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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safe distance'
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1
Pai, Abhishek. "Distance-Scaled Human-Robot Interaction with Hybrid Cameras." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563872095430977.
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Krychtálek, Zdeněk. "Technický výklad vybraných pojmů z pravidel silničního provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232475.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current situation and prepare a technical interpretation of selected basic concepts of traffic rules to increase legal certainty and the road needs to bring to engineering practice. These are the concepts of safe distance, perspective, suddenly and unsuddenly. The diploma work is dealt with on a technical interpretation of selected terms of traffic rules, which are important for safety.
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Zemánek, Lukáš. "Analýza soustavy faktorů ovlivňujících bezpečnou podélnou vzdálenost mezi vozidly." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356991.
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The doctoral thesis deals with problems of a safe longitudinal distance between vehicles. It includes an analysis of a set of factors influencing the safe distance between vehicles and is concerned with a research of effect of many of these factors on observance of the safe longitudinal distance between vehicles. In connection with these factors, this work deals with the solution of this issue in neighbouring countries through statutory measures, then with statistical analysis of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic caused by non-observance of the safe distance, also problems of assistance systems operating in this area, and subsequently, based on the findings, there are recommended suggestions of actions to increase safety in this area of road transport.
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Aslansefat, K., Sohag Kabir, Amr R. A. Abdullatif, Vinod Vasudevan, and Y. Papadopoulos. "Toward Improving Confidence in Autonomous Vehicle Software: A Study on Traffic Sign Recognition Systems." IEEE, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18591.
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YesThis article proposes an approach named SafeML II, which applies empirical cumulative distribution function-based statistical distance measures in a designed human-in-the loop procedure to ensure the safety of machine learning-based classifiers in autonomous vehicle software. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven decision-making systems in autonomous vehicles is growing rapidly. As autonomous vehicles operate in dynamic environments, the risk that they can face an unknown observation is relatively high due to insufficient training data, distributional shift, or cyber-security attack. Thus, AI-based algorithms should make dependable decisions to improve their interpretation of the environment, lower the risk of autonomous driving, and avoid catastrophic accidents. This paper proposes an approach named SafeML II, which applies empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF)-based statistical distance measures in a designed human-in-the-loop procedure to ensure the safety of machine learning-based classifiers in autonomous vehicle software. The approach is model-agnostic and it can cover various machine learning and deep learning classifiers. The German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) is used to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.
This work was supported by the Secure and Safe MultiRobot Systems (SESAME) H2020 Project under Grant Agreement 101017258.
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Thurston, David Frank. "A Proactive Approach to Train Control." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/181175.
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Electrical EngineeringPh.D.
The main objective in optimizing train control is to eliminate the waste associated with classical design where train separation is determined through the use of "worst case" assumptions to calculate Safe Braking Distances that are invariant to the system. In fact, the worst case approach has been in place since the beginning of train control systems. Worst case takes the most conservative approach to the determination of train stopping distance, which is the basis for design and capacity of all train control systems. This leads to stopping distances that could be far more than actually required under the circumstances at the time the train is attempting to brake. A new train control system is proposed that utilizes information about the train and the conditions ahead to optimize and minimize the Safe Braking Distance. Two methods are proposed to reduce safe braking distance while maintaining an appropriate level of safety for the system. The first introduces a statistical method that quantifies a braking distance with various hazards levels and picks a level that meets the safety criteria of the system. The second method uses train mounted sensors to determine the adhesion level of the wheel and rail to determine the appropriate braking rate for the train under known circumstances. Combining these methods provides significant decreases in Safe Braking Distances for trains. A new train control system is utilized to take advantage of these features to increase overall system capacity.
Temple University--Theses
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Stáňa, Ivo. "Technický výklad vybraných ustanovení zákona č. 361/2000 Sb., o provozu na pozemních komunikacích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254232.
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Diploma thesis deals with oficial causes of road accidents and their consequences. In the first part are defined basic terms connected with traffic accidents, their classification and statistical records. The second part is focused on analysis of long – term statistics of traffic accidents in the the Czech Republic for the years 1996-2015, which aim has been assed the total number of accidents, their causes and consequences. The results of the analysis have been compared to other European countries or states associated in OECD. In the context of theoretical part have been characterized legal and also technical interpretation of selected terms of act no 361/200 coll. concerning road traffic. Conclusion of the thesis is based on application of legal and also technical interpretation in case studies with real road accident.
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Gallacher, Jonathan R. "The Influence of Season, Heating Mode and Slope Angle on Wildland Fire Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5691.
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Wildland fire behavior research in the last 100 years has largely focused on understanding the physical phenomena behind fire spread and on developing models that can predict fire behavior. Research advances in the areas of live-fuel combustion and combustion modeling have highlighted several weaknesses in the current approach to fire research. Some of those areas include poor characterization of solid fuels in combustion modeling, a lack of understanding of the dominant heat transfer mechanisms in fire spread, a lack of understanding regarding the theory of live-fuel combustion, and a lack of understanding regarding the behavior of flames near slopes. In this work, the physical properties, chemical properties and burning behavior of the foliage from ten live shrub and conifer fuels were measured throughout a one-year period. Burn experiments were performed using different heating modes, namely convection-only, radiation-only and combined convection and radiation. Models to predict the physical properties and burning behavior were developed and reported. The flame behavior and associated heat flux from fires near slopes were also measured. Several important conclusions are evident from analysis of the data, namely (1) seasonal variability of the measured physical properties was found to be adequately explained without the use of a seasonal parameter. (2) ignition and burning behavior cannot be described using single-parameter correlations similar to those used for dead fuels, (3) moisture content, sample mass, apparent density (broad-leaf species), surface area (broad-leaf), sample width (needle species) and stem diameter (needle) were identified as the most important predictors of fire behavior in live fuels, (4) volatiles content, ether extractives, and ash content were not significant predictors of fire behavior under the conditions studied, (5) broadleaf species experienced a significant increase in burning rate when convection and radiation were used together compared to convection alone while needle species showed no significant difference between convection-only and convection combined with radiation, (6) there is no practical difference between heating modes from the perspective of the solid—it is only the amount of energy absorbed and the resulting solid temperature that matter, and (7) a radiant flux of 50 kW m-2 alone was not sufficient to ignite the fuel sample under experimental conditions used in this research, (8) the average flame tilt angle at which the behavior of a flame near a slope deviated from the behavior of a flame on flat ground was between 20° and 40°, depending on the criteria used, and (9) the traditional view of safe separation distance for a safety zone as the distance from the flame base is inadequate for fires near slopes.
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Hunter, Alistair Edward. "Impact moles and directional drills : safe installation distances for existing services." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323250.
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Lewey, Heather. "Examining Significant Differences of Gunshot Residue Patterns Using Same Make and Model of Firearms in Forensic Distance Determination Tests." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2064.
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In many cases of crimes involving a firearm, police investigators need to know how far the firearm was held from the victim when it was discharged. Knowing this distance, vital questions regarding the re-construction of the crime scene can be known. Often, the original firearm used in commission of a suspected crime is not available for testing or is damaged. Crime laboratories require the original firearm in order to conduct distance determination tests. However, no empirical research has ever been conducted to determine if same make and model firearms produce different results in distance determination testing. It was the purpose of this study to determine if there are significant differences between the same make and model of firearms in distance determination testing. The findings indicate no significant differences; furthermore they imply that if the original firearm is not available, another firearm of the same make and model may be used.
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Peck, Riley D. "Seasonal Habitat Selection by Greater Sage Grouse in Strawberry Valley Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3180.
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This study examined winter habitat use and nesting ecology of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Strawberry Valley (SV), Utah located in the north-central part of the state. We monitored sage grouse with the aid of radio telemetry throughout the year, but specifically used information from the winter and nesting periods for this study. Our study provided evidence that sage grouse show fidelity to nesting areas in subsequent years regardless of nest success. We found only 57% of our nests located within the 3 km distance from an active lek typically used to delineate critical nesting habitat. We suggest a more conservative distance of 10 km for our study area. Whenever possible, we urge consideration of nest-area fidelity in conservation planning across the range of greater sage grouse. We also evaluated winter-habitat selection at multiple spatial scales. Sage grouse in our study area selected gradual slopes with high amounts of sagebrush exposed above the snow. We produced a map that identified suitable winter habitat for sage grouse in our study area. This map highlighted core areas that should be conserved and will provide a basis for management decisions affecting Strawberry Valley, Utah.
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La, Barbera Sosa Jose Gregorio. "Comportement en fatigue d'un acier SAE 1045 revêtu de colmonoy 88 déposé par HVOF : effet de la distance de projection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10085/document.
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L'influence de la distance de projection sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques de l'alliage Colmonoy déposé par HVOF sur un acier SAE 1045 a été étudiée de manière systématique. La distance de projection varie entre 380 et 470 mm et les revêtements sont étudiés sur la surface et dans une section droite. L'analyse microstructurale est réalisée par MEB et par analyse d'images. Les différentes phases présentes dans le revêtement sont identifiées par diffraction des rayons X. Les contraintes résiduelles de surface sont déterminées par diffraction X en utilisant la méthode des sin[psi], l'analyse étant menée sur la famille de plans {311} de la phase du Nickel à environ 2[théta] ~ 93.2°. Les propriétés mécaniques des revêtements et des systèmes substrat/revêtement sont évaluées au moyen d'essais statiques et dynamiques. La dureté et le module d'élasticité des revêtements sont déterminés par nano-indentation utilisant un indenteur Berkovich et la méthode proposée par Oliver et Pharr. Les limites élastiques des revêtements sont aussi estimées à partir des courbes de chargement suivant la méthodologie de Zeng et Chiu en utilisant un indenteur bille et les équations de Hertz. Les propriétés mécaniques des systèmes substrat/revêtement sont déterminées par des essais de traction et de fatigue-corrosion sur des éprouvettes cylindriques. Les essais de fatigue corrosion ont été réalisés en flexion-rotation à une fréquence de 50 Hz dans une gamme de contraintes appliquées alternées entre 250 et 420 MPa, ceci dans une solution de NaCI à 3%. Les essais de fatigue-corrosion ont été conduits en utilisant des éprouvettes revêtues de chrome durThe influence of the spraying distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Colmonoy 88 alloy deposited by means of HVOF thermal spraying onto a SAE 1045 steel substrate has been investigated in a systematic manner. The spraying distance varied between 380-470 mm and the deposits were evaluated both on their surface and cross section. The microstructural study was conducted by means of SEM and image analysis techniques. The different phases present in the deposits were identified by means of XRD. The surface residual stresses of the coatings were also determined employing the sin2[psi] method, the analysis being conducted on the (311) plane ofthe Ni phase, at 2[theta] ~ 93.2°. The mechanical properties of the coatings and substrate-coating systems were evaluated by means of static and dynamic mechanical tests of a different nature. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were determined by means of instrumented indentation employing a Berkovich indenter and the methodology earlier proposed by Oliver and Pharr. The yield strength of the coatings was also estimated from the above curves following the methodology suggested by Zeng and Chiu, as well as from spherical indentation tests and the Hertz equations commonly used in contact mechanics. The mechanical properties of the substrate-coating system were evaluated by means of tensile and corrosion-fatigue tests employing cylindrical samples. Corrosion-fatigue tests were carried out under rotating-bending conditions at a frequency of 50 Hz, in the range of altemating stresses of 250-420 MPa, employing a of 3 wt% NaCI solution. Corrosion-fatigue tests were conducted employing steel samples coated with hard Cr
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Tétard, Cédric. "Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats. Comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289578.
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Le dernier rapport du GIEC (2007) souligne que la compréhension du changement climatique en cours est encore incomplète. Le rôle de la stratosphère est notamment mal connu. C'est pourquoi il est important d'étudier sa composition et les processus physicochimiques s'y déroulant. Les mesures d'occultation solaire telles celles de l'instrument satellitaire SAGE III et les mesures in situ sont particulièrement bien adaptées à l'étude de la stratosphère. J'ai étudié dans cette thèse la cohérence entre les mesures existantes.Mon travail a consisté à inverser les transmissions atmosphériques de SAGE III pour obtenir les profils verticaux des concentrations en ozone et en dioxyde d'azote ainsi que des coefficients d'extinction des aérosols dans neuf canaux entre 385 et 1545 nm. Dans les canaux situés autour de 450 nm, un lissage vertical a été effectué sur les transmissions tangentes pour pallier un défaut de neutralité spectrale de l'atténuateur. Dans le canal à 1545 nm, la prise en compte de l'absorption du CO2 a été effectuée avec le modèle MODTRAN 5. Les incertitudes ont été évaluées par une méthode de Monte Carlo. Nous avons alors validé nos produits à l'aide des produits SAGE III officiels (NASA), ceux d'un troisième algorithme d´eveloppé par une équipe de Saint Petersbourg et à l'aide de mesures coïncidentes des instruments SAGE II et POAM III. Ces comparaisons montrent que les produits LOA sont de bonne qualité. Cependant, une étude effectuée à l'aide des mesures in situ de l'instrument sous ballon SPIRALE aux abords du vortex polaire a montré un bon accord pour O3 et un désaccord pour NO2. Ce désaccord montre que la méthode d'occultation solaire pour la mesure d'espèces réactives (tel NO2) dans des conditions dynamiques complexes n'est pas bien adaptée. De plus, les variations diurnes de NO2 rendent les comparaisons directes entre mesures à distance et in situ difficiles.
Une étude spécifique sur les aérosols des feux de forêt de l'ouest du Canada (août 2003) a été menée avec les produits SAGE III officiels. Des intrusions d'aérosols issus des feux de forêt dans la basse stratosphère par pyroconvection sont suspectées d'être à l'origine des pics d'extinction observés par SAGE III. Nous avons déduit des mesures SAGE III les propriétés microphysiques de ces aérosols et montré que ces coefficients d'extinction anormalement élevés étaient dus à une augmentation du nombre de particules dans la basse stratosphère. Cependant, la nature chimique de ces aérosols n'a pu être déterminée car les mesures d'extinction ne sont pas assez sensibles à l'indice de réfraction.
Depuis la fin des missions SAGE II, SAGE III et POAM III, les instruments satellitaires de la mission ACE-SCISAT sont les seuls instruments d'occultation solaire (hormis SOFIE) fournissant des informations sur la stratosphère. Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés à la validation de leurs mesures à l'aide des données de SAGE II, SAGE III et SPIRALE. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la campagne de validation internationale. Nous avons montré que les coefficients d'extinction des aérosols déduits des mesures de IMAGER sont en désaccord avec ceux de SAGE II et SAGE III et que les rapports de mélange en ozone et en dioxyde d'azote de FTS et de MAESTRO sont en bon accord avec les produits SAGE III. Cependant, nous obtenons également un désaccord concernant NO2 en comparaison avec SPIRALE bien que les autres espèces (CH4, N2O, HNO3, O3, HCl) déduites de FTS ainsi que l'ozone MAESTRO sont en bon accord avec les données SPIRALE.
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Tétard, Cédric. "Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats : comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10023/document.
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Le dernier rapport du GIEC souligne que le rôle de la stratosphère dans le changement climatique est mal connu et invite à poursuivre son étude. Les mesures d'occultation solaire et in situ sont appropriées à cette étude mais il est nécessaire de les valider. Nous avons tout d'abord développé notre propre algorithme d'inversion des transmissions de SAGE III et avons comparé nos produits (profils verticaux des concentrations en O3 et en NO2 et coefficients d'extinction des aérosols (CEA)) à ceux issus de l'algorithme officiel et d'un troisième algorithme. De bons accords ont été obtenus entre ces inversions pour toutes les espèces. Nous avons poursuivi avec des comparaisons à des mesures corrélatives obtenues à l'aide d'instruments spatiaux et d'un instrument sous ballon (SPIRALE) déjà validés. Si on exclut les CEA, les résultats sont satisfaisants. Toutefois, la comparaison aux mesures in situ de SPIRALE obtenues aux abords du vortex polaire donne un désaccord pour NO2 démontrant ainsi les limites de l'occultation solaire dans la mesure d'espèces réactives dans des conditions dynamiques complexes. Une fois ces validations réalisées, nous nous sommes intéressés aux intrusions dans la stratosphère d'aérosols issus de feux de forêt et nous avons montré qu'elles conduisent à une forte augmentation du nombre de particules. Enfin, dans un cadre international, nous avons participé à la validation des instruments de la mission ACE (FTS, MAESTRO, Imager) à l'aide de SAGE III et de SPIRALE. Cela nous a permis de valider certains produits (O3 et NO2 de FTS et MAESTRO), d'en invalider d'autres (CEA d'Imager) et de confirmer le désaccord pour NO2 entre mesures in situ et à distanceOne of the conclusions of the last IPCC reports is that the role of the stratosphere in the current climate change is not weil known. Consequently, stratospheric studies must continue. Solar occultation and in situ measurements are weil suited to these studies but it is necessary to validate them. First, we have developed our inversion algorithm of the SAGE III transmissions and we have compared our products (vertical profiles of O3 and N02 concentrations and of aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC)) to those from the officiaI algorithm and from a third algorithm. Good agreements are obtained between these inversions for ail species. Then, we have compared our products to those from correlative validated measurements obtained by satellite and balloon borne instrument (SPIRALE). Except CEA, results are satisfying. However, the comparison with in situ measurements from SPIRALE obtained on the edge of the polar vortex exhibits a disagreement for NO2 proving that the solar occultation method are not weil suited for reactive species in complex dynamical situation. Once these validations carried out, we have studied the stratospheric intrusions of aerosols resulting from forest fires and we have shown that they lead to a strong increase in the number of particles. Finally, in an international framework, we have taken part in the validation of the instruments of the ACE mission (FTS, MAESTRO and Imager) with SAGE III and SPIRALE data. That enabled us to validate sorne products (O3 and NO2 from FTS and MAESTRO), to invalidate others (CEA from Imager) and to confirm the discrepancy for NO2 between in situ and remote measurements
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Utgof, Darja. "The Perception of Lexical Similarities Between L2 English and L3 Swedish." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15874.
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The present study investigates lexical similarity perceptions by students of Swedish as a foreign language (L3) with a good yet non-native proficiency in English (L2). The general theoretical framework is provided by studies in transfer of learning and its specific instance, transfer in language acquisition.
It is accepted as true that all previous linguistic knowledge is facilitative in developing proficiency in a new language. However, a frequently reported phenomenon is that students see similarities between two systems in a different way than linguists and theoreticians of education do. As a consequence, the full facilitative potential of transfer remains unused.
The present research seeks to shed light on the similarity perceptions with the focus on the comprehension of a written text. In order to elucidate students’ views, a form involving similarity judgements and multiple choice questions for formally similar items has been designed, drawing on real language use as provided by corpora. 123 forms have been distributed in 6 groups of international students, 4 of them studying Swedish at Level I and 2 studying at Level II.
The test items in the form vary in the degree of formal, semantic and functional similarity from very close cognates, to similar words belonging to different word classes, to items exhibiting category membership and/or being in subordinate/superordinate relation to each other, to deceptive cognates. The author proposes expected similarity ratings and compares them to the results obtained. The objective measure of formal similarity is provided by a string matching algorithm, Levenshtein distance.
The similarity judgements point at the fact that intermediate similarity values can be considered problematic. Similarity ratings between somewhat similar items are usually lower than could be expected. Besides, difference in grammatical meaning lowers similarity values significantly even if lexical meaning nearly coincides. Thus, the obtained results indicate that in order to utilize similarities to facilitate language learning, more attention should be paid to underlying similarities.
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i, chang yuan, and 張源鎰. "The Study of Safe Distance and Reaction for Traveling Vehicles." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42215902223653244626.
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碩士大葉大學
車輛工程學系碩士班
91
The application of new technologies of semi-conduct, computer, and communications on the transportation vehicle can improve the vehicle safety and accelerate the vehicle performance dramatically. And this vehicle can also communicate with all other information suppliers at any time. This is called the Intelligent Vehicle (IV). This research will study the dynamic safety of the vehicle when it is in driving situation. It will also accelerate the communications between ’’driver and vehicle’’ to increase the overall driving safety. There are two parts which will be carried out separately in this research. And then the results will be integrated to upgrade the vehicle dynamic safety. The separate parts are: (1)Driving Monitoring and Warning System： To monitor the vehicle situations (i.e. speeds, relative position with other vehicles,…) and judge the dynamic safety and give warning if necessary. In addition to the warning system, the research on audio control will also be studied to accelerate the communications between “driver and vehicle” to decrease the driver loading. (2)Vehicle Dynamic Control： As the vehicle is judged to be “in danger” and still there are no response from the driver, the computer will take over the control and react some responses to avoid the danger.
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Lin, Cheng-Ching, and 林澄清. "The Research of Safe Distance for Buildings Shrink from Slope on Hillside." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29320390938102985975.
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碩士中國文化大學
建築及都市計劃研究所碩士在職專班
91
In Taiwan, serious landslides, ground gliding, and earth flow often happen in the hillside areas, resulting in many deaths and great property loss. According to Shih-Chiao Chang’s report (1989) published in Case Studies of Geological Disasters of Building Sites in Slopeland (Part Ⅲ), serious damage took place most often when there is no reasonable distance between buildings and the hillside slope. Reports shows it amounted to more than 40% of the total damage cases. Though current regulations in The Special Chapter for Hillside Building in Building Technical Code has provided calculation formulas as indicated in No.262-1-2-2, No.264, No.265, etc., the results out of the caculation fomulas do not always correspond to those in real damage situations. Consequently, relative disaster reports are still heard. Besides, doubts and conflicts do exist among theoretical assumptions. As a result, this research finds it necessary to do further discussion on the problems mentioned above. First, literature review data is served as theoretical foundation for this research, including data collections of disaster types and reasons occurring in hillside areas, damage cases, and domestic and international regulations on safe distance for buildings shrinking away from slope. Second, in terms of the calculation formulas on the reasonable and safe distance for buildings shrinking away from slope, no theory or satisfying explanation exists currently in the field of soil mechanics or rock mechanics. Nevertheless, more complete theory appears on stability analyses of slope failure. For example, the fundamental theoretical assumption for No. 264-1-1 formula in The Special Chapter for Hillside Building in Building Technical Code is applied on the basis of effective stress analysis under the theory of soil resist shear strength. As a whole, the whole procedure is examined with the formal logic method, typical sampling and analysis－synthesis method. The third step is to evaluate the theoretical assumptions in domestic and international regulations and relevant essays so that further analyses and instance checks are examined to find out their reasonableness. Fourth, with the help of graphic model and disaster report data, this research makes modified formulas for Rule No.264 of The Special Chapter for Hillside Building in Building Technical Code in hope of avoiding conflicts among calculation formulas in current regulations. Relative references are as follows: theory of “slope stability analysis theory and method,” Japan’s “the base code of the danger area for scarp landslides,” “the rotational slide touch distance data of Shih-Chiao Chang’s empirical formulas,” Ritchie’s “the slope and rockfall behavior correlation diagram,”and “the actuality eikom data”and examples for “translational slide and toppling damage.” The last conclusion includes: explanations on the conflicts among current calculation formulas, on different applications between Rule No.262-1-2-2 and Rule No.264, and on the applicable disaster types for Rule No.264. This research urges the authorities concerned make further improvement on conflicts among regulations of safe distance between buildings and slopes and on the establishment of emergency measures.
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KUO, SHAO-WEN, and 郭紹汶. "Safe Distance Analysis Between Emergency Facilities and Demand Points via GIS - A case study in Taipei City." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2sd6gf.
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碩士輔仁大學
統計資訊學系應用統計碩士班
107
This study collected the fire, police, and ambulance datasets from the Taipei City Government Open Data. The three emergency facilities conditions were considered as follows: 5 minutes distance, peak time, population coverage. This work used Dijkstra's algorithm and MCLP for calculating distance and coverage. At the same time, through the above method, the new suggestion point is calculated and comparison the characteristics of different emergency facilities. Firstly, Compared with the current three types of facility locations. The number of the proposed method for the fire station is the same as the original one. For police stations, the proposed method is 94, fewer than the original station layout. For the ambulance, new stations are 66, fewer than the original station. In terms of population coverage, the current fire station is 1% higher than the new station, the new police station and the new ambulance point are 0.14% higher than the current coverage rate. The number of new stations is obviously lower and the coverage rate is not quite different. Under the premise, this study believes that the experimental results can be used as the consideration for setting relevant facility locations in the future to save social resources.
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Somega, Selamawit Adnew. "Views of women about accessibility of safe abortion care services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13064.
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Background: In many developing countries, maternal deaths occur mainly as a result of unsafe abortions, a situation reflecting the inaccessibility of safe abortion services in such countries. In Ethiopia, unsafe abortion accounts for 32% of maternal deaths and almost 60% of gynaecological admissions, and is one of the top ten causes of general hospital admissions.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the views of women about the accessibility of safe abortion services in governmental health centres.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive and non-experimental study using structured questionnaires was conducted. 342 women who had received abortion care services in governmental health centres participated.
Findings: 46.8% of the participants do not know about the penal code regarding safe abortion care. 52.9% of the participants viewed safe abortion care as inaccessible because there are various and competing factors which make abortion service to be viewed as accessible or inaccessible and these include distance to nearest health centre, the time it takes to receive the service, the cost of the service, and the lack of appropriate skills in the service providers.
Conclusion: An improvement in the accessibility of abortion services will prevent deaths resulting from unsafe abortionsHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Wu, Wei-ting, and 吳威廷. "A Photocover-type Distance Measurer with the Same Revolution." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16391019447407889821.
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碩士正修科技大學
機電工程研究所
95
The purpose of this study is to combine photo resistors and several integrated circuits with the computer programming to setup a unique measurement device which can calculate the vertical or horizontal distance between the target and the original point. The principle of the design is based on that the gravity force drives a mechanism to change the hidden area of the photo resistor when the device is rotated for pointing to a new target. The partial voltage distribution rule is applied for the potential difference and the analogy signal is transformed into the digital signal. The digital signal is transmitted to the computer by RS232 cable. Finally, the rotation angle is calculated and the vertical or horizontal distance is obtained by using the trigonometric function.
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Smith, Jessica Thern. "Always and never the same women's long-distance friendships during life course transitions /." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/751.
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"Examining Significant Differences of Gunshot Residue Patterns Using Same Make and Model of Firearms in Forensic Distance Determination Tests." East Tennessee State University, 2007. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1102107-105900/.
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Ward-Cox, Maxine. "A critical review of language errors in the writing of distance education students." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9270.
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‘A critical review of language errors in the writing of distance education students’ examines linguistic competence and investigates the language errors made by a heterogeneous group of 100 entry-level distance education university students with a view to improving their academic writing skills. The research follows a process of error identification and statistical analysis, and reviews intervention strategies based on the findings. Despite the continuing debates on the value of error correction, especially in relation to ‘World Englishes’, language accuracy remains a key factor in determining academic success. This is of particular concern in the South African multi-lingual context and in the light of the under-performance of South African students as evidenced in international comparative studies. The implications of the bimodal pattern of distribution in the review findings are discussed and pedagogically appropriate approaches and intervention strategies are suggested.English Studies
M.A. (TESOL (Teaching English to speakers of other languages))
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Chen, Wei-Ling, and 陳葦陵. "''Bad News Travel Fast'' or ''Rumor End with Sage?'' Effects of Negative Word of Mouth Type, Service Type and Temporal Distance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nza44g.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
104
When it comes to the effects of consumers’ negative word of mouth (NWOM), there could be two possible situations: “rumor end with Sage”or “bad news travel fast?” For companies, it costs a large amount of money to attract a new consumer. However, NWOM may easily frighten the consumers away. Thus, it has become an important issue to understand how NWOM(process and outcome-oriented) negatively affects consumers’ responses. The current research aims to investigate the effects of two types of NWOM under the moderating effects of service type and temporal distance. A 2 (NWOM type: process-oriented vs. outcome-oriented) 2 (service type: communal vs. exchange) 2 (temporal distance: distant future vs. near future) factorial design is conducted. The effects of NWOM on the participants are accessed through three dependent measures: Influence of sender’s WOM on receiver, strength of WOM and purchase intention. Results indicate that when consumers face a decision in distant future, process-oriented NWOM brings greater negative effects in the communal service; outcome-oriented NWOM has greater negative effects on them in the exchange service. On the other hand, when consumers face a decision in near future, outcome-oriented NWOM causes greater negative effects in the communal service and makes no difference with process-oriented NWOM in terms of negative effect when in the exchange service. The findings provide a further understanding about when each of the two NWOM types works when service type and temporal distance are considered.