Journal articles on the topic 'S. tryonii'

Stackhousia tryonii Bailey, which appears to be endemic to the serpentinite soils of the Port Curtis district, central Queensland, is a hyper-accumulator of nickel. Concentrations of this element reach 1-20% of the dry weight of the leaves and 0.1-1% in other parts of the plant. This is the first discovery of such behaviour in a plant from eastern Australia. S. tryonii is easily distinguishable from the Queensland occurrences of a related species, S. monogyna Labill., by its smaller inflorescences and muchbranched, tufted, slender stems and distinctive sparsely tuberculate seed coat. S. monogyna shows no abnormal nickel accumulation. Detailed diagnostic comparative descriptions of S. tryonii and S. monogyna are provided, and notes are given on the ecology and distribution of the two species.

To elucidate the evolutionary origin of nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulation by the Australian serpentinite-endemic plant Stackhousia tryonii Bailey, phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA for Stackhousia and its close relatives were combined with assays of plant-tissue Ni concentrations. Thirty-five plants from 20 taxa were analysed by sequencing nuclear rDNA (ITS) and the plastid trnL–F region. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data was conducted under maximum parsimony and Bayesian search criteria. In all, 100 plants from 39 taxa, including all 33 Stackhousia species, were analysed for Ni concentration by radial inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). In phylogenetic analyses, S. tryonii was monophyletic, nested within a monophyletic Stackhousia. Only S. tryonii contained concentrations of Ni above the hyperaccumulation threshold (0.1%; 1000 ppm), containing between 0.25% (2500 ppm) and 4.1% (41 000 ppm) Ni by dry weight. Nickel-hyperaccumulation ability appears to have been acquired once during diversification of Stackhousia, by S. tryonii.

Stackhousia tryonii Bailey is a rare, serpentine-endemic herb, with potential for use in phytoremediation and/or phytomining. This study evaluates the use of herbaceous heel cuttings to propagate S. tryonii on three rooting media [sand, Medium I; a commercial nursery mix, Medium II; and sand : peat moss : perlite (2 : 2 : 1; v/v), Medium III] following the application of plant growth hormones, viz. indole-3-butyric acid and naphthalene acetic acid (both as pure and commercial formulations, viz. Clonex Gel-green, Gel-purple and Gel-red), and honey. Cutting survival, rooting percentage, the number of primary and secondary roots produced, the length of the longest root and the total root length were evaluated after 10 weeks. Results show that there was a positive (P < 0.001) influence of plant growth regulator treatments on cuttings' survival. Medium III failed to support survival of cuttings. Percentage rooting (as a proportion of original number of cuttings) was 10–30% higher in Medium I than in Medium II. Cuttings treated with Clonex Gel-red, IBA at 1000 ppm and NAA at 250 ppm had 60–70% higher percentage rooting in Medium�I than in Medium II. Total number of primary roots per rooted cuttings was significantly (P�<�0.05) higher in Medium I with Clonex Gel-red and NAA at 1000 ppm. Treatments did not have significant effects on the number of secondary roots, the length of the longest root and the total root length. However, values for these parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Medium I than in Medium II. We conclude that cuttings from mature plants of S. tryonii could be used effectively to multiply S. tryonii, particularly with sand as rooting medium and prior to treatment of cuttings with Clonex Gel-red.

Stackhousia tryonii Bailey is one of the three nickel hyperaccumulators reported from Australia. It is a rare, herbaceous plant that accumulates (Ni) both in leaf and stem tissues. Localisation of Ni in leaf and stem tissues of S. tryonii was studied using two micro-analytical techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (micro-PIXE). Dimethylglyoxime complexation of Ni was also visualised by bright- and dark-field microscopy, but this technique was considered to create artefacts in the distribution of Ni. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometric analysis indicated that guard cells possessed a lower Ni concentration than epidermal cells, and that epidermal cells and vascular tissue contained higher levels of Ni than mesophyll, as reported for other Ni hyperaccumulators. The highest Ni concentration was recorded (PIXE quantitative point analysis) in the epidermal cells and vascular tissue (5400 μg g–1 DW), approximately double that recorded in palisade cells (2500 μg g–1 DW). However, concentrations were variable within these tissues, explaining, in part, the similarity between average Ni concentrations of these tissues (as estimated by region selection mode). Stem tissues showed a similar distribution pattern as leaves, with relatively low Ni concentration in the pith (central) region. The majority of Ni (73–85% for leaves; 80–92% for stem) was extracted from freeze-dried sections by water extraction, suggesting that this metal is present in a highly soluble and mobile form in the leaf and stem tissues of S. tryonii.

Fruit production is negatively affected by a wide range of frugivorous insects, among them tephritid fruit flies are one of the most important. As a replacement for pesticide-based controls, enhancing natural fruit resistance through biotechnology approaches is a poorly researched but promising alternative. The use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is an approach to studying gene expression which has been widely used in studying plant resistance to pathogens and non-frugivorous insect herbivores, and offers a starting point for fruit fly studies. In this paper, we develop a gene selection pipe-line for known induced-defense genes in tomato fruit, Solanum lycopersicum, and putative detoxification genes in Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, as a basis for future RT-qPCR research. The pipeline started with a literature review on plant/herbivore and plant/pathogen molecular interactions. With respect to the fly, this was then followed by the identification of gene families known to be associated with insect resistance to toxins, and then individual genes through reference to annotated B. tryoni transcriptomes and gene identity matching with related species. In contrast for tomato, a much better studied species, individual defense genes could be identified directly through literature research. For B. tryoni, gene selection was then further refined through gene expression studies. Ultimately 28 putative detoxification genes from cytochrome P450 (P450), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) gene families were identified for B. tryoni, and 15 induced defense genes from receptor-like kinase (RLK), D-mannose/L-galactose, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipoxygenase (LOX), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), proteinase inhibitors (PI) and resistance (R) gene families were identified from tomato fruit. The developed gene selection process for B. tryoni can be applied to other herbivorous and frugivorous insect pests so long as the minimum necessary genomic information, an annotated transcriptome, is available.

The pineapple tarsonemid mite Steneotarsonemus ananas (Tryon), 1898 is associated with pineapple around the world, including Costa Rica. Here, we report its association with Neoregelia sp. (Bromeliaceae) for the first time. These mites damaged the plantlets considerably, affecting the esthetic quality of the product and thus causing economic losses to the local growers. This discovery prompted us to redescribe the adult females and males from the type host and locality (pineapple in Queensland, Australia) and compare it with the original description, subsequent descriptions, and material collected from the USA, Costa Rica, and Colombia on pineapple, Neoregelia, and an unidentified bromeliad. Further specimens from pineapple in Guatemala were identified as the same species and represent the first record for this country. We concur with previous observations that the original description by Tryon is not the same species in subsequent descriptions. We tentatively consider all specimens examined the same as those described as S. ananas in succeeding descriptions, i.e., Steneotarsonemus ananas Tryon sensu Beer.

Tomatoes were disinfested of Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni) by using dimethoate or fenthion applied as sprays during grading and packing. Concentrations of 400 mg/L of either insecticide applied through a high-volume recirculatory flood system delivering 16 L/min.m2 were used to treat fruit moving at a speed of 0.5 m/min, on conveyor brushes, so that fruit was flooded for 10 s and remained fully wetted for a further 1 min. Treatment efficacies of 100% against 30 000 eggs and 30 000 larvae were obtained. The treatments were equally effective when used in conjunction with post-treatment cooling to 12.5�C for 1 week. No tainting problems were detected. Residues of dimethoate (also omethoate for selected samples) and fenthion in treated fruit were found to be less than the Australian Maximum Residue Limits for tomatoes at all times; methods for determination of fenthion and omethoate residues are described. These disinfestation treatments have advantages of automation and efficiency compared with previously proven dip treatments.

Eighteen Pteridophyte taxa in 15 genera are reported as new for the Territory of Amapá, Brazil. The collections area a result of a recent Projeto Flora Amazônica/Programa Flora expedition to that region, and update previous lists of taxa for Amapá.In 1975, Tryon and Conant publised a checklist of the ferns of the Brazilian Amazônia reporting 84 taxa for the Territory of Amapá. The paucity of records for Amapá reflects, at least in part, the amount of botanical exploration. The most complete list of taxa occurring in the Territory is an unpublished list of collection compiled by J. M. Pires. This compilation reports 118 taxas for the Territory of Amapá. The following list is intended to update both the Pires compilation an the Tryon and Conant checklist for the Territor. These records are the result of a Projeto Flora Amazônica/Programa Flora expedition to the region in the latter part of 1979. Species were included in this list is not reportes in the compilation of colections for Amapá, or listed as specifically occurrin in Amapá in the monographs and revisions consulted for listed as specifically occurring in Amapá in the monograohs and revisions consulted for identification (Evans, 1969; Kramer, 1957, 1978; de la Sota, 1960; Lellinger, 1972; Maxon & Morton, 1938; Scamman, 1960, Smith, 1971; Tryon, 1941, 1964).This list reports 18 taxa in 15 genera, increasing the number of taxa in Amapá from the 118 listed by Pires to 136. Most of the taxa reported here might have been predicted to occur in Amapá on the basis of their distribution records for surrounding regions.Each species is followed by a collection number. The collection number is that of D. F. Austin, C. E. Nauman, R. S. Secco, C. Rosario, and M. R. Santos except for four collections in which R. S. Secco was absent and B. V. Rabelo was present, and these are indicated after the collection number. Specimens are deposited in the herbaria of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil and the United States. The family system is essentially that used by Tyron and Conant.

The work presents the result of using comparative morphological analysis of spore of threesubfamilies from the family Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn. (Cryptogrammoideae S. Linds., Pteridoideae C. Chr.ex Crabbe, Jermy a. Mickel, Ceratopteridoideae (J. Sm.) R. M. Tryon) by evolutionary biology method by Mesquitesoftware. This approach allows comparing in detail the standardized qualitative features of the morphology of sporeswith the data on phylogenetic relationship of representatives, which as a result helps to identify intra- and intertaxonomicgroups of relationship, to search for evolutionary connections, to obtain new knowledge for solving problems in ferntaxonomy. Obtained data allow supplement natural classification of the Pteridaceae family.

Passiflora maliformis is an introduced plant in Australia but its flowers are known to attract the native Jarvis’s fruit fly, Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon). The present study identifies and quantifies likely attractant(s) of male B. jarvisi in P. maliformis flowers. The chemical compositions of the inner and outer coronal filaments, anther, stigma, ovary, sepal, and petal of P. maliformis were separately extracted with ethanol and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polyisoprenoid lipid precursors, fatty acids and their derivatives, and phenylpropanoids were detected in P. maliformis flowers. Phenylpropanoids included raspberry ketone, cuelure, zingerone, and zingerol, although compositions varied markedly amongst the flower parts. P. maliformis flowers were open for less than one day, and the amounts of some of the compounds decreased throughout the day. The attraction of male B. jarvisi to P. maliformis flowers is most readily explained by the presence of zingerone in these flowers.

In this study, we investigated suitable habitats for the endangered tree fern, Sphaeropteris lepifera (J. Sm. ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon, based on fieldwork, ecological niche modeling, and regression approaches. We combined these data with the characterization of spore germination and gametophytic development in the laboratory to assess the reasons why S. lepifera is endangered and to propose a conservation strategy that focuses on suitable sites for reintroduction and accounts for the ecology and biphasic life cycle of the species. Our methods represent an integration of process- and correlation-based approaches to understanding the distributional patterns of this species, and this combined approach, while uncommonly applied, is a more robust strategy than either approach used in isolation. Our ecological niche models indicated that cold temperature extremes, temperature stability over long- and short-terms, and the seasonality of precipitation were among the most important abiotic environmental factors affecting the distribution of S. lepifera among the variables that we measured. Moreover, distribution of this fern species is also strongly influenced by the timing of development of male and female gametes. Additionally, we observed that slope aspect, specifically south-facing slopes, facilitates more incoming sunlight for mature trees, and simultaneously, provides greater, much-needed shade for fiddleheads on account of the canopy being denser. We believe that our study can provide important guidance on the restoration of S. lepifera in the wild. Specifically, potential restoration areas can be screened for the specific environmental factors that we infer to have a critical impact on the survival of the species.

Abstract Queensland fruit flies Bactrocera tryoni (‘Q-fly’) have long adult prereproductive development periods, which can present challenges for sterile insect technique (SIT) programs. Holding the sterile flies in release facilities is expensive for control programs. Alternatively, releases of sexually immature males can lead to substantial mortality of sterile males before they mature. Recent studies have reported effectiveness of dietary supplementation with a mosquito larvicide (NOMOZ) that contains S-methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, for accelerating sexual development of fertile Q-fly males. However, it is not known whether effects on sterile flies are comparable to effects on fertile flies, or whether effects of methoprene-containing larvicide are comparable to effects of analytical standard methoprene such has been used in most studies. Here we address both knowledge gaps, investigating the effects of analytical standard methoprene and NOMOZ mixed with food and provided for 48 h following emergence on sexual development and longevity of fertile and sterile Q-flies. Compared with controls, fertile and sterile male Q-flies that were provided diets supplemented with methoprene from either source exhibited substantially accelerated sexual development by 2–3 d and longer mating duration. Unlike males, females did not respond to methoprene treatment. Although fertile and sterile flies were generally similar in sexual development and response to methoprene treatment, sterile flies of both sexes tended to have shorter copula duration than fertile flies. Neither methoprene supplements nor sterilization affected longevity of flies. The present study confirms effectiveness of dietary methoprene supplements in accelerating sexual development of both fertile and sterile male (but not female) Q-flies, and also confirms that low-cost mosquito larvicides that contain methoprene can achieve effects similar to those for high-cost analytical grade methoprene as prerelease supplements for Q-fly SIT.

Based on the morphological study of ca. 470 specimens and geographical studies, we here propose the recognition of six morphotypes within the South American Pteridium esculentum (= P. arachnoideum s.l., or P. aquilinum var. arachnoideum sensu Tryon, or P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum sensu Thomson). Three of them are widely distributed and well-defined, and we regard them as subspecies of P. esculentum: P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s. str., P. esculentum subsp. campestre, comb. et stat. nov., and P. esculentum subsp. gryphus. The other three are more rare. One of these is a pedomorphic form of P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, which we name as P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum var. paedomorficum, nom. nov. The other is a glabrous form of P. esculentum subsp. gryphus, which we name P. esculentum subsp. gryphus var. harpianum, var. nov. The third is a putative hybrid between P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum and P. esculentum subsp. campestre. All six taxa are keyed, described, illustrated, mapped, and discussed. Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum s. str. forms an arc of distribution from eastern, to southern, to western South America (but not occurring west of the Andes); Pteridium esculentum subsp. campestre forms an arc of distribution from northeastern Brazil to northern South America (not occurring west of the Andes either); and P. esculentum subsp. gryphus forms an arc of distribution from western to northern South America (occurring also west of the Andes and in Galapagos). This one is morphologically more similar to the Australasian P. esculentum subsp. esculentum.

Resumo Dennstaedtiaceae Pic. Serm.sensu lato é formada por cerca de 20 gêneros e 175 espécies. A família é caracterizada pelo caule ereto, raramente arborescente, curto a longo-reptante, com tricomas e/ou escamas, folhas geralmente pinadas, raro simples, soros indusiados e marginais, submarginais ou raramente abaxiais, esporângios curto a longo-pedicelados, ânulo interrompido pelo pedicelo, esporos sem clorofila. Foram encontrados no estado de Minas Gerais oito gêneros e 24 espécies de Dennstaedtiaceae: Blotiella lindeniana (Hook.) R.M. Tryon, Dennstaedtia cicutaria (Sw.) T. Moore, D. cornuta (Kaulf.) Mett., D. dissecta (Sw.) T. Moore, D. globulifera (Poir.) Hieron., Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm., Hypolepis aquilinaris (Fée) Christ, H. repens (L.) C. Presl, H. stolonifera Fée, H. mitis Kunze, Lindsaea arcuata Kunze, L. bifida (Kaulf.) Mett. ex Kuhn, L. botrychioides St.-Hil., L. divaricata Klotzsch, L. guianensis ssp. lanceastrum K.U. Kramer, L. lancea (L.) Bedd. var. lancea, L. ovoidea Fée, L. quadrangularis Raddi ssp. quadrangularis, L. stricta (Aubl.) Dryand. var. stricta, L. virescens Sw. var. virescens, Paesia glandulosa (Sw.) Kuhn, Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon, Saccoloma elegans Kaulf. e S. inaequale (Kunze) Mett. São apresentadas descrições, chaves de identificação, ilustrações, comentários e distribuição geográfica dos táxons.

<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan hama merupakan salah satu kendala pengembangan kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Informasi tentang komposisi spesies hama kedelai dan musuh alaminya merupakan kebijakan dasar pengelolaan hama terpadu di suatu lokasi, sehingga survei perlu dilakukan, untuk mengetahui dominasi dan status hama kedelai serta musuh alaminya di lahan pasang surut. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2016 di Kalimantan Selatan. Serangga hama yang ditemukan di lokasi survei sangat tergantung dari umur/fase pertumbuhan tanaman saat dilakukan pencatatan. Komposisi jenis hama kedelai yang ditemukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan adalah kutu kebul (</span><span>Bemisia tabaci </span><span>Gennadius), wereng daun (</span><span>Empoasca kerri </span><span>Pruthi), lalat kacang (</span><span>Ophiomyia phaseoli </span><span>Tryon), ulat grayak (</span><span>Spodoptera litura </span><span>Fabricius), belalang (</span><span>Attractomorpha crenulata</span><span>), perusak polong </span><span>(Piezodorus hybneri </span><span>Gmelin</span><span>, Riptortus linearis </span><span>Fabricius</span><span>, Nezara viridula </span><span>Linnaeus dan </span><span>Etiella zinckenella </span><span>Treitsche)</span><span>, </span><span>dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,655 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,214. Di antara hama-hama tersebut, </span><span>S. litura</span><span>, </span><span>P. hybneri, R. linearis, N. viridula </span><span>dan </span><span>E. zinckenella </span><span>merupakan hama penting di semua lokasi survei. Jenis musuh alami yang banyak ditemukan ada tiga jenis, yaitu </span><span>Oxyopes </span><span>sp., parasitoid dan </span><span>Coccinella </span><span>sp. dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,088 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,415. Pengendalian hama pada tanaman kedelai di lahan pasang surut harus mempertimbangkan hama-hama utama dan musuh alaminya. </span></p></div></div></div><p> </p><p> </p>

Background:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is the best studied member of the family of coactivators. PGC-1α was initially identified through its interaction with PPARγ in brown adipose tissue. Recent evidence further indicates that PGC-1α may also modulate the transcription of autophagy-related genes, which has recently been shown to be required for fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation under fibrotic conditions. However, the role of PGC-1α in the pathogenesis of SSc has not been investigated.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the coactivator PGC-1α on autophagy and to evaluate its role in the pathologic activation of fibroblasts in SSc.Methods:Expression of PGC-1α was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Modulation of autophagy was analyzed by reporter studies by expression of autophagy related genes. The effects of PGC-1α knockdown on collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation were analyzed in cultured human fibroblasts and in two mouse models with fibroblast-specific knockout of PGC-1α.Results:PGC-1α overexpression was detected by immunohistochemistry in skin sections of SSc patients and in experimental fibrotic murine skin, particularly in fibroblasts. Knockdown of PGC-1α inhibited the stimulatory effects of TGFβ on fibroblast activation with impaired induction of collagen as compared to control fibroblasts. Fibroblasts specific knockout of PGC-1α ameliorates experimental fibrosis in bleomycin-induced and adTBR-induced murine dermal fibrosis with decreased dermal thickness, hydroxyproline and myofibroblast counts compared to wild-type fibrotic mice. Incubation of dermal fibroblasts with TGFβ activated autophagy in control fibroblasts with increased expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG7 and BECLIN-1, enhanced conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II and decreased ratios of ILC3 I EGFP to LC3 II RFP in LC3 reporter assays. The expression levels of ATG7, BECLIN-1 and ILC3 II of TGFβ-stimulated PGC-1α knockout fibroblasts decreased compare to TGFβ stimulated wild-type fibroblasts. The ratio of ILC3 I EGFP to LC3 II RFP of TGFβ-stimulated PGC-1α knockout fibroblasts in reporter assays were comparable to unstimulated fibroblasts.Conclusion:PGC-1α is upregulated in SSc and promotes autophagy to foster TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Targeting of PGC-1α prevents aberrant autophagy, inhibits fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis.References:[1]Finck BN, Kelly DP. PGC-1 coactivators: inducible regulators of energy metabolism in health and disease. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2006 Mar; 116(3):615-622[2]Lindholm D, Eriksson O, Makela J, Belluardo N, Korhonen L. PGC-1alpha: a master gene that is hard to master. Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS. 2012 Aug; 69(15):2465-2468.[3]Li SY, Susztak K. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol. 2018 Mar; 38(2):121-126.[4]Vainshtein A, Tryon LD, Pauly M, Hood DA. Role of PGC-1alpha during acute exercise-induced autophagy and mitophagy in skeletal muscle. American journal of physiology Cell physiology. 2015 May 1; 308(9):C710-719.[5]Zehender A LN, Stefanica A, Chen CW, Soare A, Wohlfahrt T, Rauber S, Bergmann C, Ramming A, Distler O, Schett G, Distler J. TGFβ Promotes Fibrosis By MYST1-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69 (suppl 10).Disclosure of Interests:Yun Zhang: None declared, Katja Dreißigacker: None declared, Diana Distler: None declared, Andrea-Hermina Györfi: None declared, Christina Bergmann: None declared, xiang zhou: None declared, Lichong Shen: None declared, Ingo Ludolph: None declared, Raymund Horch: None declared, Andreas Ramming Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Gilead, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Janssen, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche and UCB, Jörg Distler Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Paid instructor for: Boehringer Ingelheim, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are commonly used biocontrol agents of insect pests, with a wide range of commercially available isolates targeting specific pests. New isolates are, however, required to improve pest control across a wider range of environmental conditions for target pests, including emerging threats. We assessed the effect of temperature on survival and virulence of 17 Australian isolates of five EPN species (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis marelatus, Heterorhabditis zealandica and Steinernema feltiae) against larvae and pupae of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. All isolates still infected and killed larvae after infective juveniles (IJ) had been kept without insect hosts at 15 °C, 25 °C or 30 °C for two weeks, indicating their potential to remain viable under field conditions. However, the mean LD50 value ranged from 35 to 150 and was generally lower at 15 °C than at 25 °C and 30 °C. Similarly, after IJs had been kept at 25 °C for 1–3 weeks without insect hosts, all isolates infected B. tryoni larvae, with mean LD50 values ranging from 25 to 144. Interestingly, 15 isolates infected and killed B. tryoni pupae after one week, with a mean LD50 value between 130 and 209, but only two isolates after two weeks, with a mean LD50 value between 229 to 209. No pupal mortality was seen after three weeks. In absence of hosts, EPNs survived longer at 15 °C and 25 °C than at 30 °C. Complete EPN mortality occurred after nine weeks at 30 °C, and after 18 weeks at 15 °C and 25 °C, except for some survival in one S. feltiae isolate (Sf.ECCS). Overall, six isolates of H. indica (Hi.HRN2, Hi.LMI2, Hi.QF6), H. bacteriophora (Hb.HIE), H. zealandica (Hz.NAR1) and S. feltiae (Sf.ECCS) performed best and need further testing as potential biocontrol agents against B. tryoni under semi-field and field conditions.

AbstractBactrocera tryoni is a polyphagous fruit fly that is predicated to have continuous breeding in tropical and subtropical Australia as temperature and hosts are not limiting. Nevertheless, in both rainforest and tropical agricultural systems, the fly shows a distinct seasonal phenology pattern with an autumn decline and a spring emergence. Temperature based population models have limited predictive capacity for this species and so the driver(s) for the observed phenology patterns are unknown. Using a demographic approach, we studied the age-structure of B. tryoni populations in subtropical Australia in an agricultural system, with a focus on times of the year when marked changes in population abundance occur. We found that the age-structure of the population varied with season: summer and autumn populations were composed of mixed-age flies, while late-winter and early-spring populations were composed of old to very old individuals. When held at a constant temperature, the longevity of adult reference cohorts (obtained from field infested fruits) also showed strong seasonality; the adults of spring and early autumn populations were short-lived, while late autumn and late winter adults were long-lived. While still expressing in modified landscapes, the data strongly suggests that B. tryoni has an endogenous mechanism which would have allowed it to cope with changes in the breeding resources available in its endemic monsoonal rainforest habitat, when fruits would have been abundant in the late spring and summer (wet season), and rare or absent during late autumn and winter (dry season).

Responsáveis por amplo e variado quadro de sinais e sintomas de difícil diagnóstico, as desordens da articulação temporomandibular exigem tratamento complexo e multifatorial, já que envolvem ruptura do equilíbrio biomecânico e a forte presença de componentes emocionais. Em razão de etiologia multifatorial (fatores oclusais, alterações esqueléticas, musculares, problemas degenerativos, hábitos nocivos, estresse e/ou problemas emocionais) exige abordagem terapêutica interdisciplinar por vários especialistas (cirurgião dentista, fisioterapeuta, psicólogo e fonaudiólogo)uma vez que a abordagem transdisciplinar e individualizada alicerça o tratamento bem-sucedido.Cada paciente requer procedimentos diferentes em seu tratamento, e é necessário saber em que ponto cada especialista deve intervir para o sucesso da terapêutica. As Desordens temporomandibulares (DTM), relacionadas ao desconforto na articulação temporomandibular (ATM), respondem por importante impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida e bem estar. São patologias multifatoriais que exigem diferentes estratégias de abordagem. Cada paciente requer procedimentos diferentes em seu tratamento, e é necessário saber em que ponto cada especialista deve intervir para o sucesso do tratamento.Descritores: Dor Facial; Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente; Sistemas de Saúde.ReferênciasAlves-Rezende MCR, Silva JS, Soares BS, Bertoz FA, Oliveira DTN, Alves-Claro APR. Estudo da prevalência de sintomatologia temporomandibular em universitários brasileiros de Odontologia. Rev Odontol Araçatuba 2009; 30(1): 9-14.Alves-Rezende MCR, Cortiglio S, Sant’anna CBM, Alves-Rezende LGR, Montanher IS, Alves-Rezende ALR. Aplicação da acupuntura no tratamento da Síndrome de Costen: relato de caso clínico. 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