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Journal articles on the topic 'Sac spiders'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Eberhard, William. "Substitution of silk stabilimenta for egg sacs by Allocyclosa bifurca (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests that silk stabilimenta function as camouflage devices." Behaviour 140, no. 7 (2003): 847–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903770238346.

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AbstractThe matching form and orientation of egg sacs and spiders, the match between egg sac color and that of the spider, ontogenetic changes in spider coloration that occur when egg sacs begin to be produced, differences in the positions of the spiders' legs during the day and at night, and coordinated changes in spider and egg sac colors in different populations all indicated that the egg sac and detritus stabilimenta near the hub function as camouflage in Allocyclosa bifurca. Silk stabilimentum construction was induced by experimental removal of egg sac stabilimenta, and was inhibited by a

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2

Ewunkem, Akamu Jude, and Kyle Agee. "Spider Parental Care and Awe-Inspiring Egg Sac (Cocoon)." International Journal of Zoology 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6763306.

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Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) represent one of the largest groups of organisms on Earth with more than 45,000 recorded species found in nearly all terrestrial communities. In these communities, spiders are obligate predators and generalist consumers regulating the density of pests. Spiders have a stupefying array of prey hunting strategies ranging from ambushing to the use of complex silk nares. Spider silk is incredibly tough and can be used for many applications such as wrapping and immobilization, catching prey, as dragline to connect spiders to the web, as ballooning to aid dispersal of juv

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3

Röggla, Georg. "Yellow sac spiders." Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 130, no. 1-2 (2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-017-1288-6.

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4

Souza-Santiago, Brenda Kelly, Yuri Fanchini Messas, Diego Galvão de Pádua, Adalberto J. Santos, and João Vasconcellos-Neto. "Taking care of the enemy: egg predation by the Darwin wasp Tromatobia sp. (Ichneumonidae) on the cobweb spider Chrysso compressa (Araneae, Theridiidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 95 (February 17, 2023): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.95.97029.

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Some wasp species use spiders as food resources, overcoming several anti-predator barriers that are exerted by spiders. Tromatobia ichneumonid wasps are spider egg predators that usually attack Araneidae species, although there are few records of predation on Clubionidae, Philodromidae, Linyphiidae, Tetragnathidae, and Theridiidae spiders. Here, we describe the interaction between Tromatobia sp. and Chrysso compressa, a subsocial theridiid spider that exhibits extended maternal care, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We observed that the larva of Tromatobia sp. develop inside the

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5

Souza-Santiago, Brenda Kelly, Yuri Fanchini Messas, Pádua Diego Galvão de, Adalberto J. Santos, and João Vasconcellos-Neto. "Taking care of the enemy: egg predation by the Darwin wasp Tromatobia sp. (Ichneumonidae) on the cobweb spider Chrysso compressa (Araneae, Theridiidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 95 (February 17, 2023): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.95.97029.

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Some wasp species use spiders as food resources, overcoming several anti-predator barriers that are exerted by spiders. Tromatobia ichneumonid wasps are spider egg predators that usually attack Araneidae species, although there are few records of predation on Clubionidae, Philodromidae, Linyphiidae, Tetragnathidae, and Theridiidae spiders. Here, we describe the interaction between Tromatobia sp. and Chrysso compressa, a subsocial theridiid spider that exhibits extended maternal care, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We observed that the larva of Tromatobia sp. develop inside the

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6

Staniak, Kamil, Grzegorz K. Wagner, and Bernard Staniec. "A new locality of the European yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789) (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) in eastern Poland." Fragmenta Faunistica 64, no. 1 (2022): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2021.64.1.059.

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This is the first record of the European yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789) from the Lublin Upland (SE Poland). A dozen or so silk nests containing these spiders were found among goldenrod stems (Solidago sp.) on a dry meadow near Chodel, a village in the valley of the River Chodelka on 8 October 2021.

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7

Brown, Christopher A., Carlos C. Amaya, and Daniel R. Formanowicz. "The frequency of leg autotomy and its influence on survival in natural populations of the wolf spider Pardosa valens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 9 (2018): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0262.

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Autotomy occurs when an animal intentionally sacrifices an appendage to escape predation or free a limb. While immediately beneficial, loss of an appendage can lead to a variety of future costs. In many spiders, leg autotomy is common; previous work has sometimes demonstrated autotomy costs in some behaviors, while other times, no costs of autotomy occur. We examined frequency of autotomy in two riparian zone populations of the wolf spider Pardosa valens Barnes, 1959 and then used both mark–recapture work at these sites and laboratory predation trials to determine whether autotomy affected sur

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8

GAN, Wenjin, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, and Daiqin LI. "Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata: Do they function to camouflage the spiders?" Current Zoology 56, no. 3 (2010): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.3.379.

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Abstract Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this study, we tested the visibility of web decorations by calculating chromatic and

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9

LYLE, ROBIN, and CHARLES R. HADDAD. "Jocquestus, a new genus of trachelid sac spiders from the Afrotropical Region (Arachnida: Araneae)." Zootaxa 4471, no. 2 (2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.4.

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The new dark sac spider genus Jocquestus gen. nov. (Araneae: Trachelidae) is proposed for two species of Afrotropical trachelid spiders, J. schenkeli (Lessert, 1923) comb. nov. (type species) from D.R. Congo, South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and J. roeweri (Lawrence, 1938) comb. nov. from South Africa, both of which are transferred from Trachelas L. Koch, 1872. Both species are redescribed and the male of J. roeweri comb. nov. is described for the first time. Five new species are described: J. capensis sp. nov. (♂ ♀), J. harrisi sp. nov. (♀) and J. incurvus sp. nov. (♂ ♀) from South Afri

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10

Uhl, Gabriele, and Fritz Vollrath. "Genital morphology of Nephila edulis: implications for sperm competition in spiders." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 1 (1998): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-170.

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The genital morphology of the female is assumed to control the pattern of sperm priority. Spiders are divided roughly along phylogenetic lines into haplogyne and entelegyne types, the principal difference being in female genital morphology (cul-de-sac and conduit types of spermathecae). Nephila edulis is an entelegyne spider and we studied the genital morphology of both sexes by means of scanning electron microscopy and semithin sectioning. In the female, the copulatory ducts leading to the spermatheca were much longer and more differentiated than the fertilization duct. We question the common

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11

Guo, Xiangbo, Paul A. Selden, and Dong Ren. "Maternal care in Mid-Cretaceous lagonomegopid spiders." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1959 (2021): 20211279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1279.

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Maternal care benefits the survival and fitness of offspring, often at a cost to the mother's future reproduction, and has evolved repeatedly throughout the animal kingdom. In extant spider species, this behaviour is very common and has different levels and diverse forms. However, evidence of maternal care in fossil spiders is quite rare. In this study, we describe four Mid-Cretaceous (approx. 99 Ma) amber specimens from northern Myanmar with an adult female, part of an egg sac and some spiderlings of the extinct family Lagonomegopidae preserved, which suggest that adult lagonomegopid females

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12

Cardoso, João C. F., Fernando Carbayo, and Marcelo O. Gonzaga. "Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) also prey on web-building spiders." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 18, no. 3 (2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e103322.

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Although spiders and land planarians constitute diverse groups of terrestrial predators, interactions between them are still unknown. Here, we describe a predatory event of a land planarian (Choeradoplana cf. gladismariae) on a web-building spider (Helvibis longicauda) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The prey was constricted and covered with sticky mucus while remaining on its web trying to protect its egg sac. The event was observed in the middle-end afternoon at ca. 1.80 m height. Our observation broadens the scope of possible natural enemies of web-building spiders and the prey items of l

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13

Haddad, Charles R. "Spinotrachelas, a new genus of tracheline sac spiders from South Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)." African Invertebrates 47 (December 31, 2006): 85–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667496.

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14

Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Shuqiang Li, and Dinh-Sac Pham. "First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam." Zootaxa 3613, no. 4 (2013): 343–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.4.2.

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15

Lyle, Robin, and Charles R. Haddad. "Jocquestus, a new genus of trachelid sac spiders from the Afrotropical Region (Arachnida: Araneae)." Zootaxa 4471, no. 2 (2018): 309–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.4.

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16

Baatrup, Erik, Anders O. Rasmussen, Hans Malte, and Søren Toft. "Exponential distribution of velocities and power distribution of quiescent periods in the spontaneous movement patterns of three hunting spiders." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, no. 3 (2021): 806–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab020.

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Abstract Here, we investigate the spontaneous locomotor patterns in three spiders with different hunting strategies. The locomotor activity of adult wolf spiders Pardosa amentata, with a sit-and-move hunting strategy, has previously been demonstrated to follow strictly mathematical rules, with most time spent at lower velocities and exponentially decreasing time spent at increasing velocities. Likewise, they have an abundance of short quiescent (resting) periods following a power decay function towards longer quiescent periods. In the present study, we explored whether similar distributions we

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17

Wang, Lu-Yu, Feng Zhang, and Zhi-Sheng Zhang. "Ant-like sac spiders from Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve of Chongqing, China (Araneae: Corinnidae)." Zootaxa 3431 (December 31, 2012): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.209833.

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18

Wu, Hsuan-Chen, Shang-Ru Wu, Thomas Yang, and Jen-Chang Yang. "A Facile Measurement for Monitoring Dragline Silk Dope Concentration in Nephila pilipes upon Spinning." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101951.

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In spite of all the efforts towards deciphering the silk spinning process of spiders, the underlying mechanism is yet to be fully revealed. In this research, we designed a novel approach that allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the concentration change of silk dope during the liquid-to-solid spinning process of the orb-weaver Nephila pilipes. As a prior characterization of the optimal silking conditions, we first gauged the influence of silking-rate, ranging from 1.5 to 8.0 m/min, on dragline silk diameters and silk tensile strengths obtained from the spiders. Next, to evaluate the liquid co

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19

Yu, Hao, Zixuan Sun, and Guren Zhang. "New taxonomic data on the sac spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Clubionidae) from China, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 3299 (December 31, 2012): 44–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.246146.

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Yu, Hao, Sun, Zixuan, Zhang, Guren (2012): New taxonomic data on the sac spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Clubionidae) from China, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3299: 44-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246146

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20

Biswas and Raychaudhuri. "SAC SPIDERS OF BANGLADESH-II : GENERA CASTIANElRA KEYSERLING, SPHINGIUS THORELL AND TRACHELAS KOCH (ARANEAE : CLUBIONIDAE )." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 98, no. 2 (2000): 131–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.556082.

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Biswas, Raychaudhuri (2000): SAC SPIDERS OF BANGLADESH-II : GENERA CASTIANElRA KEYSERLING, SPHINGIUS THORELL AND TRACHELAS KOCH (ARANEAE : CLUBIONIDAE ). Records of the Zoological Survey of India 98 (2): 131-139, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.556082

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21

Lin, Yucheng, Dinh-Sac Pham, and Shuqiang Li. "Six New Spiders From Caves Of Northern Vietnam (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae: Ochyroceratidae: Telemidae: Symphytognathidae)." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57, no. 2 (2009): 323–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4508246.

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Lin, Yucheng, Pham, Dinh-Sac, Li, Shuqiang (2009): Six New Spiders From Caves Of Northern Vietnam (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae: Ochyroceratidae: Telemidae: Symphytognathidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (2): 323-342, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508246

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22

Haddad, Charles R., and Robin Lyle. "Three new genera of arboreal dark sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Trachelidae)." Zootaxa 5399, no. 5 (2024): 451–504. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.1.

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Haddad, Charles R., Lyle, Robin (2024): Three new genera of arboreal dark sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Trachelidae). Zootaxa 5399 (5): 451-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8

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23

Haddad, Charles R., and Robin Lyle. "Three new genera of tracheline sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)." African Invertebrates 49, no. 2 (2008): 37. https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.049.0204.

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Haddad, Charles R., Lyle, Robin (2008): Three new genera of tracheline sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae). African Invertebrates 49 (2): 37, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0204, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0204

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24

Wang, Lu-Yu, Shuqiang Li, and Dinh-Sac Pham. "The wolf spiders of three national parks in Northern Vietnam (Araneae: Lycosidae)." Zootaxa 5537, no. 2 (2024): 234–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.4.

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Wang, Lu-Yu, Li, Shuqiang, Pham, Dinh-Sac (2024): The wolf spiders of three national parks in Northern Vietnam (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zootaxa 5537 (2): 234-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.4

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25

Huber, Bernhard A., Guanliang Meng, Nadine Dupérré, Jonas Astrin, and Mauricio Herrera. "Andean giants: Priscula spiders from Ecuador, with notes on species groups and egg-sac troglomorphism (Araneae: Pholcidae)." European Journal of Taxonomy 909 (November 28, 2023): 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.909.2351.

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Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Dupérré, Nadine, Astrin, Jonas, Herrera, Mauricio (2023): Andean giants: Priscula spiders from Ecuador, with notes on species groups and egg-sac troglomorphism (Araneae: Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 909: 1-63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.909.2351, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2351/10271

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26

Singh, Rajendra, Garima Singh, and Akhilesh Sharma. "Diversity of Yellow Sac Spiders (Cheiracanthiidae: Araneae: Arachnida) in India." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8, no. 6 (2020): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2020.v8.i6b.7844.

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27

Barrantes, Gilbert, Luis Sandoval, Catalina Sánchez-Quirós, Pierre-Paul Bitton, and Stéphanie M. Doucet. "Variation and possible function of egg sac coloration in spiders." Journal of Arachnology 41, no. 3 (2013): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b12-93.1.

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28

Cushing, Paula E., and Brent D. Opell. "Disturbance behaviors in the spider Uloborus glomosus (Araneae, Uloboridae): possible predator avoidance strategies." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 6 (1990): 1090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-161.

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When disturbed, Uloborus glomosus either remain in position at the hub of their orb webs, jump from the web, move to the edge of the web, or shake the web. Juveniles more frequently exhibited moving and jumping responses, whereas the majority of adults jumped from the web or remained in position. Adults with linear stabilimenta tended to shake their webs in the morning and to jump from their webs in the evening. Juveniles with linear stabilimenta shook their webs in the afternoon and evening, whereas those with circular stabilimenta tended to move to the edge of the web or shake the web during

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29

Amalin, Divina M., Jorge E. Peña, Robert McSorley, and Jorge E. Pena. "Gut Content Analysis of Three Species of Sac Spiders by Electrophoresis." Florida Entomologist 83, no. 4 (2000): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3496726.

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30

Amalin, Divina M., Jonathan Reiskind, Jorge E. Peña, and Robert McSorley. "PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF THREE SPECIES OF SAC SPIDERS ATTACKING CITRUS LEAFMINER." Journal of Arachnology 29, no. 1 (2001): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2001)029[0072:pbotso]2.0.co;2.

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31

Cobb, Lisa M., and Vincent A. Cobb. "Occurrence of Parasitoid Wasps, Baeus sp. and Gelis sp., in the Egg Sacs of the Wolf Spiders Pardosa moesta and Pardosa sternalis (Araneae, Lycosidae) in Southeastern Idaho." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 1 (2004): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.894.

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Egg sacs of the wolf spiders Pardosa moesta and Pardosa sternalis were sampled for two years during June to September in southeastern Idaho. Parasitoid wasps, Baeus sp. (Sceleonidae) and Gelis sp. (Ichneumonidae), were observed in the egg sacs of both Pardosa species. Of 322 egg sacs examined, 14.6% were parasitized. Parasitism of egg sacs occurred throughout most of the Pardosa egg sac-carrying season.

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32

Guo, Minghao, Zhaoyi Li, and Feng Zhang. "Two new species of the Clubiona corticalis group (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Yunnan, China." ZooKeys 1224 (January 28, 2025): 175–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1224.135572.

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Two new species belonging to the <i>corticalis</i> group of the sac spider genus <i>Clubiona</i> Latreille, 1804 are described from both males and females: <i>Clubiona longyangensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>Clubiona multiprocessa</i> sp. nov. The two species are currently known to occur in Baoshan City and Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, respectively. Detailed descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of the two species are provided.

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Haddad, Charles R., and Robin Lyle. "Three New Genera of Tracheline Sac Spiders from Southern Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)." African Invertebrates 49, no. 2 (2008): 37–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.049.0204.

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34

Kostro-Ambroziak, Agata, Janusz Kupryjanowicz, and Martin Schwarz. "Who wins? Ray spiders (Theridiosoma gemmosum) (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) versus egg sac parasitoids." Journal of Arachnology 48, no. 1 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202-48.1.90.

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Jiménez-Conejo, Natalia, Paul E. Hanson, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, and Geovanna Rojas-Malavasi. "The Prevalence of Egg Parasitoids of Two Cobweb Spiders in a Tropical Urban Gradient." Arthropoda 2, no. 4 (2024): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2040018.

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Parasitoidism strongly influences the structure of the spiders’ populations, and it can be affected by environmental factors such as those caused by anthropogenic actions. We studied the prevalence of parasitoids in egg sacs and the proportion of eggs parasitized in each egg sac of two synanthropic spider species, one native to the American continent (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) and another recently introduced to the Americas (Latrodectus geometricus). We conducted the study at two scales, along an urban gradient (from highly urbanized to rural sites) and in the vegetation surrounding each samp

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Jiang, Zimin, Changyong Lin, Zhongjing Wang, Yanbin Yao, and Keke Liu. "A new species of Otacilia Thorell, 1897 (Araneae, Phrurolithidae) from Tongboshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (January 28, 2025): e144804. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.13.e144804.

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Sixty-four phrurolithid species were found from Jiangxi Province in the past five years. However, there are still many unknown phrurolithid species from this Province with unusual morphological characteristics.A new species, <i>Otacilia tongboshan</i> Liu, <b>sp. nov.</b> is described from Tongboshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. Morphological illustrations, SEMs and living photos and a distribution map are given.

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Bowden, J. J., and C. M. Buddle. "Egg sac parasitism of Arctic wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from northwestern North America." Journal of Arachnology 40, no. 3 (2012): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/p11-50.1.

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38

HADDAD, CHARLES R., and ROBIN LYLE. "Three new genera of arboreal dark sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Trachelidae)." Zootaxa 5399, no. 5 (2024): 451–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.1.

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As part of a revision of the Afrotropical species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae: Trachelidae), we distinguished three new genera of primarily arboreal spiders from southern Africa that are described here: Coronarachne gen. nov., represented by four new species known from both sexes, C. denticulata sp. nov. (type species), C. penicillus sp. nov., C. setosa sp. nov. and C. unigena sp. nov., and C. neethlingi sp. nov., known only from the male; Falcaranea gen. nov., represented by three new species known from both sexes, F. amatola sp. nov., F. gladius sp. nov. (type species) and F. maputen

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39

Khoza, Thembile T., and Robin Lyle. "Four new species of the sac spider genus Planochelas Lyle & Haddad, 2009 (Araneae, Trachelidae) from central and southern Africa." African Invertebrates 60, no. 2 (2019): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.35269.

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The genus Planochelas Lyle &amp; Haddad, 2009 is endemic to the Afrotropical region. Members of the genus are very small, arboreal sac spiders. They are mainly collected by canopy fogging in tropical forest and savanna. In this study, four new species of Planochelas are described: P.brevissp. nov., P.jocqueisp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and P.haddadisp. nov., P.neethlingisp. nov. (South Africa). An updated key to the genus is provided, and the new species are illustrated by photographs and drawings. A distribution map for the genus is provided. This paper increases the number

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40

Zhang, Jianshuang, Hao Yu, and Shuqiang Li. "Femorbiona gen. nov., a new genus of sac spiders (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Southeast Asia." ZooKeys 1052 (July 30, 2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1052.66803.

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A new genus of Clubionidae Wagner, 1887, Femorbiona Yu &amp; Li, gen. nov., is described, with Clubiona brachyptera Zhu &amp; Chen, 2012 (♂♀; Hainan, China) as the type species. Three species are included in Femorbionagen. nov.: F. brachypteracomb. nov., F. phami Yu &amp; Li, sp. nov. (♂♀; Hai Phong, Vietnam), and F. shenzhen Yu &amp; Li, sp. nov. (♂♀; Guangdong, China).

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WANG, LU-YU, FENG ZHANG, and ZHI-SHENG ZHANG. "Ant-like sac spiders from Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve of Chongqing, China (Araneae: Corinnidae)." Zootaxa 3431, no. 1 (2012): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3431.1.3.

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Eight corinnid species were collected from the Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve: Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1877)(male, female), Otacilia komurai (Yaginuma, 1952) (male, female), O. longituba sp. nov. (male, female), O. taiwanica(Hayashi & Yoshida, 1993) (male, female), Phrurolithus hamatus sp. nov. (male, female), P. zongxu sp. nov. (male,female), Trachelas japonicus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (male, female) and T. sinensis Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1995 (female). Morphological illustrations and photos of all species and descriptions of new species are given.

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Zhang, Jianshuang, Hao Yu, and Shuqiang Li. "Femorbiona gen. nov., a new genus of sac spiders (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Southeast Asia." ZooKeys 1052 (July 30, 2021): 25–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1052.66803.

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A new genus of Clubionidae Wagner, 1887, Femorbiona Yu & Li, gen. nov., is described, with Clubiona brachyptera Zhu & Chen, 2012 (♂♀; Hainan, China) as the type species. Three species are included in Femorbiona gen. nov.: F. brachyptera comb. nov., F. phami Yu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀; Hai Phong, Vietnam), and F. shenzhen Yu & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀; Guangdong, China).

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Bernhard A., Huber, Meng Guanliang, Dupérré Nadine, Astrin Jonas, and Herrera Mauricio. "Andean giants: Priscula spiders from Ecuador, with notes on species groups and egg-sac troglomorphism (Araneae: Pholcidae)." European Journal of Taxonomy 909 (November 28, 2023): 1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.909.2351.

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The Andean genus Priscula Simon, 1893 includes the largest Neotropical pholcid spiders, but due to their mostly cryptic lifestyle they remain poorly collected and poorly studied. Many species available in collections remain undescribed and nothing has been published about the phylogeny and the biology of the genus. Here, we deal with a recent collection of Priscula spiders from Ecuador, the country of origin of the type species, P. gularis Simon, 1893. We describe eight new species, collected at 17 localities at altitudes from 640–3160 m, all based on males and females: P. azuay sp. nov., P. l

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Khoza, Thembile T., and Robin Lyle. "Four new species of the sac spider genus Planochelas Lyle & Haddad, 2009 (Araneae, Trachelidae) from central and southern Africa." African Invertebrates 60, no. (2) (2019): 147–64. https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.60.35269.

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The genus Planochelas Lyle & Haddad, 2009 is endemic to the Afrotropical region. Members of the genus are very small, arboreal sac spiders. They are mainly collected by canopy fogging in tropical forest and savanna. In this study, four new species of Planochelas are described: P. brevis sp. nov., P. jocquei sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and P. haddadi sp. nov., P. neethlingi sp. nov. (South Africa). An updated key to the genus is provided, and the new species are illustrated by photographs and drawings. A distribution map for the genus is provided. This paper increases the nu

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Biswas, V., and D. Raychaudhuri. "Sac-Spiders of Bangladesh : Genus <i>Cheiracanthium</i> Koch (Araneae : Clubionidae)." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 101, no. 3-4 (2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v101/i3-4/2003/159551.

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Amalin, Divina M., Jorge E. Peña, Jonathan Reiskind, and Robert McSorley. "COMPARISON OF THE SURVIVAL OF THREE SPECIES OF SAC SPIDERS ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL DIETS." Journal of Arachnology 29, no. 2 (2001): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2001)029[0253:cotsot]2.0.co;2.

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Ruhland, Fanny, Violette Chiara, and Marie Trabalon. "Age and egg-sac loss determine maternal behaviour and locomotor activity of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae)." Behavioural Processes 132 (November 2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.09.011.

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Trabalon, M., F. Ruhland, A. Laino, M. Cunningham, and F. Garcia. "Embryonic and post-embryonic development inside wolf spiders’ egg sac with special emphasis on the vitellus." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 188, no. 2 (2017): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-017-1120-7.

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Riccardi, Paula Raile, and Diego Galvão de Pádua. "First record of egg sac predation of the fly Pseudogaurax cingulatus Sabrosky (Diptera, Chloropidae) upon spider Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in northern Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (January 7, 2021): e20216104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.04.

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Pseudogaurax Malloch is a worldwide genus of Chloropidae with 33 species in the Neotropical region and 12 occurring in Brazil. The genus is well-known for the feeding habits of its larvae which attack egg masses and larvae of several arthropods, usually breeding in the egg sacs of spiders. In this study, we expanded the distribution of P. cingulatus to northern Brazil and recorded for the first time the species preying on Tetragnatha egg sacs. In addition, diagnosis, digital images and a distribution map are provided.

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Hajer, Jaromír, Lenka Foberová, and Dana Řeháková. "Silk-producing organs of ecribellate and cribellate nymphal stages in Austrochilus sp. (Araneae: Austrochilidae): Notes on the transformation of the anterior median spinnerets into the cribellum." Israel Journal of Entomology 47 (July 24, 2017): 21–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834179.

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During its life cycle, the cribellate spider <em>Austrochilus</em> sp. passes through the ecribellate nymphal, or spiderling stage (= the first instar, after leaving the egg sac), which has three pairs of spinnerets. According to the position and distribution of spigots on the spinnerets, these spigots are assumed to be connected to <em>glandulae ampullaceae major</em>, <em>glandulae ampullaceae minor</em>, <em>glandulae piriformes</em> and <em>glandulae aciniformes</em>. Such a spinning apparatus allows spiderlings to make draglines, attachment discs and silk for the molting platform. The

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