker 57R) and Gro1-4 (marker Gro1) genes. Marker CP113 (linked to the H1 gene) was not polymorphic and failed to detect resistance status. Combination of foliar late blight resistance and resistance to PCN was identified in hybrids obtained in crosses with plants of species S. microdontum, S. tarijense and S. phureja and in the hybrid between S. guerreroense and Black’s P. infestans race differential carrying gene R-5.
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Goyer, Claudia, and Carole Beaulieu. "Host Range of Streptomycete Strains Causing Common Scab." Plant Disease 81, no. 8 (1997): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.901.
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Ten Streptomyces isolates from common scab lesions on carrots (Daucus carota) were characterized. Morphological and physiological characterization of the carrot isolates established that they were closely related to S. scabies. DNA-DNA hybridization studies were carried out between DNA from the carrot isolates and DNA from two potato strains belonging to the two genetic clusters of S. scabies. Most of the carrot isolates exhibited a high level of DNA relatedness (average of 90%) to strain EF-54, which belongs to genetic cluster 1 of S. scabies. Three carrot isolates could not be included in either S. scabies genetic cluster 1 or 2. The pathogenicity of six S. scabies isolates from potato or carrot, two isolates of S. caviscabies, and one isolate of S. acidiscabies was determined on potato, carrot, radish, beet, turnip, and parsnip. All S. scabies isolates were pathogenic on carrot and radish, but pathogenicity on beet, parsnip, turnip, and potato was variable. Even though S. acidiscabies and S. caviscabies until now have been isolated only from potato, we demonstrated that isolates of these species also could infect other crops, such as radish, carrot, parsnip, and turnip.
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Lambert, Susan J., Frank S. Hay, Sarah J. Pethybridge, and Calum R. Wilson. "Spatiotemporal Spread of Potato virus S and Potato virus X in Seed Potato in Tasmania, Australia." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (2007): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0726-07-rs.
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The spatial and temporal distribution of Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus X (PVX) was studied in two trials within each of four commercial fields of seed potato var. Russet Burbank in Tasmania, Australia. In the first trial (plots) 20 leaflets were collected from each of 49 plots (each approximately 8 m wide by 10 m long), with plots arranged in a 7-×-7 lattice. In the second trial (transects), leaflets were collected at 1-m intervals along seven adjacent, 50-m long rows. The mean incidence of PVS increased during the season by 5.2% in one of four plot trials and 25.5% in one of four transect trials. The mean incidence of PVX increased during the season by 10.1%, in one of two transect trials. Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs and ordinary runs analysis detected aggregation of PVS infected plants early in the season in one and two fields respectively, suggesting transmission during seed-cutting or during planting. An increase in PVS incidence mid- to late season in one field was associated with aggregation of PVS along, but not across rows, which may be related to the closer plant spacing within rows and hence increased potential for mechanical transmission along rows. Results suggested limited spread of PVS and PVX occurred within crops during the season. Accepted for publication 9 April 2007. Published 26 July 2007.
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Daurov, Dias, Argynbayeva A.M.,, Daurova A.K.,, et al. "VIRAL DISEASES OF POTATOES IN KAZAKHSTAN." Ġylym ža̋ne bìlìm 2, no. 4(73) (2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2023-4-1-99-107.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a staple food crop worldwide, including Kazakhstan. Viral infections represent a major obstacle to sustainable potato production due to deterioration of both qualitative and quantitative indicators. To determine the current status of the main viral diseases Y, X, M, S, PLRV, plant and seed material (tubers) from different potato growing regions of Kazakhstan was sampled. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction by reverse transcription (mpRT-PCR) and primers specific for coat protein (CP) were used to amplify the corresponding viruses. Monitoring of seed material revealed that the most prevalent virus in almost all regions, was potato virus S (PVS). Analysis of plant material sampled in the fields revealed that the most common viruses in the regions were potato virus M (PVM) and potato virus S (PVS). The work done to monitor viral diseases in different regions of Kazakhstan will provide a basis for directing future efforts to control and monitor the phytosanitary status of potato in the country.
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MacKenzie, Donald J. "Genetically Engineered Resistance to Potato Virus S in Potato Cultivar Russet Burbank." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 4, no. 1 (1991): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-4-095.
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Lin, Yu-Hsuan, Dennis A. Johnson, and Hanu R. Pappu. "Effect of Potato Virus S Infection on Late Blight Resistance in Potato." American Journal of Potato Research 91, no. 6 (2014): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9394-8.
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Marczewski, W., J. Hennig, and C. Gebhardt. "The Potato virus S resistance gene Ns maps to potato chromosome VIII." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105, no. 4 (2002): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-0976-3.
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Li, Gege, Jingjing Shao, Yuwen Wang, et al. "Rychc Confers Extreme Resistance to Potato virus Y in Potato." Cells 11, no. 16 (2022): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162577.
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The Potato virus Y (PVY) is responsible for huge economic losses for the potato industry worldwide and is the fifth most consequential plant virus globally. The main strategies for virus control are to limit aphid vectors, produce virus-free seed potatoes, and breed virus-resistant varieties. The breeding of PVY-resistant varieties is the safest and most effective method in terms of cost and environmental protection. Rychc, a gene that confers extreme resistance to PVY, is from S. chacoense, which is a wild diploid potato species that is widely used in many PVY-resistant breeding projects. In this study, Rychc was fine mapped and successfully cloned from S. chacoense accession 40-3. We demonstrated that Rychc encodes a TIR-NLR protein by stably transforming a diploid susceptible cultivar named AC142 and a tetraploid potato variety named E3. The Rychc conferred extreme resistance to PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN in both of the genotypes. To investigate the genetic events occurring during the evolution of the Rychc locus, we sequenced 160 Rychc homologs from 13 S. chacoense genotypes. Based on the pattern of sequence identities, 160 Rychc homologs were divided into 11 families. In Family 11 including Rychc, we found evidence for Type I evolutionary patterns with frequent sequence exchanges, obscured orthologous relationships and high non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks), which is consistent with rapid diversification and positive selection in response to rapid changes in the PVY genomes. Furthermore, a functional marker named MG64-17 was developed in this study that indicates the phenotype with 100% accuracy and, therefore, can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs that use S. chacoense as a breeding resource.
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Gurina, A. A., M. S. Gancheva, N. V. Alpatieva, and E. V. Rogozina. "<i>In silico</i> search for and analysis of R gene variation in primitive cultivated potato species." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 28, no. 2 (2024): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-24-21.
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Pathogen recognition receptors encoded by R genes play a key role in plant protection. Nowadays, R genes are a basis for breeding many crops, including potato. Many potato R genes have been discovered and found suitable for breeding thanks to the studies of a wide variety of wild potato species. The use of primitive cultivated potato species (PCPS) as representatives of the primary gene pool can also be promising in this respect. PCPS are the closest to the early domesticated forms of potato; therefore, their investigation could help understand the evolution of R genes. The present study was aimed at identifying and analyzing R genes in PCPS listed in the open database of NCBI and Solomics DB. In total, the study involved 27 accessions belonging to three species: Solanum phureja Juz. & Bukasov, S. stenotomum Juz. & Bukasov and S. goniocalyx Juz. & Bukasov Materials for the analysis were the sequencing data for the said three species from the PRJNA394943 and PRJCA006011 projects. An in silico search was carried out for sequences homologous to 26 R genes identified in potato species differing in phylogenetic distance from PCPS, namely nightshade (S. americanum), North- (S. bulbocastanum, S. demissum) and South-American (S. venturii, S. berthaultii) wild potato species, as well as the cultivated potato species S. tuberosum and S. andigenum. Homologs of all investigated protein-coding sequences were discovered in PCPS with a relatively high degree of similarity (85–100 %). Homologs of the Rpi-R3b, Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-ber1 genes have been identified in PCPS for the first time. An analysis of polymorphism of nucleotide and amino acid sequences has been carried out for 15 R genes. The differences in frequencies of substitutions in PCPS have been demonstrated by analysis of R genes, the reference sequences of which have been identified in different species. For all the studied NBS-LRR genes, the proportion of substituted amino acids in the LRR domain exceeds this figure for the NBS domain. The potential prospects of using PCPS as sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt have been shown.
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Pelletier, Yvan, and Zane Smilowitz. "Biological and genetic study on the utilization of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes by the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say))." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-180.
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Solanum berthaultii Hawkes is used in some potato breeding programs because of its resistance to insects. This close relative of Solanum tuberosum L. may eventually be introduced as a hybrid with the potato, in the geographic distribution of the Colorado potato beetle. To evaluate the fate of such a resistant variety derived from S. berthaultii, the biological performance and the genetic potential for adaptation of the Colorado potato beetle on S. berthaultii has been evaluated. Survival, developmental time, prepupal weight, fecundity, and egg weight were the fitness parameters considered. Survival and fecundity were reduced and more variable on S. berthaultii than on S. tuberosum, but developmental time and prepupal weight were similar on both plant species. The egg weight was not affected by the plant species or the parentage and did not influence the larval fitness parameters. For all the fitness parameters studied, except egg weight, a significant effect of the "Host × Sire" component was observed, indicating a difference in the effect of the plant species between insect families. However, this interaction had an additive genetic basis only for fecundity and possibly survival. Fecundity had a significant additive genetic component only on S. berthaultii. The important covariance of the survival between plant species and the negative covariance between fecundity and survival on S. berthaultii support the hypothesis that the Colorado potato beetle would have a lower rate of increase on S. berthaultii. Our results indicated that specialization of the Colorado potato beetle on S. berthaultii is possible but should not influence its performance on S. tuberosum.
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Cervantes, Felix A., and Juan M. Alvarez. "Role of Hairy Nightshade in the Transmission of Different Potato virus Y Strains on Solanum tuberosum (L.)." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0526-05-rs.
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The complexity of the Potato virus Y (PVY) (Potyviridae: Potyvirus) pathosystem is affected by the presence of several virus strains that differ in their ability to produce tuber necrosis and by the presence of an alternate host that could increase the amount of inoculum in potato fields. Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner) is an invasive weed from South America present in Pacific Northwest potato agro-ecosystems. It serves as reservoir of PVY and its most efficient vectors: the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The role of S. sarracoides as vector and virus reservoir in PVY epidemiology was investigated through a series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments. We studied the symptoms produced in S. sarracoides upon infection with necrotic and non-necrotic strains of PVY and looked at the percentage of infection and titer accumulation of these strains. PVY infection in S. sarrachoides produced symptoms similar to those produced in PVY-infected potato plants. Mottling and yellowing were the main symptoms of infection observed in S. sarrachoides plants, especially by PVYO and PVYNTN infection. Greenhouse transmission studies revealed that PVY-infected S. sarrachoides increased the transmission rate of PVY necrotic strains by M. persicae. The necrotic strain PVYNTN reached higher titer in S. sarrachoides than in potato plants when compared to PVYO and PVYN:O These findings have broadened our understanding of the role and importance of S. sarrachoides in the PVY epidemiology in the potato ecosystems and could potentially be included in the development or optimization of virus management programs. Accepted for publication 15 March 2010. Published 26 May 2010.
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Babu, D. Ravindra, R. C. Verma, Navneet Kumar Agrawal, and Isha Suwalk. "Comparison of Adapted and Improved Feature Extraction Techniques of Different Potatoes Types using Image Processing." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 9 (2024): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.94.22.
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The characteristics of crack, rotten, sprout, skin peel and good potatoes non destructively with gray level co-occurrence matrix properties (GLCMP), radon, gabor, local binary patterns (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) with default parameters and values i.e. adapted method were compared with improved method. Gabor feature length (16) of improved method was lower compared to adapted method and improved method and it requires less time to plot gabor magnitude and spatial kernels for all potato classes. Radon feature row vector size is same for both adapted and improved methods for all potato classes but differ in column vector size. At theta value of 90° (improved method), the time taken to plot radon transforms is lower compared to adapted method (using theta value 180°). Gray level co-occurrence matrix properties (GLCMP) such as contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity values were compared to both adapted and improved methods for all potato types. Contrast values found lower in adapted method for all potato classes compared to improved method. But remaining three properties found highest in adapted method for all potato classes compared to improved method. The default values used in adapted method of HOG feature vector length (26140) is higher compared to improved method (1330) for all types of potato images. For crack and rotten potato images, an improved method required higher time to plot visualization than adapted method, while for sprout, good and skin peel images, adapted method has more visualization time. The LBP feature length in improved method was found higher (185) compared to adapted method (59) for all potato classes. The mean time to plot squared errors in adapted and improved methods for crack images were found to be 0.6378 s and 0.6305 s respectively, for rotten images 0.2098 s and 0.2622 s, for sprout images 0.1911 s and 0.2209 s, for skin peel images 0.2197 and 0.2197 s, for good images 0.2672 and 0.2565 s.
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Monneveux, Philippe, David A. Ramírez, and María-Teresa Pino. "Drought tolerance in potato (S. tuberosum L.)." Plant Science 205-206 (May 2013): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.01.011.
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Salari, Khadijeh, Hossein Massumi, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Akbar Hosseini Pour, and Arvind Varsani. "Analysis of Iranian Potato virus S isolates." Virus Genes 43, no. 2 (2011): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0619-3.
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Coombs, Joseph J., David S. Douches, Susannah G. Cooper, Edward J. Grafius, Walter L. Pett, and Dale D. Moyer. "Combining Natural and Engineered Host Plant Resistance Mechanisms in Potato for Colorado Potato Beetle: Choice and No-choice Field Studies." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 6 (2005): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.6.857.
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Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the leading insect pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern latitudes. Host plant resistance is an important tool in an integrated pest management program for controlling insect pests. Field studies were conducted to compare natural host plant resistance mechanisms (glandular trichomes and Solanum chacoense Bitter-derived resistance), engineered [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner Bt-cry3A], and combined (glandular trichomes + Bt-cry3A and S. chacoense-derived resistance + Bt-cry3A transgenic potato lines) sources of resistance for control of colorado potato beetle. Six different potato clones representing five different host plant resistance mechanisms were evaluated for 2 years in a field situation under natural colorado potato beetle pressure in Michigan and New York, and in a no-choice field cage study in Michigan. In the field studies, the S. chacoense-derived resistance line, Bt-cry3A transgenic, and combined resistance lines were effective in controlling defoliation by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Effectively no feeding was observed in the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines. The glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control, but had greater defoliation than the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the S. chacoense-derived resistance line. In the no-choice cage study, the Bt-cry3A transgenic lines and the combined resistance lines were effective in controlling feeding by colorado potato beetle adults and larvae with no defoliation observed. The S. chacoense-derived resistance line and the glandular trichome line suffered less defoliation than the susceptible control. Based on the results of the field trials and no-choice field cage studies, these host plant resistance mechanisms could be used to develop potato varieties for use in a resistance management program for control of colorado potato beetle.
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Ju, Yuanjin, Wei Sun, Zhiwei Zhao, et al. "Development and Testing of a Self-Propelled Machine for Combined Potato Harvesting and Residual Plastic Film Retrieval." Machines 11, no. 4 (2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11040432.
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A self-propelled machine for combined potato harvesting and residual plastic film retrieval is presented in this paper. The machine was designed collaboratively and built at the College of Mechano-Electronic Engineering of Gansu Agricultural University. It is intended for slow slope and horizontal terraces in hilly and mountainous areas of Northwest China, where regular-size harvesters cannot operate. The machine can realize the combined operations of potato digging, potato separation from soil and plastic film, potato collection and bagging, and residual plastic film retrieval. Through engineering analyses, the main systems of the machine were calculated, and their operating parameters were estimated. These include the digging and lifting device, the potato–plastic-film separation device, and the residual plastic film retrieval device. Field tests were performed at a 0.5 m/s driving speed of the machine, while the linear speed of the lifting chain of the digging and lifting device was 1.5 m/s, the tilting angle of the conveying chain of the potato and plastic film separation device was 50°, its linear speed was 0.6 m/s, and the linear speed of the lifting screen of the circulating lifting device was 0.7 m/s. With these settings, the average productivity of the machine was 0.12 ha/h. The loss rate, damage rate, and potato bruising rate were 1.8%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, respectively; the potato impurity rate was 3.6%; and the residual plastic film retrieval rate was 83%—all above industry standards. This research provides a solution to the problem of mechanized potato harvesting and plastic mulch retrieval on small, slopped plots of land in Northwest China and in other parts of the world where similar conditions exist.
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Kowalski, Stanley P., John M. Domek, Lind L. Sanford та Kenneth L. Deahl. "Effect of α-Tomatine and Tomatidine on the Growth and Development of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Studies Using Synthetic Diets". Journal of Entomological Science 35, № 3 (2000): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.290.
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Glycoalkaloids are found throughout the genera Solanum (potato) and Lycopersicon (tomato). Certain glycoalkaloids, i.e., α-tomatine, solanocardenine, and leptine, have been implicated as resistance factors to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. The allelochemical properties of these glycoalkaloids have primarily been demonstrated by studies in planta, correlating Colorado potato beetle resistance with high levels of foliar glycoalkaloids: solanocardenine in S. neocardenasii, α-tomatine in S. pinnatisectum, and leptine in S. chacoense. Although the evidence that these glycoalkaloids mediate resistance is compelling, controlled analyses of Colorado potato beetle response to purified glycoalkaloids, fed to insects in synthetic diets, are necessary to characterize the allelochemic nature of these compounds. In this study, Colorado potato beetle reared on a meridic, synthetic diet supplemented with increasing concentrations of α-tomatine exhibit retarded growth and delayed development. These effects were evident throughout the insects' development, from egg to prepupal stage. Tomatidine (the aglycone of α-tomatine) has no effect on Colorado potato beetle, suggesting that the tetrasaccharide moiety of the glycoalkaloid is essential for insecticidal activity, consistent with a membrane-lytic mechanism of action.
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Salim, Md. "Effect of plant density and varieties on seed size potato tuber production and fresh tuber yield." International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (2024): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14288687.
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Farmers in Munshiganj region are using different spacing below or above the national recommendation depending on the purpose of planting either for seed tuber or consumption due to lack of recommended plant spacing. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre (TCRSC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Munshiganj during 2023-24 with four types of spacing like S<sub>1</sub>=75cm x 30cm, S<sub>2</sub>=60 cm x 25cm (Control), S<sub>3</sub>=50cm x 20cm and S<sub>4</sub>=30cm x 15cm under four varieties viz. V<sub>1</sub>=BARI Alu-25, V<sub>2</sub>=BARI Alu-37, V<sub>3</sub>=BARI Alu-62 and V<sub>4</sub>=BARI Alu-79 with a view to find out suitable spacing for seed size potato tuber (28-40mm) production and fresh tuber yield in Munshiganj region. Results showed that the maximum (61.96%) seed size (28-40mm) potato tuber (% number) was produced by treatment combination V<sub>1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> which was statistically at par V<sub>1</sub>S<sub>3 </sub>and statistically similar with V<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4, </sub>V<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3,</sub> V<sub>3</sub>S<sub>3</sub> etc. Closer spacing is more suitable for seed size potato tuber production than wider spacing. In case yield, the maximum tuber yield (35.27 t/ha) was obtained from treatment combination V<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub> which was statistically similar to V<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4, </sub>V<sub>1</sub>S<sub>4, .</sub>V<sub>1</sub>S<sub>3 </sub>etc. Therefore, considering the seed size potato tuber production, final yield and yield contributing characters sowing of potato BARI Alu-25, BARI Alu-37, BARI Alu-62, BARI Alu-79 with closer spacing (30cm x 15cm) may be practiced to cultivate seed size potato tuber in our country.
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Bittner, Heide, G. Schenk, G. Schuster, and S. Kluge. "Elimination by chemotherapy of potato virus S from potato plants grown in vitro." Potato Research 32, no. 2 (1989): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02358230.
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Hasan, Md Mahadi, Md Sohel Rana, Nizam Uddin, Kazi Jamiur Rahman, and Sanchita Sharmin Chowdhury. "Comparative Evaluation of Solanum tuberosum L. and Manihot esculenta Starch as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Assessment by Preformulation Studies." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17, no. 2 (2015): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22328.
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This investigation was aimed at comparing the newly developed starches from two grains; Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Cassava (Manihot esculenta). The presence of starch in as these grains vary and thus their use as pharmaceutical excipients will depend on the degree of their starch functionality. The organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics such as viscosity, swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, pH, flow rate, Carrs index, and Hausners ratio were evaluated. The powders passed the identification and solubility tests as required by the British Pharmacopoeia. Cassava starch showed the least Carrs index, Hausners ratio and moisture sorption capacity but displayed more angle of repose and true density than the potato starch. In contrast, potato starch showed the highest hydration and swelling-capacity. That is why, potato starch could be a better tablet disintegrant compared to cassava starch. The results obtained demonstrated that between the two starches in relation to their flow ability, cassava starch possesses the best flow property. Infrared (IR) spectra of potato and cassava starch with the drug sample (Etoricoxib) were seen to retain the individual peak of potato and cassava starch and the IR spectra showed that there was no interaction of starch with the drug. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22328 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(2): 128-134, 2014
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Ahmadvand, R., A. Takács, J. Taller, I. Wolf, and Z. Polgár. "Potato viruses and resistance genes in potato." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 3 (2012): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.3.10.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It is the most economically valuable and well-known member of the plant family Solanaceae. Potato is the host of many pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, Phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids and nematodes, which cause reductions in the quantity and quality of yield. Apart from the late blight fungus [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] viruses are the most important pathogens, with over 40 viruses and virus-like pathogens infecting cultivated potatoes in the field, among which Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus M (PVM) are some of the most important viruses in the world. In this review, their characteristics and types of resistance to them will be discussed.
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Khalil, M. M. A., M. M. Samy, A. M. H. Abd El Aal, and A. H. Hamed. "The Effect of Light Quality and Intensity on <em>in vitro</em> Potato Cultures." Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka 18, no. 3 (2023): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v18i3.9930.
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Purpose: The study investigates the effect of light quality and intensity factors on in vitro potato meristem cultures and multiplication for optimization of pre-basic seed potato productions of some potato varieties.Research Method: In vitro experiments were conducted to study the response of meristems and nodal cuttings of five potato varieties, i.e., Cara, Hermes, Lady Rosetta, Santana, and Spunta, to four LED light qualities (blue, red, red+blue, or white) for five potato varities. Also, the response of nodal cuttings was examined under three light intensities (50, 75 and 100 μmol m-2 s-1).Findings: Significant differences were obtained between the four tested light qualities. Red LED gave the best meristem survival rates of the Cara, Hermes, Lady Rosetta, and Spunta potato varieties. In the multiplication phase, a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher plantlet length was obtained from nodal cuttings under red light quality. Also, white and red light produced vigorous plantlets, expressed as higher significant dry weight (82.2 and 80.4 mg/plantlet, respectively). Increasing light intensity from 50 to 75 and 100 μmol m-2 s-1 resulted in increases in leaf number, stem diameter, root length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and dry weight.Originality/value: White LED light quality enhanced in vitro initiation of potato meristems. Furthermore, Light intensity of 75 μmol m-2 s-1 gave better performance of potato plantlets in vitro.
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Hrytseva, Nataliia, Tetiana Babych, Anna Andriienko, Ksenia Rubanik, and Yuliia Yumyna. "ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE TO THE PATHOGEN OF SOFT ROTAND BLACKLEG COMMON IN UKRAINE POTATO VARIETIES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 95, no. 4 (2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728.2748.2023.95.39-44.
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B a c k g r o u n d . The potato crop is affected by various diseases, including blackleg and soft rot caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum. One of the reasons for the rapid spread of these bacterial pathogens is the absence of commercial potato varieties with natural immunity to blackleg and soft rot. While some potato varieties may exhibit partial resistance, the lack of complete resistance contributes to the widespread occurrence of these diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the resistance of potato varieties most common in Ukraine to blackleg and soft rot pathogens. M e t h o d s . Potato varieties from different region of Ukraine were used in the study. 24 h culture of Pectobacterium atrosepticum B-1084T was used for assessing potato sensitivity to soft rot and blackleg. Potato susceptibility to soft rot pathogen was evaluated by two criteria: disease incidence (%) and disease severity (weight and area of macerated tissue). R e s u l t s . Potato tubers of different varieties, as well as of the same varieties, but grown in different regions of Ukraine, showed different levels of resistance to the museum strain of soft rot and blackleg pathogen. The disease incidence – the proportion of tubers with symptoms of rotting for all analyzed potato varieties reached 100 %.Tubers of the Riviera variety obtained from the Odesa region were significantly more affected by the pectolytic enzymes of P. atrosepticum B-1084T as compared to tubers of other cultivars: macerated area in tubers of this variety was 1.5 times higher than those in Queen Anne, Riviera (Chernihiv) and Bellarosa (Odesa) varieties. The median of maceration area of Picasso and Bellarosa (Chernihiv) tubers were 2.5 times smaller than that in the Riviera variety. These patterns of sensitivity to soft rot and blackleg pathogen were also confirmed by the results of comparative assessment of the weight of. C o n c l u s I o n s . Thus, Riviera potato variety was most susceptible to the infection with soft rot and blackleg pathogen. Potato cultivar Picasso was the least sensitive to P. atrosepticum B-1084T. Potato tubers of the same variety grown in different regions of the country had different susceptibility rates to the soft rot and blackleg pathogen, indicating that the field effect outweighs the influence of genotype.
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Clark, C. A. "Influence of volatiles from healthy and decaying sweet potato storage roots on sclerotial germination and hyphal growth of Sclerotium rolfsii." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (1989): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-008.
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Volatiles released from sweet potato storage root tissue infected by different sweet potato storage root pathogens stimulated eruptive germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii but did not influence the direction of hyphal growth on agarose. Volatiles from healthy sweet potato storage root tissue did not affect percent hyphal or eruptive germination of sclerotia of S. rolfsii but stimulated directional growth of hyphae toward the healthy tissue. In laboratory experiments, the frequency of infection of sweet potato stem segments by S. rolfsii on the surface of natural soil was increased when sclerotia were incubated in the presence of decaying sweet potato storage root tissue. Incidence of sclerotial blight lesions on sprouts in plant beds was increased in the presence of roots infected by Fusarium solani or Erwinia chrysanthemi. Volatiles from decaying sweet potato mother roots may predispose sweet potatoes to sclerotial blight.
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Luthra, Satish K., Vinod Kumar, and Jagesh K. Tiwari. "Potato: Breeding and Genomics." Vegetable Science 50, Special (2023): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2023.v50.spl.03.
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The commonly cultivated potato is a tetraploid and belongs to the species Solanum tuberosum, which includes two subspecies viz. ssp. tuberosum adapted to long days and ssp. Andigena adapted to short days. The conventional potato breeding programmes depend mainly on the identification of promising parental lines for making desired crosses, the creation of genetic variability through the crossing and subsequently the selection of desirable recombinants for further evaluation and vegetative propagation. During the last seven decades, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR -CPRI) has developed and released as many as 69 improved varieties and one TPS population. These varieties cater to the need of the farmers across the country; and have superior agronomic attributes and resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. The somatic hybrids has been produced successfully by utilization of wild solanum species like S. etuberosum, S. cardiophyllam and S. pinnetisectum. Further, considerable work has been done in potato applying molecular biology and genomics approaches to address biotic and abiotic stress and quality traits.
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Bisognin, Dilson A., and David S. Douches. "Genetic Diversity in Diploid and Tetraploid Late Blight Resistant Potato Germplasm." HortScience 37, no. 1 (2002): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.1.178.
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An understanding of the genetic relationship within potato germplasm is important to establish a broad genetic base for breeding purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum Hawkes) germplasm that can be used in the development of cultivars with resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Thirty-three diploid and 27 tetraploid late blight resistant potato clones were evaluated for their genetic diversity based on 11 isozyme loci and nine microsatellites. A total of 35 allozymes and 42 polymorphic microsatellite fragments was scored for presence or absence. The germplasm was clustered based on the matrix of genetic similarities and the unweighted pair group means analysis of the isozyme and microsatellite data, which were used to construct a dendrogram using NTSYS-pc version 1.7. Twenty-three allozymes and DNA fragments were unique to the wild species. The diploid Solanum species S. berthaultii Hawkes and S. microdontum Bitter formed two distinct phenetic groups. Within S. microdontum, three subgroups were observed. The tetraploid germplasm formed another group, with S. sucrense Hawkes in one subgroup and the cultivated potato and Russian hybrids in another subgroup. Based upon the genetic diversity and the level of late blight resistance, S. microdontum and S. sucrense offer the best choice for strong late blight resistance from genetically diverse sources. This potato germplasm with reported late blight resistance should be introgressed into the potato gene pool to broaden the genetic base to achieve stronger and more durable resistance.
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Zeng, Yuan, Ana Cristina Fulladolsa, Andrew M. Cordova, Patrick O’Neill, Stewart M. Gray, and Amy O. Charkowski. "Evaluation of Effects of Chemical Soil Treatments and Potato Cultivars on Spongospora subterranea Soil Inoculum and Incidence of Powdery Scab and Potato Mop-Top Virus in Potato." Plant Disease 104, no. 11 (2020): 2807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-19-2202-re.
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Spongospora subterranea is a soilborne plasmodiophorid that causes powdery scab in potato. It also transmits potato mop-top virus (PMTV), which causes necrotic arcs (spraing) in potato tubers. Three field experiments were conducted in naturally S. subterranea-infested soil to investigate the effects of two chemicals, Omega 500F (fluazinam) and FOLI-R-PLUS RIDEZ (biological extract), on powdery scab, PMTV, and changes in S. subterranea inoculum with six different potato cultivars. The efficacy of soil treatment with these two chemicals on tuber lesions, root galling, and pathogen population was also assessed in greenhouse trials. The chemical treatments did not reduce powdery scab, root gall formation, or S. subterranea inoculum in the field or greenhouse trials. Postharvest S. subterranea soil inoculum in fields varied across farms and among potato cultivars but the pathogen population consistently increased by the end of the growing season. The evaluated russet cultivars were more tolerant to powdery scab than the yellow- or red-skinned cultivars but all were susceptible to PMTV. In the field, powdery scab indices and soil inoculum changes were positively correlated, while postharvest S. subterranea inoculum was positively correlated with root galling in both greenhouse trials. Powdery scab and PMTV occurred in noninoculated potting mix, indicating that peat-based potting mix is a source for both pathogens. These results demonstrate that chemical management methods currently used by farmers are ineffective, that S. subterranea and PMTV in potting mix can cause severe epidemics in greenhouses, and that potato cultivar choices impact inoculum increases in soil.
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Zhang, Xiao-yu, Chi Li, Jian-jun Hao, et al. "A Novel Streptomyces sp. Strain PBSH9 for Controlling Potato Common Scab Caused by Streptomyces galilaeus." Plant Disease 104, no. 7 (2020): 1986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-19-1469-re.
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Potato common scab is an important soilborne disease worldwide that can significantly reduce the quality and economic values of potato. The disease is caused by multiple species of Streptomyces, which are not well controlled due to lack of effective strategies. Streptomyces galilaeus has been recently identified as a dominant species causing potato common scab in Inner Mongolia, China. This study was focused on screening and characterizing antagonists for biological control against pathogenic S. galilaeus. Bacterial strain PBSH9 was isolated from a potato tuber. PBSH9 was identified as a Streptomyces sp. on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as DNA sequence analysis. PBSH9 inhibited S. galilaeus with a diameter of inhibitory zone of 19.8 mm on agar plates. The extracellular filtrate of PBSH9 also inhibited S. galilaeus growth with a diameter of inhibition zone of 10.0 mm. Furthermore, PBSH9 promoted potato sprouting and emergence. Disease control was up to 81.88% in greenhouse trials, and from 47.64 to 73.97% in 3-year field trials. Among the tested inoculation methods, seed treatment was more effective than soil drenching for PBSH9 application. PBSH9 not only effectively controlled potato common scab but also increased potato growth. Thus, it can be a potential candidate for biocontrol agent.
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Siri, M. I., A. Sanabria, and M. J. Pianzzola. "Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Causing Bacterial Wilt of Potato in Uruguay." Plant Disease 95, no. 10 (2011): 1292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0626.
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Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major disease affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Although local reports suggest that the disease is widespread in Uruguay, characterization of prevalent R. solanacearum strains in that country has not been done. In all, 28 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from major potato-growing areas in Uruguay were evaluated, including 26 strains isolated from potato tubers and 2 from soil samples. All strains belonged to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1 (race 3, biovar 2). Genetic diversity of strains was assessed by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction, which showed that the Uruguayan strains constituted a homogeneous group. In contrast, inoculation of the strains on tomato and potato plants showed, for the first time, different levels of aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains belonging to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1. Aggressiveness assays were also performed on accessions of S. commersonii, a wild species native to Uruguay that is a source of resistance for potato breeding. No significant interactions were found between bacterial strains and potato and S. commersonii genotypes, and differences in aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains were consistent with previously identified groups based on tomato and potato inoculations. Moreover, variation in responses to R. solanacearum was observed among the S. commersonii accessions tested.
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Keinath, Anthony P., and Rosemary Loria. "Melanin-producing Streptomyces spp. respond to potato plant growth and differentially to potato cultivars." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 4 (1990): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-048.
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Population dynamics of Streptomyces spp. producing melanoid pigments were monitored in field plots planted to the potato cultivars 'Chippewa' (susceptible to common scab) or 'Superior' (resistant), and in fallow control plots. Relative frequencies of streptomycetes most commonly isolated from soil, the rhizosphere, and potato tuber surfaces were determined during two growing seasons. Shannon indices of diversity indicated populations in soils planted to potatoes were more diverse than populations in fallow soil. In 1986, S. diastatochromogenes and S. longisporus accounted for ≥38% of all streptomycetes observed in all three environments. In 1987, S. diastatochromogenes was observed frequently in soil, while S. longisporus was observed rarely in all environments. Relative numbers of three Streptomyces spp. differed in the rhizospheres of 'Chippewa' and 'Superior' (P ≤ 0.05). This is the first report of a differential response of Streptomyces spp. to potato cultivars. Key words: rhizosphere, Solanum tuberosum, Streptomyces spp., melanin.
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Gitari, Harun I., Shadrack O. Nyawade, Solomon Kamau, Charles K. K Gachene, Nancy N. Karanja, and Elmar Schulte-Geldermann. "Increasing potato equivalent yield increases returns to investment under potato-legume intercropping systems." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (2019): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0062.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn order to enhance sustainable intensification of potato-based cropping systems, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is a need to investigate the economic viability of investing in this lucrative venture. This study evaluated the economic returns under legume intercropping systems using value/cost ratio (VCR) and benefit/cost ratio (BCR) under treatments comprising of potato intercropped with dolichos (Lablab purpureus L.) (P-D), climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (P-B) and garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) (P-G), and a potato pure stand control (P-S). Across the seasons, tuber yield was not significantly (p < 0.05) affected by intercropping with P-D, whereas under P-B and P-G, it decreased by 19% and 16%, respectively compared to P-S. P-G, P-B and P-D recorded 6, 7 and 12% higher potato equivalent yield (PEY) relative to P-S. P-D was the most profitable intercropping system with VCR of 35 and BCR of 5.1 as compared to values recorded in P-S of 31 and 5, respectively. Regression of VCR against PEY resulted in a stronger coefficient (0.98) compared to that of BCR against PEY (0.82) implying that VCR is a simple tool that could be adopted for economic returns to investment studies such as potato-legume inter-cropping systems.
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SINGH, R. P., A. BOUCHER, and T. H. SOMERVILLE. "DETECTION AND OCCURRENCE OF PRIMARY INFECTION BY POTATO VIRUS S OF DISEASE-FREE PLANTS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 4 (1989): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-162.
Full textAbstract:
Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and potato plantlets of cultivars Green Mountain, Red Pontiac, Russet Burbank and Shepody, potato virus S (PVS) was detected in primary infected plants under field conditions. Potato virus S was detected 3 wk postinoculation (p.i.) from the field-grown plants as compared to 2 wk p.i. from greenhouse-grown plants. Potato virus S concentration in infected plants remained high throughout the growing season. The ELISA test using dormant tubers was not reliable because A405 nm values overlapped between infected and healthy tubers. Exposure of healthy plants to PVS sources in the field resulted in high infections with PVS by the 9th wk of growth. This pattern of infection suggests involvement of aerial vectors in the transmission of PVS under conditions of the Atlantic region of Canada.Key words: Current year infection, ELISA, dormant tubers, spread of PVS
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Woodhall, James W., Lara Brown, Miranda Harrington, Nora Olsen, Jeff Miller, and Kasia M. Duellman. "Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Causes Decay and Forms Sclerotia in Potato Tubers in Idaho." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (2020): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-04-20-0032-rs.
Full textAbstract:
Potato tubers (cultivar ‘Austrian Crescent’) displaying a dry rot decay symptom and internal sclerotia were received for diagnosis. Isolations were attempted from symptomatic material, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was frequently recovered. Pathogenicity tests for S. sclerotiorum in potato tubers were completed using agar plugs with S. sclerotiorum placed over tuber wounds and through injecting stolon end with a S. sclerotiorum hyphal suspension. Both inoculation methods induced decay symptoms, although these were observed less frequently with the agar plug inoculation (37.5%) compared with hyphal injection (100%). S. sclerotiorum was consistently reisolated from inoculated symptomatic tubers. This symptom is rare, but potato growers should be aware that tuber infection is possible when white mold is present.
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Harahap, Mawaddah, Adrian Christian Wijaya, Samuel Henock Hasangapon Pasaribu, Giovan Sembiring, and Kenjiro Christian Ginting. "Edge Detection Of Potato Leaf Damage With Laplacian Of Gaussian Algorithm." SinkrOn 7, no. 3 (2022): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i3.11583.
Full textAbstract:
The Potato plants are type young plant that easily attacked by pests and diseases, part of plant that often attacked by disease is leaves which can affect growth process and reduce crop yields. One way to determine if potato leaf is healthy or unhealthy is by using the edge detection method. Crop failure in potato plants can be detected through damage to leaves. The purpose of this study was to help facilitate identification type of damage to leaf margins of potato plants by applying the Laplacian of Gaussian algorithm. Based on results of testing on several research datasets sourced from the Agricultural Sector of the Karo Regency Government through an application of edge image detection on potato plant leaves through a grayscale, threshold and detection process with the Laplacian of Gaussian algorithm. It takes the longest time of 12.34 s with an error of 1.45 on the type of damage caused by aphids and at least 6.03 s with an error of 0.71 on the normal leaf edge detection results. Based on test results on 17 potato leaf images, the average test time is 8.45 s
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Antonova, O. Yu, A. P. Yermishin, A. V. Levy, A. S. Ageeva, E. V. Voronkova, and T. A. Gavrilenko. "Development of chromosome-specific markers for a study on introgressive hybridization of potato with the wild Mexican allotetraploid species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 2, no. 4 (2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2019-4-o3.
Full textAbstract:
In order to involve valuable germplasm of the wild Mexican allotetraploid potato species Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. (genomic composition ААВВ) into breeding, pentaploid interspecific hybrids (ААAAВ) with cultivated potato S. tuberosum L. (АААА) and their backcross progenies are usually used. Homologous synapsis in meiosis of such hybrids is expected only between chromosomes of the A subgenome, therefore a question arose about a possibility of introgressing genetic material of the subgenome B into the A genome of cultivated potato. In this connection, development of various schemes for the B subgenome introgression into the genome of cultivated potato is considered as a topical issue. The previous research has yielded four schemes of S. stoloniferum involvement into breeding, which imply backcrossing with cultivated potato of the following interspecific hybrids: (1) hexaploids (genomic composition ААААВВ, the conventional introgression scheme), (2) tetraploids (putatively, АААВ), (3) self-pollination progeny of a 4x hybrid and (4) pentaploid hybrids with a putative genome composition of АААВВ. The present paper presents the first results of the development of chromosome-specific DNA markers for the identification of S. stoloniferum chromosomes in interspecific hybrids. An S. stoloniferum accession PI 205522 with a high degree of resistance to late blight and PVY had been found to possess several DNA-markers of the R-genes conferring resistance to these pathogens and was used in hybridization as a promising parent. A set of 23 SSR- and CAPS markers with the known chromosome location in S. tuberosum was generated. These markers detect polymorphism between parent genotypes, i.e., the diploid clone IGC 10/1.21 of cultivated potatoes S. tuberosum, and accession PI 205522 of S. stoloniferum. All the markers specific for the wild species were found in triploid (ААВ) and pentaploid (АААВВ) hybrids of S. stoloniferum × S. tuberosum. This set of markers will be used for efficiency assessment of different schemes for S. stoloniferum genetic material introgression into the obtained BC2-BC3 generations after crossing the interspecific hybrids with cultivated potato.