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Academic literature on the topic 'Sac embryonnaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sac embryonnaire"
Sawicka-Tarwidowa, Helena. "Sur l'évolution du chondriome pendant le développement du sac embryonnaire de l’Orchis latifolius L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 11, no. 4 (2017): 511–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1934.033.
Full textCuchtmanówna, S. "O budowie woreczka zarodkowego Petunia violacea Lindl. [Sur la structure du sac embryonnaire chez Petunia violacea]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 7, no. 2 (2017): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1930.019.
Full textOukabli, Ahmed, Loudivi Dou-Elmakane Wallali, Ali Lansari, Abdelhadi Abousalim, and José Egea. "Développement du sac embryonnaire et aspects de la fécondation chez l'amandier autocompatiblePrunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A. Webb cv. "Tuono"." Fruits 56, no. 2 (March 2001): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2001117.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sac embryonnaire"
Song, Yuan-Chun. "Sac embryonnaire et embryons zygotiques chez le maïs (Z. Mays) : méthode d'isolement in vitro et recherche de marqueurs protéiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10058.
Full textNaguet, De Saint-Vulfran Noémie. "Caractérisation des populations enrichies en cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans le placenta et le sac vitellin au cours du développement embryonnaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833398.
Full textAl, Kilani Alia. "L'établissement du schéma général de l’arbre vasculaire embryonnaire : application sur le sac vitellin et le cerveau de l’embryon de poulet." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S013.
Full textStudy of physiological and mechanical features of the development of the vascular tree in the proximo-distal direction showed that blood vessel formation is favored in the less compressed areas. Therefore we proposed a physical model of the formation of yolk sac that describes the kinetics of development observed. In addition, we have studied the phenomenon of metamorphosis capillaries around an artery in growth into a parallel vein and the phenomenon of switching between the loop circuit and the parallel circuit the growing vascular tree. We were able to show that this transformation is triggered when the hydrodynamic resistance of the vascular network of the loop circuit starts to increase when the vessels grow. Thus, the artery induced the formation of "its" own vein alongside him. In another part, studies on limb’s formation were carried out, here we have demonstrated that the legs and the wings of the chicken embryo are budding in the direction of stress gradient so that the growth of lims gets ahead from stiff areas to the soft areas. Furthermore, we studied the molecular microtexture of collagen during the development of somites. The observations confirm that the deformation fields are congruent with the fields of molecular orientation. In conclusion, mechanics plays a role in both determining the mesoscopic morphologies at the cellular level and above, and guiding the organic polymer in the molecular level
Naguet, de Saint Vulfran Noémie. "Caractérisation des populations enrichies en cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans le placenta et le sac vitellin au cours du développement embryonnaire." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066434.
Full textIn mice, little is known about the surface markers that characterize embryonic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). During my PhD, I have studied in the placenta (Pl) and the yolk sac (YS) three populations (CD34+c-kithi, CD144+CD45+ and Sca-1+AA4. 1+) that have already been described as enriched in HSCs in other contexts. The whole project shows that enrichment in HSCs do not involve the same markers according to the tissue concerned: in sites of emergence (AGM) and emergence/amplification of HSCs (YS), the most enriched population in HSCs is the CD144+CD45+ one; in the Pl, an amplification organ of HSCs, the best one is the CD34+c-kithiSca-1+ population, whereas in the fetal liver (FL), an amplification/differentiation organ of HSCs, it is the CD34+c-kithiSca-1+AA4. 1+ one. Molecular analysis of these populations will reveal specific regulatory molecules concerning the emergence and amplification of HSCs. In addition, we have used VECR transgenic mice to study the origin of CD34+c-kithi HSCs from Pl at E11. 5, and it seems that all cells of this population are not derived from the endothelium. Preliminary results performed on Mpl-/- mice, which show a defect in HSCs content in the Pl and the FL, indicate that at E11. 5, the hematopoietic potential of CD34+c-kithi population in Mpl-/- Pl is lower than the CD34+c-kithi population in wild type Pl, and this difference is no more visible at E12. 5. Thus, the Pl appears to be a transient niche of HSCs amplification/maturation, but it also remains possible that it can be able to directly produce HSCs
Gélébart, Pascale. "Haploïdisation chez le tournesol cultivé (Helianthus annuus L. ) par gynogenèse in vitro." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112180.
Full textThis thesis deals with haploidisation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ) by in vitro gynogenesis. The first part of this work concerns a description of floral morphology and biology of sunflower, followed by a study on a correlation between florets and female gametophyte evolutions, so that optimal sac stages for gynogenesis could be collected. After trials made on various female organs, achievement of the gynogenetic development of embryo sac is obtained with ovules cultived inside ovaries for the first week of in vitro culture. The best position of ovules and ovaries on the medium is the vertical one. The second part of this work deals with the influence of some important factors on in vitro culture. Many media sequences have been tested. The simplest one was kept, including only two media: one for gynogenetic induction, and one for differentiation of embryos into plantlets. Growth regulators, sugar and nitrogen sources actions, as well as culture conditions and pre-treatment influences on gynogenesis have been examined. At last, it was possible to define a standard protocol for in vitro gynogenesis. 35 out of the 38 genotypes tested gave gynogenetic embryos, and haploid plants were obtained with 29 genotypes. Cytological studies on gynogenetic development showed that almost all the gynogenetic structures are embryos issuing from egg cell. Antipodal cells had a high cellular activity too. Potential appliances of in vitro gynogenesis of sunflower are discussed
Dessauw, Dominique. "Étude des facteurs de la stérilité du bananier (Musa spp. ) et des relations cytotaxinomiques entre M. Acuminata Colla et M. Balbisiana Colla." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112397.
Full textTwo species are involved in the genetic background of edible bananas Musa acuminata Colla and M. B albisiana Colla (2n = 22). Inter or intra-specific differences do not exist between nuclear DNA amounts of 3 clones of the 2 species, determined by Feulgen cytophotometry. Nuclear DNA content amounst to 2. 7 pq per 2C nucleus. Meiotic chromosome pairing is good between both species at 2n, 3n and 4n levels. In the present state of knowledge, no significant difference can be shown between the 2 genomes. Chromosome changes reduce fertility. They result from hybridization between individuals of different geographic areas. Rate of spherical tetrads and pollen fertility are significantly correlated, which could give a special meaning to the orientation of the 2 homeotypic mitosis of the dyad. Female fertility of chromosome origin is increased in edible clones by embryo-sac development or fertilization failure and by abnormal relationships between embryo and endosperm. The wild tetraploids induced by colchicine treatment of seedlings have a slower growth rate and reduced numbers of female flowers and a lower female fertility. A mean of 3 potential quadrivalents are formed in the PMC. Tetraploid male fertility is good with a possibility of morphological separation of haploid and diploid gametophytes. Wild bananas interest in breeding scheme is discussed
Levieil, Catherine. "Études cytologique et génétique de la reproduction sexuée chez la chicorée (Cichorium intybus L. )." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112053.
Full textThe development of an ovule and anther clearing technique allowed us to observe and establish the chronology of the different sexual reproduction stages in witloof chicory: micro and megaga metogenesis male cells migration to pollen tube and embryo sac, double fertilization embryogenesis. The 2 sperm cells conection in the pollen tube and also the association between the vegetative nucleus and the 2 sperm cells on entering the embryo sac were demonstrated. This male germ unit appeared to be dissociated in the micropylar area of the embryo sac. The evolvement in the form of sperm cells during migration was observed. The hypothesis of structure regulation by a microtubular network was put forward after investigation of colchicine action on sperm cells. The development of in vitro germination of pollen and zygotic embryos culture allowed us to study in vitro fertilization. Cytological analysis of embryo sacs evidenced the occurrence of in vitro fertilization 3 plants could thus be regenerated. Haploidization was investigated by different ways: in vitro gynogenesis by means of non fertilized ovules culture, in situ gynogenesis using irradiated pollen and in situ androgenesis by ovule irradiation. Cytological observation of the embryo sac allowed us to analyse how these various treatments act and from which cells the gynogenetic embryos derive. The potentialities of each haploidization technique are discussed
Lafleur, Edith. "Rôle de la protéine ScFRK1 dans le développement du sac embryonnaire et son impact sur le guidage des tubes polliniques." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3617.
Full textThe Solanum chacoense Fertilization-Related Kinase 1 (ScFRK1) is a member of plant MAPKKK that is specifically expressed in ovules. ScFRK1 mRNA levels accumulate predominantly in the egg apparatus cells of the embryo sac at mature stage and decrease rapidly following pollination. These results suggest both pre- and post-fertilization roles in ovule development. Although no expression could be detected in mature pollen, FRK1 mRNAs could be detected in pollen mother cells. Transgenic plants expressing sense or antisense ScFRK1 showed no abnormal phenotype in vegetative tissues but produced seedless fruits upon pollination. A microscope-based examination of developing female gametophytes revealed that its formation did not progress further than the functional megaspore stage in affected transgenic plants and, as the levels of ScFRK1 mRNA decreased, the percentage of normal embryo sacs declined. Surprisingly, even in severely affected plants producing no or very few embryo sacs, pollination led to the production of parthenocarpic fruits. Similarly, viable pollen production declined with decreasing levels of ScFRK1 and this could be linked to affected mitosis I. Since embryo sac integrity is a prerequisite for pollen tube guidance, we devised a semi-in vivo pollen tube growth system to assess the ability of the ScFRK1 mutant ovules to attract pollen tubes. As expected, guidance was severely affected, confirming the involvement of the egg apparatus cells as the source of attracting molecules. Attraction was also determined to be highly species-specific and developmentally-regulated with the acquisition of attraction competence on anthesis day.
Chevalier, Eric. "Implication des peptides RALFs dans les communications cellulaires lors du développement du gamétophyte femelle chez Solanum chacoense et Arabidopsis thaliana." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9710.
Full textIn angiosperms, reproduction occurs through double fertilization. The pollen tube delivers two sperm cells into the female gametophyte. A first sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to produce a zygote, while the other fertilizes the central cell to produce the endosperm. To ensure reproductive success, the development of the female gametophyte within the ovule must establish a cellular pattern allowing interaction with the pollen tube and sperm cells. To this end, a dialogue must be established amongst the various cells of the ovule during its development, as well as during fertilization. Several types of communication are suggested by the analysis of developmental mutants. These communications must persist in the zygote and endosperm to allow the formation of a viable embryo within the seed. Recent developments have helped to find signaling molecules that support cell interaction models developed by the scientific community, but the signaling pathways are far from complete. In order to characterise genes encoding signaling proteins which are potentially active during reproduction in Solanum chacoense, I undertook the expression analysis of the RALF-like genes present in a bank of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) specific to the ovule after fertilization. RALF, Rapid Alcalinization Factor, is a 5 kDa peptide that is part of the superfamily of Cysteine Rich Proteins (CRPs), which play a wide variety physiological roles within the plant. This expression analysis led to a detailed analysis of ScRALF3, whose expression in the plant is largely restricted to the ovule. The analysis of ScRALF3 RNAi transgenic plants revealed a function during megagametogenesis. The transgenic plants exhibit abnormal mitotic divisions that prevent the maturity of the embryo sac. The positioning of the nuclei, as well as the timing of divisions in the syncytium, appear to be responsible for the arrest of development during megagametogenesis. Isolation of the promoter as well as more accurate analysis of transcript expression reveals localisation within the ovule sporophytic tissue. The auxin signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of ScRALF3 expression. ScRALF3 is a secreted peptide passing via the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In summary, ScRALF3 may be an important factor facilitating communication between the gametophyte and the sporophyte to allow maturation of the embryo sac. The identification of a potential orthologue in Arabidopsis thaliana led to the characterisation of AtRALF34. The lack of a phenotype during embryo sac development, however, suggests that genetic redundancy within the family of RALF-like genes is very complex. Nevertheless, the RALF peptides appear to be important regulators during reproduction in Solanum chacoense and Arabidopsis thaliana.
Loubert-Hudon, Audrey. "Implication du peptide ScRALF3 dans le développement du gamétophyte femelle chez Solanum chacoense." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8972.
Full textDevelopment coordination through intercellular communication is essential for plant reproduction. Several studies show that communication between embryo sac and maternal tissue, the sporophyte, is essential to the development of gametes. These molecules, peptides or other actors involved in these signaling pathways and their mode of action remains unclear. Genes encoding small secreted RALF peptides specifically or ubiquitously expressed throughout the plant are good candidates to allow these cell-cell communications. Thirteen RALF-like genes have been isolated at present from the wild potato Solanum chacoense. Now, we show that one of these, ScRALF3, is involved in the polarization of the embryo sac and the synchronicity of mitotic divisions to ensure the formation of a functional mature female gametophyte. Since it is specifically expressed in the integument of the ovule, ScRALF3 is an ideal candidate to regulate cell-cell communication between the sporophyte and the gametophyte, e.g., the embryo sac.