Journal articles: 'SAARC countries'

1

Beg, Masroor Ahmad. "Intra-Saarc Trade: A Dwindling Feature." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 46, no. 1 (January 1990): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849004600103.

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Most of the South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan,1 India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka formed a loose association SARC (South Asian Regional Cooperation) in the year 1980. Through various meetings and conferences spread over five years under the banner of SARC, an agreement was signed in December 1985 for the formation of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. SAARC member-countries have chosen some areas of cooperation like, agriculture, rural development, meteorology, telecommunication, scientific and technical cooperation, health and cooperation activities, transport, postal services and sports, arts and culture. The most recent development that has taken place concerns the meeting of Group of Planners on a yearly basis to review the studies made under the aegis of SAARC in the following areas2 (i) Analysis of trade regimes vis-a-vis industrial protection policies of member countries; (ii) Quantification of the benefits of intra-regional trade expansion including transit problems of land-locked countries and mechanism for financing short duration trade imbalances; (iii) Studies to explore the possibilities of joint ventures in agriculture, industry and energy; and (iv) Studies of existing national systems of industrial promotion and regulation including assessment of design and consultancy capabilities and post-harvest technologies. Inspite of these, the subject of cooperation for intra-regional trade expansion still remains outside the SAARC programme. There is little cooperation in the SAARC region in the sphere of trade. Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka (among other Asian countries) are signatories to the Bangkok Agreement under which each member country gives certain preferential treatment to the co-signatories in the field of trade. This Preferential Trade Agreement signed in July 1975, under the auspicies of ESCAP covered multilateral trade cooperation but has made very limited impact on expanding intra-regional trade among the three countries listed above. Apart from this, the SAARC countries are the members of Asian Clearing Union (ACU), set up in 1975, with a limited coverage of membership, transactions and credit facilities in this region. In spite of SAARC countries' participation in two major schemes of multilateral trade cooperation, the region lagged behind the rest of the world in expanding their trade. Over a period of time, the share of intra-regional trade in this region declined in comparison to world trade. The fall in the share of infra-regional trade can also be seen in a relative sense. Thus, the dependence of these countries upon developed countries has increased and foreign trade has failed to act as an engine of growth in this region. The aim of this paper is to examine: (i) Declining export and import growth rates of SAARC countries; (ii) SAARC countries' aggregate exports and imports share in world exports and imports and its burgeoning trade balances', and (iii) Intra-regional exports and imports share of SAARC countries and SAARC share in its total exports and imports to the rest of the world.

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Kaur, Sandeep, and Paramjit Nanda. "Indiaâ€™s Export Potential to Other SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.59.

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Indiaâ€™s export potential to other SAARC nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) was calculated with the help of gravity model of exports using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by taking the time period 1981-2005. To find out the convergence and divergence of Indiaâ€™s exports to SAARC members, speed of convergence was used. Moreover, study has also tried to find whether there is convergence of the actual data towards the estimated equilibrium.Â The study reveals that there was presence of convergence in India exports with SAARC countries and in the other words, actual Indiaâ€™s exports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export potential. Among SAARC countries, Indiaâ€™s export potential exists for Maldives, Bhutan, Pakistan and Nepal. India is the only SAARC member that shares land border with four members and sea border with two. No other SAARC country shares a common border with each other. In terms of trade, commerce, investments etc., India is a source of potential investment and technology and a major market for products from all other SAARC members. Therefore, it is essentially in Indiaâ€™s interest to put her weight behind SAARC.Â Â Â

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3

Harb, Nasri, and Mohammed Nur Hussain. "Money demand function in SAARC countries." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 7, no. 4 (2014): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2014.062907.

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Ghosh, Shanti. "Girl child in the SAARC countries." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 57, no. 1 (January 1990): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722122.

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GHATAK, SUNTERA. "Convergence Potentials in SAARC and ASEAN Economies." Journal of Indian and Asian Studies 02, no. 01 (January 2021): 2150004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2717541321500042.

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This study has set to compare the usefulness of the regional integration efforts taken by two important economic blocs, SAARC and ASEAN, within the Asian continent to reduce the regional income inequality. Therefore, the existence of income convergence (or divergence) among the SAARC and ASEAN countries is the aim of this study. To investigate whether (or not) there exists income convergence across the SAARC and ASEAN blocs over the period of 1970-2017, [Formula: see text]-convergence, σ-convergence and club convergence estimation methods have been applied. The results confirm the convergence of income across the ASEAN member countries, which is absent for the SAARC member countries at the intra-regional level. Although we considered all countries of the SAARC and ASEAN blocs together in the panel, an evidence of income convergence over the years has been found. The analysis supports the view of trade liberalization and recommends investing in the human capital to narrow down the regional disparity in future. To achieve a favorable impact of Asian rising growth, regional integration is important, for that a collective policy framework at the regional level is needed for both SAARC and ASEAN.

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Naseri, Ayaz Khan, and Baljinder Kaur Sidana. "India's agricultural trade relationship with SAARC countries." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 14, no. 3 (2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2322-0430.2018.00159.2.

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Dhakal, Thakur, and Dae-Eun Lim. "Understanding ICT adoption in SAARC member countries." Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12076-020-00245-2.

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Sarkar, Amal. "Impact of Free Trade on South Asia with Ref ere nee to India." Foreign Trade Review 38, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515030104.

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The world has witnessed formation of several regional economic cooperation in different parts of the world after the World War II The significant success in regional economic cooperation in different parts of the world has been reflected in formation of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in 1985 among seven countries of South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In any regional economic cooperation, trade is a key component SAARC is not exception to this. In 1995, they have established South Asian Preferential Trade Area (SAPTA). The idea of economic interdependence within the South Asian region had gained importance after formation of SAPTA, in particular. In the 8th SAARC Summit in 1995, the member countries have decided to form South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) by the year 2005. Therefore, a quantitative economic analysis of any national economy within SAARC should allow its trade relation with member countries. In the present paper, we study the quantitative impact of duty free access to India s market for imports on SAARC countries.

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Islam, Md Ashraful, and Md Rokonuzzaman. "Impact of Outflows Migration on Inflows Remittance of Different Countries in SAARC Region." Archives of Business Research 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.98.9066.

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The main objective of the study is to determine the impact of migration on remittance for some different countries in SAARC region. Country wise yearly data of outflows migrations and inflows remittances from 1990 to 2017 are collected from 6 countries in SAARC region which are considered in the analysis. To complete this study, some statistical analysis like as multivariate analysis and panel analysis are computed. The highest number of average migrant is found in India with yearly average number of out migrant is 209992 and average inflow remittances is 33214.45 million US dollars which is also high among these six countries, whereas the lowest number of out migrated people are found in Maldives with a yearly average number of migrants is 437 and the amount of average inflows remittances is 3.08 million US dollars which is also lowest among in SARRC countries. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan are comparatively high out migrated countries as well as high remittance receiving countries. In MANOVA analysis, significant Hotelling test statistic indicates the population mean vector with migration and remittances for different countries in SAARC region are not equal. LM test statistic supported to run a panel regression model for analyzing the data. Furthermore significant Hausman test statistic suggests for analyzing fixed effect panel regression model. Outputs from panel regression model show that there have significant positive contributions of migration for all of these countries to the remittance. i.e. if the outflows migration of these region increases, the yearly average inflows remittance will be increased. Considering Bangladesh as a base country in dummy variable regression model in panel analysis, all others countries have significant contribution of migrations to remittances compared with that of Bangladesh. One can use simulation study for getting fruitful results. Also the researcher can apply discrimination analysis to get better results.

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Rehman, Muhammad Zia-ur, Asif Mahmood, and Maria Zia. "Quality Assurance of Online and Distance Learning Education for SAARC Region during Covid-19 Situation." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.151.

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The outbreak of second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has again halted routine life of normal citizen across the globe. The nature always support the change for better future and covid-19 has provide chance to change challenges into opportunities. This study is sought to examine post Covid-19 effects on ICT infrastructure for e-learning education and its quality assurance mechanism in SAARC countries. This research is descriptive in nature and use comparative analysis of numerous challenges faced by SAARC member countries for implementation of E-learning. Challenges and limitation are also brush-up for further refinement in future in these areas. Future researchers may conduct survey techniques in explanatory research on implementation of ICT infrastructure of SAARC region countries. SAARC member countries may take lead from this study to address challenges and their solutions for development and implementation of E-learning.

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11

Sarmad, Khwaja, and Riaz Mahmood. "Prospects for Expanding Trade between SAARC and ASEAN Countries." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i2pp.131-136.

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This paper analyses the determinants of trade flows between the countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The results show that while the high intensity of bilateral trade of these countries is not explained by high complementarity, a policy of non discriminatory import liberalization in ASEAN countries would significantly benefit the SAARC countries in terms of export expansion.

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Ahuja, Shobha. "Indian Joint Ventures in SAARC Countries : Problems And Prospects." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2, no. 1 (January 1998): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x98002001008.

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The Paper deals essentially with the potential of promoting industrial cooperation in the SAARC countries by establishing joint ventures. Such an initiative is based on economic logic which, at the unit level, signifies higher returns on investment in the host country. Of the six SAARC nations, Indian corporates have invested only in two countries namely Nepal and Sri Lanka. Though the size and scale of operation in these countries is small, most Indian corporates hold a majority stake in their ventures. Indian companies consider investing in SAARC an attractive business proposition mainly for factors such as captive domestic market, exports to third countries, geographical proximity, positive legislation, developing raw material supplies and higher profits. Nevertheless, constraints in the form of small market size, inadequate infrastructure, paucity of information and cumbersome government procedures hinder realising of the full potential of the venture.

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13

Karim, Mohammad Razaul. "Same Principles but Different Outcomes of SAARC and ASEAN: Searching Gap." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14266.

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This article shows that two regional organizations- the Association of South East Asian Nations and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation were established for regional cooperation and integration. Though both regional organizations’ principles, objectives have similarity but unfortunately, SAARC became an ineffective organization by failing to achieve its goal. Intra-regional trade of SAARC is significantly worse than other regions in the globe. This article tries to find out the reason behind the ineffectiveness of SAARC and concludes that India-Pakistan rivalry, India’s role with smaller countries and mutual mistrust among the nations of South Asia are the main causes that made SAARC an ineffective organization. On the contrary, ASEAN nations have practiced informal diplomacy to mitigate their bilateral disputes, decision making process- the ASEAN way, Indonesia’s positive role made ASEAN a successful organization. The article has also shown a comparative analysis between SAARC and ASEAN for identifying some good examples which SAARC countries could follow.

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Manzoor, Faiza, Longbao Wei, Mohammad Nurunnabi, and Qazi Abdul Subhan. "Role of SME in Poverty Alleviation in SAARC Region via Panel Data Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 6480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226480.

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The key objective of the formation of the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is to join hands collectively for slow economic growth, poverty eradication, deprived health and education sectors. In the 12th SAARC Summit, it has been declared that poverty eradication is the main area of concentration and SAARC countries would strive their best to minimize all types of poverty with the help of any possible strategy. The main objectives of the current study are to evaluate the development of the agenda of poverty eradication in SAARC countries through small and medium enterprise (SME) development because it would be considered as a short-routed remedy to mitigate poverty. The poorest 20% income holder as a percentage of GDP has been used as the proxy for poverty in the SAARC region. SME development has been measured through the SME share in GDP in respective countries. The panel dataset has been developed for the period of 1990 to 2015. The fixed effect method (FEM) and regression equation techniques were used to analyse the observed data. The results of the FEM were misleading. The regression equations for the respective countries were used for empirical analysis. The results have identified that there are three main factors that are essential in reducing poverty in the SAARC region: SME growth, openness of trade and social sector development.

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Akram, Adnan, and Zafar Mahmood. "Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade between Pakistan and Selected SAARC Countries." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i1pp.47-59.

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This paper analyses country-specific and industry-specific determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) between Pakistan and other SAARC countries using panel data techniques. This paper also disentangles total IIT into horizontal and vertical IIT. The Vertical IIT is further divided into high-quality and low quality IIT. This paper finds that country-specific variables are more important in explaining the IIT relative to industry-specific variables. The decomposition of IIT shows that in the SAARC region Pakistan’s IIT is mostly comprised of the vertical IIT. The share of horizontal IIT is comparatively less. The paper offers specific policy recommendations for the promotion of IIT in the SAARC region. JEL classification: F12, F14, F15 Keywords: IIT, Horizontal IIT, Vertical IIT

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Irfan, Muhammad, Muhammad Waris Rao, Jawad Akbar, and Ijaz Younis. "Impact of External Debt on Stock Market Performance and Economic Growth: Moderating Role of Capital Formation." Journal of Finance and Accounting Research 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jfar/0201/01.

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The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of external debt on economic growth and stock market performance in SAARC countries that included Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India for the period spanning from 1992 to 2017. This study examines the effect of capital formation as a moderator. Using panel least square recreation analysis, we find a negative and significant association between economic growth and external debts. The inclusion of interaction tea reveals a positive moderation effect of capital formation on the relationship of external debt and economic growth. Our study suggest that the external debt is less favourable for the SAARC countries and that greater emphasis should be increased on capital formulation. Moreover, policies that enhance the national treasury base, increase exports, and make environment conducive for foreign direct investment should be introduced in SAARC countries. The governments of SAARC countries should look for the alternates of external debt for financing the fiscal deficit.

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Khanal, Bindu Raj, Barsha Nepal, and Krishna B. Ghimire. "Survival Difference in Multiple Myeloma By Place of Birth." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1268.1268.

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Abstract Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) survival has improved in last decade with better understanding of disease process and use of novel agents. There is limited data if there is survival difference in MM by place of birth. We choose United States and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries to see if there any difference in survival among these two geographical regions. SAARC consists of 8 south Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives and Pakistan. Methods: We analyzed Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), SEER 18 registry to compare relative survival (RS) of US born and SAARC countries born MM patients, who were diagnosed with MM during (1973-2011). We analyzed RS during three eras: pre transplant era (1973-1995), transplant era (1996-2002) and era of novel agents (2003-2011) by age (≤65 and >65 years) and sex. We used SEER*Stat software to calculate Z value. Results: There were 228 SAARC born and 42,629 US born MM patients diagnosed during (1973-2011). Median age of diagnosis for SAARC countries born MM patients was 64 years (range: 27-88) and 82 of them were female. Median age of diagnosis for US born MM patients was 68 years (range: 18-99) and 19,385 of them were female. There was no significant difference in RS between SAARC born and US born MM patients during pre-transplant and transplant eras. In the era of novel agents, RS of SAARC born MM patients was significantly higher compared to US born MM patients (64±5.1% vs 47.6±0.5%, Z value 3.4) at 3 years and (47.6±6.2% vs 32.2±0.5%; Z value 3.3) at 5 years. Analysis by sex showed, both male and female SAARC born MM patients had higher RS compared to US born MM patients at 3 and 5 years during era of novel agents. Similarly, younger (≤65 years) SAARC born MM patients had significantly better survival than US born MM patients at 3 and 5 years. Older (>65 years) SAARC born MM patients also had significantly better survival at 3 years but there was no significant difference at 5 years. Conclusions: Our study showed that there is survival difference Multiple Myeloma patients by place of birth. MM patients born is SAARC countries have better survival than patients born in US. It could possibly be related to difference in disease biology, socioeconomic status and access to health care. We need more studies in future to confirm these findings and individualise treatment plan. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Li, Qiucheng, Jacob Cherian, Malik Shahzad Shabbir, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Jing Li, Ioana Mester, and Alina Badulescu. "Exploring the Relationship between Renewable Energy Sources and Economic Growth. The Case of SAARC Countries." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030520.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between renewable energy sources and economic growth of the South Asian Association for regional cooperation (SAARC) countries. This study uses three main renewable energy sources, namely geothermal, hydro, and wind.This study collects data set from SAARC countries from 1995 to 2018 and applies a fixed effect test and panel vector error correction model (PVECM) for data analysis. The overall results show that all three renewable energy sources have a positive significant impact on economic development among SAARC countries’ economies. Moreover, hydropower renewable energy has more effects and influences on economic growth as compared to the other two individual sources of renewable energy.

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Ullah, Irfan, and Muhammad Arshad Khan. "Institutional quality and foreign direct investment inflows: evidence from Asian countries." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1030–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2016-0215.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) by focusing on institutional and economic factors among South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as Central Asian countries over the period 2002-2014. Design/methodology/approach The generalized method of moments technique is employed for analyzing the impact of institutional quality on FDI inflow by controlling for the effect of market size, domestic investment and labor force. Findings The authors found large variations in terms of the impact of institutional and economic variables in regards to FDI in the SAARC, Central Asian and ASEAN regions. The results reveal that real GDP, domestic investment and economic freedom index have a positive and significant effect on FDI inflows in the SAARC region, while governance index and labor force have a negative impact on FDI inflows. In Central Asia, the real GDP, domestic investment and governance index are positively associated with FDI inflows, whereas the effect of economic freedom index on FDI is negative as well as insignificant. Apart from the GDP, other variables such as labor force, domestic investment, governance and economic freedom indices influence FDI positively in the ASEAN region. It is worth mentioning here that domestic investment produces positive effect on FDI inflows in all the regions. On the whole, the authors may conclude that institutional factors play an important role in attracting FDI inflows in the ASEAN region as compared to Central Asian and SAARC regions. Originality/value A limited research work is available that could help in identifying the role of institutional and economic factors simultaneously in attracting FDI in the SAARC, Central Asian and ASEAN regions.

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Mosfiqur Rahman, Md, Sayedul Anam, and Anuz Kumar Chakrabarty. "Forecasting of International Tourists Arrival in Saarc Region and Prospect of Bangladesh." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.19 (September 7, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.19.17006.

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The tourism is the dynamic and earning source of foreign currency in SAARC region. In regarding Bangladesh it is one of the prospective sectors that can contribute to our economy. In this paper, we forecast the international visitor’s arrival in SAARC countries and compare it with Bangladesh. In addition, we have discussed the factors that influenced the visitors to visit this territory. The key factors are infrastructure, retail industries, diversification, marketing and media, quality control, affiliation benchmark, and security and safety (Y. Benchabane, 2014). Assess the performance of Bangladesh in these key factors and comparing with other countries of SAARC region.

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Kharbanda, Om Prasad. "Orthodontics in SAARC Countries: Emerging the Force within." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v4i2.13889.

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Ahmed, Munir, Muhammad Azeem, Professor Dr Ibrahim Khalid, Professor Dr Irshad Ahmad Farrukh, Dr Fazal Ahmed, and Mr Shabbir Ahmed. "Teacher Education Program (B. Ed) in SAARC Countries." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i1.1606.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the present Pre-service Elementary Teacher Education Programs (B. Ed & equivalents) of SAARC Countries to reveal innovative ideas, which may be adopted and adapted in other countries including Pakistan. Reference books, journals, research papers, Encyclopedias of education, yearbooks, national educational policies, internet and such other resources were consulted to have an insight of these nations, their system of education and to retrieve salient features of a good Pre-service Elementary Teacher education program. Questionnaire named as “Questionnaire for Elementary Teacher Education program evaluation” was prepared, preened after pilot study at provincial capitals of Pakistan and presented to a team of local and foreign experts. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to increase the quality and quantity of responses. In the light of high majority opinions criterion component were finalized. These components in the form of question were sent to the SAARC countries through the relevant Embassies, graduate facilitators, who on my behalf collected data. Collected data was sorted out and matched with the already developed criteria. Result revealed that Indian system of Teacher Education matches the criteria most. Pakistan has many mismatches but Elementary Teacher Education Program offered by the University of Education, Lahore and its associated colleges is bridging this gap successfully. Bhutan, Bangladesh and Maldives are showing improvements. The experiments of Sri Lanka & Nepal have many lessons to learn.

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manna, Niranjan, and Swami tattwasarananda. "TEACHER EDUCATION IN SAARC COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8283.

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Uddin, Ashraf, and Vivek Kumar Singh. "Mapping the Computer Science Research in SAARC Countries." IETE Technical Review 31, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2014.947527.

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Atul Dhingra, Garima, and Nitin Goyal Shailika Sharma. "Women Agripreneurs: Problems and Prospects in SAARC Countries." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 2362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.280.

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Anees, Faisal, Shujahat Haider Hashmi, and Muhammad Asad. "Testing Technical Trading Rules: Evidence from SAARC Countries." New Challenges in Accounting and Finance 1 (August 2018): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ncaf.2018.01.01.

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Technical analysis is widely accepted tool in professional place which is frequently used for investment decisions. Technical analysis beliefs that there exist patterns and trends and by capturing trends and patterns one can bless with above average profits. We test two technical strategies: Moving averages and Trading Range to question, either these techniques can yield profitable returns with the help of historical data. Representative daily indices of Four countries namely Pakistan, India, Srilanka, Bangladesh ranging from 1997 to 2011 have been examined. In case of Moving Average Rule, both simple and exponential averages have been examined to test eleven different short term and long term rules with and without band condition. Our results delivered that buy signals generate consistent above average returns for the all sub periods and sell signals generate lower returns than the normal returns. Intriguing observation is that Exponential average generates higher returns than the Simple Average. The results of Trading Range Break strategy are parallel with Moving average Method. However, Trading Range Strategy found not to give higher average higher return when compared with Moving Averages Rules and degree of volatility in returns is higher when compared with moving Average rule. In attempt to conclude, there exist patterns and trends that yield above average and below average returns which justify the validity of technical analysis.

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Gul, Shah, Wasar Khan, and Syeda Anam Hassan. "Performance Analysis of Public Sector Banks: A Comparative Study of Major SAARC Countries." Journal of Economic Info 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v1i3.108.

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Sustainable financial development is crucial for the development of the economy as a whole Banking is a major component of the financial system. The financial sector plays a role in facilitating investment and long term economic growth, and currently accounts for about eight percent of gross domestic product (GDP). This study attempts to analyze the efficiency of public banks of four major SAARC countries. For this purpose data from 2007 to 2011 have been taken. The main objective of this comparative study is to analyze the financial performance of public banks of major countries (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) of South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) from the period 2007-2011.The results show some conclusive remarks along with sound policy implication in the context of SAARC region.

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Singhania, Monica, and Shachi Prakash. "Volatility and cross correlations of stock markets in SAARC nations." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 3, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-04-2012-0056.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine cross-correlation in stock returns of SAARC countries, conditional and unconditional volatility of stock markets and to test efficient market hypothesis (EMH). Design/methodology/approach – Stock indices of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan are considered to serve as proxy for stock markets in SAARC countries. Data consist of daily closing price of stock indices from 2000 to 2011. Since preliminary testing indicated presence of serial autocorrelation and volatility clustering, family of GARCH models is selected. Findings – Results indicate presence of serial autocorrelation in stock market returns, implying dependence of current stock prices on stock prices of previous times and leads to rejection of EMH. Significant relationship between stock market returns and unconditional volatility indicates investors’ expectation of extra risk premium for exposing their portfolios to unexpected variations in stock markets. Cross-correlation revealed level of integration of South Asian economies with global market to be high. Research limitations/implications – Business cycles and other macroeconomic developments affect most companies and lead to unexplained relationships. The paper finds stock markets to exist at different levels of development as economic liberalization started at different points of time in SAARC countries. Practical implications – Correlation between stock indices of SAARC economies are found to be low which is in line with intra-regional trade being one of lowest as compared to other regional groups. Results point towards greater need for economic cooperation and integration between SAARC countries. Greater financial integration leads to development of markets and institutions, effective price discovery, higher savings and greater economic progress. Originality/value – The paper focuses on EMH and risk return relation for SAARC nations.

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Choudhury, Rahul Nath, and Dinkar Narsinh Nayak. "Trade and Investment Relationship in SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis." Journal of Global Economy 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v11i1.373.

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The recent surge in the volume of world trade and FDI has attracted a debate amongst the researchers and policy makers on the issue of the relationship between these two. I.e. whether FDI enhances trade or contracts trade? Our current study tries to find out the answer of this question in case of SAARC group of countries. This study applies gravity model for the analysis. The study covered the time period from 2000 to 2012. The study finds both complementary and supplementary relationship exists between these two variables in the SAARC region.Â

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Pokharel, Bishnu. "Tax Reforms and Economic Growth with Reference to SAARC Countries: A Study Note." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 3, no. 1 (July 14, 2019): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v3i1.24846.

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This research work is an empirical analysis of Taxation and economic growths ARC five countries, covering the period 1990-2012. Taxation was disaggregated into: goods and service tax, Personal Income Tax, the other tax, the revenue tax, the Government savings, FDI, Export and Import and they were used independent variables while the GDP per capita income growth was used as dependent variables for measuring economic growth in SAARC. In order to establish interconnection between taxation and economic growth, secondary data were collected from the World Fact Book, SAARC Statistical Bulletin and IMF statistical data. The data collected were analyzed using the Panel Data Regression Analysis and the fixed effect and random effect model regression were used while hypotheses were tested using T-Statistics and Housman Test. The results of the analysis reveal that a significant Negative relationship exists between Taxation and economic growth in SAARC.

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K. Rai, Sushil, and Akhilesh K. Sharma. "Causal Nexus Between FDI Inflows and Its Determinants in SAARC Countries." South Asia Economic Journal 21, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561420940838.

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This article aims to understand the drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and its nexus with its determinants such as economic growth, inflation rate, labour productivity, infrastructure development, market size, openness of the economy, political stability and corporate tax for South Asian Association for Regional Corporation (SAARC) countries. The article is based on secondary data from the World Bank and International Labour Organization (ILO) for 19 years from 2001 to 2018 for 6 SAARC countries, viz. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The findings indicate that there exists long-run, short-run and joint causal relationship among infrastructure development, market size, openness of the economy, political stability and corporate tax and FDI inflows. Among these variables, the corporate tax is the most important one because it shows bidirectional causality with FDI inflows in the long run as well as short run along with joint strong causality. However, only the coefficients of infrastructure development and corporate tax were found to be positively and negatively significant, respectively. Therefore, better infrastructure development and decrease in corporate tax may enhance FDI inflows in SAARC countries. This infers that with the decrease in corporate tax, more FDI inflows may take place, and higher FDI inflows may decrease in corporate tax further. Therefore, this article suggests that SAARC countries should accelerate the process of integration of their economy with the rest of the world along with political stability, enhance the infrastructure facility and reduce the corporate tax to get the higher FDI inflows. JEL: F21, F02, C22

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Singh, Vipul Kumar, and Faisal Ahmed. "Econometric analysis of financial cointegration of least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia and the Pacific." China Finance Review International 6, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-06-2015-0056.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to econometrically investigate the level of financial co-integration of the least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia and Pacific region. In addition, the paper also tested the co-integration of LDCs with the world’s second largest economy “China.” For this, the paper employed the foreign exchange data sets of respective LDCs. It also aimed to assess the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between the foreign exchange rates of LDCs and China, and further, examined the past and current level of their co-relational dependence. Design/methodology/approach – The authors created data sets namely LDCs of Asia and Pacific, LDCs of SAARC, LDCs of ASEAN, LDCs of Pacific, LDCs of SAARC and ASEAN, LDCs of ASEAN and Pacific, and LDCs of SAARC and Pacific. In addition, the authors tested the co-integration of these seven groups with China, and thus, making a total of 14 data sets. The analysis was carried out using the Johansen and Gregory-Hansen multivariate co-integration econometric techniques. To assess the DCC, multivariate DCC GARCH model was employed. Findings – It was found that at the intra-regional level, exchange rates of LDCs of SAARC, ASEAN and Pacific were co-integrated and showed the existence of 1-3 co-integrating equations. At inter-regional level SAARC-ASEAN, ASEAN-Pacific and SAARC-Pacific were also co-integrated and showed 1-3 co-integrated equations. However, on the inclusion of China in the study, the degree of co-integration of exchange rate of China with LDCs of SAARC and ASEAN increased, while with Pacific, the result was mixed. Conditional correlation estimated of multivariate DCC GARCH model suggested that except for Afghanistan, there was an upward shift in the correlation dynamics of exchange rates of LDCs with China, post global financial crisis. Practical implications – Asia and Pacific region constituted of 53 countries, of which 13 were LDCs. Enhanced financial integration among LDCs of Asia-Pacific region and also between LDCs and major economies of the region like China will strengthen economic and financial integration efforts in the region. Originality/value – The present paper attempted a comparative assessment of the co-movements of the foreign exchange markets of LDCs, the countries which have remained largely neglected in academic discourses on financial integration.

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Khan, Ghulam Yahya, and Vince Daly. "Growth Convergence and Divergence in SAARC." Research in Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (September 14, 2018): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v3n4p315.

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<em>We test for output convergence during 1960-2017 amongst the leading member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The context is SAARC’s commitment to eventual monetary union. Existing research, using established unit root tests, finds little support for the convergence hypothesis, even when structural breaks are permitted. We use two more recently developed approaches, both of which allow greater flexibility in the depiction of convergence. The method developed by Enders and Lee (2011) allows for a smoothly evolving trend in relative per capita incomes, rather than a (possibly breaking) linear trend. The technique introduced by Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) allows for the possibility of convergent sub-groups. Even with these more accommodating test procedures, we find minimal evidence of growth convergence within the full group of countries. We find that these countries can be allocated to two non-overlapping convergence clubs, with India and Sri Lanka enjoying the more favourable growth path. These findings raise questions regarding the current feasibility of monetary union for SAARC.</em>

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Khalid, Muhammad Waqas, Ashar Sultan Kayani, Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi, Muhammad Muddassir, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, and Hazem Kassem. "Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 7 (July 21, 2020): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2020-agricecon.

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Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

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Leeladharan, M. "SAARC Countries contribution to open access publishing: A study." Gyankosh- The Journal of Library and Information Management 6, no. 2 (2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-3182.2015.00010.6.

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Chandrashekhar, Riti, Kayla McKinsey, and Greta Mancassola. "The Practice of Foster Care in the SAARC Countries." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 4, no. 1 (March 2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349301120170108.

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Chandrashekhar, Riti, Kayla McKinsey, and Greta Mancassola. "The Practice of Foster Care in The Saarc Countries." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 4, no. 1 (2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-3011.2017.00007.x.

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Lenka, Sanjaya Kumar, Arun Kumar Bairwa, and David McMillan. "Does financial inclusion affect monetary policy in SAARC countries?" Cogent Economics & Finance 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 1127011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2015.1127011.

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Bhattacharya, Swapan K. "Regional Trading Arrangements among SAARC Countries and India's Imports?†." South Asia Economic Journal 2, no. 2 (September 2001): 281–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/139156140100200205.

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Chary, Swaroop R., and Alok K. Bohara. "Carbon Emissions, Energy Consumption and Income in SAARC Countries." South Asia Economic Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2010): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/139156141001100102.

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Erum, Naila, Shahzad Hussain, and Abida Yousaf. "Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in SAARC Countries." Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2016.vol3.no4.57.

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Islam, Azharul, Md Harun Ur Rashid, Syed Zabid Hossain, and Rubayyat Hashmi. "Public policies and tax evasion: evidence from SAARC countries." Heliyon 6, no. 11 (November 2020): e05449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05449.

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Raghav, Pooja, and Trishna Rai. "India’s strategic interest in SAARC countries: Soft power approach." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 10, no. 10 (2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2020.00018.0.

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Tahir, Muhammad, Mario Ruiz Estrada, Imran Khan, and Muhammad Asim Afridi. "The role of trade openness for industrial sector development: panel data evidence from SAARC region." Journal of Asia Business Studies 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-01-2015-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member economies to examine the impact of trade openness on the industrial sector development. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data econometric techniques are used to the data for the period 1980-2013 for the selected six countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Findings – It is found that trade openness has positively and significantly influenced the industrial sector of the sampled countries. Other determinants such as education and investment have also played a key role in helping the selected developing countries to develop their industrial sectors. Practical implications – The study suggests the policy-makers of the SAARC member countries to liberalize international trade substantially to enhance the contributions of industrial sector toward gross domestic product (GDP) and to achieve the dreamed goal of sustainable long-run growth for the region. Originality/value – An explicit relationship between trade openness and industrial sector of the SAARC member economies is yet to be examined.

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Idrees, Muhammad, Manzoor Naazer, and Shughla Ashfaq. "Conflicts and Conflict Management in SAARC: Assessing Challenges and the Way Forward." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.1.

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The mechanism created by South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) excludes the discussions on bilateral and contentious issues which is said to be the main hurdle in the SAARC to take off. Despite similarities in the South Asian member countries, e.g. cultural, linguistic, and historical, they have not yet been able to evolve cooperative environment and their relations are characterised by varying conflicts. Keeping with the background nominal progress that has been made by SAARC, it will be wise to review the inter-state conflicts which are halting the ways of the South Asian progress. The present study surveys the nature of interstate conflict among SAARC members and their impact on regional cooperation. It also explores various modes of conflict management and conflict resolution. It offers conflict management and multi-track diplomacy as keys to peace in the South Asian region and progress for SAARC.

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Aluwihare, Arjuna. "The Nora and Noel Bartholomeusz Centre." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x533775.

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The College of Surgeons of Sri Lanka (CSSL) has long wanted a headquarters of its own. This need was compounded by Colombo being chosen to house the office of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Surgical Care Society – the apex surgical body of the SAARC countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

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Sehrawat, Madhu, and A. K. Giri. "The impact of financial development on economic growth." International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-11-2014-0172.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible co-integration and the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth in South-Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries using annual data from 1994 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) stationarity test with structural breaks is used to check the stationarity. The Westerlund (2006) panel co-integration test is employed to examine the long-run relationship among the variables. To carry out tests on the co-integrating vectors, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and PDOLS techniques are used and panel Granger causality test is used to examine the direction of the causality. Findings The Westerlund (2006) panel co-integration test confirms the existence of the long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth for SAARC countries. The coefficients of FMOLS and DOLS indicate that index of financial development (IFD) and trade openness supports economic growth in SAARC region. In the short-run, there is unidirectional causality running from IFD to economic growth. Research limitations/implications In the view of these findings it is recommended that countries in the region should adopt policies geared toward financial sector development to attain high economic growth. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, no studies have looked into SAARC countries to study the relationship between financial development and economic growth, this study is the first of its kind.

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Amjad, Faiza, and Naheed Zia Khan. "External Determinants of Growth and Growth Projections: SAARC and Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (December 1, 2004): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.737-755.

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The world is increasingly being divided into regions. The regional trading blocs are becoming more and more deepened and widened around the globe. The European Union (EU) has already reached a stage approximating to the trading relations usually found within a country rather than between the countries. The existence of regional economic groups, particularly in European and American continents, pose a range of theoretical, empirical and organisational questions for developing countries like Pakistan who depend on the countries of these regions for a significantly high share of their international trade. This paper focuses on the prospects of extended economic cooperation of Pakistan with the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).1 The argument is structured around three parts. Part I reviews the theoretical rationale of regional economic cooperation and the recent developments shaping the trading relations within the cooperating blocs. Part II critically evaluates the relative size and significance of the external sector of the SAARC region countries, along with presenting statistical estimates of the major external determinants of the region’s economic growth. Finally, Part III estimates the relationship of major directions of Pakistan’s exports with the economic growth of the country and presents the growth projections by increasing and diverting the exports to the SAARC and ASEAN region countries.

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Ahuja, Shobha. "Potential for Augmenting Trade and Commercial Ties between India and the SAARC-ASEAN Region." Foreign Trade Review 36, no. 1-2 (April 2001): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515010104.

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Emergence of regional trading blocs like EC, NAFT A, SAARC, etc. has resulted in the strengthening and enhancement of economic and trade relations between the countries in particular and world at large. The collective self-reliance emanating out of these regional trade blocs has become crucial for the developing countries to manoeuvre against the pressures exerted by the developed nations. The objective of the paper is to explore the potential of enhancing trade and commercial ties between India and SAARC-ASEAN region in areas of comparative advantage. It also aims to explore wider business opportunities at mutually advantageous terms.

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Jafrin, Nusrat, Masnun Mahi, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, and Deboshree Ghosh. "Demographic dividend and economic growth in emerging economies: fresh evidence from the SAARC countries." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 8 (May 7, 2021): 1159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2020-0588.

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PurposeThe study attempts to establish the relationship between demographic dividend and GDP growth rate by utilising panel data from 1990 to 2017 in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the pooled OLS model, using data from the World Bank's database for the period 1990–2017 for five selected South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries.FindingsThe results reveal that demographic dividend affects economic growth in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Pakistan, thereby supporting the demographic dividend hypothesis. For the country-specific analysis, it was also observed that demographic dividend impacts the economic growth of the five SAARC countries. In addition, growth of gross capital formation is highly significant for both aggregated and country-specific analyses. However, economic growth is unaffected by trade openness and unemployment rates. Moreover, the rate of labour force participation is negatively related to the GDP growth rate in the aggregated model.Originality/valueThis paper bestows insight into the fact that the impact of demographic dividend on the economic growth of the SAARC regions cannot be fully actualised if the workforce are underutilised. This region needs to adopt appropriate policies to strengthen the considerable benefits of demographic dividend on the economic growth.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SAARC countries'

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