Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Saccharase'
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Joucla, Gilles. "Caractérisation de l'alternane-saccharase de Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355 : approche rationnelle et aléatoire pour la conception de nouvelles glucane-saccharases." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0032.
Full textThe alternansucrase (ASR) synthesizes from sucrose an homopolymer of glucose with a-1,6 and a-1,3 alternanted glucosidic linkages. The aim of this work was to characterise the ASR to understand the polymer synthesis and the process for alternanting the linkages which is unique in the 70 family of glucoside-hydrolases. Expression of asr gene in E. Coli led to low production and to degraded forms of the enzyme. However, the form ASR C-del (161 kDa), which is genetically truncated from "APY" amino acids repeated sequences, allowed a 120 fold increase in production without any degradation. Characterisation of the enzyme activity showed that the polymer is synthesized from the non-reducing end with successive transfers on glucose, the initial acceptor. Furthermore, sequence analysis followed with mutant constructions showed that the 768YDA770 fragment has a significant role in the alternating synthesis process. All theses results need to be confirmed by structural data. Thus, we developed a purification process to purify the ASR C-del in order to initiate crystallization experiments. To avoid limited design by the site directed mutagenesis without 3D structure, we generated libraries of variants of ASR C-del by random mutagenesis and combinatorial engineering and developed screening assays to isolate mutants more actives or affected in alternating function. Protocols were successfully set up and tested with the recent high throughput platform
Willemot, René-Marc. "Etude de la dextrane-saccharase de Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B512F." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0031.
Full textDaguer, Smith Jean Pierre. "L'opéron lévane saccharase de Bacillus subtilis : régulation transcriptionnelle et post-transcriptionnelle." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077046.
Full textAymerich, Stéphane. "Etude de la regulation de la synthese de la levane-saccharase de bacillus subtilis : modulation du niveau de la synthese, induction par le saccharose." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA019.
Full textBENYAHIA, BABAALI FADILA. "Etude du mecanisme de secretion de la levane saccharase chez bacillus subtilis." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066553.
Full textARGUELLO, MORALES MARTHA ALICIA. "L'alternane-saccharase de leuconostoc mesenteroides nrrl b-1355 : structure primaire et synthese d'oligosides." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0009.
Full textMolina, Manon. "Exploration of the molecular determinants involved in alternansucrase specificity and stability." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0010.
Full textThe alternansucrase (ASR) from Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B-1355 is a glucansucrase belonging to the family 70 of glycoside hydrolases (GH70). This α-transglucosylase uses a cheap and abundant molecule, sucrose, to catalyze the formation of a unique α-glucan polymer made of alternating α-1,6 and α-1,3 linkages in the main chain, called alternan. With a 45°C optimum temperature, ASR is among the most stable glucansucrases to date. To get a deeper insight in ASR determinants involved in linkage specificity, polymerization and stability, we have solved the unliganded 3D structure of this enzyme at 2.8 Å. Coupled to mutagenesis and molecular docking, our results suggest the alternance to be governed by the acceptor positioning in either +2 or +2’ subsite, and the key contributions of Trp675 or Asp772 residue, respectively. Complexes of ASR with various sugar ligands were also obtained and highlighted a site never identified in any other GH70 enzymes. This site is uniquely found in alternansucrase and could act as a bridge between the domain V and the active site facilitating alternan processive elongation. Finally, the construction and characterization of chimera enzymes suggested domain C to be involved in enzyme stability. Overall, our results improved our knowledge on the structure-function relationship of ASR and open new paths for the conception of polymers with controlled structures and physicochemical properties
HADDAOUI, ELARBI. "Secretion de la levane saccharase et de l'alpha-amylase chez bacillus subtilis : caracterisation de l'etape cinetiquement limitante." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112014.
Full textDumond, Pascale Morali Alain. "Le déficit congénital en saccharase-isomaltase étude rétrospective de 53 cas diagnostiqués en France de 1963 à 2003 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_DUMOND_PASCALE.pdf.
Full textDols, Marguerite. "Etude de la dextrane-saccharase de Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299 : production et application à la synthèse d'oligosides." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0026.
Full textEuzenat, Olivier. "La lévane-saccharase de Bacillus subtilis : production, purification et application à la synthèse de lévanes et de fructooligosides." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0052.
Full textChantret, Isabelle. "Régulation de l'expression de la saccharase-isomaltase humaine dans des cellules cancéreuses coliques en culture rôle répresseur du glucose ? /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612512f.
Full textSCOTTI, PIER ARNALDO. "Etude de la production et de l'adressage de la levane saccharase de bacillus subtilis dans la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112148.
Full textChantret, Isabelle. "Regulation de l'expression de la saccharase-isomaltase humaine dans des cellules cancereuses coliques en culture : role represseur du glucose ?" Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066135.
Full textVasseur, Monique. "Modèles cinétiques d'activation des enzymes en fonction du pH : concept de familles de protons : le modèle tétard de la saccharase intestinale." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112323.
Full textThe close relationship between sodium-dependent activation of rabbit intestinal sucrase (sucrose α-D-glucohydrolase, EC. 3. 2. 1. 48 ) and activation by enzyme deprotonation in the pH range 4. 8 to 7. 2 led us to build a kinetic model, Model II (Vasseur, 1982), derived in turn from an earlier pH-independent allosteric model, Model (Alvarado, 1974). Ln principle, Model II resembles the one first proposed by Alberty for anion and H⁺-dependent enzyme activation, except that formation of the active species involves loss of two protons rather than one ( pK₁ = 5. 7). Model Il, essentially based on classical models of Michaelis, Dixon or Cleland, does not explain fully the peculiar antagonistic relationship between Na⁺ (or the substrate) and one single key proton, Hₓ, which behaves as a fully competitive inhibitor. The second proton, Hy, is responsible for changes in enzyme catalytic activity. We postulate, therefore, that the two protons involved in pK₁ are functionally distinguishable and belong to two different families: the K family and the V family, responsible for affinity and capacity-type effects, respectively. Depending on whether Hₓ is bound or not, the enzyme alternates between two distinct forms exhibiting quite different binding properties. The alkali-metal ions Na⁺ and Li⁺ have a concentration-dependent dual effect on this equilibrium. At low concentrations, they facilitate the release of Hₓ, resulting in K-type activation. On the contrary, at higher concentrations they favor enzyme reprotonation, causing K-type (fully competitive) inhibition. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex activatory and inhibitory effects of the alkali-metal ions in the pH range 4. 8 to 8. 8, we propose a complete sucrase model, the Tetard (Tadpole) , which considers both the function and the number (three) of key protons participating. In contrast to classical concepts on pH-dependent enzyme activation, the Tetard model considers the participation of two proton families, V and K, in the same ionization reaction. Generalizing, we propose that a proton family consists of one or several protons that perform the same kinetic function and are either gained or lost as a bloc. Because all enzymes exhibit in principle two characteristic pK values, and since each of these pK values may involve a maximum of two proton families, we obtain, as a result, a four-proton-families general model, the Papillon (Butterfly), which should be able to explain any enzyme mechanism. By introducing appropriate simplifications, this model can generate any of a series of better known models, the simplest one of which is the classical Michaelis- Davidsohn one, where only two proton families are experimentally demonstrable instead of the theoretical four. We also describe a general mathematical treatment capable of yielding directly the global equation describing practically any enzyme, an equation which, furthermore, is readily adaptable for computer analysis
Fabre, Emeline. "Caractérisation de la dextrane-saccharase DSR-E de Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299 et application à la synthèse de composés prébiotiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0043.
Full textThe activity of the dextransucrase DSR-E from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, belonging to the glycoside-hydrolase family 70, is highly original, catalysing the syntheses of both a-1,6 and a-1,2 glucosidic linkages. This property is shown by the production, from sucrose, of a highly branched dextran, and also by the syntheses of glucooligosaccharides (GOS) in the presence of maltose. Moreover, DSR-E is unique in its enzymatic family, possessing two catalytic domains (CD1 and CD2), separated by a long Glucan Binding Domain (GBD). In order to understand the role of each domain, several truncated forms of DSR-E were produced in E. Coli. The structural characterization of the products revealed that CD1 is specific for the synthesis of -1,6 linkages, CD synthesizing only -1,2 linkages. The newly constructed GBD-CD2 is a transglucosidase highly specialized for the synthesis of -1,2 linkages, able to produce 90% (p/p) of -1,2 GOS, whereas the native activity leads to the synthesis of 50% of -1,6 GOS (w/w) and 50% of -1,2 GOS (p/p). -1,2 GOS possess a prebiotic activity and prevent the glucose sensitivity, first symptom of diabetes. Moreover, CD2 is responsible for the formation of -1,2 ramification points into the dextran structure, following a ping-pong bi-bi kinetic model. Finally, the concerted action of the two catalytic domains, dissociated but linked to GBD, permits the synthesis of a novel structure of glucan, possessing 50% of -1,2 linkages, reassembling a comb
Moulis, Claire. "Ingénierie rationnelle de la dextrane-saccharase DSR-S : compréhension du mécanisme de polymérisation pour la synthèse de dextranes de taille contrôlée." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0037.
Full textDextransucrase (DSR-S) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F catalyses from sucrose the synthesis of a polymer of D-glucosyl units called dextran, in which more than 95 % of the glucosyl units are a-1,6 linked. This polysaccharide has diverse applications, essentially for pharmaceutical compound formulations, but also as chromatographic support and more recently as texturing agent. The objective of the study was to improve our knowledge on the DSR-S structure-function relationships, in order to design new enzymes producing dextrans of controlled size, structure and physico-chemical properties. Heterologous expression of the dsrS gene by E. Coli was optimised and the design of a truncated form allowed for the first time the high level purification of a dextransucrase specific for the a-1,6 linkage synthesis. A detailed characterization of the first steps of the polymer formation highlighted the formation of products of intermediate size during the reaction, for which the concentration and average molecular weight increase versus time. A “semi-processive” mechanism of polymerization, involving only one catalytic site for the chain elongation by their non-reducing extremity can thus be proposed. Finally, the identification of structural determinants involved in this process allowed the construction of truncated forms which synthesize, in only one step and with advantageous yields (69 to 75 %), the 10,000 and 40,000 Da dextrans the most widely used today
Claverie, Marion. "GH70 dextransucases : Insights on the molecular determinants of dextran molar mass control." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0037/document.
Full textGlucansucrases (GS) from glycoside hydrolase family 70 (GH70) are -transglucosylases produced by lactic acid bacteria. From sucrose, an economical and abundant agro resource, they catalyze the polymerization of glucosyl residues. Depending on the enzyme specificity, α-glucans vary in terms of size, types of glucosidic bonds and degree of branching and have found multiple industrial applications mainly related to their molar mass (MM). However synthesizing polymers of controlled size with average MM ranging from 1 kg/mol to several millions g/mol and low polydispersity using one single enzyme remains challenging. Indeed, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the control of polymer size have been scarcely explored. To tackle this question, two GSs producing dextran (glucan composed of a majority of α-(1,6) linkages) were selected, and their mode of action explored via biochemical and structural analyses coupled to mutagenesis. The first enzyme selected, called DSR-M synthesizes only low molar mass (LMM) dextran (28 kg/mol) exclusively composed of -(1→6) linkages without any trace of HMM dextran (105 to 108 g/mol). In contrast, DSR-OK (second model), produces the highest MM dextran (>109 g/mol) described to date. Several 3D crystallographic structures of a truncated form of DSR-M (DSR-M2), either free or in complex with its substrate or product (isomaltotetraose) in the domain V or in the active site were solved. Such complexes were never obtained before. Noteworthy, one structure encompassed the most complete domain V reported to date. Analyses of these structures coupled to dextran synthesis monitoring, showed that the LMM dextran specificity of DSR-M2 is explained by a distributive elongation mode due to the weak affinity of its two sugar binding pockets in the domain V which interact with the growing dextran chains and allow the synthesis of dextran longer than 16 kg/mol. 15N1H NMR analyses (HSQC), for the first time performed with such a big protein, further revealed the crucial role of aromatic residues in the catalytic domain for the production of dextran from 2 to 16 kg/mol. In comparison, synthesis of HMM dextran by DSR-OK was shown to be mainly due to the sugar binding pockets of its domain V, ensuring much stronger interactions with growing dextran chains. The role of these pockets was evidenced for both enzymes, their functionality proposed to be linked to the presence of one aromatic stacking residue. Their positioning along domain V relatively to the active site is also important to promote efficient binding. All these findings highlight the cooperation between domain V and the catalytic domain for dextran elongation, offer new perspectives to acquire a deeper knowledge on this interplay and open promising strategies for GH70 enzyme engineering aiming at modulating glucan size
RODOLOSSE, ANNIE. "Repression de la transcription du gene de la saccharase-isomaltase humaine par le glucose dans la lignee d'adenocarcinome colique humaine caco-2." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077137.
Full textAlbenne, Cécile. "Ingénierie rationnelle de l'amylosaccharase de Neisseria polysaccharea : de la structure tri-dimensionnelle aux bases moléculaires de la catalyse." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0036.
Full textAmylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea (AS) is a transglucosidase from family 13 of glycoside-hydrolases which uses sucrose to synthesize an amylose-like polymer and elongates acceptor molecules as glycogen. Enzyme-substrate complexe analyses associated to site directed mutagenesis experiments allowed us to show that residues of subsite -1 are responsible for the specificity towards sucrose (Asp144, Arg509, Tyr147, Phe250). Residues of subsite +1 (Asp394, Arg446) ensure a correct positionning of acceptor molecules and are responsible for the specificity of synthesis but also of cleavage of the a-1,4 linkage. Indeed, we have showed that AS is able to disproportionate efficiently maltooligosaccharides of DP > 4. A strong subsite +4 (Arg415), associated to weak subsites +1, +2 and +3 (Arg226), reduce the accessibility of small molecules to the active site. A deep analysis of the reactions catalysed from sucrose led us to demonstrate that polymer synthesis result from the non-processive elongation of maltooligosaccharides synthesised by AS, at the non-reducing end. Opposed to compounds of DP < 4 which are accumulated because of a weak binding at subsites +1, +2 and +3, longer molecules are efficiently glucosylated thanks to a strong binding at different sites situated on the surface of the enzyme. A non-catalytic sucrose binding site has been identified and should be responsible for the atypical kinetic behavior of AS, via conformationnal movements. A molecular modelling study was initiated to explore the trajectory of sucrose between this secondary sucrose binding site and the active site. Molecular modelling was also used to propose a solution of docking of glycogen, which reveal a groove complementary to a branch of glycogen on the surface of the enzyme
Champion, Elise. "Glucane-saccharases optimisées pour la glucosylation de molécules intervenant dans la composition de vaccins." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000281/.
Full textThe difficult access to complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by chemical synthesis impairs their development on a large scale. Therefore, the use of biocatalysts appears as an appealing alternative, yet poorly exploited in spite of the fast-growing development of engineering technologies allowing the search and the construction of better performing enzymes, displaying novel specificities. The objective of this thesis aimed to apply enzyme engineering techniques to conceive novel glyco-enzymes well-adapted for the glucosylation of naturally non- or poorly recognized molecules (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and L-rhamnose derivatives fulfilling the subsequent chemical step requisites). The glucosylated motives obtained via the enzymatic route, and corresponding to the serotype-specific branched -D-glucopyranosyl linkages of Shigella flexneri 2a, 1b and 3a, are subsequently elongated through a chemical synthetic pathway to synthesize the antigenic oligosaccharides. This chemo-enzymatic road could open the way to oligosaccharide haptens at low cost, that could in the future be used in the development of a third-generation vaccine against S. Flexneri 1b and 3a. In a first study, we have evaluated the potential of four wild-type glucansucrases, specific for the synthesis of distinct osidic linkages, to glucosylate both types of targeted acceptors. Our preliminary results demonstrated that none of the tested glucansucrases allowed an efficient glucosylation of the target acceptors with the desired linkage specificity. On the basis of these results, amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea was chosen as a candidate enzyme for the development of biocatalysts with controlled stereo- and regio-specificities that could enable the glucosylation of both types of acceptors of interest. A semi-rational approach based on the engineering of the acceptor binding site (subsite +1) was undertaken to evolve this enzyme. By individually exploring 7 positions of the active site using site-directed mutagenesis, the strategy led to the isolation of 47 mutants of interest for the considered glucosylation reactions (over the 133 generated mono-mutants) and to the identification of 2 key positions (228 and 290). Noteworthy, I228Y mutant displayed an entirely novel regio-specificity towards the -methyl L-rhamnopyranose and in the presence of allyl N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, F290K mutant permitted a 130 fold enhancement of catalityc efficiency compared to wild-type amylosucrase. This strategy was further pursued with the construction of double-mutant libraries enabling the generation of an enlarged diversity, focused on the identified positions, to investigate the synergistic effects between the different mutations in order to improve the glucosylation reactions of the target acceptors. Twenty double-mutants were thus identified
Brison, Yoann. "Contribution à la compréhension du mécanisme de formation de dextranes ou gluco-oligosaccharides ramifiés en alpha-1,2 par l'enzyme GBD-CD2 : études cinétique et structurale." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0035/document.
Full textGBD-CD2 is a recombinant alpha-(1→2) transglucosidase constructed by truncation of the DSR-E dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299. From sucrose, GBD-CD2 catalyses the alpha-(1→2) branching reaction onto acceptor molecules such as dextrans, isomalto-oligosaccharides or gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS; [6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1→]n-alpha-D-Glcp-(1→4)-D-Glcp, 1
Beckmann, Klaus. "Neue Ansätze in der Qualitätssicherung von Honig." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1229009550108-61973.
Full textGrybaitė, Aušra. "DIRVOS BIOAKTYVUMO IR PIKTŽOLIŲ PLITIMO TYRIMAI SKIRTINGO TANKUMO VASARINIŲ RAPSŲ AGROCENOZĖSE." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060609_110947-63859.
Full textBeckmann, Klaus. "Neue Ansätze in der Qualitätssicherung von Honig." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23742.
Full textDaude, David. "Molecular evolutionary perspectives of amylosucrases : from natural substrate promiscuity to tailored catalysis." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0036/document.
Full textInvestigation of substrate promiscuity is of prime interest to understand the way enzymes evolve. Understanding the molecular determinants involved in substrate promiscuity is challenging to determine the evolutionary trajectories that lead to the emergence of catalytic functions and to take further advantage of their evolvability to develop original biocatalysts. The objective of this thesis aimed to investigate the substrate promiscuity of the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea, a transglucosidase of prime biotechnological interest, to identify alternative donor and acceptor molecules and further extend its catalytic properties through enzyme engineering. About thirty molecules were assayed and the strong specificity for the natural donor sucrose was emphasized, as well as the broad acceptor promiscuity. The rational engineering of active site residues responsible for substrate recognition was undertaken through thermodynamic stability predictions. Two residues, namely H187 and H392, were rationally targeted for site-directed mutagenesis. The stability of these variants was investigated as well as their activity toward both natural and promiscuous substrates. Variants with enhanced stability or altered product distribution were identified. These results highlighted that mutations responsible for stability changes may also lead to substrate promiscuity or product specificity changes. To further investigate the promiscuity of amylosucrase, we considered another engineering strategy to mimic in vitro the neutral enzyme evolution. Neutral genetic drift was previously shown to be related to promiscuity changes. On this basis, four repeated round of mutagenesis were performed and 440 clones were selected because they maintained the protein original function (i.e. the activity on sucrose). Variants with enhanced properties towards promiscuous donors and acceptors were characterized and clusters of correlated amino acid substitutions were identified. The impact of neutral mutations on thermodynamic stability was also discussed. Remarkably, a totally new activity towards methyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, an acceptor not recognized by the parental wild-type enzyme, was detected. The variant harboring four amino acid substitutions was characterized and the determination of its three-dimensional structure by X-ray crystallography will be useful to further investigate the structure-sequence-activity relationships of this enzyme
BEZZATE-NAIRI, BEZZATE SAMIRA. "Etude genetique de bacillus polymyxa : caracterisation de deux genes impliques dans le metabolisme des fructanes, analyse preliminaire du role de la levane-saccharase dans le processus de colonisation de la rhizosphere du ble." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112385.
Full textGuerin, Frederic. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle d'amylosaccharases." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0016/document.
Full textAmylosucrases are sucrose-utilizing α-transglucosylases that naturally catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans, exclusively linked through α-1,4 linkages. Side-products and in particular sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose are also produced by these enzymes.The objective of this thesis concerned the application of biophysical and biochemical techniques to study amylosucrases from Deinococcus geothermalis (DgAS) and Neisseria polysaccharea (NpAS) in order to investigate relationships between structure, flexibility and function of these enzymes.In the first study, we report the first structural and biophysical characterization of the most thermostable amylosucrase identified so far, the amylosucrase from Deinoccocus geothermalis. The 3D-structure revealed a homodimeric quaternary organization, never reported before for other amylosucrases. A sequence signature of dimerization was identified from the analysis of the dimer interface and sequence alignments. By rigidifying DgAS structure, the quaternary organization is likely to participate in the enhanced thermal stability of the protein. Amylosucrase specificity with respect to sucrose isomer formation (turanose or trehalulose) was also investigated. We report the first structures of the DgAS and NpAS in complex with turanose. In NpAS, key residues were found to force the fructosyl moiety to bind in an open state with the O3' ideally positioned to explain the preferential formation of turanose by NpAS. Such residues are either not present or not similarly placed in DgAS. As a consequence, DgAS binds the furanose tautomers of fructose through a weak network of interactions to enable turanose formation. Such topology at subsite +1 is likely favoring other possible fructose binding modes in agreement with the higher amount of trehalulose formed by DgAS.In the second study, iterative saturation mutagenesis and combinatorial active site saturation focused on vicinal amino acids were used to alter the acceptor specificity of NpAS and sort out improved variants. From the screening of three semi-rational sub-libraries accounting in total for 20,000 variants, we report here the isolation of three double-mutants displaying a spectacular specificity enhancement towards both sucrose, the donor substrate, and the α-ally-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside acceptor compared to wild-type N. polysaccharea amylosucrase. Such levels of activity improvement have never been reported before for this class of carbohydrate-active enzymes. X-ray structural analysis of the best performing enzymes followed by Molecular Dynamics simulations showed both local rigidity of the -1 subsite and flexibility of loops involved in active site topology which both account for the enhanced catalytic performances of the mutants. The study well illustrates the importance when designing enzyme libraries of taking into account the local conformation of catalytic residues as well as protein dynamics during the catalytic process
Irague, Romain. "Ingénierie des glucane-saccharases de la famille 70 des glycoside-hydrolases pour la synthèse de nouveaux biopolymères." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0043/document.
Full textGlucansucrases are transglucosidases from glycoside hydrolase family 70. From sucrose, these enzymes catalyse the synthesis of alpha -glucans, high molecular weight polymers formed of glucosyl units. Glucansucrases are also able to synthesize oligosaccharides or glucoconjugates by transglucosylation reaction onto various exogenous acceptors. Due to the large specificity, in terms of osidic linkages synthesized [alpha (1→2); alpha (1→3); alpha (1→4) or alpha (1→6)] and their organization within the formed products, these biocatalysts can be used to produce carbohydrates of interest in food, health and environment fields. The aim of this research work was to generate, by enzyme engineering, new glucansucrases able to synthesize alpha -glucans and gluco-oligosaccharides with novel structures and properties, to enlarge applications of these molecules. At fundamental level, the work was to improve the understanding of the relationships between structure and specificity of glucansucrases. To reach our objectives, we used a combinatorial engineering strategy on the dextransucrase DSR-S of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F, which catalyses the synthesis of a dextran formed by 95 % of alpha (1→6) and 5 % alpha (1→3) linkages. The work consisted first in the development of a multi-step high throughput screening methodology to sort out and isolate variants with altered linkage specificities. The strategy includes a first stage of in vivo selection on solid medium followed by an automated 1D 1H NMR-based screening using microplates. To date, this is the first high-throughput screening method for linkage specificity determination of transglucosidases and glycosyltransferases. This strategy was applied to the screening of two DSR-S variants libraries, totalizing more than 36,000 clones obtained by saturation mutagenesis and simultaneous recombination of 8 residues from the catalytic domain. Eighty two mutants able of synthesize 2 to 8 times more alpha (1→3) linkages compared to the parental enzyme were isolated. The characterization of the catalytic properties of 7 representative mutants enabled the identification of a new peptide motif 460DYVHT464, involved in DSR-S specificity. Finally, the characterization of structural, rheological and mechanical properties of dextrans synthetized by these 7 mutants highlighted the differences in size and conformation of these macromolecules in solution and revealed the capacity of the polymer synthesized by H463R/T464V/S512T variant to form biofilms, whose mechanical properties are remarkable in comparison to those of other biopolymers extracted from plants or produced by fermentation
LELOUP, LAURENCE. "Mecanisme de secretion proteique chez bacillus subtilis : 1) approche quantitative du role de seca dans le processus de secretion de l'-amylase et de la levane saccharase, 2) caracterisation de l'etape cinetiquement limitante de la secretion de la levanase." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112404.
Full textRömer, Ulrike. "Charakterisierung und Anwendung der rekombinanten Saccharose- Synthase-1 aus Kartoffel zur Synthese von Saccharose-Analoga." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968537421.
Full textRoques, Nathalie. "Transport du saccharose dans les végétaux." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10170.
Full textSimiand, Cécile. "Modifications régio- et stéréosélectives du saccharose." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10180.
Full textBadel, Agnès. "Oxydation periodique du saccharose et de quelques dérivés." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10078.
Full textPARPOT, PIER. "Oxydation régiosélective du saccharose par voie électrocatalytique." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2301.
Full textPierre, Ronan. "Valorisation chimique du saccharose et autres disaccharides." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10167.
Full textLallemant, Olivier. "Utilisation d'un nouveau type de saccharose comme excipient pour mélanges structures." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15066.
Full textBadel, Agnès. "Oxydation périodique du saccharose et de quelques dérivés." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376114974.
Full textPreziosi, Laurence. "Etude des activités saccharolytiques de zymomonas mobilis." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22053.
Full textPoirier-Brulez, Fabienne. "Etude de la stabilité physique de mélanges biopolymère-sucre amorphes." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS017.
Full textFor twenty years, the loss of glass stability has been attributed to the glass transition which is regarded as the only predictive parameter of stability. Recently, studies suggested that the loss of stability could also occur in the glassy state. These changes are probably dependent on local motions. The main purpose of this study is to better understand the physical basis of the stability of glassy materials for a better control of quality. This study is focused on local molecular mobility of glasses. All the studies were carried out on gelatinized waxy maize starch at different sucrose content (0 to 20 % solids) equilibrated between 0 to 13. 5% water (wet basis). The structural evolution of the materials during storage was followed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Then, secondary relaxations were studied by dynamic mechanical (DMTA) or dielectric spectroscopy, to investigate the influence of the glass composition on local motions. Finally, a study of protons mobility (NMR) was performed. Sucrose could reduce starch motions probably by glass structure changes ; however, water increases molecular motions of glassy starch by plasticization
Jhurry, Dhanjay. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à base de saccharose." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10528.
Full textSudhakaranpillai, Seena. "Approaches to IR-responsive saccharide sensors." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527632.
Full textPéron, Thomas. "Caractérisation moléculaire et régulation de la force de puits de la plante parasite Phelipanche ramosa (L. ) Pomel vis à vis du saccharose prélevé chez son hôte." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=cda3646c-71df-4638-b24a-029650e571a2.
Full textAs a consequence of its incapacity to carry out photosynthesis, Phelipanche ramosa turns out to be fully dependent on the photosynthates from the host plant and due to its obligatory parasitic lifestyle this plant is responsible for considerable devastations. The development of broomrape relies on its capacity to establish connection with the phloem of the host and to become a competitive sink organ. In this context, the use of a phloem tracer demonstrated the existence of a symplasmic continuum at the host-parasite interface and, that the phloem unloading in various sinks tissues of P. Ramosa is mainly an apoplamic type. The main actors involve in transport (SUT = sucrose transporter) and sucrose metabolism (invertases and sucrose synthases) were identified. Using molecular approaches, immunolocalization, and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated the implication of some of these actors in major processes, such as the long-distance transport of sucrose and its unloading in sink organs (PrSUT1 and PrSUT3), hexose accumulation via a vacuolar acid invertase (PrSAI1), the tracheid differentiation and the starch synthesis via sucrose synthases (PrSUS1 and PrSUS2, respectively). Other markers, such as the isopenthenyl transferase PrIPT and the cytokinin oxidase PrCKX, would play a role in the hormonal balance of broomrape and would contribute to control its sink strength. All of these genes/proteins which are essential to the development of P. Ramosa are then putative good targets in biotechnological strategies to control broomrapes
Meyer, Jenny. "Sucrochimie et catalyse homogène : synthèse d'alkylsaccharides par réaction de télomérisation entre le butadiène et le saccharose : synthèse d'hydroxyalkylsaccharides via l'ouverture d'époxydes par le saccharose." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-346.pdf.
Full textKnop, Christian. "Zur Bedeutung von Saccharose-Transportern in Pflanzen mit offener Phloemanatomie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2001/knop/knop.pdf.
Full textBourré, Martin. "Cristallisation du saccharose dans la production de sucre dur d'érable." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25282.pdf.
Full textVERONESE, THIERRY. "Etude de la production d'un isomere du saccharose : le trehalulose." Toulouse, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAT0001.
Full textNugier-Chauvin, Caroline. "Modifications regioselectives du saccharose par voie chimique et/ou enzymatique." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10071.
Full textMaazouzi, Nadia. "Étude du métabolisme du saccharose et production de polyosides chez streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10206.
Full textHartley, James Holroyd. "Saccharide accelerated hydrolysis of boronic acid imines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369335.
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