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Ray, Alpana, and Bimal K. Ray. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of cDNA of Serum Amyloid A-Activating Factor That Binds to the Serum Amyloid A Promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 7327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.12.7327.
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ABSTRACT Serum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma protein inducible in response to many inflammatory conditions, is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including reactive amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. We have previously reported an element of the SAA promoter, designated SAA-activating sequence (SAS), that is involved in the inflammation-induced SAA expression, and a nuclear factor, SAS-binding factor (SAF), that interacts with the SAS element has been identified previously (A. Ray and B. K. Ray, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1584–1594, 1996). To evaluate how SAF is involved in SAA promoter activation, we have investigated structural features and functional characteristics of this transcription factor. Our studies indicate that SAF belongs to a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of multiple zinc finger motifs of the Cys2-His2 type at the carboxyl end. Of the three cloned SAF cDNAs (SAF-1, SAF-5, and SAF-8), SAF-1 isoform showed a high degree of homology to MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 protein while SAF-5 and SAF-8 isoforms are unique and are related to SAF-1/MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 at the zinc finger domains but different elsewhere. Although structurally distinct, all members are capable of activating SAS element-mediated expression and display virtually identical sequence specificities. However, varying levels of expression of members of this gene family were observed in different tissues. Functional activity of SAF is regulated by a posttranslational event as SAF DNA-binding and transactivation abilities are increased by a protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, and inhibited by a protein kinase inhibitor, H7. Consistent with this observation, increased DNA binding of the cloned SAF and its hyperphosphorylation, in response to okadaic acid treatment of the transfected cells, were observed. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to tissue-specific expression, SAFs, a family of zinc finger transcription factors, undergo a modification by a posttranslational event that confers their SAA promoter-binding activity and transactivation potential.
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Lewis, David S. "Ethics in SAF: A Preamble." Journal of Forestry 117, no. 1 (November 23, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvy063.
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Ray, Bimal K., Ryan Murphy, Papiya Ray, and Alpana Ray. "SAF-2, a Splice Variant of SAF-1, Acts as a Negative Regulator of Transcription." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 48 (September 20, 2002): 46822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m206299200.
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Coelho, Renato Alves, Sylvana Naomi Matsumoto, Carmem Lacerda Lemos, and Francisco Adriano de Souza. "Nível de sombreamento, umidade do solo e morfologia do cafeeiro em sistemas agroflorestais." Revista Ceres 57, no. 1 (February 2010): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2010000100016.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar características morfológicas dos cafeeiros e a conservação de umidade do solo em diferentes sistemas agroflorestais, foi realizado este experimento. O ensaio foi conduzido no município de Barra do Choça-BA, em uma propriedade particular, sendo observadas três áreas de produção distintas: (1) cafeeiro cultivado a pleno sol (MONO), (2) cafeeiro conduzido em associação com o vinhático (SAF-CV) e (3) cafeeiro associado ao abacateiro e ingazeiro (SAF-CAI). Em março/2007, época úmida, e em agosto/2007, época com menor precipitação, foram realizadas avaliações relacionadas à incidência de luz (determinação do nível de sombreamento dos sistemas com base no percentual de radiação fotossintética incidente em relação à radiação fotossintética global), à umidade do solo (US) e à morfologia do cafeeiro (área foliar individual (AFI), altura e diâmetro do caule e da copa). Foi verificado intenso sombreamento para os SAFs (março, 93,3% em SAF-CV e 82,3% em SAF-CAI; e agosto, 37,5% em SAF-CV e 89,5% em SAF-CAI). Na época de menor precipitação, maior US foi observada para MONO (17,3%), seguido por SAFCV (15,1%) e SAF-CAI (9,5%). Os sistemas de cultivo definiram os parâmetros morfológicos avaliados do cafeeiro, sendo observada maior AFI para os SAFs nas duas avaliações realizadas.
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Devide, Antonio Carlos Pries, Cristina Maria de Castro, and Raul De Lucena Duarte Ribeiro. "Crescimento do guanandi e produção de mandioca e araruta em sistemas agroflorestais." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 14, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v14i2.6306.
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No Vale do Paraíba do Sul, entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, a substituição da Mata Atlântica para o cultivo do café degradou os solos e os cursos d’água. O cultivo de espécies florestais pode ajudar a restaurar esse ambiente. O guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) é uma espécie florestal nativa com grande potencial de exploração econômica da madeira. O seu cultivo em sistema agroflorestal – SAF pode tornar-se mais vantajoso devido o seu moderado crescimento. Os objetivos com essa pesquisa foram comparar o crescimento do guanandi em monocultura e na diversificação agroflorestal em SAFs simples e biodiverso, assim como avaliar o desempenho da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) e araruta (Maranta arundinacea L.) nesses sistemas, em ciclos com alta precipitação pluvial e escassez hídrica. O SAF biodiverso foi acrescido de feijão guandu, bananeira, palmeira juçara e diversidade arbórea. Os sistemas agroflorestais não prejudicaram o crescimento do guanandi, que incrementou a circunferência a altura do peito no SAF simples após três anos de conversão. As culturas alimentares de mandioca e araruta apresentaram desempenho compatível com a densidade de plantio utilizada nos SAFs, com produções significativamente superiores no SAF simples. A araruta suportou o estresse ambiental em ambos SAFs e dispensa o replantio, ocupando naturalmente o sub-bosque. O SAF simples é um sistema para agricultores interessados em obter o máximo rendimento de cultivos anuais em associação com a espécie florestal. O SAF biodiverso é adequado para diversificar a produção agrícola e restaurar o ambiente concomitantemente.
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Petrucci, O., and G. Gullà. "A Support Analysis Framework for mass movement damage assessment: applications to case studies in Calabria (Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 2 (March 11, 2009): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-315-2009.
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Abstract. The analysis of data describing damage caused by mass movements in Calabria (Italy) allowed the organisation of the Support Analysis Framework (SAF), a spreadsheet that converts damage descriptions into numerical indices expressing direct, indirect, and intangible damage. The SAF assesses damage indices of past mass movements and the potential outcomes of dormant phenomena re-activations. It is based on the effects on damaged elements and is independent of both physical and geometric phenomenon characteristics. SAF sections that assess direct damage encompass several lines, each describing an element characterised by a value fixed on a relative arbitrary scale. The levels of loss are classified as: L4: complete; L3: high; L2: medium; or L1: low. For a generic line l, the SAF multiplies the value of a damaged element by its level of loss, obtaining dl, the contribution of the line to the damage. Indirect damage is appraised by two sections accounting for: (a) actions aiming to overcome emergency situations and (b) actions aiming to restore pre-movement conditions. The level of loss depends on the number of people involved (a) or the cost of actions (b). For intangible damage, the level of loss depends on the number of people involved. We examined three phenomena, assessing damage using the SAF and SAFL, customised versions of SAF based on the elements actually present in the analysed municipalities that consider the values of elements in the community framework. We show that in less populated, inland, and affluent municipalities, the impact of mass movements is greater than in coastal areas. The SAF can be useful to sort groups of phenomena according to their probable future damage, supplying results significant either for insurance companies or for local authorities involved in both disaster management and planning of defensive measures.
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Funke, Andreas, Adriana Danowski, Danieli Castro Oliveira de Andrade, Jozelia Rêgo, and Roger Abramino Levy. "A importância de reconhecer a síndrome antifosfolípide na medicina vascular." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 16, no. 2 (June 2017): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.011416.
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Resumo A síndrome antifosfolipíde (SAF) é uma doença autoimune sistêmica caracterizada por trombose arterial ou venosa recorrente e/ou morbidade gestacional e pela presença dos anticorpos antifosfolipídeos, podendo apresentar outras manifestações vasculares, como microangiopatia, arteriopatia crônica e SAF catastrófica. Determinados testes laboratoriais para a síndrome (por exemplo, o anticoagulante lúpico) podem sofrer interferência do uso de medicações anticoagulantes, dificultando o diagnóstico. A fisiopatologia da SAF é complexa, sendo enumerados no texto diversos mecanismos patogênicos relacionados à coagulação, ao endotélio e às plaquetas. Por fim, discutimos o tratamento da SAF de acordo com a presença e o tipo de manifestações clínicas, o uso dos anticoagulantes orais diretos e o manejo perioperatório de pacientes com SAF.
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TIMOTEO, Karen, John REMUZGO, Luis VALDIVIA, Francisco SALES-DÁVILA, Diego GARCÍA-SORIA, and Carlos ABANTO-RODRIGUEZ. "ESTIMACIÓN DEL CARBONO ALMACENADO EN TRES SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES DURANTE EL PRIMER AÑO DE INSTALACIÓN EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE HUÁNUCO." Folia Amazónica 25, no. 1 (September 9, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24841/fa.v25i1.382.
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Los sistemas agroforestales (SAF) combinan de manera simultánea o secuencial los árboles maderables y las plantas de cultivos alimenticios, ofreciendo soluciones para los problemas productivos y el uso sostenible de la tierra en las zonas rurales. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la cantidad de carbono en el suelo y la biomasa aérea de tres sistemas agroforestales durante el primer año de instalación. En los SAF se usaron combinaciones de una especie forestal maderable (Guazuma crinita) con tres especies de uso comestible o forrajero: Inga edulis, Theobroma cacao y Cajanus cajan (SAF ), Schizolobium amazonicum, 1 Theobroma cacao y Cajanus cajan (SAF2 ), y Leucaena leucocephala, Theobroma cacao y Cajanus cajan (SAF ). En cada SAF de 55 m x 85 m, se establecieron cuatro transectos de 4 m x 25 m para determinar la 3 biomasa aérea arbórea, cuatro subparcelas de 1 m x 1 m para determinar la biomasa arbustiva y herbácea, y cuatro subparcelas de 50 cm x 50 cm para evaluar la necromasa (hojarasca), y cuatro calicatas donde tomamos muestras del suelo a 0-10 y 10-20 cm de profundidad para determinar el contenido de carbono en el suelo. Los resultados muestran una acumulación de carbono durante el primer año en la biomasa y necromasa aérea de -1 -1 -1 -1 9.44 t.C ha en SAF , 11.40 t.C ha en SAF y 11.37 t.C ha en SAF ; y en el suelo de 23.98 t.C ha en SAF , 1 2 3 1 -1 -1 25,39 t.C ha en SAF y 25,83 t.C ha en SAF . El carbono orgánico en el suelo representa casi el 60% del 2 3 carbono total almacenado en estos sistemas agroforestales y es notable resaltar que incrementa durante el primer año de la plantación. Estos resultados son la línea base de nuevos estudios de captura de carbono en sistemas agroforestales.
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Langlais, Blake T., Heidi E. Kosiorek, Gina L. Mazza, Carolyn Mead-Harvey, Richard Butterfield, Jeanne M. Palmer, Ruben Mesa, and Amylou C. Dueck. "Validation of a Modified Version of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN-SAF TSS)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142838.
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Background Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are faced with severe disease-related fatigue among a range of other constitutional and spleen-related symptoms. The MPN-Symptom Assessment Form (SAF) is recommended for use to characterize symptom burden (Scherber R, et al. Blood 2011). Within the SAF, a profile of 18 symptom items are evaluated ranging in severity from 0 (absent) to 10 (worst imaginable). The SAF is often summarized to the MPN-SAF Total Symptom Score (TSS) for analysis purposes - a single computed sum of the 10 most clinically meaningful symptom scores, including fatigue (Emanuel R, et al. J Clin Oncol 2012). Though the SAF includes a fatigue item, initial deployments of the MPN-SAF TSS incorporated a 0-10 scaled fatigue item taken from the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI; Mendoza T, et al. Cancer 1999). A subsequent version of the MPN-SAF TSS for use within myelofibrosis clinical trials (called the MFSAF v4; Gwaltney C, et al. Leuk Res 2017) employed a harmonized fatigue item. This analysis employing data from two studies was carried out to assess the use of the SAF fatigue item within the MPN-SAF TSS for consistency with the MFSAF v4. Methods Both BFI and SAF fatigue items were included in an initial online survey evaluating disease burden among patients with MPNs. Participants were assigned to survey variants as a function of their age. Survey variants included those to receive 1 instance of either the BFI or SAF fatigue item, instances of both BFI and SAF, or 2 instances of the same fatigue item. Surveying was aimed to assess the worst symptom experience in the patient's last 24 hours. Additionally, an independent survey assessing the impact of COVID-19 among MPN patients was deployed using the SAF fatigue item for the MPN-SAF TSS. This modified version was then used to test internal validity. Pearson correlation (r) and t-tests were used to assess association, Bland-Altman methods were used to evaluate systematic agreement between BFI and SAF fatigue scores, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. Results There were 229 participants assigned both BFI and SAF fatigue items within the same survey. Among them, 51% (n=117) received the BFI item first and 49% (n=112) the SAF item first. No difference was seen between first and second fatigue scores (mean difference [first-second] = 0.00; 95%CI -0.18, 0.17). BFI and SAF fatigue scores were highly correlated (r=0.88, p<0.001) and showed 88.7% agreement in categorizing severe versus non-severe fatigue (score ≥ 7 versus < 7). Overall concordance in severity category was 73.4% (category [score range]: absent [0]; mild [1-3]; moderate [4-6]; severe [7-10]). Constructing the MPN-SAF TSS using the BFI and SAF fatigue components separately, the original and modified MPN-SAF TSS were nearly identical (r=0.997, p<0.001), and had equivalent internal consistency (both Cronbach's alpha=0.88). The Bland-Altman plot further indicates the 2 fatigue measures have high agreement with no evidence of directional bias and negligible overall bias (Figure 1: regression slope = -0.04, p=0.25; mean difference=0.22; 95%CI 0.05, 0.39). Within the COVID-19 survey (n=1217), the modified version of the MPN-SAF TSS was consistent with known correlates among disease characteristics (Emanuel R, et al. J Clin Oncol 2012). For example, more severe MPN-SAF TSS scores were highly correlated with low quality-of-life (n=1156, r = -0.50, p<0.001), and associated with those reporting spleen enlargement (n=301) versus not (n=617) (p<0.001; mean difference=7.7; 95%CI 5.4, 10.1). Conclusion The BFI and SAF fatigue items are highly consistent in raw score, severity category, and in contribution to the MPN-SAF TSS. There was no order effect seen in which fatigue item was asked first. The independent COVID-19 survey using the modified MPN-SAF TSS was validated and shows high internal consistent. In the ongoing development to capture the symptom experience, this analysis shows disease-related fatigue is equivalently measured using the SAF fatigue survey item in harmonization with the MFSAF v4. Disclosures Mesa: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; CTI BioPharma: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Samus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; LaJolla Pharmaceutical Company: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Sierra Oncology: Consultancy.
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Ray, A., and B. K. Ray. "A novel cis-acting element is essential for cytokine-mediated transcriptional induction of the serum amyloid A gene in nonhepatic cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 4 (April 1996): 1584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.4.1584.
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Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a plasma protein which has been associated with several diseases, including amyloidosis, arthritis, and atherosclerosis, and its abnormal expression, particularly in nonhepatic cells, is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Transfection and DNA-binding studies were performed to investigate the mechanism controlling cytokine-induced, nonhepatic expression of the SAA gene. We have identified a novel promoter, located between positions -280 and 224, that confers interleukin-6 (IL-6) inducibility to an SAA-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in both nonhepatic and hepatic cells. DNase I protection assays revealed, within this region, three homologous highly pyrimidine rich octanucleotide sequence motifs, termed SAA-activating sequences (SAS). Specific mutations within these three SAS motifs severely reduced IL-6-mediated induction of the reporter gene in transfected nonhepatic cells but not in liver cells. A nuclear factor activated by IL-6 in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells efficiently interacts with the SAS. The induction kinetics and cycloheximide sensitivity of this SAS-binding factor (SAF) suggested that de novo synthesis of this factor itself or an activator protein is essential. Loss of DNA-binding ability as a result of in vitro dephosphorylation, induction of SAA-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene activity in the presence of genistein, a protein kinase inhibitor, further indicate that a phosphorylation step is necessary for the activation of SAF. Our results suggest that SAF is a key regulator of cytokine-mediated SAA gene expression in some nonhepatic cells.
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Isami, Fumiyuki, Brett J. West, Sanae Nakajima, and Sho-ichi Yamagishi. "Association of advanced glycation end products, evaluated by skin autofluorescence, with lifestyle habits in a general Japanese population." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517736914.
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Objective Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurs during normal aging but markedly accelerates in people with diabetes. AGEs may play a role in various age-related disorders. Several studies have demonstrated that skin autofluorescence (SAF) reflects accumulated tissue levels of AGEs. However, very few studies have investigated SAF in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to more thoroughly evaluate the potential association among SAF, chronological age, and lifestyle habits in the general population. Methods A large cross-sectional survey of 10,946 Japanese volunteers aged 20 to 79 years was conducted. Volunteers completed a self-administered questionnaire and underwent SAF measurement on their dominant forearms. The associations of SAF with age and lifestyle habits were analyzed using a multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Age was independently correlated with SAF. Lifestyle habits such as physical activity, nonsmoking, adequate sleep, low mental stress level, eating breakfast, and abstaining from sugary food were each independently associated with lower SAF. Conclusions SAF was associated with age and healthy lifestyle habits in this general Japanese population. The present study suggests that SAF measurement is a convenient tool for evaluating habitual lifestyle behaviors and may have potential for preventative health education.
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Douglas, Pauline, Ruiqiong Ye, Nicholas Morrice, Sébastien Britton, Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy, and Susan P. Lees-Miller. "Phosphorylation of SAF-A/hnRNP-U Serine 59 by Polo-Like Kinase 1 Is Required for Mitosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 35, no. 15 (May 18, 2015): 2699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01312-14.
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Scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), also called heterogenous nuclear ribonuclear protein U (hnRNP-U), is phosphorylated on serine 59 by the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in response to DNA damage. Since SAF-A, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), which interacts with DNA-PKcs, have all been shown to have roles in mitosis, we asked whether DNA-PKcs phosphorylates SAF-A in mitosis. We show that SAF-A is phosphorylated on serine 59 in mitosis, that phosphorylation requires polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) rather than DNA-PKcs, that SAF-A interacts with PLK1 in nocodazole-treated cells, and that serine 59 is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in mitosis. Moreover, cells expressing SAF-A in which serine 59 is mutated to alanine have multiple characteristics of aberrant mitoses, including misaligned chromosomes, lagging chromosomes, polylobed nuclei, and delayed passage through mitosis. Our findings identify serine 59 of SAF-A as a new target of both PLK1 and PP2A in mitosis and reveal that both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of SAF-A serine 59 by PLK1 and PP2A, respectively, are required for accurate and timely exit from mitosis.
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GRAYSTON, NEIL. "THE REFORM AND EVOLUTION OF THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES – A VIEW FROM ABROAD." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, Volume 2019 Issue 21/3 (September 3, 2019): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.9.
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Abstract The Republic of Slovenia has been a member of NATO for 15 years. In preparing for NATO membership the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) were required to prepare for radical change, from a territorial defence force to one that could contribute to NATO missions. The need for change became even more significant after the government decision in 2002 to end conscription and move to a fully professional SAF. A revised force structure for the SAF was agreed in 2003, prior to Slovenia joining NATO in 2004. Progress in developing the SAF in the first five years of NATO membership, while encountering a number of challenges, showed a positive trend, with a commensurate increase in defence expenditure. In the following five years the economic crisis which affected most NATO countries had a particularly damaging effect on the continued development of the SAF, with very severe reductions in defence expenditure. Today, after 15 years of NATO membership, the SAF has still not recovered from the cuts made in defence spending. Spending remains close to 1.0% of GDP and is inadequate to support the force plans of the SAF. The SAF is unable to make an effective contribution to NATO and a decision needs to be made on the future size and shape of the SAF which matches plans for future defence expenditure. Key words NATO, Slovenia, Professionalization, Defence Planning, Defence Expenditure, Missions, Force Structure, Democratic Control.
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Boutris, Nickolas, Stephanie L. Gardner, Thomas R. Yetter, Domenica A. Delgado, Luis Pulido, and Joshua D. Harris. "MRI prevalence and characteristics of supraacetabular fossae in patients with hip pain." HIP International 28, no. 5 (May 13, 2018): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700017752566.
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Background: Supraacetabular fossae (SAF) are normal anatomic variants found at the 12 o’clock position of the acetabulum and can be mistaken for osteochondral defects. Purpose: Determine SAF prevalence on MRI of patients with hip pain. Characterise SAF by type, size, and location. Determine sensitivity of radiology reports and sensitivity of radiographs in SAF detection. Methods: MRIs performed over 1 year in patients with hip/groin pain were analysed for SAF. Measurements of SAF in the coronal and sagittal planes and location using clockface notation were recorded. Radiology reports were reviewed to determine if SAF were identified and radiographs were assessed for presence of SAF. Mean characteristics of type 1 and 2 SAF were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: 214 hips (mean age 35.9 ± 14.2 years; 66.8% female) were analysed. Twenty-seven hips (12.6%) had SAF. There were five type 1 SAF (mean age 16.8 ± 2.2 years) and 23 type 2 SAF (mean age 33.0 ± 16.3 years). Mean dimensions of type 1 and 2 SAF (coronal width × sagittal width × depth, in millimetres) were 7.1 × 6.5 × 3.4 and 6.1 × 5.9 × 2.8, respectively. Mean clockwise location in the coronal and sagittal planes (in minutes) was 1236 and 1212 for type 1 SAF and 1213 and 1207 for type 2 SAF. Radiology reports identified 7.1% of SAF identified on MRI. Plain radiographs demonstrated 67.9% of SAF identified on MRI. Conclusion: This study found a 12.6% prevalence of SAF in hips. Radiology reports had a 7.1% sensitivity in correctly identifying SAF on MRI. IRB: Pro00016584
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C. E. Rice and F. W. Blaisdell. "Energy Dissipation Pool for a SAF Stilling Basin." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 3, no. 1 (1987): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26644.
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Garcia, Leila Tatiana, Landi Arami Rosato Paulus, Shaline Séfara Lopes Fernandes, Marcelo Francia Arco-Verde, Milton Parron Padovan, and Zefa Valdivina Pereira. "Viabilidade financeira de sistemas agroflorestais biodiversos no Centro Oeste Brasileiro." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): e47210413682. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13682.
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Os sistemas agroflorestais biodiversos (SAF’s) combinam espécies arbóreas frutíferas ou lenhosas, com culturas agrícolas e/ou criação de animais, em uma mesma área. Para o agricultor que o detém, esses sistemas trazem melhoria da qualidade de vida econômica, social e ambiental, pois proporcionam formas sustentáveis de produção de alimentos, segurança alimentar, além da preservação ambiental. O estudo apresenta a análise de viabilidade financeira de dois modelos de sistemas agroflorestais implantados no município de Dourados, MS. A pesquisa objetivou fornecer subsídios aos agricultores familiares para a implementação de SAF’s. As culturas de interesse econômico selecionadas para composição dos SAF’s implantados foram: SAF1- café, abacaxi, milho, feijão; SAF2 – palmito de pupunha, banana, abacaxi, milho, feijão, além de nove espécies arbóreas para ambos os SAF’s: acerola, graviola, goiaba, pitanga, aroeira, guaritá, ipê, canafístula e peito de pombo, cada SAF’s contou com um hectare. Para planejamento e elaboração dos sistemas, foi utilizada a planilha AmazonSAF, onde foram inseridos dados de receitas e despesas, que refletem a realidade da agricultura familiar, verificando a rentabilidade ao longo de 20 anos. Ambos os SAF’s apresentaram condições de viabilidade financeira, pois o Valor Presente Líquido do SAF 1 foi de R$ 11.018,24 e do SAF 2 foi de R$ 40.377,04. Este último se apresentou ligeiramente como o mais rentável, já que sua relação Benefício/Custo foi de 1,2 e o payback 9 anos, diferente do SAF 1, cuja RB/C foi de 1,1 e payback de 10 anos. A viabilidade financeira, tanto do SAF 1, com café como cultura principal, quanto do SAF 2, com palmito de pupunha e banana, foi confirmada, de forma a garantir ao produtor rural que, se bem planejados e acompanhados, estes sistemas demonstraram boas condições para produção de alimentos e geração de renda. Além disso, se tornam soluções possíveis para uma agricultura sustentável, valorizando e utilizando sabiamente os recursos naturais.
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Ray, Alpana, Guang-Yao Yu, and Bimal K. Ray. "Cytokine-Responsive Induction of SAF-1 Activity Is Mediated by a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.4.1027-1035.2002.
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ABSTRACT SAF-1, a zinc finger transcription factor, is activated by a number of inflammatory agents, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. It is involved in the cytokine-mediated transcriptional induction of serum amyloid A, an acute-phase plasma protein that is associated with the pathogenesis of reactive amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway regulates cytokine-mediated induction of the DNA-binding activity and transactivation potential of SAF-1. Phosphorylation of endogenous SAF-1 in response to IL-1 and IL-6 was markedly inhibited by the addition of MAP kinase inhibitors. Consistent with this finding, we show that a consensus MAP kinase phosphorylation site, PPTP, within SAF-1 could be phosphorylated by MAP kinase in vitro. To analyze the contribution of MAP kinase in the activation of SAF-1, we prepared two independent mutant proteins in which the threonine residue of the PPTP motif was altered to either valine or alanine. These mutant proteins lost the ability to be phosphorylated by MAP kinase both in vivo and in vitro and exhibited a significantly reduced ability to promote expression of the SAF-1-regulated promoter. While the DNA-binding activity of wild-type SAF-1 protein was markedly increased upon phosphorylation with MAP kinase, no such increase could be detected with the mutant SAF-1 proteins. Further analysis with the GAL-4 reporter system showed that mutation of the MAP kinase phosphorylation site considerably lowers the transactivation potential of SAF-1. Together, these results show that activation of SAF-1 in response to IL-1 and -6 is mediated via MAP kinase-regulated phosphorylation.
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Kaur, Kiranjeet, and Vijay Prabha. "Sperm Impairment by Sperm Agglutinating Factor Isolated fromEscherichia coli: Receptor Specific Interactions." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/548497.
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In an earlier work done in our laboratory, we have been able to isolate a sperm agglutinating strain ofEscherichia colifrom the semen sample of a male attending infertility clinic. Further, factor responsible for sperm agglutination (SAF) was isolated and purified, and, using SAF as a tool, corresponding SAF binding receptor from human spermatozoa has been purified. Characterization of SAF and SAF binding receptor using MALDI-TOF showed homology to glutamate decarboxylase and MHC class I molecule, respectively. Coincubation of SAF with spermatozoa not only resulted in spermagglutination but could also compromise other sperm parameters, namely, Mg2+dependent ATPase activity and apoptosis. Intravaginal administration of SAF could lead to infertility in Balb/c mice. SAF induced impairment of sperm parameters, and infertility was observed to be due to interaction of SAF with sperm surface receptor component as, when purified receptor was introduced, receptor completely inhibited all the detrimental effects induced by SAF. From these results, it could be concluded that interaction of SAF with spermatozoa is receptor mediated.
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Liu, Chenwei, Shuwen Xiang, and Yanlong Yang. "A Biform Game Model with the Shapley Allocation Functions." Mathematics 9, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9161872.
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We define the mixed strategy form of the characteristic function of the biform games and build the Shapley allocation function (SAF) on each mixed strategy profile in the second stage of the biform games. SAF provides a more detailed and accurate picture of the fairness of the strategic contribution and reflects the degree of the players’ further choices of strategies. SAF can guarantee the existence of Nash equilibrium in the first stage of the non-cooperative games. The existence and uniqueness of SAF on each mixed strategy profile overcome the defect that the core may be an empty set and provide a fair allocation method when the core element is not unique. Moreover, SAF can be used as an important reference or substitute for the core with the confidence index.
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Ray, Alpana, Srijita Dhar, Arvind Shakya, Papiya Ray, Yasunori Okada, and Bimal K. Ray. "SAF-3, a novel splice variant of the SAF-1/MAZ/Pur-1 family, is expressed during inflammation." FEBS Journal 276, no. 15 (August 2009): 4276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07136.x.
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Suyama, Satoshi, Shigeho Kakehi, Takashi Yanagimoto, and Seinen Chow. "Infection of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856) (Teleostei: Beloniformes: Scomberesocidae) by Pennella sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae) south of the Subarctic Front." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 4 (May 24, 2020): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa022.
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Abstract The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is a fish of commercial importance subject to unpredictable epidemics of infection by Pennella sp., a parasitic copepod. We analyzed the distribution of fish presenting with newly attached Pennella to determine the region and season in which Pennella first infect the fish. Pacific sauries migrate northward in the spring to spend the summer in the subarctic region, successively crossing the Subarctic Boundary (SAB) and the Subarctic Front (SAF). The fish then return to subtropical waters in the fall and overwinter there. Pacific sauries infected with Pennella were observed on both the north and south sides of the SAF from May to December. Newly attached Pennella, however, were observed mainly to the south of the SAF during the northward migration of the fish in May and June, and only to the south of the SAB during the southward migration in November and December. These results indicate that the intermediate host or hosts of Pennella inhabit the region south of the SAF, with infection of Pacific saury occurring during late fall and spring. Such information may assist in identifying the intermediate host(s).
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Mitrega, Katarzyna, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Beata Sredniawa, Adam Sokal, Witold Streb, Karol Przyludzki, Tomasz Zdrojewski, et al. "Predicting Silent Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly: A Report from the NOMED-AF Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112321.
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Background: Silent atrial fibrillation (SAF) is common and is associated with poor outcomes. Aims: to study the risk factors for AF and SAF in the elderly (≥65 years) general population and to develop a risk stratification model for predicting SAF. Methods: Continuous ECG monitoring was performed for up to 30 days using a vest-based system in a cohort from NOMED-AF, a cross-sectional study based on a nationwide population sample. The independent risk factors for AF and SAF were determined using multiple logistic regression. ROC analysis was applied to validate the developed risk stratification score. Results: From the total cohort of 3014 subjects, AF was diagnosed in 680 individuals (mean age, 77.5 ± 7.9; 50.1% men) with AF, and, of these, 41% had SAF. Independent associations with an increased risk of AF were age, male gender, coronary heart disease, thyroid diseases, prior ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (ICS/TIA), diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, and NT-proBNP >125 ng/mL. The risk factors for SAF were age, male gender, ICS/TIA, diabetes, heart failure, CKD, and NT-proBNP >125 ng/mL. We developed a clinical risk scale (MR-DASH score) that achieved a good level of prediction in the derivation cohort (AUC 0.726) and the validation cohort (AUC 0.730). Conclusions: SAF is associated with various clinical risk factors in a population sample of individuals ≥65 years. Stratifying individuals from the general population according to their risk for SAF may be possible using the MR-DASH score, facilitating targeted screening programs of individuals with a high risk of SAF.
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Letcher, Theodore W., and Justin R. Minder. "Characterization of the Simulated Regional Snow Albedo Feedback Using a Regional Climate Model over Complex Terrain." Journal of Climate 28, no. 19 (September 29, 2015): 7576–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0166.1.
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Abstract Midlatitude mountain regions are particularly sensitive to climate change because of an active snow albedo feedback (SAF). Here, the SAF is characterized and quantified over the complex terrain of the Colorado Headwaters region using high-resolution regional climate model simulations. A pair of 7-yr control and pseudo-global warming simulations is used to study the regional climate response to a large-scale thermodynamic climate perturbation. Warming is strongly enhanced in regions of snow loss by as much as 5°C. Linear feedback analysis is used to quantify the strength of the SAF within the Headwaters region. The strength of the SAF reaches a maximum value of 4 W m−2 K−1 during April when snow loss coincides with strong incoming solar radiation. Simulations using 4- and 12-km horizontal grid spacing show good agreement in the strength and timing of the SAF, whereas a 36-km simulation shows discrepancies that are tied to differences in snow accumulation and ablation caused by smoother terrain. Energy budget analysis shows that transport by atmospheric circulations acts as a negative feedback to regional warming, damping the effects of the SAF. On the mesoscale, the SAF nonlocally enhances warming in locations with no snow, and enhances snowmelt in locations that do not experience snow cover change. The methods presented here can be used generally to quantify the role of the SAF in simulated regional climate change, illuminating the causes of differences in climate warming between models and regions.
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Yang, Jin-Ji, Jianying Zhou, Nong Yang, Zhuli Wu, Juan Sun, Ai-Min Hui, and Yi-Long Wu. "SAF-189s in previously treated patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results from the dose-finding portion in a single-arm, first-in-human phase I/II study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e21689-e21689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e21689.
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e21689 Background: Patients(pts) with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are sensitive but progress in 8–11 months with treatment of ALK inhibitor crizotinib, with leading progression in brain metastasis. SAF-189s is a novel and selective ALK inhibitor, can penetrate through blood brain barrier, and overcome multiple resistance mutation. This study aimed to explore the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties of SAF-189s in patients with advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Methods: In this multicenter I/II study, SAF-189s was orally administered under fasting condition at doses ranging from 20–210 mg once daily in a 21-day cycle to 36 pts with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC who had failed to prior systemic therapy. In this analysis report, anti-tumor activity of SAF-189s was evaluated in 34 pts received 40(n = 6), 80(n = 8), 120(n = 8), 160(n = 9) and 210(n = 3) mg doses daily. Safety was evaluated in all 36 pts who received ≥1 treatment. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04237805. Results: 36 pts were enrolled in total, 22 pts had CNS metastases at baseline and 26 pts had progressed to prior TKIs therapy. There was no treatment-related SAE among the 36 pts. The most common drug-related events were nausea (14 [38.9%] of 36 pts), vomiting (10[27.8%] of 36 pts), QT prolongation (9 [25.0%] of 36 pts), sinus bradycardia (7 [19.4%] of 36 pts), ALT increase (10 [27.8%] of 36 pts), diarrhea (6 [16.7%] of 36 pts). Only one DLT of grade 3 blood glucose increase occurred at 210 mg out of the first 3 pts, so another 3 pts will be enrolled to determine RP2D/MTD. SAF-189s had shown response in the starting dose of 20mg, with 1of 2 pts achieving partial response (PR) over 43 cycles until clinical data cut off. All 34 pts in efficacy analysis set had achieved tumor shrinkage, with 17 confirmed PR (50%) (95% CI, 32.4–67.6%) and 4 unconfirmed PR (11.7%). 11 (45.8%) pts had confirmed PR among 24 pts who had failed to Crizotinib or Ceritinib and 10 (47.6%) pts had confirmed PR among 21pts who had CNS metastases. PFS data is pre-mature, with only median PFS of the 80 mg cohort being inferred as 19.42 months. Conclusions: In the dose-escalation portion of this study, SAF-189s was safe, very tolerable, and demonstrated both systemic and intracranial activity in pts with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC who had failed to at least 1 prior systemic therapy. Therefore, this study warrants further investigation to prove SAF-189s as an effective therapeutic option for pts who have ALK+ NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT04237805.
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Kim, William W. S., and Gerald Siu. "Subclass-Specific Nuclear Localization of a Novel Cd4 Silencer Binding Factor." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.2.281.
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The control of CD4 expression is essential for proper T lymphocyte development. We have previously described a cis-acting silencer element required for repressing transcription of the CD4 gene. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel factor that binds to a critical functional site in the CD4 silencer. This factor, referred to as silencer-associated factor (SAF), is a member of the helix-turn-helix factor family and shares sequence similarity with the homeodomain class of transcriptional regulators. Introduction of a specific mutation into the SAF binding site in the CD4 silencer abrogates silencer activity in transgenic mice, supporting the hypothesis that SAF is important in mediating silencer function. Although SAF is expressed in all lymphocytes, immunofluorescence studies indicate that SAF is present primarily in the cytoplasm in T cells in which the endogenous silencer is nonfunctional, whereas it is present primarily in the nucleus in T cells in which the silencer is functional. We thus hypothesize that the subclass-specific subcellular compartmentalization of SAF plays an important role in mediating the specificity of function of the CD4 silencer during T cell development.
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Kipp, Michael, Frank Göhring, Thorsten Ostendorp, Cornelis M. van Drunen, Roel van Driel, Michael Przybylski, and Frank O. Fackelmayer. "SAF-Box, a Conserved Protein Domain That Specifically Recognizes Scaffold Attachment Region DNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 7480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.20.7480-7489.2000.
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ABSTRACT SARs (scaffold attachment regions) are candidate DNA elements for partitioning eukaryotic genomes into independent chromatin loops by attaching DNA to proteins of a nuclear scaffold or matrix. The interaction of SARs with the nuclear scaffold is evolutionarily conserved and appears to be due to specific DNA binding proteins that recognize SARs by a mechanism not yet understood. We describe a novel, evolutionarily conserved protein domain that specifically binds to SARs but is not related to SAR binding motifs of other proteins. This domain was first identified in human scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) and was thus designated SAF-Box. The SAF-Box is present in many different proteins ranging from yeast to human in origin and appears to be structurally related to a homeodomain. We show here that SAF-Boxes from four different origins, as well as a synthetic SAF-Box peptide, bind to natural and artificial SARs with high specificity. Specific SAR binding of the novel domain is achieved by an unusual mass binding mode, is sensitive to distamycin but not to chromomycin, and displays a clear preference for long DNA fragments. This is the first characterization of a specific SAR binding domain that is conserved throughout evolution and has DNA binding properties that closely resemble that of the unfractionated nuclear scaffold.
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Carneiro Costa, Darielly Melize, and Daniela Pauletto. "IMPORTÂNCIA DOS SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS NA COMPOSIÇÃO DE RENDA DE AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES: ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELTERRA, PARÁ." Nativa 9, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i1.9528.
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O Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) é uma forma de diversificar a produção ao utilizar várias atividades e culturas em uma mesma área, envolvendo culturas agrícolas, essências florestais e, em alguns casos, envolvendo atividade pecuária. A análise econômica de projetos é uma atividade detalhada que requer elaborar planilhas de receitas e despesas de todas as atividades por meio do acompanhamento da produtividade de cada componente do sistema. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação econômica de dois sistemas agroflorestais e avaliar sua importância financeira para os produtores. O estudo foi realizado em dois sistemas agroflorestais localizados no município de Belterra-PA nos anos de 2015 a 2017. A coleta de dados junto aos produtores foi baseada em entrevistas, com aplicação de questionário. No SAF 1 verificou-se que 96% da renda é oriunda da pimenta-do-reino, equivalendo a um total de R$ 50.135,46. O SAF 2 segue a mesma tendência de rentabilidade do SAF 1, sendo a pimenta-do-reino a cultura que impulsionou economicamente este sistema, com a produção em grãos, correspondendo a R$ 29.744,00 (66% da renda total do SAF 2). Os maiores custos nos SAFs 1 e 2 foram atribuídos a aquisição de insumos (NPK, esterco de galinha, esterco de gado e materiais para irrigação diversos) para o cultivo da pimenta-do-reino. Ressalta-se o uso de mão de obra, com preparo da área e tratos culturais, foi intenso nas duas propriedades, correspondendo a mais de 60% do total dos custos totais nos dois SAFs. O rendimento financeiro com atividades exercidas além do cultivo e manutenção dos SAFs 1 e 2 diversificam e complementam a remuneração dos produtores. Considera-se que os SAFs 1 e 2 são de extrema importância para os produtores avaliados, uma vez que geram renda e contribuem para a segurança alimentar e subsistência das famílias. O acompanhamento mensal, para aplicação de questionário de monitoramento da renda, mostrou ser viável a obtenção de dados confiáveis perante o estreitamento de confiança e atenção as atividades de exercidas. Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar, viabilidade econômica, cultivo consorciado. Income composition by family farmers and the importance of agroforestry systems: case study in Belterra, Pará, Brazil ABSTRACT: The Agroforestry System (SAF) is a way to diversify production by using various activities and crops in the same area, involving agricultural crops, forest essences and, in some cases, involving livestock activities. Economic analysis of projects is a detailed activity that requires preparing income and expense spreadsheets for all activities by monitoring the productivity of each component of the system. This study aimed to carry out an economic evaluation of two agroforestry systems and to assess their financial importance for producers. The study was carried out in two agroforestry systems located in the municipality of Belterra-PA in the years 2015 to 2017. The data collection from the producers was based on interviews, with the application of a questionnaire. In SAF 1, it was found that 96% of the income comes from black pepper, equivalent to a total of R $ 50,135.46. SAF 2 follows the same profitability trend as SAF 1, with black pepper being the crop that economically boosted this system, with grain production, corresponding to R $ 29,744.00 (66% of SAF 2's total income). The highest costs in SAFs 1 and 2 were attributed to the acquisition of inputs (NPK, chicken manure, cattle manure and various irrigation materials) for the cultivation of black pepper. The use of labor, with preparation of the area and cultural treatments, was intense in both properties, corresponding to more than 60% of the total total costs in the two SAFs. The financial income from activities carried out in addition to the cultivation and maintenance of SAFs 1 and 2 diversify and complement the remuneration of producers. SAFs 1 and 2 are extremely important for the producers evaluated, since they generate income and contribute to food security and subsistence for families. The monthly follow-up, for the application of an income monitoring questionnaire, proved to be viable to obtain reliable data in view of the strengthening of confidence and attention to the activities performed. Keywords: family farming; economic viability; intercropping cultivation.
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Xie, Lulu, Minjing Li, Desheng Liu, Xia Wang, Peiyuan Wang, Hanhan Dai, Wei Yang, Wei Liu, Xuemei Hu, and Mingdong Zhao. "Secalonic Acid-F, a Novel Mycotoxin, Represses the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via MARCH1 Regulation of the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin Signaling Pathway." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030393.
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Liver cancer is a very common and significant health problem. Therefore, powerful molecular targeting agents are urgently needed. Previously, we demonstrated that secalonic acid-F (SAF) suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (HepG2), but the other anticancer biological functions and the underlying mechanism of SAF on HCC are unknown. In this study, we found that SAF, which was isolated from a fungal strain in our lab identified as Aspergillus aculeatus, could inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MARCH1, which regulates the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and antiapoptotic Mcl-1/Bcl-2 signaling cascades. First, we confirmed that SAF reduced the proliferation and colony formation of HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B), promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the cell cycle in HepG2 and Hep3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the migration and invasion of HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with SAF were significantly suppressed. Western blot analysis showed that the level of MARCH1 was downregulated by pretreatment with SAF through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Moreover, knockdown of MARCH1 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting MARCH1 also suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion as well as increased the apoptotic rate of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. These data confirmed that the downregulation of MARCH1 could inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and that the mechanism may be via PI3K/AKT/β-catenin inactivation as well as the downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1/Bcl-2. In vivo, the downregulation of MARCH1 by treatment with SAF markedly inhibited tumor growth, suggesting that SAF partly blocks MARCH1 and further regulates the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin and antiapoptosis Mcl-1/Bcl-2 signaling cascade in the HCC nude mouse model. Additionally, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were increased in tumors after SAF treatment in a mouse model. Taken together, our findings suggest that MARCH1 is a potential molecular target for HCC treatment and that SAF is a promising agent targeting MARCH1 to treat liver cancer patients.
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Santiago, Willen Ramos, Steel Silva Vasconcelos, Osvaldo Ryohei Kato, Carlos José Capela Bispo, Lívia Gabrig Turbay Rangel-Vasconcelos, and Débora Cristina Castellani. "Nitrogênio mineral e microbiano do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo na Amazônia oriental." Acta Amazonica 43, no. 4 (December 2013): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672013000400001.
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O sucesso da produção de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) em sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) na Amazônia está condicionado ao manejo sustentável do solo, em especial dos atributos químicos e microbiológicos. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o impacto de SAFs com palma de óleo sobre os teores de nitrogênio (N) mineral e microbiano do solo, em função da sazonalidade pluviométrica. Avaliamos diferentes formas de N do solo (N microbiano, nitrato, amônio), além da concentração de carbono (C) do solo, em SAFs com baixa e alta diversidade de espécies cultivadas, os quais foram comparados com uma floresta secundária adjacente de 13 anos de idade. Para a maioria das variáveis analisadas (N total, relação C:N, N microbiano, relação N microbiano:N total, amônio) houve diferença significativa somente entre as épocas de amostragem. A concentração média de C no solo sob o SAF com alta diversidade (15,6 mg g-1) foi maior do que na floresta (13 mg g-1). Na época chuvosa a concentração de nitrato no SAF com alta diversidade foi 5,1 mg (N) kg-1 (solo), maior do que nos demais tipos de vegetação, resultando em menor concentração média de amônio no solo sob esse SAF, cujo valor foi 9,6 mg (N) kg-1 (solo). A mineralização do N no SAF com baixa diversidade, na época seca, foi 0,1 mg (N) kg-1 (solo) dia-1, menor do que nos demais tipos de vegetação. As variáveis analisadas foram mais sensíveis à sazonalidade da precipitação pluviométrica do que à conversão de floresta secundária em SAFs com palma de óleo.
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Kopeć-Pyciarz, Karolina, Irena Makulska, Danuta Zwolińska, Łukasz Łaczmański, and Wojciech Baran. "Skin Autofluorescence, as a Measure of AGE Accumulation in Individuals Suffering from Chronic Plaque Psoriasis." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4016939.
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Background. Psoriasis is currently regarded as a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Objectives. The aim of the study was the assessment of skin autofluorescence (SAF), as a measure of AGE accumulation, in individuals suffering from chronic plaque psoriasis without any comorbid conditions. Methods. A study group consisted of 70 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis without any comorbid conditions and 59 healthy controls, matched by age and gender. AGE accumulation was assessed by SAF (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics BV) which is a validated and noninvasive technique. Relations between SAF and some clinical and laboratory data were assessed. Results. SAF was positively correlated with age both in patients with psoriasis and controls (R=0.722, p<0.00001 and R=0.613, p<0.00001, respectively). There was significantly increased SAF in patients with psoriasis with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) compared to controls (p<0.00001; p<0.00001, respectively, after adjustment to age). Increased SAF was found in psoriatic patients with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) compared to controls (p<0.0012, after adjustment to age). Conclusion. Systemic inflammation (increased CRP level), prediabetes, and aging may influence enhanced AGE accumulation in patients with psoriasis without any comorbidities. SAF may be considered as a useful, noninvasive method to identify patients with psoriasis at increased cardiovascular risk.
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Kukalev, A. S., I. B. Lobov, P. Percipalle, and O. I. Podgornaya. "SAF-A/hnRNP-U Localization in Interphase and Metaphase." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 124, no. 3-4 (2009): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000218133.
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Quek, Pek Noi. "Building Capability through Cognitive Apprenticeship: The Singapore Armed Forces Competency-Based Learning Project." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 05, no. 03 (September 2006): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649206001426.
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The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Competency-Based Learning (CBL) Project is a cognitive apprenticeship designed by the Learning Development Project Office in SAFTI Military Institute, Singapore to assist SAF in establishing long-term indigenous capability in the CBL methodology to facilitate curriculum development in the Third Generation SAF. This project aims to translate the SAF Leadership Competency Model through an infusion of the CBL methodology in selected SAF schoolhouse training and educational curricula in an engagement with an external consultancy, and ensure SAF internalises the CBL methodology from the consultancy for large-scale independent implementation and sustainability in the long-term. Situated cognition, social constructivism and knowledge-creation through socialisation theories from which cognitive apprenticeship is based are also briefly discussed. In addition, the SAF CBL Project also requires SAF-consultancy interactions to be designed for optimisation of learning and knowledge acquisition (KA) outcomes. Specifically, the SAF CBL cognitive apprenticeship uses knowledge elicitation tools and techniques in a SAF CBL KA process to learn and construct knowledge of the CBL methodology through participation in shared experiences with the consultant team, and capturing of lessons learnt and best practices from which individual learning and team learning through socialisation can take place.
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Samchenko, Svetlana, Olga Zemskova, Irina Kozlova, and Marina Dudareva. "Self-compacting concrete as a modern solution to small architectural forms." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809089.
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Modern Materials science in Сonstruction is developing in a way of higher functionality, durability, ecological safety of the materials, which also must be easy to work with. The workability of concrete is provided by its property to fill the formwork under the influence of gravity. Small architectural forms (SAF) – are practical and art objects which complement outdoor spaces and enrich architectural, urban and landscape composition of the city. Manufacturing of SAF is complicated by its extraordinary geometric shapes with plenty of tiny elements. This fact limits the usage of traditional technologies of vibration for compaction. In this paper properties and composition of self-compacting concrete (SCC) are discussed, as well as the possibility of its application for thin-walled heavily reinforced constructions to produce unique SAF for landscape design. The obtaining of flowable segregation-resistant concrete mix with low water-cement ratio is studied. The hypothesis of applicability of SCC for SAF in landscape design is based on high deformability, flowability and consolidation by means of its own weight without segregation. The methodology of the research is based on the literature review concerning the usage of SCC for SAF with some special additives with plasticizing and anti-segregating affects. The investigation showed that SCC is applicable for SAF in landscape design.
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Gama Marques, João, and Sílvia Ouakinin. "Clinical profile in schizophrenia and schizoaffective spectrum: relation with unconjugated bilirubin in a prospective and controlled study with psychopathological and psychosocial variables." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001639.
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AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to assess unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) as biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective (SAF) spectrums disorder (relapse vs. partial remission).MethodsEighty-eight psychotic patients completed first assessment during relapse at ward admission, half with SCZ and half with SAF disorder. Forty-four acute bipolar patients were used as controls. After 12-month follow-up, we collected longitudinal protocol (laboratory, psychopathological, and psychosocial data) from 60 patients, half with SCZ and half with SAF disorder.ResultsDuring psychotic relapse (N = 88), we found a statistically significant difference (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; p = .002), confirmed after post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) between SCZ (N = 44) and both SAF (N = 44; p = .05) and bipolar controls (N = 44; p = .05); a positive correlation (Pearson’s r = .314) between UCB mean levels and Personal and Social Performance item (d) “disturbing and aggressive behaviors”; and a positive correlation (R2 = .223), with statistically significance (p = .008), between UCB mean levels and mean length of stay at the psychiatric ward in SAF patients who completed full protocol (N = 30). During partial remission (N = 60) we found: a statistically significant difference (ANOVA; p = .006), confirmed after post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) between SCZ (N = 30) and SAF (N = 30; p = .05); plus a negative correlation (Pearson’s r = −.399) between UCB mean levels and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale item G7 “psychomotor retardation.” Comparing first and second assessments (paired samples t test) we found a statistically significant difference in UCB mean levels among SAF patients (p = .034).ConclusionsThere is potential in the research of UCB as a biological marker for SCZ and SAF spectrums disorders during relapse and partial remission of both syndromes.
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YİĞİT ÖZER, Senem, Özkan ADIGÜZEL, and Sadullah KAYA. "Removal of Debris and Smear Layer in Curved Root Canals Using Self-Adjusting File with Different Operation Times – A Scanning Electron Microscope Study." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.1.
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Aim: Debridement during root canal treatment is mandatory and it is provided by means of chemomechanical instrumentation and irrigation methods. This article analysis the debridement capacity of a novel system, SAF and its special irrigation device when used with different operation times in curved root canals.
Methodology: 30 mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were instrumented using SAF. Teeth were divided into three groups. In Group 1, 10 new SAF files were used for operation for 4 minutes. In Group 2, the 4-min previously used SAF files were operated in the same manner. In Group 3, the 8-min previously used SAF files were operated. During SAF operation 2.6 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA were used alternately in all groups. Debris and smear layer removal were evaluated for the apical thirds under scanning electron microscope.
Results: Non-used, 4-min preused, and 8-min preused SAF efficiently removed debris and smear layer in the apical thirds. There were no significant difference among the groups in terms of debridement.
Conclusions: When SAF is operated in curved root canals with continous flow of irrigation it results in debris and smear-free canal walls in the critical apical thirds within 12 minutes.
How to cite this article: Yiğit Özer S, Adıgüzel Ö, Kaya S. Removal of debris and smear layer in curved root canals using self-adjusting file with different operation times - A scanning electron microscope study. Int Dent Res 2011;1:1-6.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Edeke, Affiong, Nene Uchendu, Kingley Omeje, and Arome Solomon Odiba. "Nutritional and Pharmacological Potentials of Solanum melongena and Solanum aethiopicum Fruits." Journal of Phytopharmacology 10, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2021.10112.
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African eggplants, Solanum melongena fruit (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruit (SAF) are widely cultivated in Nigeria and across the Africa. This study is designed to evaluate and compare the proximate and phytochemical components of SMF and SAF. Proximate composition of both fruit samples shows that SMF has higher moisture content than SAF. Protein, fats and ash contents were non-significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SAF compared with SMF. The fibre content was 3.11 ± 0.03 and 2.98 ± 0.08 % for SMF and SAF, respectively. The carbohydrate content of SAF (4.14± 0.11%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of SMF (2.42 ± 0.12%). The results obtained for the phytochemical composition show that cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins and anthraquinone are low for both fruit samples. The phenolic content of SMF was 5.80 ± 0.4 g and that of SAF was 4.17 ± 0.03 g. In this study, we reported a flavonoid content of 2.80 ± 0.08 and 1.46 ± 0.01 g, as well as saponin content of 1.34 ± 0.31 and 0.81 ± 0.23 g for SMF and SAF, respectively. SAF has a tannin content of 0.82 ± 0.14 g, and 1.28 ± 0.05 g for SMF. Eighteen amino acids were identified (Essential and non-essential amino acids) with glutamine having the highest percentage (94.69%) and the lowest in percentage was Threonine (0.014%). In conclusion, the results of this study show that SMF and SAF have adequate nutritional value could be valuable raw material for health and pharmaceutical industries.
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Solomonov, Michael, Joe Ben-Itzhak, Anda Kfir, Oscar von Stetten, Elena Lipatova, and EleftheriosT Farmakis. "Self-adjusting file (SAF) separation in clinical use: A preliminary survey among experienced SAF users regarding prevalence and retrieval methods." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 18, no. 3 (2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.157247.
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Ray, Bimal K., and Alpana Ray. "Induction of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Gene by SAA-activating Sequence-binding Factor (SAF) in Monocyte/Macrophage Cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, no. 46 (November 14, 1997): 28948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.46.28948.
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Pedraza Arévalo, Laura Camila, Yeferson A. Fajardo, and Renato A. Guzmán. "ANTICOAGULACIÓN EN PACIENTE CON TROMBOCITOPENIA SECUNDARIA A SÍNDROME ANTIFOSFOLÍPIDO: REPORTE DE CASO." Revista Cuarzo 25, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26752/cuarzo.v25.n2.445.
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En el contexto de un síndrome antifosfolípido primario (SAF), la trombocitopenia, paradójicamente, no sugiere riesgo de sangrado sino de trombosis, lo que podría evolucionar a un SAF catastrófico, una patología con mortalidad elevada, por ello en casos de SAF con trombocitopenia la anticoagulación no debe diferirse, sino que es el manejo inmediato. A continuación, se describe un caso de SAF en un hombre de 20 años con epistaxis, hemorragia gingival, disnea, hemoptisis y equimosis en miembro inferior izquierdo, con antecedente de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) secundario a trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) hace 2 años, por lo que estaba anticoagulado con cumarínico, pero no lo pudo continuar desde hace 6 meses por trámites administrativos. Se considera posible TEP por lo que se inicia enoxaparina y se solicitan paraclínicos para aclarar etiología. El angiotac confirma el diagnóstico y el Doppler de miembros inferiores descarta TVP. Además, se confirma un SAF primario y se empieza a notar una trombocitopenia marcada que no es la esperada con esta patología, por lo que se discute si anticoagular o no, sopesando riesgo- beneficio de lo anterior. Adicionalmente, dada la etiología autoinmune, se inicia manejo con metilprednisolona, azatioprina e hidroxicloroquina, con mejoría clínica y paraclínica, lográndose terapia puente para cumarínico satisfactoriamente, por lo que fue posible dar egreso con warfarina, corticoesteroide oral, azatioprina e hidroxicloroquina. Basados en el caso expuesto, afirmamos que los pacientes con SAF y trombocitopenia deben ser anticoagulados tan pronto como sea posible.
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Jacobina, Laís Fernandes, and Ilana Lemos de Paiva. "«Aconchego do Lar»: Discutindo o Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar." Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Niñez y Juventud 18, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.18103.
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O Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar (SAF) se encontra inserido num processo de reformulação da política de proteção dos direitos do público infantojuvenil. Assim, discute-se a implantação do SAF em um município do Nordeste brasileiro, sob a perspectiva dos profissionais do SAF, famílias (acolhedora e de origem), criança acolhida, Conselho Tutelar, Promotor de Justiça e Juiz. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizou-se a análise das concepções sobre o SAF, como uma alternativa de cuidados à população infantojuvenil. O estudo mostra que o SAF é considerado uma alternativa de atendimento às crianças e adolescentes, sendo ressaltada a atenção individualizada e a afetividade no contexto do acolhimento. Todavia, existem desafios a serem vencidos, como a maior divulgação do SAF, demonstrando, assim, que ele ainda não se consolidou na rede de atendimento.
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Peter, Marc K., Corin Kraft, and Johan Lindeque. "Strategic action fields of digital transformation." Journal of Strategy and Management 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 160–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-05-2019-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to capture the collective understanding of digital transformation (DT) across Swiss businesses and establish a reference framework based on the strategic action field (SAF) theory. Design/methodology/approach A number of Swiss associations provided their databases for an online survey. The large sample includes 2,590 participants from 1,854 organisations and delivered over 4,200 descriptions of DT, categorised into seven SAFs. A cross tabulation of SAF combinations by firm size identified 127 possible SAF combinations which constitute the common understanding of DT. Findings The data set allowed the identification of SAFs and the conceptualisation of DT based on a shared understanding. Drivers of digital transformation are: process engineering, new technologies and digital business development, supported by digital leadership and culture, the cloud and data, customer centricity and digital marketing. Research limitations/implications For practitioners, the study provides the SAFs that should be considered for DT strategies. For academic scholars, a unique data set has allowed the study of DT by analysing action field combinations, revealing a nuanced constellation of SAFs. Limitations are the focus on Swiss organisations and a convenience sample for collecting the analysed data. Originality/value For the first time, the shared understanding of DT in Swiss businesses – based on SAFs – has allowed a conceptualisation of DT in order to provide guidance to businesses managers and employees.
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Scherber, Robyn, Amylou Dueck, Peter L. Johansson, Tiziano Barbui, Giovanni Barosi, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Francesco Passamonti, et al. "The Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF): An International Prospective Validation Trial In 402 Patients." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4095.4095.
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Abstract Abstract 4095 Background: Symptomatic burden in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is present in over 70% of MPN patients (Mesa et. al. Cancer 2007). We sought to validate a broadly applicable instrument (MPN-SAF) to assess symptoms in myelofibrosis (MF), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Methods: Using the previously validated MF-SAF as a base instrument, we added several key additional symptoms previously identified as present in all subtypes of MPNs including headaches, concentration, dizziness, extremity tingling, insomnia, sexual problems and mood changes on a 0 (absent) to 10 (worst-imaginable) scale. Validation: The MPN-SAF was administered jointly with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 as the co-validation instrument using prospective cohorts in the USA, Sweden and Italy. The translated MPN-SAF (Swedish and Italian) was created through a standard approach using teams of 4 translators working in concert. Results: Compiled MPN-SAF: Patient data: 402 MPN-SAF surveys were administered (English (25%), Italian (46%) and Swedish (28%)) in 161 ET patients (40%), 145 PV patients (36%), and 96 MF patients (24%), an average of 7.8 years (range 0 – 43 years) from their MPN diagnosis. Participants were of typical age (64.9, range 26 – 91 years) and gender (53% female) characteristic of disease. Prior hemorrhage (10%) and thrombosis (25%) were frequent. 68% of patients currently received cytoreductive therapy and 84% received cytoreductive therapy in the past. Patients and Symptomatic Burden: 19 items assessed in the MPN-SAF demonstrated consistently that the most common symptoms were fatigue (93%), decreased quality of life (84%), insomnia (65%), sad mood (65%), and sexuality problems (58%). The least common symptoms (<50% prevalence) were fevers (20%), weight loss (35%), abdominal pain (46%), cough (46%), headache (48%), and bone pain (49%). Symptoms were most severe in MF, followed by PV, then ET patients. Although symptoms are present in all 3 MPN subgroups, itching is notably more burdensome in PV patients (65%, median score of 2.8 out of 10). Additionally, abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, early satiety and inactivity all are most prevalent and severe in MF. Interestingly, night sweats (present in 56%) overall had similar prevalence and severity across all 3 MPNs. The majority found the MPN-SAF easy to understand (98%) and “addressed most of my MPN symptoms” (96%). Comparison to EORTC-QLQ-C30: Strong correlations existed between individual items represented on both the MPN-SAF and the EORTC-QLQC30 including pain, fatigue, appetite and insomnia (all p<0.001). Additionally key symptomatic elements were highly correlated with the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional subscales. Comparison to Physician Perceptions: Comparison of the results of the MPN-SAF to enrolling physicians' blinded opinion of patients symptoms (6 assessed - night sweats, fevers, fatigue, weight loss, bone pain, and pruritus) showed excellent correlation with corresponding patients' responses except bone pain (all p<0.001). Comparison across Countries: When controlling for MPN subtype, responses between the three different countries (and 3 different languages the MPN-SAF was administered) demonstrated great consistency and correlation for all but 1 item, bone pain. Serial MPN-SAF Results: 51 patients in the USA (ET (17.6%), PV (25.5%), and MF (56.9%)), responded to a repeat MPN-SAF survey sent via US mail (50% response rate, mean time between surveys 190±63 days (range 43 – 257)). Pearson correlations indicate that most MPN-SAF items are well correlated (r >0.5, p<.001) upon repeat survey administration. Items characteristic of advanced disease, including weight loss, fever, and cough displayed lower Pearson correlations (r=0.46, -0.08, and 0.38 respectively). Intra-class correlations for test-retest reliability indicated that common features of disease, including mean BFI, inactivity, insomnia, and night sweats, were highly reproducible upon serial survey administration (ICC>0.7, 2, k model used). Conclusion: The MPN-SAF is comprehensive and reliable instrument which is available in multiple languages to evaluate MPN-associated symptoms. The MPN-SAF is recommended as a uniform symptom assessment tool for MPN patients participating in clinical trials globally. Disclosures: Vannucchi: Novartis: Consultancy. Samuelsson:Roche Sweden:. Harrison:Incyte: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Mesa:SBio: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; eisai: Research Funding; telik: Research Funding.
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Özenver, Nadire, Mona Dawood, Edmond Fleischer, Anette Klinger, and Thomas Efferth. "Chemometric and Transcriptomic Profiling, Microtubule Disruption and Cell Death Induction by Secalonic Acid in Tumor Cells." Molecules 25, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143224.
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Nature is an indispensable source of new drugs, providing unique bioactive lead structures for drug discovery. In the present study, secalonic acid F (SAF), a naturally occurring ergochrome pigment, was studied for its cytotoxicity against various leukemia and multiple myeloma cells by the resazurin assay. SAF exhibited cytotoxic activity on both leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. Generally, multiple myeloma cells were more sensitive to SAF than leukemia cells. NCI-H929 cells were the most affected cells among the tested panel of multiple myeloma cell lines and were taken for further studies to assess the mode of action of SAF on those cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SAF induced S and G2/M arrest in NCI-H929 cells. SAF-associated apoptosis and necrosis resulted in cytotoxicity. SAF further inclined the disassembly of the tubulin network, which may also account for its cytotoxicity. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of the NCI tumor cell line panel identified genes involved in numerous cellular processes (e.g., cell differentiation, cell migration, and other numerous signaling pathways) notably correlated with log10IC50 values for secalonic acid. In conclusion, the present study supports the therapeutic potential of SAF to treat multiple myeloma.
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Varela, Luiz Benedito, and Antônio Cordeiro de Santana. "Aspectos econômicos da produção e do risco nos sistemas agroflorestais e nos sistemas tradicionais de produçâo agrícola em tomé-açu, Pará - 2001 a 2003." Revista Árvore 33, no. 1 (February 2009): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622009000100016.
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Neste artigo, analisaram-se os fatores determinantes da produção dinâmica dos sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) e dos sistemas tradicionais de produção agrícola (ST), sob condições de risco, em pequenas e médias unidades produtivas nipo-brasileiras localizadas no Município de Tomé-Açu, Pará, no período de 2001 a 2003. Os resultados indicaram que todos os fatores, exceto a mão-de-obra contratada e as máquinas e equipamentos, afetam diretamente o Valor Bruto da Produção (VBP) dos SAF e dos ST; a variável dummy apresentou diferença cumulativa a menor no VBP dos SAF, de um ano para outro. A função de risco estimada apontou que os SAF apresentaram menor risco que os ST, evidenciando-se que a aplicação de insumos era fonte de redução de risco, mas a tecnologia adotada precisa ser adequada, pois se apresenta como fator de aumento de risco nos dois sistemas. Além disso, a dummy indicou que os SAF exibiram menor nível de risco que os ST. Nesse contexto, os resultados deixaram claro, ainda, que os produtores nipo-brasileiros eram avessos ao risco.
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Mustafa, Ghulam, Afzal Suleman, and Curran Crawford. "Probabilistic first ply failure prediction of composite laminates using a multi-scale M-SaF and Bayesian inference approach." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317704708.
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This paper presents a probabilistic first ply failure analysis of composite laminates using a high-fidelity multi-scale approach called M-SaF (Micromechanics-based approach for Static Failure). To this end, square and hexagonal representative unit cells of composites are developed to calculate constituent stresses with the help of a bridging matrix between macro and micro stresses referred to as the stress amplification factor matrix. Separate failure criteria are applied to each of the constituents (fiber, matrix, and interface) in order to calculate the damage state. The successful implementation of M-SaF requires strength properties of the constituents which are the most difficult and expensive to characterize experimentally, limiting the use of M-SaF in the early design stages of a structure. This obstacle is overcome by integrating a Bayesian inference approach with M-SaF. An academic sample problem of a cantilever beam is used to first demonstrate the calibration procedure. Bayesian inference calibrates the M-SaF first ply failure model parameters as posterior distributions from the prior probability density functions drawn from lamina test data. The posterior statistics were then used to calculate probabilistic first ply failure for a range of different laminates.
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Costa, Maria Cristiana de Freitas da, Giordano Bruno da Silva Oliveira, Anna Frida Hatsue Modro, Fernando Ferreira de Morais, André De Paulo Evaristo, and Emanuel Fernando Maia de Souza. "Agrobiodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais com cafeeiro na Amazônia ocidental." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 9, no. 2 (October 22, 2017): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2018.002.0008.
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Os agroecossistemas de base agroecológica contribuem com a mitigação dos problemas ambientais, ao mesmo tempo que produzem bens e serviços ecossistêmicos. Objetivou-se investigar a composição florística, riqueza e diversidade de plantas em sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) com cafeeiro canéfora (Coffea sp.), como componente principal, estabelecidos no município de Cacoal, Rondônia. Foram inventariados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito maior ou igual a cinco cm, medidos a 130 cm do solo, em sete SAF. Após a identificação das espécies foram calculados os parâmetros de frequência, densidade, dominância, valor de importância, valor de cobertura, similaridade de Jaccard, diversidade de Shannon-Wierner, equabilidade de Pielou e dominância de Simpson. Para a estrutura vertical, os SAF foram estratificados pelo método de Longhi. Foram inventariados 835 indivíduos, distribuídos em 71 espécies, 5 morfoespécies, 54 gêneros e 27 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae e Bignoniaceae. Os SAF apresentaram em sua composição florística gradiente de espécies, com 49% de nativas, 23% exóticas e 28% não foram confirmadas. Os SAF são pouco semelhantes entre si, com nenhuma espécie comum a todos. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wierner, variou de 0,54 a 2,79; equabilidade de Pielou 0,42 a 0,87 e dominância de Simpson 0,27 a 0,92. As espécies mais frequentes foram embaúba (Cecropia engleriana Snethl.) e bandarra (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby), presentes em 86% dos SAF. O valor de importância das espécies que compõem os SAF, mostrou um estoque de indivíduos com potencial madeireiro. Os SAF apresentaram-se multiestratificados, com presença de três estratos para todos os agroecossistemas. Em 43% dos SAF os indivíduos melhor representados estão no estrato dois (E2). Os coeficientes encontrados indicam os SAF com cafeeiro com potencial para a conservação da natureza e da agrobiodiversidade.
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Ugolini-Lopes, Michelle Remião, and Maria Teresa Correia Caleiro. "Manifestações critério e não critério na síndrome antifosfolípide." Revista Paulista de Reumatologia, no. 2018 abr-jun;17(2) (June 30, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46833/reumatologiasp.2018.17.2.7-11.
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A síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) é caracterizada pela presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides associada à trombose e/ou morbidade gestacional. No entanto, há uma série de outras manifestações associadas à SAF, denominadas manifestações não critério, que adicionam morbidade significativa a essa síndrome; algumas delas ainda são consideradas desafios terapêuticos. Abordaremos neste artigo um pouco de cada manifestação clínica da SAF, dando enfoque maior às manifestações não critério. Unitermos: Síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide. SAF. Manifestações critério. Manifestações não critério.
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Couto, Wanderson Henrique do, Lucia Helena Cunha dos Anjos, Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. "ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS E RESISTÊNCIA A PENETRAÇÃO EM ÁREAS DE SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS NO SUDOESTE AMAZÔNICO." Ciência Florestal 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509824210.
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Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) têm sido propostos para aliar a preservação das florestas a modelos agrícolas sustentáveis. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar atributos edáficos e correlacioná-los com a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RMSP) de três classes de solo na Amazônia Ocidental, em áreas de SAFs do projeto Reflorestamento Econômico Consorciado e Adensado (RECA), em Rondônia. Foram selecionadas 14 áreas de SAF com 20 anos de implantação e composição, estrutura e espaçamento entre árvores semelhantes, além de duas áreas de referência, com cobertura de mata e pastagem. Além das avaliações de atributos dos solos, foram realizados testes para medir a RMSP e determinado o estoque de C no solo até um metro. Os perfis de solo foram classificados como Latossolos, Argissolos e Cambissolos, todos com argila de baixa atividade e reduzidos estoques de nutrientes, caráter distrófico e às vezes alumínico. Nas áreas de SAF, os valores de RMSP variaram de 0,96 a 4,59 MPa, sem restrições ao sistema radicular em superfície, porém, aumentando em profundidade. Em geral, os Latossolos mostraram menores valores de RMSP que os Cambissolos e Argissolos, e os valores mais altos ocorreram na área de referência com pastagem. Os estoques de C variaram de 45,19 a 126,04 Mg C ha-1, e metade das áreas de SAF apresentaram valores próximos ou até superiores aos da área de mata. A análise de componentes principais mostrou uma distinção entre os Cambissolos e as demais classes de solos. Os principais atributos que diferenciaram as áreas foram o teor de Al, pH e a granulometria.
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Sierra Merlano, Rita M., Ernesto Rocha Reyes, and Álvaro Moreno Grau. "Síndrome antifosfolípido catastrófico (síndrome de asherson): presentación de un caso probable." Revista Ciencias Biomédicas 7, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32997/rcb-2016-2937.
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Introducción: el síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) catastrófico (SAFc) es una presentación del SAF de muy baja prevalencia con una mortalidad superior al 50%. Se caracteriza por la aparición de trombosis microvascular en diferentes órganos en menos de una semana, frecuentemente con títulos altos de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (aFL). A pesar de ser una entidad infrecuente con cerca de 500 casos publicados en la literatura mundial, es muy importante sospecharla tempranamente e instaurar un tratamiento temprano acorde con la gravedad del caso.Caso clínico: paciente con un SAFc probable con el objetivo de llamar la atención en la comunidad médica sobre las particularidades y los recursos diagnósticos y terapéuticosque pueden mejorar la sospecha temprana de esta entidad.Conclusión: se debe sospechar SAFc e instaurar terapia adecuada que permita disminuirlos desenlaces mortales. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2016;7(1):112-116.
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Liu, Qiang, Hong Xia Guo, Zi Ming Wang, Peng Yang, and Su Ping Cui. "A Novel Way to Change Color of Allphatle Sulfonated Resin." Key Engineering Materials 509 (April 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.215.
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The color of allphatle sulfonated acetone-formaldehyde resin has been changed by a novel way of mixing with blue and green dye. The UV spectroscopy and colorimeter were used to characterize the color change. And the water reducing performance of the resin was investigated. The results indicated that the ratio of SAF water reducer to blue dye was 10:5, and that to green dye was 10:4, the color of the SAF water reducer can be efficiently changed. The fluidity of cement paste of SAF water reducer added the blue dye was improved, and the water-reducing rate was almost not influenced by addition of dyes.