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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Safety device'
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Doran, Neslihan Iclal 1977. "Evaluation of a digital communication device for railroad worker safety." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28909.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 65).
This thesis documents the testing of a prototype of a smartphone to be used by roadway workers and dispatchers that was based in a wireless data link service. The main purpose of using a smartphone in railroad communications is to eliminate errors due to radio and pronunciation deficiencies. Previous studies analyzed the communication environment of the dispatcher in order to address questions based upon data link becoming a means for sending and receiving information in railroad operations. These studies have examined what kind of information is appropriate for each medium (voice and visual), and by what criteria a dispatcher will select which communication medium. Building on these studies, this work presents a comparison between a radio and data link mediums for a long communication of a characteristic type: assignment of a form D. This thesis reports on the on site testing of the data link system which proved to be useful and efficient in certain aspects of railroad applications. The new system was faster and more effective than the radio communication when used to convey long messages such as filling out Form Ds. The radio communication was faster than the datalink for confirmation communications that only require yes/no answers. One reason for this difference appears to be the users' unfamiliarity with the device. The time to convey short messages could also be reduced after the users become more proficient with the new system. The document also includes an analysis of the regulatory challenges that the new system would bring. A list or recommendations for the new regulations are presented at the end of the report.
by Neslihan Iclal Doran.
S.M.
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Song, Qingyang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A system theoretic approach to design safety into medical device." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76510.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
The goal of this thesis is to investigate and demonstrate the application of a systems approach to medical device safety in China. Professor Leveson has developed an accident modeling framework called STAMP (Systems Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes.) Traditional accident models typically focus on component failure; in contrast, STAMP includes interactions between components as well as social, economic, and legal factors. In this thesis, the accident of the artificial heart at a level II hospital in China was used as a test case to study whether Causal Analysis based on STAMP (CAST) is used to outline the interactions between the different medical device system components, identify the safety control structure in place, and understand how this control structure failed to prevent artificial heart accident in a Chinese hospital. The analysis suggested that further changes might be necessary to protect the Chinese public and so, based on the results of the CAST, a new set of systemic recommendations was proposed.
by Qingyang Song.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Shuja, Sana. "Formal Verification Techniques for Safety Critical Medical Device Software Control." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25736.
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Safety-critical medical devices play an important role in improving patients health and
lifestyle. Faulty behaviors of such devices can cause harm or even death. Often these faulty
behaviors are caused due to bugs in software programs used for digital control of the device. We
present a formal veri cation methodology that can be used to check the correctness of object
code programs that implement the safety-critical control functions of these medical devices. Our
methodology is based on the theory of Well-Founded Equivalence Bisimulation (WEB) re nement,
where both formal speci cations and implementations are treated as transition systems. First, we
present formal speci cation model for the medical device. Second, we develop correctness proof
obligations that can be applied to validate object code programs used in these devices. Formal
methods are not widely employed for the veri cation of safety critical medical devices. However,
using our methodology we were able to bridge the gap between two very important phases of
software life cycle: speci cation and veri cation.
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Armsby, Pauline M. "An intelligent pedestrian device : social, psychological and other issues of feasibility." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1996. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9847/.
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An Intelligent Pedestrian Device (IPD) is a new concept in pedestrian safety. It is defined as a microprocessor based information device which detects the approach of oncoming vehicles and informs the pedestrian whether or not it is safe to cross. IPDs could be portable or fixed to a roadside station. They could help reduce pedestrian accidents, which cost £2681 million in the UK in 1994. This study aims to assess whether the concept is socially acceptable and what the design criteria might be. A study of social acceptance involved group interviews of 5-10 participants with 84 pedestrians in five categories: adults aged 18-60, elderly aged 65+, visually restricted, parents of children aged 5-9 and children aged 10-14. The results suggest that vulnerable pedestrians are more positive about the device than the more able-bodied. Theories that may help explain this are discussed and it is concluded that, with education and marketing, the IPD could gain a degree of social acceptance. Observation of more than 900 pedestrian crossing movements at four different sites showed a range of behaviours, and that people often take risks in order to reduce delay. IPDs will require pedestrians to change some of their behaviours, especially those that are risky. Legal acceptance will demand high levels of costly product research and development, and a portable device will not be technologically feasible until well into the next century. However, the wider social benefits of IPDs may be worth the costs. An outline of design criteria for basic and sophisticated portable IPDs is given, and alternative functions are suggested. It is recommended that further work concentrate on developing software and hardware for fixed modes of IPD. It is concluded that, ultimately, acceptance will probably depend on whether Government decides that the IPD has a place in the road environment of the future.
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Hinrichs, Saba. "A systems approach to improving patient safety through medical device purchasing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/238973.
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The purchase of medical devices involves engaging various stakeholders as well as balancing clinical, technical and financial requirements. Failure to consider these requirements can lead to wider consequences in the delivery of care. This study first builds a general knowledge base of current purchasing practice in a sample of NHS Trusts, which confirms the direction and guidance given by policy documents and literature as to the extent of the challenges faced by purchasing stakeholders. This then leads to an analysis to identify inefficiencies in the purchasing process, and how such practice can lead to risks in the delivery of care. These risks range from injury to individuals, impacts to the healthcare delivery service, and financial and litigation risks. Finally, a framework that highlights these potential risks in the life-cycle of medical devices in hospitals is presented. Key policy guidance has encouraged both researchers and implementers of healthcare services to approach patient safety from a systems perspective, acknowledging that medical device errors are not only directly related to device design, but to the design of the healthcare delivery service system in which the device operates. Little evidence exists of successfully applying systems approaches specifically to medical device purchasing practice. Medical device purchasing, because of its implications to patient safety on the one hand, and the uniqueness of the healthcare context, requires a unique approach. By demonstrating the influence of purchasing practice to service delivery and patient care, the thesis made is that taking a holistic systems approach is one method to improve device purchasing practice, and hence influence better care.
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Oriol, Hoyos Nicolas 1973. "Design and evaluation of a communications device to enhance railroad worker safety." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89281.
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Lindholm, Christin. "Software development and risk management in the safety critical medical device domain /." Lund : Department of Computer Science, Lund University, 2009. http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12683&postid=1304138.
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Guignard, Thibaut Xavier. "Implementation of a stable power assist device." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17059.
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Doyle, Marc. "Comprehending the Safety Paradox and Privacy Concerns with Medical Device Remote Patient Monitoring." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1090.
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Medical literature identifies a number of technology-driven improvements in disease management such as implantable medical devices (IMDs) that are a standard treatment for candidates with specific diseases. Among patients using implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD), for example, problems and issues are being discovered faster compared to patients without monitoring, improving safety. What is not known is why patients report not feeling safer, creating a safety paradox, and why patients identify privacy concerns in ICD monitoring.
There is a major gap in the literature regarding the factors that contribute to perceived safety and privacy in remote patient monitoring (RPM). To address this gap, the research goal of this study was to provide an interpretive account of the experience of RPM patients. This study investigated two research questions: 1) How did RPM recipients perceive safety concerns?, and 2) How did RPM recipients perceive privacy concerns? To address the research questions, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants to explore individual perceptions in rich detail using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Four themes were identified and described based on the analysis of the interviews that include — comfort with perceived risk, control over information, education, and security — emerged from the iterative review and data analysis.
Participants expressed comfort with perceived risk, however being scared and anxious were recurrent subordinate themes. The majority of participants expressed negative feelings as a result of an initial traumatic event related to their devices and lived in fear of being shocked in inopportune moments. Most of these concerns stem from lack of information and inadequate education. Uncertainties concerning treatment tends to be common, due to lack of feedback from ICD RPM status. Those who knew others with ICD RPM became worrisome after hearing about incidences of sudden cardiac death (SCD) when the device either failed or did not work adequately to save their friend’s life.
Participants also expressed cybersecurity concerns that their ICD might be hacked, maladjusted, manipulated with magnets, or turned off. They believed ICD RPM security was in place but inadequate as well as reported feeling a lack of control over information. Participants expressed wanting the right to be left alone and in most cases wanted to limit others’ access to their information, which in turn, created conflict within families and loved ones. Geolocation was a contentious node in this study, with most of participants reporting they did not want to be tracked under any circumstances.
This research was needed because few researchers have explored how people live and interact with these newer and more advanced devices. These findings have implications for practice relating to RPM safety and privacy such as identifying a gap between device companies, practitioners, and participants and provided directions for future research to discover better ways to live with ICD RPM and ICD shock.
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August, Sharon. "An objective approach to adapted input device prescription and customization /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59980.
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Microcomputer technology and the provision of alternative data entry devices offers numerous opportunities for physically disabled individuals to integrate into work and school settings. For therapists specializing in adapted access one of the main challenges involves prescribing and customizing suitable input devices since objective procedures to facilitate this process are lacking. The two papers presented in this thesis aimed to respond to this limitation. In the first paper the adapted access process was viewed within the context of a human factors model. A critical review of the literature relating specific human factors criteria (e.g. digit loading) to ergonomic solutions (e.g. input/output efficiency) substantiated clinical approaches to adapted device prescription and customization. Two case studies were used to illustrate the application of this approach to physically disabled individuals. The second paper investigated therapists' abilities to judge the mechanical characteristics of switches. Objective data characterizing the activation force-displacement trajectories for eight commonly used adapted switches were collected and compared to clinicians' subjective evaluation of the same characteristics. The major finding was that although therapists' subjective estimates of activation force and displacement were reasonably good there were specific areas of weakness that should be rectified with quantitative, objective data. It is anticipated that these two papers will enhance the application of microcomputer usage for physically disabled individuals.
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Pather, Shanthan. "Design of a safety device to address the loading concerns of bone-anchored prostheses." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127334/1/Shanthan_Pather_Thesis.pdf.
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This project examined the recent implementation of bone-anchored prosthetic limbs, and the safety barriers preventing amputees from experiencing the benefits of the system. By following the Biodesign process, the project provided a novel solution to the problem of excessive loading on bone-anchored prosthetic systems. The design process ensured that the problem was first thoroughly defined in the research phase, by reviewing and understanding the loads subjected to the prostheses, before the invention and testing phases were undertaken. As a result, the project demonstrated the efficiency of the design process, aiming to maximise success in medical design.
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Smekal, David. "Safety with Mechanical Chest Compressions in CPR : Clinical studies with the LUCAS™ device." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204069.
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Chest compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation are of utmost importance although not without a risk. Many injuries are described but the incidence of these is hard to define due to methodological differences. It is strenuous to perform chest compressions and therefore mechanical chest compressions have been looked upon with interest. This thesis presents new insights on the panorama and incidence of injuries in modern CPR and a comparison of safety and efficacy between manual chest compressions and mechanical chest compressions with the LUCAS™ device. We also evaluated if computed tomography could be an aid in the detection of these injuries. Two pilot trials were conducted and one presented no difference in early survival with 26% and 31% having return of spontaneous circulation when comparing manual chest compressions with the LUCAS device in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The other revealed no difference in autopsy-detected injuries. A third multicentre autopsy trial revealed that in patients treated with manual chest compressions 78.3% had at least one injury and 63.9% had at least one rib fracture. The corresponding numbers for patients treated with the LUCAS device was 92.8% (p = 0.002) and 77.7% (p=0.022). Sternal fractures occurred in 54.2% and in 58.3% of the cases treated with manual chest compressions and the LUCAS device respectively (p = 0.556). The median number of rib fractures was 7 in the group receiving manual chest compressions and 6 in the group receiving chest compressions with the LUCAS device. In 31 cases a computed tomography was conducted prior to autopsy and we found a very strong correlation in the discrimination of patients with or without rib fractures (kappa=0.83). Mean difference between the two methods in detecting rib fractures was 0.16. The detection of other injuries did not have a strong correlation. In conclusion there is no difference in early survival between the two methods and mechanical chest compressions adds 14-15% more patients with rib fractures but the amount of rib fractures, sternal fractures and other injuries is equal. CT can aid but not replace autopsies in the detection of these injuries.
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Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar. "Safety of medical device users : a study of physiotherapists' practices, procedures and risk perception." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6360.
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Aims: To study practices and procedures with respect to electrotherapy in physiotherapy departments and to study physiotherapists’ perception of health risk, health consequences and protection of health from different risks including electromagnetic field emissions from electrotherapy devices. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three phases from June 2002 to December 2003. The first phase was an audit of the practices and procedures regarding electrotherapy in National Health Service physiotherapy departments (N = 46 including 7 departments in pilot study) located in 12 counties in the southeast and southwest of England including Greater London. The second phase comprised one observational visit to each of the same physiotherapy departments to characterise their occupational environment. The third phase was a questionnaire survey of 584 physiotherapists working in these departments. Variables concerned perception of health risk, health consequences and protection of health associated with different risk factors. Results: In the first two phases, the recruitment rate of the departments was 80.7% (46 out of 57) and response rate of those recruited was 100% (n=46). The response rate for the last phase of the study was 66.8% (390 out of 584). Results of the practices and procedures audit show that ultrasound was the most common form of electrotherapy while microwave diathermy was neither available nor used in these departments. Pulsed shortwave diathermy was used 4-5 days per week while continuous shortwave diathermy was used rarely. Electrotherapy was provided to up to 50% of patients per week in the departments. The observational visits to the departments revealed that there were metallic objects within close proximity of diathermy equipment and wooden treatment couches for treatment with PSWD and CSWD were rare. The risk perception survey showed that physiotherapists generally perceived a moderate health risk and health consequences (harm) from exposure to EMF emissions from electrotherapy devices. Protection from EMFs in physiotherapy departments was generally perceived as ‘usually’ possible. Conclusions: Physiotherapy departments report safe electrotherapy practices. Use of diathermy devices that use RF EMFs is declining. The key predictors of physiotherapists’ perception of health risk were perception of health consequences and vice versa. Gender was a significant predictor of the perception of health risks and health consequences. The main predictor of perception of protection against risk was the knowledge of environmental and health issues. Latent dimensions of perceptions of health risk, health consequences and protection from risk were identified and confirmed and their predictors were determined.
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Foe, Owono Guy. "Impact of EU Medical Device Directive on Medical Device Software." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/353.
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Directive 2007/47/EC of the European Parliament amending Medical Device Directive (MDD) provides medical device manufacturers with a compliance framework. However, the effects of the amendments to the MDD on competition in the U.S. medical device software industry are unknown. This study examined the impact of this directive on the competitiveness of U.S. medical device software companies, the safety and efficacy of medical device software, employee training, and recruitment. The conceptual framework for this study included 3 dimensions of medical device regulations: safety, performance, and reliability. The overall research design was a concurrent mixed method study using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The qualitative techniques involved case studies of 5 purposively selected companies. Data collection involved both surveys and interviews. The sample consisted of 56 employees within medical device firms with markets around the European regions. Qualitative data analysis consisted of descriptive thematic analysis along the study questions and hypotheses and summative evaluation. Quantitative data analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation to test the 4 hypotheses. The results suggested that the MDD has realigned medical device software manufacturing practices, and US medical device companies have gained global competitiveness in improving product safety and increasing sales revenue. Key recommendations to medical device manufacturers include adopting MDD 93/42/EEC, using model-based approaches, and being comprehensive in model use. Adopting the MDD will provide positive social change to patients, as human safety improves with better product quality while companies experience fewer product recalls.
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Taylor, Allison. "THE REDESIGNED VORTECONE: A MAINTENANCE-FREE WET SCRUBBER DEVICE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/48.
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Dust creates health and safety issues in mining and there are several different ways to reduce the amount of respirable dust created. Dust particles also affect the operation and efficiency of mining equipment. One device currently used to reduce dust in a coal mine is a flooded-bed dust scrubber. These type of scrubbers are found on continuous miners and are designed to capture dust particles close to the cutting head. However, the fibrous screens on the flooded-bed dust scrubber clog easily reducing both production and the quality and quantity of air miners are exposed too. The flooded-bed dust scrubber was designed in the 1980s and has not seen any significant changes since. A Vortecone is a wet scrubber system designed to capture small particles in the air and can easily replace the flooded-bed dust scrubber system on a continuous miner. The Vortecone was initially developed to capture over-sprayed paint particles and due to the capture ability was converted over into the mining industry. The first design of the Vortecone had two outlets and a large pressure drop across the system. The Vortecone was redesigned to have one outlet in order to increase confinement time of particles and thus increase the capture abilities. Using CFD analysis and laboratory testing, the redesigned Vortecone has been proven to have a lower resistance than the original design as well as the currently used convention screens. The Vortecone also proved to have a high capture efficiency at high airflows. This maintenance-free wet scrubber device requires much less maintenance than a conventional screen and thus can be used continually without interrupting production. The Vortecone has been designed so it can easily be mounted onto a continuous miner in place of the currently used scrubbers.
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Gibbons, Stephanie Annie. "Development of a safety system and contaminant quantification methods for use within a bioartificial liver device." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040316/.
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The prognosis for patients with acute liver failure is poor, as such a novel method for the treatment of these patients is urgently required. The Liver Group bioartificial liver (BAL) has been developed to meet this need. The BAL consists of an extracorporeal circuit, in which the patient’s plasma is processed through an alginate-encapsulated HepG2 cellular biomass. These cells synthesise proteins and perform a detoxification function, replacing that of the patient’s own liver. The aim of this PhD thesis was to characterise a filtration system for incorporation within the BAL, enabling regulatory requirements for use in patients to be met. Specifically, the system was to remove potential contaminants originating from the biomass, such as cell debris and DNA. The filtration system was to also be assessed for the removal of endotoxin, originating from the patient as a cofactor of their liver failure, to aid the patient’s recovery. This thesis led to the development of a protocol for the incorporation of a filtration system into the BAL. Assays for the detection of DNA and endotoxin within human plasma samples were successfully optimised for use both in vitro and in vivo. These assays enabled the detection of DNA and endotoxin at a lower level concentration of 0.1 ng/μl and 1 EU/ml, respectively, facilitating characterisation of the safety system to sufficient sensitivity limits required to meet regulatory guidelines. DNA, endotoxin and particles were consistently removed from plasma samples by the filtration system, whilst beneficial components of the plasma such as albumin and fibrinogen, native to the patient or produced by the biomass, were maintained. To conclude, this thesis demonstrates that the filtration system was able to remove potential BAL-originating contaminants, meeting regulatory guidelines to enable its use in patients. The filtration system also demonstrated endotoxin removal capacity, providing an additional functional element of this system.
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Ritsema, Marcel, and Florent Meijer. "Development of a universal mobile caravan lifting device : A methodical development and design process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45229.
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The customer currently lifts caravans with an ordinary car jack in combination with a beam and a tractor. The customer wants to have a device which grants more safety and stability. The task is executed by two international students. In order to develop a new design, a methodical design process is used. This process does not contain all steps of a product development process and in consists in this case of four steps. The outcome of this product development process is a device which meets the technical requirements and which is validated by a computer simulation. The device is safe to use and stable. Besides, the device is mobile, thus storable, and adjustable, as the customer requested. Lastly, the students made some recommendations for using the device.
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Ita, Meagan Eleanor. "Comparison of Q3s Anthropomorphic Test Device Biomechanical Responses to Pediatric Volunteers." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397486884.
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Sonklin, Kachane. "Studies of communication and positioning performance of connected vehicles for safety applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207089/1/Kachane_Sonklin_Thesis.pdf.
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Connected vehicles for safety applications play a significant role on reduction of the risks of road accidents. However, the performance of communication and positioning approaches is a major concern. This thesis establishes a connectivity framework based on publish-subscribe architecture for high-timeliness vehicle-to-vehicle data exchanges and determines the performance requirements for precise vehicle positioning for various safety use cases. Extensive experimental results demonstrated the performance benefits of the communication and positioning solutions for vehicle safety applications.
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Žiak, Martin. "Řízení balícího stroje s použitím Safety PLC." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316203.
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This thesis deals with a technology of continuous packaging machine in the beginning from the point of risk assessment and design of necessary measures to reduce the risk as much as it is possible. Here the HRN method was used to quantify every risk factor. Next part documents the implementation of the safety measures and the realization of the safety circuits by using Simatic S7–1500F safety PLC and Shared device functionality. Safety function which is realized in the Sinamics S120 drive is Safe Stop 1. Next, it describes the drive dimensioning and the principle of the drive control. Simotion PLC is discussed in more details and then is used as a motion control master. An approach to the configuration of camming synchronous operation is dealt with in details. Cam design and their realization is documented, too. The thesis also demonstrates the state manager that was implemented in the user program and which is used according to the concept of OMAC state manager. In the end a simple HMI for packaging machine control is described.
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Rangnekar, Rohit Dilip. "Remote Access and Service Discovery for a Vehicular Public Safety Cognitive Radio." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34065.
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The Virginia Tech Center for Wireless Telecommunicationsâ (CWT) Public Safety Cognitive Radio (PSCR) addresses the radio interoperability issues that plague many of the existing public safety radios â disparate frequency bands, incompatible modulation schemes and lack of active channel detection features. The PSCR allows the operator to scan for active channels, classify the detected channels, connect to any of the recognized waveforms and begin analog audio communication as well as bridge two incompatible waveforms together.
The PSCR, although very useful, unfortunately is not portable enough to be used by public safety officials. The power requirement, processing requirement and equipment is respectively large, hungry and bulky. In this thesis, a possible solution to the portability problem is addressed by installing the PSCR in a public safety vehicle and using a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for remote access. The PDA allows the user to remotely scan, classify, talk, and bridge waveforms similar in operation to the PSCR. An ergonomically designed interface masks the channel and modulation selection procedure. This architecture can be extended to offer service to any remotely connected device.
In the second part of this thesis, the concept of remote access is extended to a wide-area wireless public safety network. A public safety network consisting of heterogeneous devices is proposed utilizing a small number of backbone nodes. The major research focus of this section is the algorithm for distributing services across the network. Service discovery is optimized to reduce the overhead of service messages and multiple service distribution techniques are utilized depending on the location of the services. Simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the service discovery protocol in terms of overhead, dissemination time and scalability. The proposed protocol is determined to be superior to the competition in the overhead and scalability tests.Master of Science
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Ben, Mosbah Aziza. "Context-aware mechanisms for device discovery optimization." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0018/document.
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La recherche dans les réseaux de communication cherche à améliorer la capacité et les performances des technologies de réseaux tout en satisfaisant à la fois la demande croissante d’instantanéité des accès et des échanges d’information. Par exemple, les travaux sur les systèmes sans-fil de cinquième génération (5G) visent à augmenter le débit de données et l’efficacité spectrale mais aussi à réduire la latence et la consommation d’énergie. Dans ce contexte, la mise en réseau basée sur la proximité est envisagée afin d’améliorer l’échange d’information entre périphériques proches, même dans le cas où aucune infrastructure n’est disponible. Une composante essentielle de ces solutions est la capacité de rapidement détecter (ou découvrir) les autres systèmes à proximité. Bien que l’utilisation de la découverte des systèmes et de services ne soit pas à proprement parler une nouveauté dans les réseaux, son adoption dans les réseaux sans-fil a augmenté l’importance et la pertinence de ce type de mécanismes. Par conséquence, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’optimiser les performances du processus de découverte en utilisant des mécanismes contextuels. Dans un premier temps, nous commençons par une description préliminaire des défis auxquels sont confrontés les utilisateurs du réseau et comment les solutions actuelles (c’est-à-dire Long Term Evolution (LTE)) ne peuvent pas couvrir leurs besoins. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons l’architecture utilisée pour évaluer nos propositions: l’architecture appareil-à-appareil (D2D) qui est définie par le programme de partenariat de troisième génération (3GPP) pour être utilisée dans les réseaux LTE. Nous mettrons tout particulièrement l’accent sur la description du processus de découverte tel qu’il est défini dans les spécifications. Finalement, nous présentons une étude analytique, avec un modèle de mise en oeuvre pour tester et valider les performances de la découverte directe. En utilisant cette analyse, nous proposons un algorithme de transmission adaptatif qui optimise le processus de découverte pour les topologies statiques. Cette contribution sert de base à des algorithmes étendus et améliorés ciblant premièrement des scénarios où la disponibilité de données historiques permet de prédire les fluctuations de la densité des utilisateurs, et deuxièmement des situations entièrement dynamiques sans infrastructure ou support externe, montrant comment les mécanismes contextuels peuvent fournir des performances presque optimales. Toutes ces contributions et ces analyses sont supportées et validées par des modèles de simulation et des expériences qui montrent l’importance et l’exactitude de nos propositions dans l’optimisation de la performance et de la fiabilité dans le cadre de la découverte directeResearch in communication networks aims to improve the capabilities and performance of network technologies, and to satisfy the ever increasing demand for instant information access and exchange. For example, work on Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless Systems aims to increase data rates and spectral efficiency while lowering latency and energy consumption. Within this context, proximity-based networking is being considered in order to improve the data sharing between nearby devices, regardless of the availability of additional infrastructure. An integral component of these solutions is the ability to quickly detect (or discover) other systems in the vicinity. While system and service discovery has been a concept used in networks for some time, its adoption by wireless networks has increased the importance and relevance of this type of mechanisms. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to optimize the performance of the discovery process by using context-aware mechanisms. First, we start by an introductory description of the challenges faced by network users and how current solutions (i.e. Long Term Evolution (LTE)) are unable to cover their needs. Second, we present the architecture we will use to evaluate our proposals, namely the device-to-device (D2D) architecture defined by the Third-Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) for use in LTE networks, with an emphasis on the description of the discovery process as defined in the standard specifications. Then, we present an analytical study, along with an implementation model to test and validate the performance of direct discovery. Building upon that analysis, we propose an adaptive transmission algorithm that optimizes the discovery process for static topologies. This contribution is used as the foundation for extended and enhanced algorithms targeting scenarios where the availability of historic data allows for predicting user density fluctuations, and fully dynamic situations without external infrastructure or support, showing how context-aware mechanisms can provide almost optimal performance. All these contributions and analysis are supported and validated by simulation models and experiments that showcase the importance and correctness of our proposals in the optimization of the performance and reliability in D2D direct discovery
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Södergren, Leo. "Designing an Aftermarket Head Up Display." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300883.
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Road safety is one of the world’s largest challenges. New technologies have made roads both safer, but also more dangerous as people to a greater extent drive distracted. The Swedish startup Consenz AB aims to solve this by creating a hardware/software system of connected Head Up Displays (HUDs). The purpose of this thesis isto create concepts of aftermarket HUDs that can help Consenz create their first hardware. More specifically this thesis focuses on creating a device that can fit into most vehicles and provide an appropriate image. The work followed a version of the Double diamond design process, with four parts. In the first two parts the challenge was assessed, and a set of requirements made. In the second half of the project concepts were generated and evaluated from the requirements made in the first half. The first part of the project was aimed at gathering knowledge about the topic, the market today and its potential customers, this was done by contacting various stakeholders, documenting car interiors, and reading research and regulations around the topic. The second part of the project evaluated available display technologies and together with the first part, resulted in a set of requirements for the second half of the project. The third part of the project used a number of concept generation methods to create several concepts. These concepts were evaluated and narrowed down to two concepts. In the final part of the project these concepts were refined and evaluated. The work resulted in two concepts, physical models of the concepts and a recommendation for which concept to continue with.Trafiksäkerhet är en av världens största utmaningar. Ny teknik har gjort vägar både säkrare men också farligare eftersom människor i större utsträckning kör distraherade. Svenska startupen Consenz AB vill lösa detta genom att skapa ett hårdvaru- / mjukvarusystem med anslutna Head Up Displays (HUD). Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa koncept för eftermarknads-HUD som kan hjälpa Consenz att skapa sin första hårdvara. Mer specifikt fokuserar projektet på att skapa en enhet som passar in i de flesta fordon och som ger en lämplig bild. Arbetet följde en version av Double Diamond design processen, med fyra delar. I de två första delarna utvärderades problemet och en uppsättning krav ställdes. Under andra halvan av projektet genererades och utvärderades koncept utifrån de krav som ställts under första två delarna. Den första delen av projektet samlade kunskap om utmaningen, marknaden idag och dess potentiella kunder, detta gjordes genom att kontakta olika stakeholders, dokumentera bilinteriörer och genom att studera texter kring området. Den andra delen av projektet utvärderade olika displayteknologier och tillsammans med den första delen resulterade det i flera krav. Den tredje delen av projektet använde olika konceptgenereringsmetoder för att skapa flera koncept. Dessa koncept utvärderades och begränsades till två koncept. I den sista delen av projektet förfinades och jämfördes dessa koncept. Arbetet resulterade i två koncept, fysiska modeller av koncepten och en rekommendation för vilket koncept att fortsätta med.
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RABENHORST, ARTHUR E. "Differences in Outcomes after Spinal Cord Stimulator Device Placement in the Ohio Board of Workers' Compensation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211464948.
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Mank, Slavomír. "Analýza rizik a bezpečnosti u optické kontrolní stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231056.
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This thesis discusses of safety of machinery from production of our company. It is an optical measuring station to check spin valve stroke of inlet valve of the high pressure fuel pump. It also deals with the analysis of the legislative situation in this field. After initially acquaintance, the block diagram creating and definition of the limits, was conducted risk analysis of machinery.
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McNamara, Nathan Patrick. "Using Decision Trees to Predict Intent to Use Passive Occupational Exoskeletons in Manufacturing Tasks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1605720844135027.
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Saikus, Christina Elena. "Towards mri-guided cardiovascular interventions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44912.
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Imaging guidance may allow minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical exposure and help reduce procedure risk and morbidity. The inherent vascular and soft-tissue contrast of MRI make it an appealing imaging modality to guide cardiovascular interventional procedures. Advances in real-time MRI have made MRI-guided procedures a realistic possibility. The MR environment, however, introduces additional challenges to the development of compatible, conspicuous and safe devices. The overall goal of this work was to enable selected MRI-guided cardiovascular interventional procedures with clearly visible MR devices. In the first part of this work, we developed actively visualized devices for three distinct MRI-guided interventional procedures and techniques to assess their signal performance. We then investigated factors influencing complex device safety in the MR environment and evaluated a technique to better determine and monitor potential device heating. This input contributed to the development of a system to further improve device safety with continual device monitoring and dynamic scanner feedback control. In the final part of this work, we demonstrated the utility of MRI guidance and actively visualized devices to enable traditional and complex cardiovascular access. Together these provide important elements to bring MRI-guided cardiovascular interventional procedures closer to clinical implementation.
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Borsoi, Sad Sandrini. "Coordenação de dispositivos de proteção contra surtos em baixa tensão: ênfase instalações nucleares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-27022018-082038/.
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O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia aplicável à coordenação de dispositivos de proteção contra surtos em sistemas de corrente alternada de baixa tensão. Esta tem como base a adequação dos níveis de isolamento e imunidade dos equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos e de energia absorvida pelos dispositivos de proteção. A principal motivação está relacionada aos critérios de segurança e confiabilidade requeridos por instalações nucleares, em que a coordenação da proteção contra surtos assume um importante papel. Uma metodologia interativa é implementada visando otimizar o processo de análise e especificação dos dispositivos de proteção, considerando a adoção de métodos analíticos e numéricos. Modelos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos, quando submetidos a surtos de tensão e corrente, além dos dispositivos de proteção contra surtos, são implementados no simulador de transitórios eletromagnéticos - ATP. Destacam-se nestes estudos, as análises de configurações e arranjos do sistema elétrico, assim como seus parâmetros, a influência destes na configuração ou arranjo ótimo dos dispositivos de proteção, além do atendimento aos requisitos das normas aplicáveis.The work presents a methodology regarding to low-voltage surge protective device coordination. This is based on adequacy of the isolation and immunity level of electrical and electronic equipment and the energy absorbed by the protective devices. The main motivation is related to the required nuclear plant reliability and safety criteria, in whose the surge protection coordination can assume an important role. An interactive methodology is carried out to optimize the analysis and the protection device specification, considering the adoption of analytical and numerical methods. Electrical and electronic equipment models, when submitted to voltage and current surges, in addition to surge protective devices, are implemented in the electromagnetic transient simulator - ATP. In these studies, the analysis of electrical system configurations and arrangements, as well as their parameters, and their influence on the configuration or optimum protective device arrangement, besides compliance with the requirements of applicable standards are highlighted.
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Соловйов, І. І. "Модернізація електричного устаткування підстанції 110/10 кВ." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76141.
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Виконано визначення електричних навантажень, параметрів і характеристик електропостачання об'єкта. Проведено розрахунок потужності силових трансформаторів, уставок і вимикаючої здібності апаратів захисту.
В результаті модернізації замінено силові трансформатори, масляні вимикачі на вакуумні; на стороні 110 кВ встановлено елегазові вимикачі і роз'єднувачі; встановлено заземлюючі дугогасильні реактори і ОПН, проведено розрахунок освітлювальної мережі розподільчого пристрою.
Проведено техніко-економічне обґрунтування доцільності реконструкції, а також розглянуті і проаналізовані заходи з охорони навколишнього середовища та заходи безпеки при оперативному обслуговуванні підстанції.
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Cavalheiro, André César Martins. "Sistema de controle para diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas em dispositivos de assistência ventricular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-19092014-102819/.
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Atualmente, sabe-se que grande parte dos acidentes graves ocorridos envolvendo uma diversidade de sistemas como plataformas de petróleo, aeronaves ou plantas de processos industriais, poderiam ser evitados caso possuíssem dispositivos de controle projetados especificamente para manter a segurança durante a ocorrência de falhas no funcionamento dos mesmos. Por outro lado, observam-se complicações em realizar o controle de sistemas remotos em que é possível não haver garantia de monitoração em tempo real, como o caso de sondas espaciais ou robôs de exploração. Neste contexto, podem-se encontrar ambas as dificuldades no controle do funcionamento de um Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV) que desempenha a função de auxiliar o bombeamento de sangue para o sistema circulatório de um paciente com insuficiência cardíaca. Este tipo de dispositivo, quando usado para terapia de destino, deve apresentar um elevado nível de segurança, pois, caso haja falha, o risco de morte é eminente. Por sua vez, o sistema deve apresentar um elevado índice de autonomia, já que as características comportamentais e fisiológicas de um paciente estão em constante mudança e afetam diretamente o modo como deve ocorrer a interação entre o DAV e o sistema cardiovascular do paciente. Sendo assim, há uma necessidade premente de aprimoramento do projeto de sistemas de controle de DAVs autônomos e seguros. A proposta do presente trabalho consiste em aplicar conceitos mecatrônicos para o projeto de um sistema de controle de DAVs e, considerando a natureza dos sinais que indicam a ocorrência de falhas, considerar a teoria de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SED), ferramentas de análise de risco e técnicas de diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas para a obtenção de modelos de controle considerando-se uma arquitetura modular e distribuída. Desta forma, foi desenvolvida uma arquitetura de controle supervisório para DAVs considerando características de variações de comportamento do sistema circulatório do paciente e do próprio DAV. Esta arquitetura de controle contempla o diagnóstico e tratamento de falhas desenvolvendo um método para a classificação de falhas e, de acordo com a severidade de cada uma delas é proposto um sistema de controle que atua na regeneração ou degeneração do DAV para um estado seguro, v observando, também, o cumprimento de normas médicas e técnicas de segurança. Para atingir este objetivo, propõe-se uma sistemática para o projeto do sistema de controle para DAVs considerando o aspecto multidisciplinar pertinente a este contexto. A base dessa sistemática consiste em realizar uma efetiva análise de risco do sistema utilizando a ferramenta de estudo HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). A partir do conhecimento obtido sobre o comportamento do sistema em situações críticas desenvolvem-se modelos formais utilizando rede Bayesiana e rede de Petri para o diagnóstico e tratamento das possíveis falhas. O comportamento do DAV controlado pode ser analisado de duas formas: (i) a partir de ensaios in vitro utilizando técnicas de análise por simulação e ferramentas computacionais adequadas, além de testes em simuladores cardiovasculares físicos que emulam interação com o sistema circulatório humano; (ii) a partir de ensaios in vivo em animais que poderão ser utilizados para simular modelos físicos de insuficiência cardíaca e permitir uma avaliação fidedigna dos efeitos do implante do DAV. O procedimento proposto foi aplicado para um caso real de desenvolvimento de um DAV envolvendo uma equipe de pesquisadores da Escola Politécnica da USP e do Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Assim, é possível obter-se um sistema de controle autônomo e seguro que atenda normas técnicas aderentes a esse assunto e os rigorosos requisitos de projeto impostos a essa classe de sistema.Nowadays, it is kwon that the several of severe disasters compromising a great variety of systems such as oil platforms, aircrafts or industrial plants, could have been avoided if these systems had controllers designed specifically to maintain the safety levels in case of fault. On the other side, many complications are observed on performing the control of remote systems, where there is no guarantee of real time monitoring of the system, as in space probes or reconnaissance robots. In this context, both obstacles can be found on the control of ventricular assist devices (VAD), which have the role of assisting to pump the blood into the patients circulatory system, in case of irregular heartbeat or heart failure. Devices such as the VAD must possess very high safety levels, as in case of fault, the consequences are severe and might result on the dead of the patient. Nevertheless, these systems must have high degree of autonomy, as the patients physiology and behavior are constantly changing, and these changes impact directly the interactions between the VAD and the patient´s cardiovascular system. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the design of safe and autonomous control systems for VADs. The present work proposes applying mechatronic concepts to the development of control systems for VADs, considering the nature of the fault indicating signals, as well as the Discrete Event Systems (DES) theory and through the application of tools for risk analysis, and fault diagnostic and treatment techniques aiming the development of control models based on modular and distributed architectures. Thereby, a VAD supervisory control architecture was developed, where the behavior variations of the patient´s circulatory system as well as of the VAD were taken into consideration. This control architecture features the diagnostic and treatment of faults, where methods for faults classification where developed, and according to the severity each fault is proposed a control system that performs the regeneration or degeneration of the VAD to a secure state and is according to medical standards and safety techniques. To achieve this goal is proposed a systematic for the design of the VAD control system considering the multidisciplinary context of the device. The foundation of this systematic is the performance of an effective risk analysis through the use of the toolset known vii as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Studies). From the knowledge acquired about the system behavior during critical conditions, formal models are developed employing Bayesian Networks and Petri Nets for the diagnostic and treatment of faults. The behavior of the controlled VAD can be analyzed in two possible ways: (i) from in vitro experiments, through the use of simulation analysis tools and proper computational tools, as well as tests on real cardiovascular simulators, where the interactions between the VAD and the human circulatory system can be emulated; (ii) from in vivo experiments, animals can be used to simulate physical models of irregular heartbeat or heart failure and allow reliable valuations of the VAD implant. The proposed procedure was applied on the VAD development, which was performed by a team of researchers from the Escola Politécnica da USP and from the Instituto Dante Pazanesse de Cardiologia. Thus, is possible to achieve an autonomous and safe control system that complies with the applicable technical standards, as well as the strict project requirements for this class of system.
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Дубиняк, Тарас Степанович. "Обґрунтування конструкцій та параметрів захисних механізмів гнучких гвинтових конвеєрів." Diss., Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулюя, 2018. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/24783.
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Дисертаційна робота присвячена обґрунтуванню конструкцій та параметрів гнучких гвинтових конвеєрів з механізмами захисту від перевантажень. Для вирішення поставлених задач проведено комплекс теоретичних та експериментальних досліджень процесів спрацювання пружно-запобіжних муфт та завантажувально-захисних насадок при перевантаженні гнучких гвинтових конвеєрів. Виведено аналітичні залежності для визначення конструктивних і кінематичних параметрів пружно-запобіжних муфт відносно моменту їх спрацювання. Встановлено вплив основних параметрів на динаміку спрацювання пружно-запобіжної муфти в режимі перевантаження шнека гнучкого гвинтового конвеєра. Досліджено вплив зазорів на силу контактної взаємодії в деталях приводу конвеєра і встановлено вплив конструктивних параметрів на динаміку механічної системи привода гвинтового конвеєра.
Для проведення експериментальних досліджень розроблено і виготовлено пружно-запобіжну муфту та завантажувально-захисну насадку гнучкого гвинтового конвеєра. Розроблено експериментальну установку та методику визначення взаємозв’язку між конструктивними і силовими параметрами пружно-запобіжної муфти гнучкого гвинтового конвеєра, а також її експлуатаційних характеристик. Встановлено, що пружно-запобіжна муфта забезпечує плавний запуск шнека під час пуску привода та зменшення динамічних навантажень на нього в процесі перенавантаження. Коефіцієнт динамічності досліджуваної муфти у порівнянні з варіантом традиційної муфти імпульсного типу є меншим в 1,21-1,29 рази.The dissertation is devoted to substantiation of structures and parameters of flexible screw conveyors with mechanisms of protection against overloads. To solve the problems, a complex of theoretical and experimental investigations of the processes of elastic-safety couplings and load-protection nozzles during overloading of flexible screw conveyors was carried out. The analytical dependences for determination of constructive and kinematic parameters of elastic-safety couplings concerning the moment of their operation are deduced. The influence of the basic parameters on the dynamics of operation of the elastic-safety coupling in the mode of overloading of the screw of the flexible screw conveyor is established. The influence of gaps on the force of contact interaction in the details of the conveyor drive is investigated and the influence of structural parameters on the dynamics of the mechanical system of the propeller conveyor drive is established. For carrying out of experimental researches an elastic-safety clutch and a loading and protective packing of a flexible screw conveyor are developed and made. An experimental installation and a method for determining the relationship between the structural and power parameters of the elastic-safety coupling of a flexible screw conveyor, as well as its operational characteristics, have been developed. It has been established that the elastic-safety coupling provides a smooth start of the auger during start-up of the drive and reduces the dynamic loads on it during overload, and the dynamics of the investigated coupling compared with the variant of the traditional coupling of the impulse type is smaller in 1,21-1,29 times.
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Fernandes, Jaquelinne Alves. "O medo da morte como dispositivo de segurança que atua sobre a vida e a normalização dos sujeitos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8211.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study that we propose is based on the Analysis of the Speech of French line, from a theoretical perspective of Michel Foucault. Our purpose was to verify how fear of death acts as a security device, today, in the security society, for the purpose of controlling and preserving life. Thinking about this, we assume that, according to Foucault (2008), it is only possible to live in society through power relations, which are certified by devices, among them the security device. We believe that fear of death was produced by the security society, constituting itself as a mechanism of power, that acts in society, acting on the subjects, and can be taken as a device. This way, the fear of death is a device in the security society and, in order for it to function properly and achieve the desired purpose, the preservation of life, it is necessary for society to be normalized. Therefore, fear of death is a security device that acts in the security society, regulated by norms, with the purpose of regulating life, through biopower. In the modern state, it is a social norm to use mechanisms and technologies that work to preserve life and reduce risks; and norms are responsible, also, for the objectification and subjectivation of the subjects. Thus, the constitution of the normal subject (that follows the norms) and of the abnormal subject (the one that does not follow the norms) occurs according to the norms, among them the one that determines that the life must be preserved. For our study, we chose as analysis corpus the films Apocalypse Now and Falling Down; and the sixth season of The Walking Dead to evidence the fear of death acting as a security device and its relation to the norm. Trough our analyzes we could establish that the subjects of the corpora are constituted as abnormal because they do not subjectivize themselves by the norm that determines that life should be preserved, nor do they constitute the functioning of the fear of death as a security device.
O estudo a que nos propusemos está pautado na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica de Michel Foucault. Nosso propósito era verificar a maneira como o medo da morte atua como dispositivo de segurança, na atualidade, na sociedade de segurança, com a finalidade de controlar e preservar a vida. Pensando nisso, presumimos que, conforme Foucault (2008), só é possível viver em sociedade por intermédio das relações de poder, que são certificadas por dispositivos, dentre eles o dispositivo de segurança. Acreditamos que o medo da morte foi produzido pela sociedade de segurança, constituindo-se como mecanismo de poder, que atua na sociedade, agindo sobre os sujeitos, podendo ser tomado como um dispositivo. Portando, o medo da morte é um dispositivo na sociedade de segurança e, para que opere adequadamente e atinja o propósito desejado, a preservação da vida, é necessário que a sociedade seja normatizada/normalizada. Portanto, o medo da morte é um dispositivo de segurança que atua, na sociedade de segurança, regulamentado por normas, com o intuito de regulamentar a vida, por meio do biopoder. No estado moderno, é uma norma social a utilização de mecanismos e tecnologias que atuem em favor da preservação da vida e da redução dos riscos; e as normas são responsáveis, também, pela objetivação e subjetivação dos sujeitos. Assim, a constituição do sujeito normal (que segue as normas) e do sujeito anormal (aquele que não segue as normas) ocorre em função das normas, dentre elas a que determina que a vida deve ser preservada. Para nosso estudo, escolhemos como corpora de análise os filmes Apocalypse Now e Um dia de fúria; e a sexta temporada de The Walking Dead para evidencia o medo da morte atuando como dispositivo de segurança e sua relação com a norma. Por meio de nossas análises pudemos constar que os sujeitos personagens dos corpora se constituem como anormais por não subjetivar-se pela norma que determina que a vida deve ser preservada e nem tão pouco constituem-se pelo funcionamento do medo da morte como dispositivo de segurança.
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Scordamaglio, Paulo Rogerio. "Avaliação da aplicabilidade de dispositivos de correção de defeitos do septo atrial no tratamento endoscópico de deiscências totais crônicas de coto brônquico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-02052016-082601/.
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As fístulas broncopleurais habitualmente decorrem de procedimentos cirúrgicos de ressecção pulmonar por diversas etiologias, com incidência na literatura de 0% a 28%, e mortalidade de 16% a 72%, sendo mais frequente em homens, e nos casos de pneumonectomia do que em lobectomia. As deiscências totais de coto brônquico apresentam indicação de tratamento cirúrgico, porém a condição clínica destes pacientes geralmente é precária com alto risco anestésico e cirúrgico. Os tratamentos endoscópicos de fístulas broncopleurais até então descritos foram utilizados apenas em fístulas parciais menores que 8 milímetros. Objetivo: Este estudo propõe-se a avaliar a viabilidade do tratamento endoscópico de fístulas totais de coto brônquico utilizando o dispositivo oclusor de defeitos septais cardíacos Occlutech-Fígulla®. Casuística e métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes com fistula broncopleural total secundária a ressecção pulmonar. Os pacientes foram submetidos inicialmente à broncoscopia para avaliação e medida da fístula e a uma cintilografia pulmonar de inalação para documentação do padrão inicial de vazamento. A colocação do dispositivo foi feita através da broncoscopia realizada sob sedo-analgesia com o paciente em ventilação espontânea com suplementação de oxigênio. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante 12 meses e avaliados quanto à cobertura do dispositivo por tecido cicatricial, fechamento do trajeto fistuloso e desenvolvimento de complicações relacionadas como o deslocamento do dispositivo, lesões de estruturas adjacentes e desenvolvimento de infecção. As análises descritivas dos dados quantitativos com distribuição normal foram apresentadas através das médias acompanhadas dos respectivos desvios padrão. Os dados sem distribuição normal foram apresentados através de suas medianas com os respectivos intervalos interquartil 25-75%. A análise inferencial utilizou a Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas para os dados com distribuição normal e os testes não-paramétricos Anova de Friedman para os dados que não apresentavam distribuição normal. Foi considerada uma probabilidade de erro do tipo I (alfa) de 0,05. Resultados: Foram selecionados nove pacientes com predomínio do sexo masculino (77,8%), com média de idade de 45 ±11,1 anos, com ressecções motivadas em sua maioria por sequelas de doença infecciosa (78%), com predomínio de pneumonectomia direita (66,6%), com fístulas que apresentavam diâmetro de 6 a 17 mm. Do grupo de 9 pacientes tratados tivemos três casos de fechamento completo, dois casos de fechamento parcial, duas falhas sendo uma por deslocamento e retirada do dispositivo e outra por retirada ao término do período de seguimento com permanência dos sintomas e dois óbitos não relacionados. Durante o período de acompanhamento não evidenciamos complicações infecciosas ou lesão de estruturas adjacentes relacionadas à permanência do dispositivo. Conclusão: O dispositivo para tratamento de defeitos do septo atrial pode ser uma alternativa no tratamento endoscópico de fístulas totais de coto brônquico, funcionando como tratamento definitivo em alguns casos e servindo como suporte nos pacientes que aguardam melhora das condições clínicas para uma intervenção cirúrgica tardia com menor risco. Não foram detectados eventos graves como infecções ou lesão vascular relacionados à presença do dispositivoBronchopleural fistulas are possible complications following lung resection procedures for different etiologies. The reported incidence is 0 % to 28%, and the related mortality is 16% to 72%. More frequently in men and pneumonectomy cases than lobectomy cases. Total dehiscence of the bronchial stump should be treated by surgical interventions; however, the clinical status of these patients is generally poor with high anesthetic and surgical risks. Endoscopic treatment of bronchopleural fistulas previously described were used only in 8mm or smaller partial fistulas. Objective To evaluate the endoscopic treatment of total bronchial stump fistulas using the Occlutech - Fígulla®, a device used to close cardiac septal defects. Patients and methods: We select patients with total bronchial stump fistula. Patients underwent bronchoscopy for local fistula evaluation and an inhalation lung scintigraphy for the initial leak parameter documentation. The placement of the device was made by bronchoscopy performed under sedation - analgesia with the patient in spontaneous ventilation with oxygen supplementation. Patients were followed for 12 months and assessed for scar tissue coverage device, fistula closure and development of related complications such as displacement device, adjacent structures lesions and infection. The descriptive analysis of quantitative data with normal distribution were presented through the mean along with the related standard deviations. Non-normal distribution data were presented by their medians with their respective interquartile ranges 25-75 %. The inferential analysis used Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance for data with normal distribution and non-parametric tests of Friedman ANOVA to data with nonnormal distribution. It was considered an error probability of a type I (alfa) 0.05. Results: This study evaluated nine patients with a males predominance (77.8% ) with mean age of 45 ± 11.1 years with resections for sequelae of infectious disease (78%), predominantly right pneumonectomy (66.6% ), with fistulas diameter ranging from 6 to 17 mm. The group of 9 patients had three cases of complete closure, two cases of partial closure, two failures one per displacement and removal of the device another for withdrawal at the end of follow-up with persistence of symptoms and two unrelated death. During the follow-up period was not detect complications such as infections or injury to adjacent structures related to the device. Conclusion: The device for treatment of atrial septal defects can be an alternative to the endoscopic treatment of total fistula bronchial stump, functioning as definitive treatment in some cases and serving as a support for patients awaiting improvement of clinical conditions for a later surgical intervention with lower risk. No severe events were detected as infections or vascular injury related to the device
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Merwaday, Arvind. "Stochastic Geometry Based Analysis of Capacity, Mobility and Energy Efficiency for Dense Heterogeneous Networks." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2480.
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In recent years, the increase in the population of mobile users and the advances in computational capabilities of mobile devices have led to an exponentially increasing traffic load on the wireless networks. This trend is foreseen to continue in the future due to the emerging applications such as cellular Internet of things (IoT) and machine type communications (MTC). Since the spectrum resources are limited, the only promising way to keep pace with the future demand is through aggressive spatial reuse of the available spectrum which can be realized in the networks through dense deployment of small cells. There are many challenges associated with such densely deployed heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The main challenges which are considered in this research work are capacity enhancement, velocity estimation of mobile users, and energy efficiency enhancement.
We consider different approaches for capacity enhancement of the network. In the first approach, using stochastic geometry we theoretically analyze time domain inter-cell interference coordination techniques in a two-tier HetNet and optimize the parameters to maximize the capacity of the network. In the second approach, we consider optimization of the locations of aerial bases stations carried by the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance the capacity of the network for public safety and emergency communications, in case of damaged network infrastructure. In the third approach, we introduce a subsidization scheme for the service providers through which the network capacity can be improved by using regulatory power of the government. Finally, we consider the approach of device-to-device communications and multi-hop transmissions for enhancing the capacity of a network.
Velocity estimation of high speed mobile users is important for effective mobility management in densely deployed small cell networks. In this research, we introduce two novel methods for the velocity estimation of mobile users: handover-count based velocity estimation, and sojourn time based velocity estimation. Using the tools from stochastic geometry and estimation theory, we theoretically analyze the accuracy of the two velocity estimation methods through Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs).
With the dense deployment of small cells, energy efficiency becomes crucial for the sustained operation of wireless networks. In this research, we jointly study the energy efficiency and the spectral efficiency in a two-tier HetNet. We optimize the parameters of inter-cell interference coordination technique and study the trade-offs between the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency of the HetNet.
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Murphy, Robert S. "The design of safety-critical medical infusion devices." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-design-of-safetycritical-medical-infusion-devices(1557c702-3087-43f9-a399-99a9ba65ae9b).html.
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Intravenous infusion devices - commonly known as infusion pumps - provide clinicians with mechanisms to automate the accurate dosing of potent fluid therapies to critically ill patients. In critical care applications, fluid dosing must be both accurate and safe since unwanted flow disturbance can cause physiological harm to the patient. This study consists of three discrete projects based on these vital themes of safe device design and accurate fluid delivery. The first project, commissioned by Medical Magnetics Ltd during the period 1998 onwards, proposed that the fail-safe design philosophy universally used in the design of infusion pumps, and implemented in embedded software, is lengthy and provides the manufacturer with difficulties in demonstrating the exhaustive fail-safe validation needed for an instrument to be released speedily for sale. An alternative and innovative strategy employing the design of hardware modules and using re-configurable VLSI, is proposed and shown to offer a significant reduction of the design and validation phase of development with consequent financial benefit to the manufacturer. The second project conducted as part of the Manukau Institute Research Programme for 2003 examined the manner in which dosing accuracy is assessed for infusion pumps. The International Standard used by clinicians to select apparatus suitable for treatment of 'critically-ill' patients is shown to be flawed and potentially misleading - a finding of international significance. An innovative mathematical simulation model is described that enables prediction of flow accuracy for various expected operating scenarios previously impossible to investigate using current laboratory measurement techniques. Use of this simulation model indicates that various mechanical design factors influencing system compliance and hence dosing accuracy have been previously ignored by designers and suggests that contemporary infusion pump designs are far from optimum. These findings offer an explanation for instances of dosing error previously reported in the clinical literature and are of international value. The third project of the study utilises the findings of, and is subsequent to, the second project. An innovative design is proposed for an infusion therapy device in which dosing accuracy may be maintained under operating conditions such as height change and patient venous pressure variation that cause unwanted errors in conventional equipment designs. This design is the subject of patent application, commercial exploitation and further development.
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Afroze, Tonima, and Palmqvist Mia Isaksson. "Patient Safety Regarding Medical Devices at ICUs in Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-132245.
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Accidents related to medical devices are a worldwide problem and result in many deaths each year. It affects patients, relatives, health care workers and society. Due to the complexity of intensive care units (ICUs), such accidents lead to particularly serious consequences. The aim of this thesis was to identify patient safety aspects at ICUs in public and private hospitals in Bangladesh, in order to provide a basis for improving the quality of performance of devices as well as personnel, care and cost effectiveness. The objectives were to a) compare the conditions of medical devices at ICUs in private and public hospitals, b) increase understanding of errors, risks and accidents related to medical devices, c) study reporting systems and communication between staff at ICUs and d) find ways to minimize hazards related to medical equipment to ensure effective and safe use of devices. Data was collected through interviews during field visits to six hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Interviews were held with the chiefs of the ICUs, physicians, nurses and technicians. It was noticed that the admission fees to the public hospitals were lower and had more limited resources. Differences between public and private hospitals could be seen in the aspects of finance, the existence of a Biomedical Engineering Department, maintenance and calibration of medical equipment, further education of staff, working environment and infection control. The reporting systems for adverse events and communication about patients’ conditions between coworkers were weak at all hospitals. The procurement process was lengthy at all hospitals. Access to disposable items was limited at several hospitals. The lower admission fee at the government hospitals results in the patients of these hospitals often having a lower income and status, thus less inclined to be critical of the received care. A number of suggestions have been proposed in order to improve the work in the ICU. These include a) following up rules made by the authorities to ensure they are implemented at each hospital, b) increasing documentation of malfunctioning devices and adverse events, c) nurses and physicians taking part in the procurement process, d) establishing a Biomedical Engineering Department at all hospitals, e) organizing workshops for health care workers, f) developing biomedical products adapted for multiple time use and with less need for calibration, g) providing more education for health care workers in infection control, management of specific devices, solutions to common technical problems, patient safety and user safety, for example using Information and Communication Technology tools (audio and audiovisual material) and discussion platforms as well as h) constructing an internet forum for consultation on the abovementioned subjects for technicians.Olyckor relaterade till medicinteknisk utrustning är ett globalt problem som leder till många dödsfall varje år. Det påverkar patienter, anhöriga, sjukvårdspersonal och samhället. Den komplexa miljön på intensivvårdsavdelningar gör att olyckorna leder till allvarliga konsekvenser. Uppsatsen syftade till att identifiera patientsäkerhetsaspekter på intensivvårdsavdelningar i Bangladesh för att skapa en grund för prestandaförbättring, både gällande utrustning och gällande personal. Det ska också öka vård- och konstandseffektiviteten. Målet uppnåddes genom att a) jämföra användandemiljön för medicinteknisk utrustning på intensivvårdsavdelningar på statliga och privata sjukhus, b) öka förståelsen för fel, risker och olyckor relaterade till medicinteknisk utrustning, c) studera rapporteringssystem samt kommunikation mellan personal på intensivvårdsavdelningar och d) hitta sätt att minimera faror relaterade till medicinteknisk utrustning för att försäkra en effektiv och säker användning av utrustningen. Data samlades in genom intervjuer under en fältstudie på sex sjukhus i Dhaka, Bangladesh. Intervjuer hölls med cheferna på intensivvårdsavdelningarna, läkare, sjuksköterskor och tekniker. Det upptäcktes att patientavgiften på de statliga sjukhusen var lägre och resurserna var mer begränsade. Skillnader mellan statliga och privata sjukhus kunde ses inom ekonomiska resurser, förekomsten av medicintekniskavdelning, underhåll och kalibrering av medicinteknisk utrustning, vidareutbildning av personal, arbetsmiljö och infektionskontroll. Rapporteringssystemen för olyckor samt kommunikationen om patienters tillstånd mellan medarbetare var bristfällig på alla sjukhus. Upphandlingsprocesserna av ny medicintekniskutrustning var lång på alla sjukhus. Tillgången på engångsartiklar var begränsad på flera utav sjukhusen. Den lägre avgiften på de statliga sjukhusen resulterar i att patienterna på dessa sjukhus ofta har lägre inkomst samt status i samhället och är därför mindre benägna att vara kritiska till den mottagna vården. Ett antal ändringar föreslogs för att förbättra arbetet på intensivvårdsavdelningarna. Dessa inkluderar att a) följa upp de av myndigheterna satta reglerna för att försäkra att de är implementerade på varje sjukhus, b) öka dokumentationen av icke fungerande utrustning tillika olyckor, c) sjuksköterskor och läkare skall delta i upphandlingsprocesserna, d) starta medicintekniska avdelningar på alla sjukhus, e) organisera workshops för vårdpersonal, f) utveckla medicintekniska produkter som är anpassade för att användas flera gånger och som behöver kalibreras mer sällan, g) ge mer utbildning till sjukvårdspersonal om infektionskontroll, hantering av specifika maskiner, lösningar till vanligt förekommande tekniska problem, patientsäkerhet och användarsäkerhet till exempel genom att använda information- och kommunikationsteknik-verktyg (audio och audiovisuellt material) och diskussionsplattformar samt h) konstruera ett internetforum där tekniker kan få konsultation angående ovannämnda ämnen.
To develop patient safety system to improve the safety and quality of patient care at the Intensive Care Units
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Куцогол, В. М. "Реконструкція системи електропостачання закладу середньої освіти." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/71232.
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Виконано визначення електричних навантажень, параметрів і характеристик електропостачання об'єкта. Розрахунок і перевірка перетину кабелів, уставок і відключаючої здатності апаратів захисту. В результаті проведення енергозберігаючих заходів виконано заміну електропроводки і апаратів захисту в силовій мережі та мережі електроосвітлення; проведено вибір: пристроїв захисного відключення в силовій мережі, розподільних щитків; здійснено розрахунок коридорного освітлення з використанням реле часу, розрахунок контуру заземлення приміщення. Проведено: техніко-економічне обґрунтування системи
коридорного освітлення з використанням реле часу і заміни ламп розжарення
компактними люмінесцентними лампами; розрахунок капіталовкладень при
заміні електропроводки і апаратів захисту; розрахунок капіталовкладень при
установці контуру заземлення. Проаналізовано небезпечні і шкідливі фактори, що діють на працівників і учнів школи. Проведено розрахунок контуру заземлення будівлі.
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Rogers, Paul. "Modelling the crashworthiness of specialist wheelchair devices." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-the-crashworthiness-of-specialist-wheelchair-devices(b789c8e3-0998-4560-a991-d53b968769bc).html.
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A small percentage of wheelchair users are unable to transfer from their wheelchair to a vehicle during transportation. Reasons for an occupant to remain in the wheelchair during transport may be the inability to safely transfer to a vehicle seat, the occupant's requirement of a specialist postural management wheelchair seating system or reliance on life support equipment attached to the wheelchair. The Rehabilitation Engineering Unit at Rookwood Hospital deal with people who require either a specialist postural support wheelchair seating system, life support equipment or both. To cater for such equipment the wheelchairs have to be modified to some degree and sometimes completely custom made. In performing modifications to the wheelchairs the Rehabilitation Engineering Unit take on the manufactures responsibilities, one of which is to ensure that the wheelchair is safe for use in transport. Standard crash tests for production wheelchairs are destructive so are impractical to use for bespoke wheelchair designs meaning that the Clinical Engineers at the Hospital have to rely on their best engineering judgement as to whether a wheelchair design is crash worthy or not. It was proposed that by using computer crash simulation techniques an informed judgement of the crashworthiness of the bespoke wheelchair designs could be attained. A series of computer models of occupied wheelchairs were created and validated against physical crash data performed on surrogate wheelchairs. These validated wheelchair computer models were then used to examine a series of different crash scenarios that provided the Clinical Engineers at Rookwood hospital with an informed process for virtually assessing the crashworthiness of their wheelchair designs. The validation results showed that the wheelchair crashworthiness could feasibly be predicted by computer simulation. This thesis concluded that attaching equipment to the wheelchair can increase both its horizontal displacement and the forces on the tiedowns securing the wheelchair to the vehicle chassis. Skewed impact simulations also highlighted the poor lateral restraint ability of the 4-point webbing tie-down system and also the importance of sufficient lateral support on the wheelchair for occupant protection.
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Mahel, Petr. "Bezpečnost zařízení pro upínání obrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382113.
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Master’s thesis is dealing with safety of workpiece clamping device. In the first part we are describing possibilities of clamping workpiece on different machines, legislative conditions in EU and CR in engineering devices, and general demands that refer to harmonized standards for different types of clamping devices. The main target of the thesis are the lists of requirements for hydraulic three-jaw chucks and proposal of two chosen safety applications. The first safety application refers to safety of clamping workpiece in hydraulic chuck. The second safety application is aimed at clamping of workpiece with the help of strap clamps. There is a description of the procedure of calculation of safe tightening moment during assembly of the nut.
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Higson, Gordon R. "The regulation of medical devices for public health and safety." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123856.
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Medical products of all kinds have to comply with regulations to satisfy the demand for public health and safety. Medicinal products (drugs) were the first medical products to be regulated in most countries and regulations for medical devices - generally derived from drug regulations - followed. This thesis reviews the development of safety regulation for medical devices from its relatively recent introduction in the 1960s to the present day. The emphasis is on the situation in countries of the European Community but events in these countries are placed in a world-wide context. Landmark events in this process - notably the US Medical Device Amendments of 1976 and the EC Medical Device Directive of 1994 - are analysed and compared. An examination of current regulations in the three major markets for medical devices: Europe, Japan and USA, leads to the identification of quality systems, product standards, effectiveness/performance and post-market controls as key factors in modern regulatory approaches. The emergence of these key factors illustrates the movement towards an engineering, rather than a pharmaceutical, approach to regulation and their place in current and emerging regulations world-wide is discussed. Manufacturers have long pressed for uniformity in national regulations to reduce the time and cost involved in obtaining market approval and their case has been largely accepted by the regulatory authorities. Harmonization in Europe has been achieved as part of the Single Market programme. The last decade has seen remarkable progress towards the further harmonizing of national and regional regulations. The outstanding difficulties, notably controversy over the need for "effectiveness" determination and relative roles of clinical and laboratory testing, are discussed and solutions proposed. The prospects for achieving global harmonization are examined and a possible future global system is described.
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Kourtellis, Achilleas. "Operational evaluation of advanced safety enhancement devices : rearview video system." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003252.
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Barbier, Thérèse. "Matériels et méthodes pour le développement de câbles compatibles IRM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0313.
Full textAbstract:
L’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) est une technique d’imagerie de référence pour réaliser des diagnostics médicaux. Pour des patients implantés avec des dispositifs médicaux actifs, l’IRM peut engendrer des risques qui doivent être étudiés et minimisés. En effet, ces dispositifs sont constitués en partie de matériaux conducteurs et/ou magnétiques qui interagissent avec l’environnement électromagnétique d’une IRM. Lorsque ces dispositifs ont des câbles, une des interactions les plus problématiques est l’induction d’énergie dans ses câbles qui peut entrainer des stimulations, des dysfonctionnements ou des brûlures. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de développer des outils pour étudier et quantifier ces interactions électromagnétiques d’une IRM sur un câble. Pour cela, des capteurs innovants compatibles IRM ont été développés pour mesurer la tension induite sur un câble, aux bornes de l’électronique d’entrée d’un dispositif médical actif. Des bancs de tests ont également été mis en place pour simuler les champs électromagnétiques d’une IRM. Le second objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir des câbles innovants qui réduisent au maximum ses interactions électromagnétiques avec une IRM. Nous avons réalisé un câble constitué d’un fil conducteur qui limite l’énergie induite par l’IRM grâce à son bobinage variable. Nous avons réalisé un deuxième câble avec un conducteur de fine épaisseur et des ruptures d’impédances sur sa longueurMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an established imaging technique for medical diagnostics but could expose patients with active medical devices to risks that need to be studied and minimized. In fact, these devices encompass conductive and/or magnetic materials which interact with the electromagnetic field of the MRI. When these devices contain leads, MRI induced energy within the lead is considered to be one of the most problematic interaction as it can lead to stimulations, malfunction or burns. The first goal of this thesis is to create tools to study and quantify the electromagnetic interactions between an MRI and a lead. This has led to the design of novel MRI compatible sensors that measure induced voltage within leads connected active medical device entry terminals. Experimental MRI set-ups were also developed to simulate the MRI’s electromagnetic field. The second goal of this thesis is to design new leads that are minimally affected by the MRI’s electromagnetic field. Two proofs of concept were achieved. On the one hand, a lead capable of reducing MRI induced energy thanks to its winding was made. On the second hand, a second lead with a thin conductor and impedance mismatches along its length was created
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Moustafa, Moustafa. "Fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16308.
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Motor vehicle accidents are statistically the major cause of accidental severe injuries for pregnant women and fetuses fatality. Volunteers, post mortem human surrogates, anthropomorphic crash test devices and computational occupant models are used to improve human safety in motor vehicle accidents. However, due to the ethical issues, pregnant women and their fetuses cannot be used as volunteers or post mortem human surrogates to investigate the effects of crashes on them. The only anthropomorphic test device representing pregnant women is very limited in design and lacks a fetus. There is no computational pregnant occupant model with a fetus other than 'Expecting'. This thesis focuses on understanding the risk of placental abruption for pregnant drivers involved in road accidents, hence assessing the risk to fetus fatality. An extensive review of existing models in general and pregnant women models in particular is reported. The time line of successive development of crash test dummies and their positive effect on automotive passive safety design are examined. 'Expecting', the computational pregnant occupant model with a finite element uterus and a multibody fetus, is used in this research to determine the strain levels in the uteroplacental interface. External factors, such as the effect of restraint systems and crash speeds are considered. Internal factors, such as the effect of placental location in the uterus, and the inclusion and exclusion of a fetus are investigated. The head of the multibody fetus is replaced with a deformable head model to investigate the effects of a deformable fetus head on strain levels. The computational pregnant driver model with a fetus offers a more realistic representation of the response to crash impact hence provides a useful tool to investigate fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. Seat belt, airbag and steering wheel interact directly with the pregnant abdomen and play an important role on fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. The results prove that the use of a three-point seat belt with the airbag offer the greatest protection to the fetus for frontal crash impacts. The model without a fetus underestimates the strain levels. The outcome of this research should assist automobile manufacturers to address the potential safety issues at the design level.
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Fältros, Jesper, Isak Alinger, and Bergen Axel von. "Safety risks with ZigBee smart devices : Identifying risks and countermeasures in ZigBee devices with an eavesdropping experiment." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49630.
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With ZigBee being the world’s leading IoT protocol, users are vulnerable to attacks on the wireless communication between ZigBee devices and the information that can be gained from them. For users to protect themselves from potential attacks they need to be aware of what information can be extracted and how it can be countered. Through an eavesdropping experiment, done using three individual sensors from different vendors, various packets with potential for misuse have been identified within the area of building security. With the potential areas of misuse identified, there is also a need for countermeasures against these threats. Countermeasures were identified through a collection of literature that was summarized in order to provide a wide range of alternatives, suitable to different scenarios. The experiment was limited to the functions of the sensors used, as well as traffic using the ZigBee protocol. This study pinpoints a potential for misuse of the ZigBee traffic sent between devices and shows that the ZigBee protocol is fundamentally flawed from a security aspect. Whilst countermeasures exist, they are not applicable to every situation which is why the ZigBee protocol itself needs further development to be considered secure.
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Peatross, Michelle J. "An experimental study of forced ventilation glovebox fires." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040230/.
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Kyrkander, Sara. "Traceability of Single-Use Medical Devices through the Hospital Supply Chain. Reflections and Recommendations for Implementation of Single-Use Medical Devices Traceability." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279140.
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There is an increased need for complete medical device traceability in the healthcare industry. The two main reasons are the healthcare industry's global supply chain and decentralised adverse events reporting, where different laws apply for each country and where each country has their own database for incidents without international governance. The idea of improving traceability procedures in the surgical department at Karolinska University Hospital was formed in the light of a near miss event where guidelines regarding incident management of a Single-Use Medical Device (SUMD) were not followed properly. Hence, this thesis project will investigate the issue of finding an effective way to trace SUMDs at Karolinska University Hospital, in order to improve the incident management process and suggest improvements of patient safety at other Swedish hospitals as well. The collection of data consisted of different data sources; observations at the research site and interviews with relevant participants. By employing multiple sources to this study, a more holistic approach could be achieved. In addition to observing the current situation of device registration, it was of importance to ask individuals with competence and different perspectives on the issue of traceability of SUMDs. To answer the research questions, the acquired data was categorized into the different identified cornerstones of traceability of SUMDs. These were registration process, perioperative supply chain and incidents management. Each section was divided into an investigation of the current process, issues and suggested improvements, in order to clearly answer to the research questions. Furthermore, these acquired answers and insights, from observations and interviews, were translated and summarized to form a basis for the results. Based on the data acquisition and compilation from the different perspectives, key findings and themes are presented in the results. The thesis proposal include a visual representation that show the physical flow of a SUMD from the point of being delivered to the hospital by the distributor, through different entities where registration occur, until it is either discarded or saved for incidents reporting. In order to avoid many of the current issues and to realize the acquired suggestions from this thesis, interoperability between the systems within the healthcare organization as well as between the different entities throughout the entire supply chain is an essential part of the solution, which should be further studied.
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Stammen, Jason Anthony. "Biomechanical Characterization of the Human Upper Thoracic Spine – Pectoral Girdle (UTS-PG) System: Anthropometry, Dynamic Properties, and Kinematic Response Criteria for Adult and Child ATDs." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1344880193.
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Balgos, Vincent H. "A systems theoretic application to design for the safety of medical diagnostic devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76814.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).
In today's environment, medical technology is rapidly advancing to deliver tremendous value to physicians, nurses, and medical staff in order to support them to ultimately serve a common goal: provide safe and effective medical care for patients. However, these complex medical systems are contributing to the increasing number of healthcare accidents each year. These accidents present unnecessary risk and injury to the very population these systems are designed to help. Thus the current safety engineering techniques that are widely practiced by the healthcare industry during medical system development are inadequate in preventing these tragic accidents. Therefore, there is a need for a new approach to design safety into medical systems. This thesis demonstrated that a holistic approach to safety design using the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) and Causal Analysis based on STAMP (CAST) was more effective than the traditional, linear chain-of-events model of Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). The CAST technique was applied to a medical case accident involving a complex diagnostic analyzer system. The results of the CAST analysis were then compared to the original FMECA hazards. By treating safety as a control problem, the CAST analysis was capable of identifying an array of hazards beyond what was detected by the current regulatory approved technique. From these hazards, new safety design requirements and recommendations were generated for the case system that could have prevented the case accident. These safety design requirements can also be utilized in new medical diagnostic system development efforts to prevent future medical accidents, and protect the patient from unnecessary harm.
by Vincent H. Balgos.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Pratt, Ian Alexander. "The user-safe device I/O architecture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624229.
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Mastrippolito, Luigi. "NETWORKED DATA ACQUISITION DEVICES AS APPLIED TO AUTOMOTIVE TESTING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606740.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) is acquiring, transferring, and databasing data during all phases of automotive testing using networked data acquisition devices. The devices are small ruggedized computer-based systems programmed with specific data acquisition tasks and then networked together with other devices in order to share information within a test item or vehicle. One of the devices is also networked to a ground-station for monitor, control and data transfer of any of the devices on the net. Application of these devices has varied from single vehicle tests in a single geographical location up to a 100-vehicle nationwide test. Each device has a primary task such as acquiring data from vehicular data busses (MIL-STD-1553, SAE J1708 bus, SAE J1939 bus, RS-422 serial bus, etc.), GPS (time and position), analog sensors and video with audio. Each device has programmable options, maintained in a configuration file, that define the specific recording methods, real-time algorithms to be performed, data rates, and triggering parameters. The programmability of the system and bi-directional communications allow the configuration file to be modified remotely after the system is fielded. The primary data storage media of each device is onboard solid-state flash disk; therefore, a continuous communication link is not critical to data gathering. Data are gathered, quality checked and loaded into a database for analysis. The configuration file, as an integral part of the database, ensures configuration identity and management. A web based graphical user interface provides preprogrammed query options for viewing, summarizing, graphing, and consolidating data. The database can also be queried for more detailed analyses. The architecture for this network approach to field data acquisition was under the Aberdeen Test Center program Versatile Information System Integrated On-Line (VISION). This paper will describe how the merging of data acquisition systems to network communications and information management tools provides a powerful resource for system engineers, analysts, evaluators and acquisition personnel.