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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safety circuits'
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1
Ouchet, Florent. "Analyse et amélioration de la robustesse des circuits asynchrones QDI." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680544.
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La conception de circuits intégrés asynchrones, notamment de circuits QDI (Quasi-Delay Insensitive), offrent la possibilité de disposer de circuits très robustes aux conditions environnementales (tension, température) ainsi qu'aux variations des procédés de fabrication. Ces bonnes propriétés sont dues à une conception ne comportant pas d'hypothèses temporelles à l'exception de la fourche isochrone --hypothèse finalement très faible. Ainsi, une variation de la tension se traduit par une réduction de la vitesse de fonctionnement sans pour autant altérer la fonctionnalité du circuit. Cette thèse étudie la robustesse des circuits asynchrones dans des environnements de fonctionnement très sévères susceptibles de mettre en défaut la correction fonctionnelle des circuits asynchrones QDI. Cette situation se présente par exemple quand les transitions des signaux sur les portes deviennent très lentes. Cette situation exceptionnelle peut-être directement provoquée par un environnement agressif (émission électromagnétique, particules à haute énergie, ...) ou par les effets du vieillissement du circuit intégré. Dans un contexte où le circuit est employé à des fins sécuritaires telles que les applications aéronautiques, spatiales ou médicales, il s'avère nécessaire de quantifier les limites de fonctionnement des circuits asynchrones et de trouver des moyens pour améliorer leur robustesse. Ce manuscrit propose une étude complète du comportement des circuits asynchrones et propose des techniques de conception pour en améliorer la robustesse. Les résultats obtenus ont été validés sur des technologies CMOS avancées de ST Microelectronics par des simulations analogiques d'une part, et avec l'aide d'un outil de preuve formelle développé à l'Université British Columbia au Canada d'autre part.
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Javvaji, Pavan Kumar. "STATISTICAL METHODS FOR CRITICAL PATHS SELECTION AND FAULT COVERAGE IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1664.
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With advances in technology, modern integrated circuits have higher complexities and reduced transistor sizing. In deep sub-micron, the parameter variation-control is difficult and component delays vary from one manufactured chip to another. Therefore, the delays are not discrete values but are a statistical quantity, and statistical evaluation methods have gained traction. Furthermore, fault injection based gate-level fault coverage is non-scalable and statistical estimation methods are preferred. This dissertation focuses on scalable statistical methods to select critical paths in the presence of process variations, and to improve the defect coverage for complex integrated circuits. In particular, we investigate the sensitization probability of a path by a test pattern under statistical delays. Next, we investigate test pattern generation for improving the sensitization probability of a path, selecting critical paths that yield high defect coverage, and scalable method to estimate fault coverage of complex designs using machine learning techniques.
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Sabouni, Imad. "Génération de modules dédiés aux circuits de communication de contrôle-commande : une étude de conception appliquée dans le cadre de la voiture sûre PROMETHEUS." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0143.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent l'implantation des protocoles de communication de niveau bas sur silicium. Cette approche tient compte des exigences de vitesse, de débit, de coût et de «versatilité» d'interfaces hôte dont témoignent les nouveaux protocoles et réseaux. Nous nous intéressons ici à la conception de circuits de communication destinés aux réseaux de contrôle-commande. Dans cette classe, les spécifications du protocole MAC présentent des ressemblances significatives; une architecture cible générique (paramétrable) peut alors être définie et utilisée comme modèle d'implantation. L'idée de la généricité d'une architecture conduit à l'emploi des méthodes de conception automatique. L'architecture cible se basant sur un ensemble de modules asynchrones interconnectés, nous avons appliqué la technique de génération de modules qui permet de produire ces différentes composantes à partir des paramètres du protocole à implanter. Les travaux de cette thèse ont été supportés par le projet européen PROMETHEUS/PRO-CHIP. Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous nous sommes intéressés par l'analyse des différents protocoles intra-véhicule existants, par la génération de circuits de communication destinés à ces protocoles et par la réalisation d'un réseau embarqué sur automobile conçu pour faire communiquer les équipements d'un système distribué de détection d'obstacles
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Plocek, Jaroslav. "Řízení jednoúčelového obráběcího stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232092.
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The master thesis treats the design of control system of special purpose machine tool. The first part analyzes and compares two possible variants of control system which use either a CNC control system Sinumerik or motion control system Simotion. Only the variant with the Simotion control system is subsequently examined in detail: its hardware configuration, the selection of components and partly also the software solution. The thesis further deals with the safety of the realized control system and of the whole machine. There are described general safety requirements of machinery based on harmonized European standards and their specific application in the design of safety functions and the safety circuits of solved machine tool.
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HIRATA, DANIEL M. "Estimativa da frequencia de danos ao nucleo devido a perda de refrigerante primario e bloqueio de canal de refrigeracao do reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN-CNEN/SP - APS nivel 1." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9483.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Shabalala, Sandile Caiphas. "School violence in the Umbumbulu Circuit." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1457.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2016Violence in schools is one of the most challenging issues facing educators, policy makers, learners, parents and the community in South Africa at large. Sometimes it occurs without educators and parents being aware of it and in most cases, learners specifically girls are reluctant to report their experiences of violence. Because the entire community is continually searching for ways to address this problem in schools, it is hoped that this study may offer some valuable insights. This study focuses on school violence in the Umbumbulu circuit affecting the safety and learning of learners. Educators are also affected to a great extent. Many factors were considered when investigating the problem of school violence. The problem was traced from the theorist’s perspectives and the factors related to the family, school and the community. An extensive literature review shows that the above-mentioned factors contributed to school violence. In order to support or reject the findings of the literature study, qualitative research was conducted. Empirical data from four high schools in the Umbumbulu circuit in Durban in the South region of KwaZulu Natal were collected by means of individual interviews. Thirty two educators were interviewed including principals and senior educators in order to determine whether violence is increasing or decreasing. The study was aimed at investigating the common types of violence and the nature thereof. The causes of violence including the triggers, all form an integral part of this investigation. The teacher experiences and responses to the interviews as part of the qualitative research revealed that a culture of violence existed in these schools, and that corporal punishment was still practised. Educators’ perceptions on school violence at their schools revealed that bullying persisted, especially when there was no teacher supervision. Deep anger from learners, tribal disputes and drugs were some of the factors that triggered violence in the Umbumbulu circuit. Based on these findings recommendations for the implementation of prevention programmes were made.
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Walpole, Mark Edward. "Intrinsically Safe (IS) Active Power Supplies." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15896/.
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Intrinsically safe (IS) active power supplies subjected to certain transient load conditions can deliver power to a circuit at significantly higher levels than indicated on their nameplate ratings. During a transient load such as an intermittent short-circuit, energy is transferred from the power supply to the short-circuit and an electrical arc may form when the short-circuit is applied or removed. This poses a spark ignition risk as energy is transferred from the arc to the surrounding atmosphere. Currently various International and Australian Standards define the performance requirements for IS electrical apparatus. A duly accredited laboratory is required to establish the intrinsic safety compliance of an apparatus with the Standards. It involves an assessment of the apparatus and may include testing. The assessment of the apparatus determines adequate segregation, separation, construction, and selection of components. The tests performed on the apparatus include a temperature rise test and in some cases, the sparking potential of the circuit is tested using the spark test apparatus (STA). Testing the sparking potential of active power supplies to establish compliance adds significantly to the time and costs involved in establishing compliance. A new alternative assessment method is proposed in this report to augment or replace the testing phase of the compliance certification process for active power supplies. The proposed alternative assessment method (PAAM) is derived from a determination of the steady-state and transient output characteristics of the active power supply under consideration. Parameters such as peak output current, time constant of peak current decay, and the output voltages at these times are measured from the circuit's output characteristics. These measurements can subsequently be used to derive the topology and component values of an equivalent circuit. The resulting equivalent circuit is then considered like a linear power supply and the sparking potential can be determined using existing assessment methods. This thesis investigates in detail the equivalent circuit of a number of direct current (DC) active power supplies whose transient output characteristics exhibit predominantly capacitive behaviour. The results of the PAAM using the equivalent circuit are then compared with results achieved using the current testing procedure with a STA. A small sample of active power supplies is used to generate data from which a relationship between the current testing procedure and the PAAM can be established. The PAAM developed in this research project can be used as a pre-compliance check by designers, manufacturers, or IS testing stations. A failure of this test would indicate that the active power supply's sparking energy is not low enough to be regarded as intrinsically safe. The PAAM requires fewer resources to establish a result than the STA. The benefits of a simplified spark ignition test would flow on from designers and manufacturers to end users.
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McCartney, Mark. "SRAM Reliability Improvement Using ECC and Circuit Techniques." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/531.
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Reliability is of the utmost importance for safety of electronic systems built for the automotive, industrial, and medical sectors. In these systems, the embedded memory is especially sensitive due to the large number of minimum-sized devices in the cell arrays. Memory failures which occur after the manufacture-time burnin testing phase are particularly difficult to address since redundancy allocation is no longer available and fault detection schemes currently used in industry generally focus on the cell array while leaving the peripheral logic vulnerable to faults. Even in the cell array, conventional error control coding (ECC) has been limited in its ability to detect and correct failures greater than a few bits, due to the high latency or area overhead of correction [43]. Consequently, improvements to conventional memory resilience techniques are of great importance to continued reliable operation and to counter the raw bit error rate of the memory arrays in future technologies at economically feasible design points [11, 36, 37, 53, 56, 70]. In this thesis we examine the landscape of design techniques for reliability, and introduce two novel contributions for improving reliability with low overhead. To address failures occurring in the cell array, we have implemented an erasurebased ECC scheme (EB-ECC) that can extend conventional ECC already used in memory to correct and detect multiple erroneous bits with low overhead. An important component of this scheme is the method for detecting erasures at runtime; we propose a novel ternary-output sense amplifier design which can reduce the risk of undetected read latency failures in small-swing bitline designs. While most study has focused on the static random access memory (SRAM) cell array, for high-reliability products, it is important to examine the effects of failures on the peripheral logic as well. We have designed a wordline assertion comparator (WLAC) which has lower area overhead in large cache designs than competing techniques in the literature to detect address decoder failure.
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Debusho, T. K. "Safety in semi-urban schools of limpopo Province :A case of Mankweng Circuit." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1963.
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Thesis (M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2017Safety in schools is not only a South African issue, but a global challenge too. The study focused on safety in semi-urban schools of Limpopo Province, Mankweng Circuit. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that affect learners’ safety and to propose ways in which safe schools could be created so that these become centres of learning and where effective teaching takes place. A qualitative approach was used in this study via the use of a purposive sampling method. The sample for this study consisted of 3 learners selected from each 3 different schools. Data was collected through three methods: interviews, observations and written documents. Semi-structured interviews were used to interview learners. The present researcher took five to ten minutes to observe the school before starting the interviews. Substance abuse policy, Minutes for sub-committee for safety and Incidents of violence were used as written documents. The data collected was explicated using step-by-step guide. The study found that some schools in Mankweng Circuit are not safe. Fighting, stabbing, and using drugs and dagga, teenage pregnancy and threats take place on school premises and some of the learners even brought drugs and weapons into school premises. Results also indicated there is a strong partnership between parents and law enforcement agencies for instance polices are working together in the provision of safety measures in schools. As part of the study recommendations, all discarded materials such as broken chairs, tables and blackboards are stored far away from the learners’ classes and gate.
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Ferreira, Diego Leandro 1984. "Segurança no circo = questão de prioridade = Circus safety: a priority issue." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275014.
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Orientador: Marco Antonio Coelho BortoletoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Embora o Circo seja uma arte secular, considerada por muitos como uma linguagem universal e com significativo reconhecimento popular, as análises sistemáticas e científicas deste fenômeno são recentes. Alguns aspectos deste tipo de atividade já encontram certa ressonância acadêmica, especialmente nos estudos históricos, sociais e estéticos. Contudo, as questões sobre os aspectos técnicos e de segurança ainda representam um objeto de pouco interesse para a ciência moderna. Neste cenário, o presente estudo teve por objetivo debater os conceitos de risco, acidente e segurança sob a perspectiva de diferentes profissionais circenses, visando ainda apontar alguns dos recursos tecnológicos e procedimentais disponíveis na atualidade que servem de parâmetros básicos de segurança para o desenvolvimento de uma "cultura de segurança" entre os profissionais e praticantes do circo. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos conceitos de risco, acidente e segurança, buscando um melhor entendimento a partir de perspectivas de diversas áreas de conhecimento. Este estudo teórico foi complementado por uma pesquisa de campo realizada junto a profissionais do circo, particularmente mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois montadores, dois professores e dois artistas, todos eles no mínimo com dez anos de experiência. Como resultado deste trabalho, observamos uma grande variedade de acidentes e suas consequências diretas e indiretas para o circo, condição que reforça nossa tese da importância de seguirmos investigando a segurança, para que receba o devido tratamento de todos os envolvidos. De modo ilustrativo, propomos alguns procedimentos, protocolos e medidas de segurança que visam sensibilizar todos os circenses para uma necessária e urgente mudança de atitude com relação à segurança, aproximando-nos paulatinamente da adoção de uma "cultura de segurança" no circo
Abstract: Although the Circus is a secular art, considered as a universal language and with popular significant recognition, the systematic and scientific analyzes about this phenomenon are recent. Some aspects about this kind of activity have already found a certain academic resonance, especially in history, social and esthetic studies. However, the issues concerning the techniques and safety aspects represent a subject which has been little interesting to the modern science. In this scenery, this study proposed the discussion about risk, accident and safety concepts according to different circus professionals' perspective, aiming even to show some of technological and procedural resources that are available nowadays, which are basic parameters of safety for the development of a safety culture among the circus professionals and performers. For that, we've done a bibliographical revision about the risk conception, accident and security, aiming a better understanding from different knowledge areas perspectives. This theoretical studying was complemented by a research done in loco (field research) and particularly through semi-structured interview with two riggers, two teachers and two artists, all of them with 10 years of experience at least. As a study result, we realized a great variability of accident and its direct and indirect consequences for circus, condition that supports our theory of the importance to study on the safety, to receive the right treatment from all involved people. In an illustrative way we suggested some safety procedures, protocols and actions which aim to sensitize all de circus professionals to the necessity and urgent changing of attitude related to the safety, approaching to gradual definitive adoption of a safety culture in circus
Mestrado
Educação Fisica e Sociedade
Mestre em Educação Física
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Hartono, Aryudha. "Microgrid Safety and Protection Strategies." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226593.
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One of the challenging issues with the Microgrid is that the bidirectional power flow providedby the distributed generator (DG) which modify the fault current level. Furthermore, theinverter based-renewable energy source (IB-RES) limits the total fault current contributionto the grid due to its thermal capability. Since Microgrid should be able to operate in gridconnectedand islanded mode, protection strategies are needed to solve this challenging issue.By only having IB-RES and battery storage system, the fault condition and normaloperation cannot be distinguished. Apart from fault clearing issue, there is a consideration tostudy the fault isolation in the Microgrid under the limited fault current provided by IB-RES.To have fault isolation capability, the intelligent electrical device (IED) is needed. The firststep is to find a method that can detect a fault under the fault level modification constraint.This thesis presents a zero and negative sequence current protection to detect a fault.However, to make it selective, this protection will be applied directionally. It is common thatthe distribution grid has unbalanced load operation, thus providing zero and negativesequence component in the grid. To apply the directional zero and negative sequence currentprotection, the unbalanced load flow is simulated to distinguish the fault and normaloperation under unbalanced load condition.Safety and regulation are discussed briefly in this thesis. It is important that each of theIB-RES has fault ride-through (FRT) capability that follows a regulation. However, thisregulation is expected to have a coordination with the proposed protection in the Microgridso the reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity can be achieved in grid-connected and islandedmode. This thesis shows the coordination between fuses, IED, and inverter FRT capability.After providing a protection strategy, the adaptability of the proposed protection isassessed regarding of Microgrid expansion. The result shows that by applying the schemeand following the grading margin requirement that is presented in this thesis, the Microgridexpansion will not disrupt the proposed protection coordination. Since it is known that thedistribution grid is expanding its load capacity and microgeneration in continuous basis, it isconvenient that the proposed protection in the IED is expected to be adaptable, means that ithas a fixed IED setting when the grid is expanded. The analysis is performed by electrical transient analysis program (ETAP) and MatlabSimulink. The short circuit analysis, sequence-of-operation, and unbalanced load flow aresimulated by ETAP, while the protection stability is simulated by Matlab Simulink.Ett problem som finns med microgrid är att de distribuerade produktionsgeneratorerna harett dubbelriktat effektflöde som modifierar felströmmen. Dessutom, inverterbaseradeförnyelsebara energikällor (IB-RES) begränsar det totala felströmsbidraget på grund av desstermiska kapacitet. Eftersom microgrids ska vara operativ vid både anslutning till externt nätsamt önätsdrift behövs skyddsstrategier för att kunna hantera fel, speciellt vid önätsdrift.Om endast IB-RES och batterilager används kan feldrift och normal drift inte särskiljas.Bortsätt från felhantering är det viktigt att studera felbortkoppling för microgrid underbegränsad felström som fås av IB-RES. För att kunna åstadkomma felbortkoppling behöveren IED (från engelskans Intelligent Electronic Device). Det första steget är att finna en metodför att kunna detektera fel under fel nivå modifiering. Denna avhandling tittar på att användanoll- och minusföljds ström sekvensskydd för att detektera fel. För att göra skyddet selektivtkommer det att titta på riktningen av effektflödet. I distributionsnät är det vanligt att haobalanserade laster vilket medför noll- och negativa sekvenskomponenter i nätet. För atttillämpa riktningsskydd för noll och negativ sekvens ström simuleras ett obalanserateffektflöde för att särskilja på feldrift och normal drift vid obalanserad last.Säkerhet och förordningar diskuteras kortfattat i denna avhandling. Det är viktigt att varjeIB-RES har en feltålighet som följer vissa förordningar. Denna förordning förväntassamordna det föreslagna skyddet i micronåt så att pålitlighet, selektivitet och känslighet kanåstadkommas vid nätanslutning och önätsdrift. Denna avhandling visar samordningen mellansäkringar, IED och feltåligheten för växelomriktare.Anpassningsförmågan för det föreslagna skyddet bedöms med avseende på expansion avmicrogrid. Resultatet visar att en expansion av ett microgrid inte kommer att störa denföreslagna samordningen om skyddsmetoden och tidsfördröjningskravet som presenteras idenna avhandling följs. Eftersom det är känt att distributionsnätet kommer att fortsätta ökasin lastkapacitet och mikrogenerering, är det lämpligt att skyddet förväntas varaanpassningsbart vilket innebär att det har en fast IED inställning när nätet expanderas.Analysen genomförs med mjukvarorna electrical transient analysis program (ETAP) ochMatlab Simulink. Kortslutningsanalysen, arbetssekvensen och obalanserad lastflödesimuleras av ETAP, medan skyddsstabiliteten simuleras av Matlab Simulink.
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ANGELO, GABRIEL. "Análise numérica da dinâmica do escoamento em circuitos de circulação natural." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10524.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Leidemer, Nathan. "Esquema para a tradução de aplicações entre as linguagens circus e safety critical java." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12039.
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At safety-critical, mission-critical and business-critical systems the high cost of failure
makes required the use of methods and techniques to ensure application reliability. In this
context, formal languages, as Circus or specific languages versions like Safety-Critical Java,
were created to facilitate the verification and validation of applications so consequently assisting
to increase the overall reliability. Despite of the reliability increase, the modeled systems in
formal languages can not be executed subsequently has to be implemented in a traditional programming
language. It is in this process of free translation where occur most mistakes that end
up not ensuring that the generated code conforms to the specification. Based on that premise,
this paper propose to expound a strategy of translation from models written in Circus language
to executable programs in SCJ language. Among the main objectives and contributions include
the creation of EBNFs of the two languages and the detailed description of the translation of all
elements between the two languages.Em sistemas críticos de segurança, missão ou negócios o alto custo das falhas faz com que sejam necessários o uso de métodos e técnicas para garantir a confiabilidade da aplicação. É neste contexto que foram criadas linguagens formais como o Circus ou versões específicas de linguagens como o Safety-Critical Java para facilitar a verificação e validação das aplicações criadas e aumentar consequentemente a confiabilidade geral da aplicação. Apesar de aumentar a confiabilidade, os sistemas modelados em linguagens formais não podem ser executados e então precisam ser implementados em uma linguagem de programação tradicional. É nesse processo de livre tradução do sistema especificado onde ocorrem a maioria dos erros que acabam por não garantir que o código gerado esteja de acordo com a especificação. Baseando-se nessa premissa o presente trabalho propõem-se a apresentar uma estratégia de tradução de modelos escritos na linguagem Circus para programas executáveis na linguagem SCJ. Entre os principais objetivos e contribuições do trabalho estão a criação das EBNFs das duas linguagens e a descrição detalhada da tradução de todos os elementos entre as duas linguagens.
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Osseiran, Adam. "Définition, étude et conception d'un microprocesseur autotestable spécifique : cobra." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320884.
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Description des différentes étapes de la conception d'un microprocesseur pour le contrôle des automatismes de sécurité, en particulier pour les systèmes de transport. Ce microprocesseur est autotestable, c'est-à-dire capable de détecter ses propres erreurs. La conception du circuit est basée sur les hypothèses de pannes au niveau analytique dans la technologie NMOS. Les blocs fonctionnels «Strongly Fault Secure» et les contrôleurs «Strongly Code Disjoint» sont à la base des circuits «Self-checking», dits autotestables. Le circuit COBRA démontre la faisabilité d'un microprocesseur autotestable. COBRA gère indépendamment 19 signaux différents, date des événements externes, mesure des fréquences, surveille 14 entrées logiques et possède 7 sorties indépendantes. Le programme d'application de COBRA est contenu dans une mémoire morte programmable externe de 16 Koctets adressés par 14 bits multiplexés sur le bus interne de 8 bits. COBRA contient également une liaison série, une mémoire à accès direct de 64 octets et 3 temporisateurs de 14 bits indépendants ainsi qu'une unité arithmétique et logique de 8 bits, COBRA exécute un jeu de 43 instructions
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Rivoal, Solène. "La Materia del pesce : structures, gestion et organisation des approvisionnements de Venise en produits de la mer au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0093.
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La thèse étudie les modalités d’approvisionnement de la ville de Venise en produits de la mer (poissons, crustacés et coquillages) au XVIIIe siècle. Il s'agit de comprendre un système qui concerne à la fois des acteurs, des pratiques, des espaces et des modes de gouvernement. L’analyse prend comme point de départ les espèces, puis leur exploitation, faisant du poisson une ressource alimentaire pour la ville. À Venise, l’ensemble des habitants, des patriciens aux membres du popolo les plus fragiles, consomme du poisson sous toutes ces formes. Cette consommation quotidienne a entraîné chez les acteurs impliqués dans ce système, pêcheurs, marchands et gouvernants, d’intenses réflexions autour de la propriété, de la gestion, de l’exploitation et de la protection des espèces. L’étude se situe ainsi à la croisée de plusieurs champs historiques (histoire environnementale, histoire sociale et histoire des institutions) et emprunte certaines de ses approches à l’histoire économique et à l’histoire urbaine. L’enjeu est donc de comprendre comment se crée et se négocie un système de gestion et d’exploitation d’une ressource, impliquant des savoirs politiques, des savoirs techniques et des usages particuliers élaborés dans des milieux lagunaires et maritimes. Cette interaction est en pleine évolution au XVIIIe siècle, à une période où les mécanismes marchands et économiques sont soumis à des évolutions de conception profondes. Les ressources de la mer n’échappent pas à ces questionnements et la materia del pesce, expression utilisée par les magistrats vénitiens, devient un espace de négociation entre les acteurs du système et les gouvernants dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècleThis study analyses how the city of Venice managed to supply its fish markets in the 18th century, an organization system that involved actors, practices, spaces, and government strategies. The analyze focuses initially on the fish, which means to start by specifying the specimens that were captured to assess the production rhythms. All the mentioned aspects defined the exploitation system of this product, which became a crucial food resource for the city. In Venice, everybody ate seafood in their everyday life, from nobles to popolani. Such a remarkable place of the fish as basic food resulted in intensive reflections by the government and by the actors involved in the markets (merchants, fishermen, or fishmongers). They were particularly concerned about the management, the exploitation, and also the protection of these resources. Therefore, this study is related to historiography in several manners: Environmental history, Social history, and the History of the institutions; and it uses some approaches from Urban history and Economical history as well.The aim of this research is to determine how a management system of a capital resource for the city could be created and negotiated, a complex plan that involved political knowledge, technical skills, and particular uses of the exploitation of the lagoon. This interaction between politics and technique evolved during the 18th century, a period in which the economic life changed deeply. The materia del pesce, an expression used by the Venetian government, became a subject of negotiation between the authorities and the fish market actors
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Noraz, Serge. "Application des circuits intégrés autotestables à la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333744.
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Les techniques utilisées pour la réalisation de systèmes électroniques destines au contrôle/commande d'applications critiques sont généralement basées sur le concept de la logique fail-safe conventionnelle. Bien qu'elles aient été largement éprouvées, ces techniques s'avèrent maintenant de plus en plus mal adaptées à la conception de systèmes de plus en plus complexes puisqu'elles font appel à des composants discrets spécifiques. C'est dans ce contexte que cette étude essaie d'évaluer la contribution des circuits intégrés autotestables, et plus spécialement les circuit self-checking (capables de détecter instantanément leurs propres erreurs), à la réalisation de systèmes intégrés à haute sureté de fonctionnement. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse se proposent d'élargir la théorie des systèmes fail-safe aux circuits intégrés combinatoires. Comme application, nous étudions la faisabilité d'une interface autotestable hors-ligne capable de transformer les données des circuits autotestables en-ligne (self-checking) en signaux surs adaptes au pilotage d'éléments électrons mécaniques. Cette interface autorise la réalisation de circuits Vlsi strongly fail-safe qui sont susceptibles, dans les années à venir, de tenir une place de premier ordre dans le domaine des automatismes intégrés de sécurité. Toutes les considérations pratiques pour la conception de ces circuits sont basées sur des hypothèses de pannes analytiques liées à la technologie utilisée, ici le CMOS
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Dibra, Donald [Verfasser]. "Single Pulse Safe Operating Area of Trench Power MOSFETs in Automotive Power Integrated Circuits / Donald Dibra." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018982922/34.
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Thomschutz, Hans Olaf Rutger. "Security in Packet-Switched Land Mobile Radio Backbone Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33591.
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Spurred by change in government regulations and to leverage lower-cost technology and services, many land mobile radio (LMR) operators have begun transitioning from circuit-switched to packet-switched backbone networks to handle their future communication needs. Due to the unique demands of packet-switched backbone networks for LMR, it may not be wise to carry over the previously implemented security methods used with circuit-switch systems or to treat an LMR backbone as a regular packet-switched network. This thesis investigates security in packet-switched LMR backbone networks to identify security issues in packet-switched LMR networks and provide possible solutions for them. Security solutions that are examined include different types of virtual private networks (VPNs), various encryption and keying procedures for safe communication, and logic behind how and where to implement security functions within the network. Specific schemes examined include IP Security (IPSec), OpenVPN, Virtual Tunnel (VTun), and Zebedee. I also present a quantitative analysis of the effects that the solutions have on packet-switched networks, in terms of link utilization, and on voice traffic, in terms of delay and delay jitter. In addition, I evaluate, in general terms, the additional cost or complexity that is introduced by the different security solutions.
Simulation with OPNET Modeler was used to evaluate how the various security schemes affect voice communication and network performance as a whole. Since OPNET Modeler does not provide models of security functions, the source code of the transceiver system models was modified to introduce additional overhead that is representative of the various security solutions. Through experimentation, simulation, and analysis of the security schemes considered, it was found that the most effective security scheme overall for a packet-switched LMR backbone network would either be IPSec or OpenVPN implemented at the base stations and end-hosts. Both security schemes provide strong encryption, flexibility, and are actively supported. However, if bandwidth is scarce and flexibility is less important, then a security solution with less overhead, such as VTun, should be considered. Thus, one has to balance performance with security to choose the most effective security solution for a particular application.Master of Science
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Boige, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation électrothermique compacte étendue du MOSFET SiC en régime extrême de fonctionnement incluant ses modes de défaillance : application à la conception d'une protection intégrée au plus proche du circuit de commande." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0084/document.
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Le défi de la transition vers une énergie sans carbone passe, aujourd’hui, par un recours systématique à l’énergie électrique avec au centre des échanges l’électronique de puissance. Pour être à la hauteur des enjeux, l'électronique de puissance nécessite des composants de plusen plus performants pour permettre un haut niveau d'intégration, une haute efficacité énergétique et un haut niveau de fiabilité. Aujourd’hui, le transistor de puissance, du type MOSFET, en carbure de silicium (SiC) est une technologie de rupture permettant de répondre aux enjeux d’intégration et d’efficacité par un faible niveau de perte et une vitesse de commutation élevée. Cependant, leur fiabilité non maitrisée et leur faible robustesse aux régimes extrêmes du type court-circuit répétitifs freinent aujourd’hui leur pénétration dans les applications industrielles. Dans cette thèse, une étude poussée du comportement en court-circuit d'un ensemble exhaustif de composants commerciaux, décrivant toutes les variantes structurelles et technologiques en jeu, a été menée sur un banc de test spécifique développé durant la thèse, afin de quantifier leur tenue au courtcircuit. Cette étude a mis en lumière des propriétés à la fois génériques et singulières aux semiconducteurs en SiC déclinés en version MOSFET tel qu’un courant de fuite dynamique de grille et un mode de défaillance par un court-circuit grille-source amenant, dans certaines conditions d'usage et pour certaines structures de MOSFET, à un auto-blocage drain-source. Une recherchesystématique de la compréhension physique des phénomènes observés a été menée par une approche mêlant analyse technologique interne des composants défaillants et modélisation électrothermique fine. Une modélisation électrothermique compacte étendue à la prise en compte des modes de défaillance a été établie et implémentée dans un logiciel de type circuit. Ce modèle a été confronté à de très nombreux résultats expérimentaux sur toutes les séquences temporelles décrivant un cycle de court-circuit jusqu'à la défaillance. Ce modèle offre un support d'analyse intéressant et aussi une aide à la conception des circuits de protection. Ainsi, à titre d'application, un driver doté d'une partie de traitement numérique a été conçu et validé en mode de détection de plusieurs scénarii de court-circuit mais aussi potentiellement pour la détection de la dégradation de la grille du composant de puissance. D’autres travaux plus exploratoires ont aussi été menés en partenariat avec l’Université de Nottingham afin d’étudier l'impact de régimes de court-circuit impulsionnels répétés sur le vieillissement de puces en parallèle présentant des dispersions. La propagation d'un premier mode de défaillance issu d'un composant "faible" a aussi été étudiée. Ce travail ouvre la voie à la conception de convertisseurs intrinsèquement sûrs et disponibles en tirant parti des propriétés atypiques et originales des semi-conducteurs en SiC et du MOSFET en particulierNowaday, the challenge of the transition to carbon-free energy involves a systematic use of electrical energy with power electronics at the heart of the exchanges. To meet the challenges, power electronics requires increasingly high-performance devices to provide a high level of integration, high efficiency and a high level of reliability. Today, the power transistor, of the MOSFET type, made of silicon carbide (SiC) is a breakthrough technology that allows us to meet the challenges of integration and efficiency through their low level of loss and high switching speed. However, their limited reliability and low robustness at extreme operating conditions such as repetitive short-circuits are now hindering their expansion in industrial applications. In this thesis, an in-depth study of the short-circuit behaviour of an exhaustive set of commercial devices, describing all the structural and technological variants involved, was carried out on a specific test bench developed during the thesis, in order to quantify their short-circuit resistance. This study highlighted both generic and singular properties of SiC semiconductors for every Mosfet version such as a dynamic gate leakage current and a failure mode by a short-circuit grid-source leading, under certain conditions of use and for certain Mosfet structures, to a self-blocking drain-source. A systematic research of the physical understanding of the observed mechanisms was carried out by an approach combining an internal technological analysis of the failed devices and a fine electrothermal modelling. A compact electrothermal modeling extended to failure mode consideration has been established and implemented in circuit software. This model was confronted with numerous experimental results describing a short-circuit cycle up to failure. This model offers an interesting analytical support and also helps the design of protection circuits. Thus, as an application, a driver equipped with a digital processing part has been designed and validated in detection mode for several short-circuit scenarios but also potentially for the detection of the degradation of the power component grid. Other more exploratory work has also been carried out in partnership with the University of Nottingham to study the impact of repeated pulse short-circuit regimes on the aging of parallel chips with dispersions. The propagation of a first failure mode from a "weak" device was also studied. This work paves the way for the design of intrinsically safe and available converters by taking advantage of the atypical and original properties of SiC semiconductors and Mosfet in particular
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Vrtělková, Hana. "Řízený laserový zdroj pro plašení ptactva." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442349.
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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou plašení ptáků a jejich humánního plašení pomocí laserů. Práce také pojednává o bezpečnosti laserů, problému řídicího obvodu laserových diod, kolimaci svazku a jeho rozšíření tak, aby výstupní výkon paprsku nepřekročil maximální hodnotu výstupního výkonu laseru třídy 2M.
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Schweitzer, Alexis. "Amélioration du niveau de sécurité des systèmes électroniques programmables par application du concept d'analyse de signature." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10034.
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Mise en oeuvre d'un analyseur de signature en ligne destiné à la sécurité des systèmes électroniques programmables. Présentation d'une méthodologie générale pour une utilisation optimale du modèle analyseur
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Amin, Alexandre. "La spectroscopie Raman appliquée au contrôle de qualité analytique libératoire et non-intrusif des préparations injectables cytotoxiques préparées à l'hôpital : évaluation et qualification opérationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS497.
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Le déploiement d’outils de Contrôle de Qualité Analytique (CQA) intégrés à la boucle de soins apparaît comme un fort contributeur à la sécurisation du circuit des médicaments cytotoxiques en milieu de soin. Les techniques analytiques actuellement disponibles ont en commun d’être intrusives, de détruire une fraction des solutions thérapeutiques, d’exposer les personnels et de générer une filière spécifique d’élimination de déchets toxiques. En regard, de ces éléments, l’analyse non intrusive par Spectroscopie Raman (SR) est particulièrement innovante et en capacité d’améliorer significativement le cahier des charges technique du CQA. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été de procéder à une qualification opérationnelle de la SR dans le contexte du CQA hospitalier. Une attention particulière a été portée à la praticabilité de la nouvelle solution technique par SR, à son impact sur la sécurité et sur la sûreté des personnes et des biens ainsi qu’en terme environnementalThe development of effective tools for the analytical quality control (AQC) of therapeutic objects (TO) appear to be a strong contributor to security of the cytotoxic drugs circuit in health care settings. Our goal is to ensure a high and stable quality in our pharmaceutical preparations for the benefit of patients and caregivers. Presently available analytical techniques have in common to be intrusive, destroying a fraction therapeutic solutions, exposing personal and generate specific toxic waste disposal. Compared to these, the non-intrusive analysis by Raman spectroscopy (RS) appears to us particularly innovative and has the capacity to significantly improve the specification of AQC technical specifications. The purpose of this work was to conduct an operational qualification of RS in the context of AQC. Special attention has been given to the feasibility of the new technical solution for SR, its impact on safety of persons and their working environment
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Lubaszewski, Marcelo Soares. "Le test unifié de cartes appliqué à la conception de systèmes fiables." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26862.
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Si on veut assurer de fawn efficace les tests de conception, de fabrication, de maintenance et le test accompli au cours de l'application pour les systemes electroniques, on est amend a integrer le test hors-ligne et le test en-ligne dans des circuits. Ensuite, pour que les systemes complexes tirent profit des deux types de tests, une telle unification doit etre &endue du niveau circuit aux niveaux carte et module. D'autre part, bien que rintegration des techniques de test hors-ligne et en-ligne fait qu'il est possible de concevoir des systemes pour toute application securitaire, le materiel ajoute pour assurer une haute siirete de fonctionnement fait que la fiabilite de ces systemes est reduite, car la probabilite d'occurrence de fautes augmente. Confront& a ces deux aspects antagoniques, cette these se fixe l'objectif de trouver un compromis entre la securite et la fiabilite de systemes electroniques complexes. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, on propose une solution aux problemes de test hors-ligne et de diagnostic qui se posent dans les &apes intermediaires de revolution vers les cartes 100% compatibles avec le standard IEEE 1149.1 pour le test "boundary scan". Une approche pour le BIST ("Built-In Self-Test") des circuits et connexions "boundary scan" illustre ensuite retape ultime du test hors-ligne de cartes. Puis, le schema UBIST ("Unified BIST") - integrant les techniques BIST et "self-checking" pour le test en-ligne de circuits, est combine au standard IEEE 1149.1, afin d'obtenir une strategie de conception en vue du test unifie de connexions et circuits montes sur des cartes et modules. Enfin, on propose un schema tolerant les fautes et base sur la duplication de ces modules securitaires qui assure la competitivite du systeme resultant du point de vue de la fiabilite, tout en gardant sa silrete inherente.On one hand, if the goal is to ensure that the design validation, the manufacturing and the maintenance testing, along with the concurrent error detection are efficiently performed in electronic systems, one is led to integrate the off-line and the on-line testing into circuits. Then, for complex systems to make profit of these two types of tests, such unification must be extended from the circuit to the board and module levels. On the other hand, although the unification of off-line and on-line testing techniques makes possible the design of systems suiting any safety application, the hardware added for increasing the application safety also decreases the system reliability, since the probability of occurrence of faults increases. Faced to these two antagonist aspects, this thesis aims at finding a compromise between the safety and the reliability of complex electronic systems. Thus, firstly we propose a solution to the off-line test and diagnosis problems found in the intermediate steps in the evolution towards boards which are 100% compliant with the IEEE standard 1149.1 for boundary scan testing. An approach for the BIST (Built-In Self-Test) of boundary scan circuits and interconnects then illustrates the ultimate step in the board off-line testing. Next, the UBIST (Unified BIST) scheme - merging BIST and self-checking capabilities for circuit on-line testing, is combined with the IEEE standard 1149.1, in order to obtain a design strategy for unifying the tests of interconnects and circuits populating boards and modules. Finally, we propose a fault-tolerant scheme based on the duplication of these kind of modules which ensures the competitivity of the resulting system in terms of reliability at the same time as preserving the inherent module safety.
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Aboelhassan, Mustafa Osman Elrayah. "Robustní řízení synchronního stroje s permanentními magnety a spínaným tokem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233605.
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Je jasné, že nejúspěšnější konstrukce zahrnuje postup vícefázového řízení, ve kterém každá fáze může být považována za samostatný modul. Provoz kterékoliv z jednotek musí mít minimální vliv na ostatní, a to tak, že v případě selhání jedné jednotky ostatní mohou být v provozu neovlivněny. Modulární řešení vyžaduje minimální elektrické, magnetické a tepelné ovlivnění mezi fázemi řízení (měniče). Synchronní stroje s pulzním tokem a permanentními magnety se jeví jako atraktivní typ stroje, jejíž přednostmi jsou vysoký kroutící moment, jednoduchá a robustní konstrukce rotoru a skutečnost, že permanentní magnety i cívky jsou umístěny společně na statoru. FS-PMSM jsou poměrně nové typy střídavého stroje stator-permanentní magnet, které představují významné přednosti na rozdíl od konvenčních rotorů - velký kroutící moment, vysoký točivý moment, v podstatě sinusové zpětné EMF křivky, zároveň kompaktní a robustní konstrukce díky umístění magnetů a vinutí kotvy na statoru. Srovnání výsledků mezi FS-PMSM a klasickými motory na povrchu upevněnými PM (SPM) se stejnými parametry ukazuje, že FS-PMSM vykazuje větší vzduchové mezery hustoty toku, vyšší točivý moment na ztráty v mědi, ale také vyšší pulzaci díky reluktančnímu momentu. Pro stroje buzené permanentními magnety se jedná o tradiční rozpor mezi požadavkem na vysoký kroutící moment pod základní rychlostí (oblast konstantního momentu) a provozem nad základní rychlostí (oblast konstantního výkonu), zejména pro aplikace v hybridních vozidlech. Je předložena nová topologie synchronního stroje s permanentními magnety a spínaným tokem odolného proti poruchám, která je schopná provozu během vinutí naprázdno a zkratovaného vinutí i poruchách měniče. Schéma je založeno na dvojitě vinutém motoru napájeném ze dvou oddělených vektorově řízených napěťových zdrojů. Vinutí jsou uspořádána takovým způsobem, aby tvořila dvě nezávislé a oddělené sady. Simulace a experimentální výzkum zpřesní výkon během obou scénářů jak za normálního provozu, tak za poruch včetně zkratových závad a ukáží robustnost pohonu za těchto podmínek. Tato práce byla publikována v deseti konferenčních příspěvcích, dvou časopisech a knižní kapitole, kde byly představeny jak topologie pohonu a aplikovaná řídící schémata, tak analýzy jeho schopnosti odolávat poruchám.
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Stujenske, Joseph Matthew. "Prefrontal-Amygdala Circuits Regulating Fear and Safety." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8V69JFQ.
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Switching between a state of fear and safety is a critical aspect of adaptive behavior. Aversive and non-aversive associations must be formed quickly and reliably but remain malleable as these associations change dynamically. When these associations become biased towards aversive associations by traumatic and stressful circumstances, as in PTSD, fear generalization and impaired fear extinction arise. These changes are associated with reduced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and enhanced activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). It has been hypothesized that the mPFC mediates top-down control of the BLA to signal safety. It has previously been demonstrated that synchronous activity within the mPFC-BLA circuit is strongly engaged during fear conditioning, but it is unknown how activity in this circuit changes to mediate aversive discrimination. We investigated how the mPFC and BLA cooperate to mediate successful discrimination between aversive and non-aversive stimuli both for learned and innately-valent associations. Extracellular elecrophysiological recordings were obtained simultaneously form the mPFC and BLA in mice during innate anxiety, fear discrimination, and fear extinction. Local field potentials were recorded in both structures along with single unit recordings from the BLA. We discovered that fear was associated with enhanced theta-frequency synchrony and theta-gamma coupling within the mPFC-BLA circuit. On the other hand, safety was associated with predominant mPFC-to-BLA directionality of synchronous information flow and enhanced fast gamma frequency activity in both structures. Interestingly, gamma oscillations in the BLA were strongly coupled to theta frequency activity arising in the mPFC. This data is consistent with entrainment of inhibitory circuits in the BLA by mPFC input to mediate safety.
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McGuire, Riley. "Circuits of desire: exploring queer spaces, public sex, and technologies of affiliation." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/24010.
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This project looks at the mutually imbricated relationship between space, sex, and technology in cultural output from the last fifteen years. Through an examination of sexual cruising cultures in Samuel R. Delany’s essays Times Square Red, Times Square Blue and John Cameron Mitchell’s film Shortbus, I unpack the ways in which technology is represented as a facilitator and barrier to the formation of spaces that foster queer sexual interactions. This thesis is interested in the ability of different technologies and spaces to promote the formation of heterogeneous relationships that cross categories of social difference—including race, class, and sexuality—following the HIV/AIDS crisis. Alongside an investigation of the potential of technologies of affiliation to support these kinds of interpersonal contacts, I argue that representations of technologically mediated intimacy are often limited to a hesitant ambivalence due to a cultural unease about the new types of non-normative relation offered by technology.
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(7046372), Shovan Maity. "Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication: From Bio-Physical Modeling to Broadband Circuits and HCI Applications." Thesis, 2019.
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Decades of scaling in semiconductor technology has resulted in a drastic reduction in the cost and size of unit computing. This has enabled computing capabilities in small form factor wearable and implantable devices. These devices communicate with each other to form a network around the body, commonly known as the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Radio wave transmission over air is the commonly used method of communication among these devices. However, the human body can be used as the communication medium by utilizing its electrical conductivity property. This has given rise to Human Body Communication (HBC), which provides higher energy efficiency and enhanced security compared to over the air radio wave communication enabling applications like remote health monitoring, secure authentication. In this thesis we characterize the human body channel characteristics at low frequencies, utilize the insight obtained from the channel characterization to build high energy-efficiency, interference-robust circuits and demonstrate the security and selectivity aspect of HBC through a Common Off the Shelf (COTS) component-based system. First, we characterize the response of the human body channel in the 10KHz1MHz frequency range with wearable transmitter/ receiver to study the feasibility of using it as a broadband communication channel. Voltage mode measurements with capacitive termination show almost at-band response in this frequency range, establishing the body as a broadband channel. The body channel response is also measured across different interaction scenario between two wearable devices and a wearable and a computer. A bio-physical model of the HBC channel is developed to explain the measurement results and the wide discrepancies found in previous studies.We analyze the safety aspect of different type of HBC by carrying out theoretical circuit and FEM based simulations. A study is carried out among multiple subjects to assess the effect of HBC on the vital parameters of a subject. A statistical analysis of the results shows no signicant change in the vital parameters before and during HBC transmission, validating the theoretical simulations showing >!000x safety margin compared to the established ICNIRP guidelines. Next, an HBC transceiver is built utilizing the wire-like, broadband human body channel to enable high energy efficiency. The transceiver also provides robustness to ambient interference picked up by the human body through integration followed by periodic sampling. The transceiver achieves 6.3pJ/bit energy effciency while operating at a maximum data rate of 30Mbps, while providing -30dB interference tolerant operation. Finally, a COTS based HBC prototype is developed, which utilizes low frequency operation to enable selective and physically secure communication strictly during touch for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) between two wearable devices for the rst time. A thorough study of the effect of different parameters such as environment, posture, subject variation, on the channel loss has also been characterized to build a robust HBC system working across different use cases. Applications such as secure authentication (e.g. opening a door, pairing a smart device) and information exchange (e.g. payment, image, medical data, personal profile transfer) through touch is demonstrated to show the impact of HBC in enabling new human-machine interaction modalities.
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Lin, Chenhsiang, and 林禎祥. "Innovative design of helicopter circuit breaker warning device with intrinsic safety technology." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r776r7.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
106
The purpose of this study is to investigate the innovative design of the emergency warning circuit breaker for helicopter maintenance and air crew operation. The research methods used in this study include literature analysis, intrinsic safety and the application of TRIZ methods. Firstly, clear, substitution, simplification, and intensification methods in theory of intrinsically safe are used to prevent negligence of maintenance operations and eliminate potential hazards to ensure the safety of personnel and crew members. And by using the technical contradictory matrix in TRIZ method, using the improvement and avoidance of deterioration parameters to find out the corresponding invention principles and to provide innovative design reference. The prototype of the design is drawn with the software. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The abnormality of the circuit breaker current will display the vision warning color light to notify the personnel and the crew that the system has signs of failure which can help reduce the perception of risk. 2. While mechanic and crew members are operating system, they can quickly locate faulty components because of the circuit breaker alarming system. This can help reduce mechanic and flight crew operation ignorance accidents. 3. Through the innovative design of the panel alarm device of the circuit breaker to reduce maintenance personnel's operation mistakes and improve the flight crew's awareness to helicopter faulty components during flight. This will be effectively increase operational safety and prevent potential accident.
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Wu, Wei-So, and 吳偉碩. "A Study on the Traffic Accident Causes & Safety Improvement of Tainan Circuit Expressway." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70759237763627532296.
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碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
89
Since its initial launch, Tainan Circuit Expressway has been reported of many traffic accidents. In addition to loss of human lives,large social cost also wasted , making it imperative to improve on the traffic safety and reduce the accident rate. Through accident data collection & analysis, this study employ regression analysis method in building an accident predication model to find out the primary accident causes of high accident location and then develop effective improvement proposal for the relevant policy-makers’ reference. The following conclusions are derived from the results of this study: 1. The accident prone sections on Tainan Circuit Expressway that require design improvement include: (1) junction of Tainan Circuit Expressway and South 133 which recorded high accident rates for running the red light, illegal left turn, not keeping a safe distance; (2) junction of Hsinshih and Hsinchi Expressways which recorded high accident rates for over speeding, not keeping a safety distance and inappropriate lane change; (3) section near Tainan E/W Interchange which recorded high accident rates for over speeding, protective guide rail crashes. 2. The difference in class of highway, expressway and the crossing junctions should not be too great. Where the class are of considerable difference, to reduce the danger of crossing, the two intersecting roadway should be separated in grade to prevent the accident rate. 3. The boundary points of a highway and an expressway should not have at-grade junction, as most pedestrians do not adhere to the relevant law, and often run such red lights that eventually resulted in accidents. If such junction can not be eliminated , additional one or two automatic traffic control signs should be facilitated at 2, 3 kilometers before the junction to remind traffic drivers of approaching a junction.
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Lee, Min-Chun, and 李敏存. "The Research on the Electricity Safety evaluation of Miniature Circuit Breaker Applied in Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v98yk2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系研究所
101
The advancement in living standards has made the daily more comfortable and brought more leisure items, such as large or highly power consuming household appliances, which also increase the electrical risks. The importance of life safety and value has exceeded the importance of property. When a fire occurs, the scene is often burnt severely, so that the cause of fire is often attributed to short circuit. Therefore, it is important is to know the relationship between electrical safety and fire, in order to determine whether the fire is caused by short circuit, how to improve the old electrical equipments, and improve the electrical safety. This study examines the protection switch based on the characteristics of household loading equipments and whether it can assume the protector well. Effective methods are proposed to avoid human and property losses, and can serve as reference for electrical technicians in the future. On the other hand, the findings can serve as a reference for electromechanical maintenance personnel to improve the present electrical equipments in service, so as to enhance the safety of the existing distribution equipments, and urge relevant units to amend regulations to guarantee electrical safety.
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Mapaya, Mabotseke Dina. "Management of safety concerns in rural primary schools of Maleboho West Circuit in Limpopo Province." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1454.
Full textAbstract:
MEd (Educational Management)Department of Educational Management
The aim of the study was to investigate management of safety concerns in rural primary schools of Maleboho West circuit in Capricorn District. In rural areas, management of safety at primary school level is not adequate. Safety issues such as the carrying of sharp objects to classrooms, lack of scholar patrols and security guards, vandalizing of school property, poor condition of school buildings do not receive special attention in order to secure quality teaching and learning. To achieve the above aim, the study employed the interpretive paradigm to understand safety concerns from participants’ perspectives. The study was guided by a comprehensive approach theory to school safety. The study population comprised principals, teachers, governance official, chairpersons of School Governing Bodies and security personnel in Maleboho West circuit. In line with the interpretive research paradigm, purposive sampling was used to choose 11 participants that formed the study sample. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. Data was analysed thematically. The results show that poor management of safety concerns is real and compromises the quality of teaching and learning. Amongst other measures, the study recommends enforcing discipline amongst learners and teachers; abolishment of pit toilets; availability of scholar patrols and security guards and ensuring the general monitoring of the safety of learners and school property.
NRF
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Teixeira, Flávia Sofia Lopes. "Circuitos curtos agroalimentares em Portugal: estudo de casos." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9205.
Full textAbstract:
Num mundo em constante mudança são muitos os desafios que hoje se colocam à segurança
alimentar. A escassez de recursos naturais, a alteração dos padrões de consumo e o
crescimento demográfico são ameaças que se colocam à sustentabilidade do sistema
alimentar. Paralelamente as doenças ditas ‘modernas’, decorrentes de escolhas nutricionais
inadequadas, são uma realidade nas sociedades atuais, sobretudo nos países dito
‘desenvolvidos’. A ‘alimentação’ é essencial às nossas vidas, e como tal, é uma questão-chave
nas estratégias de desenvolvimento do futuro.
Novos problemas requerem de novas respostas. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo explorar
quais as potencialidades dos circuitos curtos agroalimentares para a segurança alimentar e
processo de desenvolvimento rural. Para tal, fez-se um levantamento – a nível nacional - de
iniciativas que elegem o ‘cabaz agroalimentar’ como meio de comercialização, debruçando-se
posteriormente sobre três casos em concreto: uma micro empresa, uma associação de
desenvolvimento local e uma cooperativa de consumidores. Nestes casos, realizaram-se três
entrevistas aos respetivos promotores.
Após a recolha e análise da informação percebe-se que os circuitos curtos agroalimentares
têm características que os distinguem dos ‘tradicionais’ circuitos de comercialização, sendo
passível retirar-se daí vantagens, quer para a promoção da segurança alimentar, quer para o
desenvolvimento rural dos territórios em que se inserem.In a constantly changing world there are plenty of challenges currently placed upon food security. The scarcity of natural resources, the change of consumption patterns and population growth are threats posed to the sustainability of the food system. Alongside, the 'modern' diseases, arising from inadequate nutritional choices, are a reality in today's societies, especially in the so called "developed" countries. 'Feeding' is essential to our lives, and as such, is a key issue in the development strategies for the future. New problems require new responses and this thesis aims to explore the potential of short food supply chain in food security and rural development. To this end, a national level inventory of initiatives that elect the 'agrifood basket' as a way of commercialization was made. Three cases were especially focused on: a micro company, an association of local development and a consumers cooperative. The promoters of these initiatives were interviewed. After analysis of the information gathered it was perceived that short food supply chain have characteristics that distinguish them from 'traditional' marketing channels, with benefits for the promotion of food security and for the rural development of territories in which they operate.
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(9708467), Siddhant Srinath Betrabet. "Data Acquisition and Processing Pipeline for E-Scooter Tracking Using 3D LIDAR and Multi-Camera Setup." Thesis, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Analyzing behaviors of objects on the road is a complex task that requires data from various sensors and their fusion to recreate movement of objects with a high degree of accuracy. A data collection and processing system are thus needed to track the objects accurately in order to make an accurate and clear map of the trajectories of objects relative to various coordinate frame(s) of interest in the map. Detection and tracking moving objects (DATMO) and Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are the tasks that needs to be achieved in conjunction to create a clear map of the road comprising of the moving and static objects.
These computational problems are commonly solved and used to aid scenario reconstruction for the objects of interest. The tracking of objects can be done in various ways, utilizing sensors such as monocular or stereo cameras, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors as well as Inertial Navigation systems (INS) systems. One relatively common method for solving DATMO and SLAM involves utilizing a 3D LIDAR with multiple monocular cameras in conjunction with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows for redundancies to maintain object classification and tracking with the help of sensor fusion in cases when sensor specific traditional algorithms prove to be ineffectual when either sensor falls short due to their limitations. The usage of the IMU and sensor fusion methods relatively eliminates the need for having an expensive INS rig. Fusion of these sensors allows for more effectual tracking to utilize the maximum potential of each sensor while allowing for methods to increase perceptional accuracy.
The focus of this thesis will be the dock-less e-scooter and the primary goal will be to track its movements effectively and accurately with respect to cars on the road and the world. Since it is relatively more common to observe a car on the road than e-scooters, we propose a data collection system that can be built on top of an e-scooter and an offline processing pipeline that can be used to collect data in order to understand the behaviors of the e-scooters themselves. In this thesis, we plan to explore a data collection system involving a 3D LIDAR sensor and multiple monocular cameras and an IMU on an e-scooter as well as an offline method for processing the data to generate data to aid scenario reconstruction.
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Wu, Gwo-Sheng, and 吳國聖. "Study of Performance of Implementing the Occupational Health and Safety Management System-in Printed Circuit Board Industry." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49123151338457599108.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災學程
94
For the past years Occupational Health and Safety Management System OHSAS 18001 has been increasingly recognized and caught attentions throughout the world, resulting in a widespreading implementation of the system among the industries. By November 2005, 239 enterprises have passed the certificate surveillance countrywide. In order to understand the implementation status of the OH&S management system in the printed circuit board (PCB) industry and to study the selection of the system performance indicators, cross examination of questionnaires gathered from both scholars and industries were made and concluded that motivation of implementing the OHSAS 18001 is mainly driven externally by to cope with either international or native customer requirements. Internally, it is outstood by to promote company image and to fulfill the top management’s determination. Key of its success comes from management’s commitments and supports when poor collaboration within the company personnel is the main cause of its failure. With respect to selection of the health and safety performance indicator, occupational incident statistic results, maturity of employee behavior safety, safety awareness, frequency of machinary failure and cumulative workhour with zero incident shall be considered first as an indicator as comes to condition aspect. For indicators in management aspect, all agree unanimously that management review, degree of commitment, achievement of policies and goals as well as degree of completion of the corrective and preventive measures are prominent. As to indicators in operation aspect, number of violation by contractors, self-inspection implementation and completion rate of corrective action, fire fighting system integrity, handling and managing of hazardous substances, properness of operating the dangerous machines, frequency of top management auditing, degree of traing program excution are more critical. By studying the performance indicators we could effectively identify barriers in implementing the OHSAS 18001 system, hoping to benefit the execution of the health and safety management system and its continuity, to establish the health and safety culture within the PCB industry, and to create opportunity of sustainability for the business.
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Femal, Mark Edward. "Non-uniform power distribution in data centers for safely overprovisioning circuit capacity and boosting throughput." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04062005-115526/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full text
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Noraz, Serge. "Application des circuits intégrés autotestables à la sureté de fonctionnement des systèmes." Phd thesis, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333744.
Full textAbstract:
aLes techniques utilisées pour la réalisation de systèmes électroniques destines au contrôle/commande d'applications critiques sont généralement basées sur le concept de la logique fail-safe conventionnelle. Bien qu'elles aient été largement éprouvées, ces techniques s'avèrent maintenant de plus en plus mal adaptées à la conception de systèmes de plus en plus complexes puisqu'elles font appel à des composants discrets spécifiques. C'est dans ce contexte que cette étude essaie d'évaluer la contribution des circuits intégrés autotestables, et plus spécialement les circuit self-checking (capables de détecter instantanément leurs propres erreurs), à la réalisation de systèmes intégrés à haute sureté de fonctionnement. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse se proposent d'élargir la théorie des systèmes fail-safe aux circuits intégrés combinatoires. Comme application, nous étudions la faisabilité d'une interface autotestable hors-ligne capable de transformer les données des circuits autotestables en-ligne (self-checking) en signaux surs adaptes au pilotage d'éléments électrons mécaniques. Cette interface autorise la réalisation de circuits Vlsi strongly fail-safe qui sont susceptibles, dans les années à venir, de tenir une place de premier ordre dans le domaine des automatismes intégrés de sécurité. Toutes les considérations pratiques pour la conception de ces circuits sont basées sur des hypothèses de pannes analytiques liées à la technologie utilisée, ici le CMOS
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Shimoga, Muddappa Vinay Kumar. "Electrochemical model based condition monitoring of a Li-ion battery using fuzzy logic." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5588.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)There is a strong urge for advanced diagnosis method, especially in high power battery packs and high energy density cell design applications, such as electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle segment, due to safety concerns. Accurate and robust diagnosis methods are required in order to optimize battery charge utilization and improve EV range. Battery faults cause significant model parameter variation affecting battery internal states and output. This work is focused on developing diagnosis method to reliably detect various faults inside lithium-ion cell using electrochemical model based observer and fuzzy logic algorithm, which is implementable in real-time. The internal states and outputs from battery plant model were compared against those from the electrochemical model based observer to generate the residuals. These residuals and states were further used in a fuzzy logic based residual evaluation algorithm in order to detect the battery faults. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology is able to detect various fault types including overcharge, over-discharge and aged battery quickly and reliably, thus providing an effective and accurate way of diagnosing li-ion battery faults.
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Wang, Renxiang. "Lithium Ion Battery Failure Detection Using Temperature Difference Between Internal Point and Surface." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2979.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for portable electronics due to high energy density, mature processing technology and reduced cost. However, their applications are somewhat limited by safety concerns. The lithium-ion battery users will take risks in burn or explosion which results from some internal components failure. So, a practical method is required urgently to find out the failures in early time. In this thesis, a new method based on temperature difference between internal point and surface (TDIS) of the battery is developed to detect the thermal failure especially the thermal runaway in early time. A lumped simple thermal model of a lithium-ion battery is developed based on TDIS. Heat transfer coefficients and heat capacity are determined from simultaneous measurements of the surface temperature and the internal temperature in cyclic constant current charging/discharging test. A look-up table of heating power in lithium ion battery is developed based on the lumped model and cyclic charging/discharging experimental results in normal operating condition. A failure detector is also built based on TDIS and reference heating power curve from the look-up table to detect aberrant heating power and bad parameters in transfer function of the lumped model. The TDIS method and TDIS detector is validated to be effective in thermal runaway detection in a thermal runway experiment. In the validation of thermal runway test, the system can find the abnormal heat generation before thermal runaway happens by detecting both abnormal heating power generation and parameter change in transfer function of thermal model of lithium ion batteries. The result of validation is compatible with the expectation of detector design. A simple and applicable detector is developed for lithium ion battery catastrophic failure detection.