Relevant bibliographies by topics / Safety requirements of electrical drives

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Safety requirements of electrical drives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Dvornikov, Dmitry A., Vladimir I. Voronov, Ilya А. Flegentov, and Radik М. Giniyatov. "Development of a standard-size range of part-turn electric drives." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-4-405-411.

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Specialists of NII Transneft LLC and TOMZEL JSC were tasked with developing a standard-size range of partturn electric drives with an electronic control unit for ball shutoff valves in order to arrange the Russian production of this type of equipment. When determining the requirements for the developed valves, the features of the operation of foreign-made part-turn electric drives were taken into account. New developments had to meet general technical requirements, safety and ergonomics requirements for electric drives operated in oil and petroleum products pipeline transport facilities. When elaborating technical solutions, an analysis of thematic publications, international and Russian regulatory documents, technical characteristics of domestic and imported drives, existing solutions for the layout of electric drives with electronic control units has been accomplished. As part of the R&D work, optimal design solutions have been found taking into account the actual operating conditions of the equipment, design documentation has been developed for the standard-size range of part-turn electric drives, prototypes have been manufactured, and their preliminary and acceptance tests have been accomplished successfully.
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Pechenik, M. V., S. O. Burian, H. Y. Zemlianukhina, and D. V. Rudniev. "ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATING MODES OF THE SUSPENDED CABLE CAR ELECTRIC DRIVE USING THE VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2021, no. 58 (May 19, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2021.58.039.

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Continuous transport systems, including rope conveyors designed to move people and goods, are subject to very strict safety and energy efficiency requirements. As a rule, suspended cableways in operation have an unregulated electric drive with a smooth start system. Among the ways to meet these requirements is the use of modern regulated electric drives. The electromechanical system with a vector-controlled asynchronous electric motor is considered in the work. Based on the obtained model, within the framework of the MATLAB / Simulink application package, an investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the cableway electric drive was carried out. An analysis of the nature of the distribution of dynamic error in terms of speed and energy losses depending on the load and speed of movement of the rope traction element of the transport system is given. The results presented in the article make it possible to choose rational electric drives for continuous transport systems with rope traction elements. References 5, figures 5, table.
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Дворников, Дмитрий Александрович, Владимир Иванович Воронов, Илья Александрович Флегентов, and Радик Миннеахметович Гиниятов. "Development of an electric linear actuator for shut-off and control valves." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-1-93-99.

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Перед ООО «НИИ Транснефть» и АО «ТОМЗЭЛ» была поставлена задача по разработке типоразмерного ряда электроприводов прямоходных, применяемых для управления клапанами запорно-регулирующими, с целью организации их серийного производства в России. При определении требований к разрабатываемой арматуре были учтены особенности эксплуатации ее импортных аналогов. Новые разработки должны были соответствовать общим техническим требованиям, требованиям безопасности и эргономики, предъявляемым к электроприводам, которые применяются на объектах трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов. В процессе подготовки технических решений был проведен анализ тематических публикаций, международных и российских нормативных документов, технических характеристик электроприводов отечественного и зарубежного производства, существующих решений по схемам компоновки электроприводов блоками электронного управления. В рамках выполнения опытно-конструкторской работы были найдены оптимальные конструкционные решения, учитывающие фактические условия эксплуатации оборудования, разработана конструкторская документация на типоразмерный ряд электроприводов прямоходных, изготовлен опытный образец электропривода и успешно проведены его предварительные и приемочные испытания. The specialists of Pipeline Transport Institute LLC and TOMZEL JSC were tasked with developing a standardsize range of linear electric drives used to control shut-off and control valves in order to organize their serial domestic production. Operation features of its imported analogues were taken into account while determining the requirements for the developed equipment. New developments had to meet the general technical requirements, safety and ergonomics requirements for electric drives used at oil and oil products pipeline transportation facilities. In the process of preparing technical solutions, an analysis of thematic publications, international and Russian regulatory documents, technical characteristics of electric drives of domestic and foreign production, existing solutions for layouts of electric drives with electronic control units was carried out. As part of the development work, optimal design solutions were found, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the equipment, design documentation was developed for the standard-size range of linear electric drives, a prototype electric drive was manufactured and its preliminary and acceptance tests were successfully carried out.
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Notohardjono, Budy D., James Wilcoski, and James B. Gambill. "Design of Earthquake Resistant Server Computer Structures." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1638389.

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This paper presents the design features of an electrical equipment frame structure that can withstand a severe earthquake test profile. Original designs of these structures were optimized to survive shock and shipping vibrations only, since the majority of products experience shock and vibrations during transportation. Shock and vibration found in the shipping environment are oriented in the vertical direction only. Increased concerns for equipment survivability and safety during seismic events have driven new requirements for consideration when designing equipment’s frame structure and incorporation of tests having earthquake profiles into testing regimes. This adds horizontal components of vibration into design considerations and demands design compromises that will optimize performance for both horizontal and vertical vibrations. Frame and assembly mounting design for both orientations will be discussed and test criteria specifically for vertical vibration will be described in order to compare to tests geared toward combinations of vertical and horizontal vibrations. Structures created under these new requirements are rigid in all three axes, especially in the horizontal direction where low frequency seismic vibrations can induce large displacement of the frame members and subassemblies installed in the frame. Both the subassembly components and the frame assembly must be modified to reach the optimum design for multi-directional vibration. The development of the frame structure and related hardware involves extensive uniaxial and triaxial earthquake simulation testing in both raised floor and non-raised floor environments. The dynamic responses of the system under different earthquake test profiles are recorded and analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. The computer frame and anchorage system must have adequate strength and stiffness for earthquake induced forces to prevent human injury and potential system damage. However, this same frame and anchorage system must also meet the potentially conflicting requirement of ensuring continued system operation by limiting transmitted accelerations to acceptable levels at critical system components such as hard drives.
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Быкова, Валентина Прохоровна, and Valentina Prokhorovna Bykova. "Application of training and methodological complex Electrical Engineering." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2019, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2019-4-130-140.

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The paper presents the laboratory practicum on electrical engineering and physics worked out on the basis of the teaching guide on electrical engineering including 5 test benches. It includes 24 laboratory works with elements of independent research. The detailed and illustrated test benches of the training complex are the following: Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Electric Machines and Electric Drive, Electric Machine Assembly, Electric Energy, its Transmission and Quality, Principles of Electrical Safety. Some stands are connected to a software and hardware complex designed for measuring the studied values, reflection and processing of analog signals. The compactness and versatility of the training complex Electrical Engineering are noted; one can do 6–9 laboratory works on electrical engineering and physics at one stand. Mathematical calculations of the readings are recommended to perform in Mathcad computer algebra system. A manual based on the laboratory works, which contains general safety rules, guidelines for per-forming tasks and requirements for their processing, is now under consideration. The advantages of the elaborated laboratory workshop have been listed; the educational, developmental, pedagogical tasks for solving at the lesson have been analyzed; a laboratory work “Three-phase circuit connection in star scheme” is given as an example. The diagram of a star connection is presented; a vector diagram of linear and phase voltages relations in a star connection is built. The oscillo-grams of currents under symmetrical load are illustrated. It has been noted that the individual tasks have an exploratory nature, they develop cognitive, independent and creative skills of students. The proposed methodological guidelines are recommended for specialists and bachelors in such areas as “Ship and Power Plants”, “Shipbuilding”, “Heat and Power Engineering and Heat Engineering”, etc., and can be used by teachers of general engineering disciplines
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Khrustalev, V. A., M. V. Garievskii, I. A. Rostuntsova, and A. V. Portyankin. "On the possibility of participation of npps with vverin emergency frequency regulation in power system." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-3-99-108.

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The purpose of the article is to study the possibility and feasibility of participation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) with VVER in emergency frequency control in power systems with a high proportion of nuclear power units and, at the same time, of reducing the power consumption for the own needs of the main circulation pumps during modes with power below nominal. To solve these problems, it was proposed to increase the achievable speeds of power gain (load increase) due to the installation of frequency controlled drives of the MCP. Large system frequency variations (caused by large imbalances between generation and demand) may jeopardize electrical equipment, in terms of maintaining stable and reliable operating conditions. For NPPs, the task of preventing or localizing accidents is even more important than for TPPs, since in case of major system accidents, it is possible to completely stop external power supply of the NPPs own needs. Thus, besides the requirements for the primary control of the frequency of NPPs with VVER, today we need more stringent requirements for their emergency acceleration and mobility. The operation of NPPs with long-term non-recoverable active power shortage causes a decrease in the speed of the main circulation pumps of NPPs with VVER and a decrease in the coolant flow rate. It is shown that the installation of variable frequency drives of the MCPs at NPP with VVER is appropriate not only to save energy consumption for their drive in partial modes, but also to increase the power of NPP above the nominal (without reducing the reserve before the heat exchange crisis in the reactor core) for the elimination of system accidents, and thus to improve the safety of the NPPs included in the power system.
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Juraj Pancik, Peter Drgona, and Marek Paskala. "Functional Safety for Developing of Mechatronic Systems – Electric Parking Brake Case Study." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.4.134-143.

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The electric parking brake (EPB) system as the complex mechatronic system consists of the actuators that generate the clamping force necessary to hold the vehicle safe, the conventional calipers that convert clamp force into brake torque, electronic hardware with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), cable harness and switches and especially the control software providing the functions that the driver will experience. Like most of the modern automotive components, the EPB is equipped with embedded electronic systems that include ECU, electronic sensors, signals, bus systems, and coding. Due to the complex application in electrical, electronics and programmable electronics, the need to carry out detailed safety analyses that are focused on the potential risk of malfunction is crucial for automotive systems. This paper describes a possible division of the EPB sub-functions between the supplier the wheel brakes and the supplier which supplying the ECU. Functional safety must be a guarantee with concerning the overall vehicle system. Functional safety is according to the requirements of the ISO 26262 standard and in the context of this paper relates solely to the E/E components (electrical and/or electronic) of the EPB. This paper covers the hazard analysis and risk assessment relevant to the EPB control software, and the derived allocation of ASIL risk levels to the EPB software elements of the functional architecture of the EPB.
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Venkata Ramana, D., and S. Baskar. "Incipient Fault Detection of the Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp722-729.

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Inverter fed Induction motor drives are deployed across a variety of industrial and commercial applications. Although the drives in the question are well known for their reliable operation in any type of environment, it becomes an important daunting critical task to have them in continuous operation as per the applications’ requirement. Identifying the faulty behavior of power electronic circuits which could lead to catastrophic failures is an attractive proposition. The cost associated with building systems devoted for monitoring and diagnosis is high, however such cost could be justified for the safety-critical systems. Commonly practiced methods for improving the reliability of the power electronic systems are: designing the power circuit conservatively or having parallel redundant operation of components or circuits and clearly these two methods are expensive. An alternative to redundancy is fault tolerant control, which involves drive control algorithm, that in the event of fault occurrence, allows the drive to run in a degraded mode. Such algorithms involve on-line processing of the signals and this requires Digital Signal Processing of the signals. This paper presents the FFT and Wavelet transform techniques for on-line monitoring and analyzing the signals such as stator currents.
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Nadiia Kulbashna, Iryna Lynnyk, Andrii Galkin, Oleksii Prasolenko, and Sergii Dulfan. "Safety Assessment of Adjacent Roads Sections via Maximum Entropy Driver’s Perception Field." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.4.182-190.

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Characteristics have been developed, by which the boundaries of coherence of adjacent road sections are established in accordance with requirements for the traffic safety. The coordination of adjacent sections of the road is carried out taking into account the driver’s behavior program, which is presented in the work as a value of the maximum entropy of his perception field. The choice of this criterion is determined by the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of many road environment factors that influence the driver. The boundaries of coordination of the maximum entropy values of adjacent road sections with use of the accident rate are established.
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Varlahov, V., and A. Lubentsov. "PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING FORENSIC RESEARCH ON PASSENGER SRS VEHICLE SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH THE REASON NOT CAUSE THE FRONT BUCKLES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 19, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2019.23.

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Issues that arise from experts during the performance of court automotive expert assessments (expert researches) of technical condition of automobiles are considered, namely: SRS passive safety systems. The sequence of carrying out elemental research of the passive safety system of the SRS of cars on establishing the reasons for failure of the front (front) airbag of the passenger during a traffic accident is presented. The urgency of this paper is due, on the one hand, to the mass installation of airbags on cars of different brands, which are intended to protect the driver and passengers of vehicles from injuries during a collision, and on the other hand, frequent cases of not triggering airbags in the collision, associated as both for technical and operational reasons, resulting in serious injuries to the driver and passengers in the event of a collision. The increase in the level of constructive safety of the car, above all, is ensured by strengthening the requirements for the development, installation of structural elements and systems that provide protection of life and health of road users. Given the diversity of sources of risk factors for road accidents, constructive safety is divided into active, passive and after emergency. The examination of the technical condition of the SRS passive safety system is essentially a study of the vehicle electrical system requiring safety measures, since damage to the insulation of wires, shorting of individual circuits of electrical wires, and the introduction of extraneous current to the connectors can lead to the deployment of airbags during research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Plocek, Jaroslav. "Řízení jednoúčelového obráběcího stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232092.

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The master thesis treats the design of control system of special purpose machine tool. The first part analyzes and compares two possible variants of control system which use either a CNC control system Sinumerik or motion control system Simotion. Only the variant with the Simotion control system is subsequently examined in detail: its hardware configuration, the selection of components and partly also the software solution. The thesis further deals with the safety of the realized control system and of the whole machine. There are described general safety requirements of machinery based on harmonized European standards and their specific application in the design of safety functions and the safety circuits of solved machine tool.
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Avelino, Valter Fernandes. "MERUSA: metodologia de especificação de requisitos de usabilidade e segurança orientada para arquitetura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-01062005-095133/.

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Esta tese objetiva propor uma metodologia de especificação de requisitos de usabilidade e segurança orientada para arquitetura (MERUSA) aplicável a sistemas digitais de automação distribuídos e abertos. A estratégia utilizada para atingir esse objetivo consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia focalizada nos processos de elicitação e análise dos requisitos de usabilidade e segurança, sincronizada com a evolução da arquitetura do sistema computacional. O modelo de referência ODP (Open Distributed Process) é utilizado como uma referência básica desse processo, fornecendo conceitos, procedimentos e modelos adequados à especificação e ao desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos e abertos de automação (orientados a objeto ou não), permitindo obter uma infra-estrutura coerente e gerenciável, com exigentes requisitos de integração. A eficácia da metodologia é verificada com a sua aplicação a um meta-modelo de especificação de projeto para sistemas digitais de controle distribuído de transmissão de energia para o sistema elétrico brasileiro.
This thesis purposes one new architecture oriented safety and usability requirements specification methodology (MERUSA) applied to open and distributed automation digital systems. The strategy used to achieve this goal consists on the development of a methodology centered on safety and usability requirement elicitation and analysis processes, synchronized with computational system architectural evolution. The RM-ODP (Reference Model of Open Distributed Process) is used as basic reference of this process. This pattern. supplies concepts, procedures and models appropriated to open and distributed system specification and development (object oriented or not), providing one coherent and manageable framework, with strong integration requirements. The methodology effectiveness is verified with its application to a project specification meta-model for energy transmission distributed control digital systems of Brazilian electrical system.
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Hou, Hsiang-Wen, and 侯翔文. "Research on Autonomous Vehicle Localization and Navigation System for Functional Safety Requirements of Electrical/Electronic Systems in Road Vehicles." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zs6gah.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
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This research aims to propose an autonomous vehicle localization and navigation system for functional safety requirements (FSR) of electrical/electronic systems in road vehicles. The main functional safety concept (FSC) includes such as fault detection, fail-safe, and fault tolerance. For the issue, this research uses a real-time multi-sensor fusion localization technique. When one of sensors fails, this method can extend the reliable positioning time for decision system to do the right decision. This approach is based on the map-guided technique and unscented Kalman filter with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS).However, the sigma points which are calculated from unscented transform might be located in unreasonable place, such as sidewalk. Using the detection data from LiDAR to be the constraint can restricted the sigma points which are out of constraint in the reasonable region. To design the constrained unscented Kalman filter, this research combines the detection data from LiDAR and digital map to determine the range of constraint. This method can not only reduce positioning estimation error, but also detect the positioning state for control system that can reduce danger by wrong information. Finally, this research uses an electric medium-sized bus as a verification platform to prove the localization system can run safe in different scenarios by human driving and autonomous driving.
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Books on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Bolvashenkov, Igor, Hans-Georg Herzog, Ilia Frenkel, Lev Khvatskin, and Anatoly Lisnianski. Safety-Critical Electrical Drives. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89969-5.

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Association, National Fire Protection, ed. Handbook for electrical safety in the workplace. 2nd ed. Quincy, Mass: National Fire Protection Association, 2009.

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A, Jones Ray. 100 questions and answers about electrical safety. Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 2008.

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Electrical safety of low-voltage systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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Association, National Fire Protection. NFPA 70E: Standard for electrical safety requirements for employee workplaces. 2nd ed. [Quincy, MA]: NFPA, 2004.

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(Alberta), Safety Codes Council. STANDADA electrical: Safety Codes Council information system. Alberta: Alberta Municipal Affairs, 1999.

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Stallcup, James G. Stallcup's OSHA and NFPA 70E electrical regulations simplified. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011.

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Association, National Fire Protection. NFPA 70E: Standard for electrical safety in the workplace. 2nd ed. [Quincy, MA]: NFPA, 2004.

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Institution of Engineering and Technology, ed. Requirements for electrical installations: IET wiring regulations, seventeenth edition. London, United Kingdom: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015.

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Institution, British Standards. Requirements for electrical installations: IEE wiring regulations 16th edition. Stevenage: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Bolvashenkov, Igor, Hans-Georg Herzog, Ilia Frenkel, Lev Khvatskin, and Anatoly Lisnianski. "Choosing the Optimal Type of Safety-Critical Traction Drives for Arctic Ships Based on Estimated Operational Efficiency and Real Ice Navigation Conditions." In Safety-Critical Electrical Drives, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89969-5_1.

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Bolvashenkov, Igor, Hans-Georg Herzog, Ilia Frenkel, Lev Khvatskin, and Anatoly Lisnianski. "The Lz-Transform Method for the Reliability, Fault Tolerance and Operational Sustainability Assessment of Multi-power Source Traction Drives." In Safety-Critical Electrical Drives, 23–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89969-5_2.

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Bolvashenkov, Igor, Hans-Georg Herzog, Ilia Frenkel, Lev Khvatskin, and Anatoly Lisnianski. "The Two-Step Approach to the Selection of a Traction Motor for Electric Vehicles." In Safety-Critical Electrical Drives, 45–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89969-5_3.

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Bolvashenkov, Igor, Hans-Georg Herzog, Ilia Frenkel, Lev Khvatskin, and Anatoly Lisnianski. "The Markov Reward Approach for Selecting a Traction Electric Motor Based on Reliability Features." In Safety-Critical Electrical Drives, 71–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89969-5_4.

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Jeong, Daehui, Anit Thapaliya, and Gihwon Kwon. "A Case Study of Hierarchical Safety Analysis for Eliciting Traceable Safety Requirements." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 474–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5041-1_76.

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Madden, John M. "European-derived law with electrical and electrotechnical control system safety requirements." In Electrical Safety and the Law, 131–53. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315617626-8.

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Madden, John M. "BS 7671:2008 Requirements for Electrical Installations – IET Wiring Regulations, 17th edition." In Electrical Safety and the Law, 173–218. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315617626-12.

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Bai, Tao, Ji-Xiang Shu, Peng-Fei Gu, and Ya-Nan He. "Study on Itemized Requirements of Safety Digital I&C System in NPP." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 226–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3113-8_26.

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Chitra, T. "Automotive Functional Safety Compliance Requirements with ISO 26262: HW Architectural Metrics with an Example." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 769–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33805-2_62.

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Grover, Jyoti. "Vehicular Fog Computing Paradigm." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 200–215. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3981-0.ch009.

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The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are based on periodic exchange of safety messages between nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby road side communication units (e.g., traffic lights, road-side lights, etc.). This periodic communication generates huge amount of data that have typical storage, computation, and communication resources needs. In recent years, there has been huge developments in automotive industry, computing, and communication technologies. This has led to vehicular cloud computing (VCC) as a solution to satisfy the requirements of VANETs such as computing, storage, and networking resources. Vehicular fog computing (VFC) is a standard that comprehends cloud computing and related services to the proximity of a network. Since VANET applications have special mobility, low latency, and location awareness requirements, fog computing plays a significant role in VANET applications and services. In urban cities, vehicles parked at shopping malls, offices and similar other places are under-utilized. These can offer great opportunity and value to implement applications of VFC by utilizing vehicles as an infrastructure. In this chapter, we present real time scenarios and applications of VANET that can be implemented using VFC. VANET applications and quality of service can be enhanced by aggregating the resources of these vehicles. We discuss different types of scenarios of moving and parked vehicles as computational, communication, storage and network infrastructures. We have also discussed the challenges and open problems to implement VFC system. This chapter provides the thorough understanding of novel research paradigm and about vehicular communication infrastructures.
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Conference papers on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Ahrens, Markus, Barbara Frei-Spreiter, and Rudolf Wieser. "Cost Efficient Electric High-Speed Drives for Gas Compression." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-264.

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Electric high-speed drives with magnetic bearings offer significant technical and economic advantages for gas compression and pipeline operation. Compressors with magnetic bearings and dry gas seals have been successfully used for more than a decade. These installations have demonstrated that the elimination of the compressor lube oil system results in increased availability and is economically viable. Nevertheless, as long as a lube oil system is still necessary for the drive or for a gearbox the benefits of oil-free operation such as increased safety and increased availability cannot be fully exploited. Electric high-speed drives do not require a gearbox. In combination with the use of magnetic bearings such drives allow the elimination of the entire lube oil system resulting in a dry rotor string. This results in increased efficiency and increased availability, and leads to reduced operation and maintenance cost. Furthermore, such electric high-speed drives can easily be adjusted to specific requirements, allow a wide operating range and thus the pipeline operation can be optimized. High efficiency, oil-free operation and no emissions make electric high-speed drives the most environmental friendly compressor drive. The main disadvantage so far has been that electric high-speed drives and especially magnetic bearings needed high engineering effort resulting in high cost. The concept developed by ABB overcomes these problems with a modular approach for the motor and the power converter as well as for the magnetic bearings. Thus, electric high-speed drives have become a cost competitive, attractive solution for gas industry.
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Khakpour, Yasmin, Weilun Warren Chen, Parikshith Channegowda, Matthew R. Pearson, Yongduk Lee, and Luis Arnedo. "Thermal Analysis of High Efficiency High Speed Drives." In ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6534.

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Abstract The thermal management of the PCB based power electronics is a key element to ensure safe operating conditions and to meet lifetime, reliability and safety requirements. This is challenging for applications above 1 kW because the substrate material used in a PCB such as FR-4 has very low heat conducting properties. Hence, there is a limit on how much loss can be dissipated from the board and for that reason this approach has only been adopted in the industry for very low power applications. With the proposed multilevel topology, WBG devices, and innovative thermal management strategies it is possible to expand the PCB based power electronics approach to power ratings between 1kW and 10 kW. For instance, an improvement in the thermal resistance of the PCB can be obtained by soldering a discrete WBG device with a TO-263 package directly on a PCB with about one inch square copper area around the device which will act as a heat spreader. Then, a further substantial reduction in the thermal resistance of a PCB is possible by the application of electrical vias. In principle each via is a copper sleeve through the board or through a part of the board. Where, instead of using its electrical function, a via can also be used as a thermal conductor. In this work, the thermal analysis of the PCB and the effect of number of vias as well as the effect of filling the vias with a thermally conductive material has been studied. The design has been optimized for the number of vias and the modeling results have been verified with experimental tests.
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Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos, Teemu Tommila, Bryan O’Halloran, Jarmo Alanen, and Douglas L. Van Bossuyt. "A Model Driven Approach for Early Assessment of Defense in Depth Capabilities of Complex Sociotechnical Systems." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67257.

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Defense in Depth (DiD) is a key design principle helping to improve the safety of complex systems in domains like nuclear power, oil and gas, and mining. DiD affects the basic design of the system because it contains requirements for isolation, diversity and safety divisions. If the DiD assessment happens late in the design process, there is a risk of costly redesign and project delays. To avoid this issue, this paper refines a set of early DiD assessment design rules and proposes a model-driven methodology for early assessment of the implementation of the DiD capabilities of a complex system design. The topology of the different design aspects of the system under study (mechanical, electrical, human factors, and others) and the dependencies between system elements are captured in a High Level Interdisciplinary Model (HLIM) that also holds DiD specific attributes. The resulting system model is assessed against the proposed set of DiD rules and requirements, and then it can be improved according to the results. The methodology is applied to a case study of an early nuclear power plant model of a spent fuel pool cooling system. The proof-of-concept software tool developed for early DiD assessment and presented in this paper is able to identify undesired dependencies between system elements of redundant systems, of different defense lines and other DiD related weaknesses. This provides practitioners with insights into potential vulnerabilities in the design and enables focused redesign to address the identified problems early in the design process.
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Jones, R., L. B. McClurg, and L. F. Saunders. "Changes to NFPA 70E "Electrical safety requirements for employee workplaces"." In Electrical Safety Workshop. IEEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esw.1995.763510.

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Neitzel, Dennis K. "Understanding NFPA 70E electrical safety requirements." In CPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icps.2008.4606273.

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Neufeld, Melvin, and Bruce A. Miller. "Hardisty Cavern Storage Facility: Maximizing Process Equipment Utilization Through Innovative Automation Techniques." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0678.

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The Hardisty Cavern Facility at Hardisty, Alberta — consists of four underground salt caverns totalling 3.0 million barrels of petroleum products storage — was recently completed. This project is unique in that it integrates existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Approximately 400 million barrels of oil move through this hub annually. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s with significant upgrades and new infrastructure to integrate the Hardisty Cavern Facility into the crude oil transportation hub. This paper discusses the automation related innovations implemented and the challenges encountered during the course of the project. One example of innovation involves utilizing a single variable frequency drive (VFD) to perform multiple functions. Due to process requirements, the VFD was required to operate one or two cavern injection pumps. Electrical power grid constraints dictated that the VFD be used for starting and stopping the 1500 horsepower (1119 kW) pump motors. Process conditions also required that the pump motor loads be automatically transferred from VFD to the utility power grid without interruption to production. Operational flexibility was another key component of the facility automation requirements. Storage requirements for multiple petroleum products necessitated operator-selectable flow paths within the automation system. In addition, flexibility, safety, efficiency and maintainability requirements resulted in a distributed process philosophy across three separate process areas.
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Brown, S. J. "Functional safety of electrical machines and drives." In Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971092.

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Neitzel, Dennis K. "Electrical Safety Training Requirements for all Personnel." In 2018 IEEE IAS Pulp, Paper and Forest Industries Conference (PPFIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppic.2018.8502187.

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Rzepka, Sven, Alexander Otto, Dietmar Vogel, and Rainer Dudek. "Application Driven Reliability Research of Next Generation for Automotive Electronics: Challenges and Approaches." In ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2017-74208.

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The revolutionary changes in automotive industry towards fully connected automated electrical vehicles necessitates developments in automotive electronics at unprecedented speed. Signal, control, and power electronics will heterogeneously be integrated at minimum space with sensors and actuators to form highly compact and ultra-smart systems for functions like traction, lighting, energy management, computation, and communication. Most of these systems will be highly safety relevant with the requirements in system availability exceeding today’s already high automotive standards. Other than the human drivers of today, passengers in the automated car do not pay constant attention to the driving actions of the vehicle. Hence, reliability research is massively challenged by the new automotive applications. Guaranteeing the specified lifetime at statistical average is no longer sufficient. Assuring that no failure of an individual safety relevant part occurs unexpectedly, becomes most important. The paper surveys the priority actions underway to cope with the tremendous challenges. It highlights practical examples in all three directions of reliability research. i) Experimental reliability tests and physical analyses: New and highly efficient accelerated stress tests are able to cover the complex and multi-fold loading situation in the field. New analytics techniques can identify the typical failure modes and their physical root causes. ii) Virtual techniques: Schemes of validated simulations allow capturing the physics of failure proactively in the design for reliability process. iii) Prognostics health management (PHM): A new concept is introduced for adding a minimum of PHM features at the various levels of automotive electronics to provide functional safety as required for autonomous vehicles. This way, the new generation of reliability methods will continuously provide estimates of the remaining useful life (RUL) for each relevant part under the actual use conditions to allow triggering maintenance in time.
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Wang, Rongrong, and Junmin Wang. "In-Wheel Motor Fault Diagnosis for Electric Ground Vehicles." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4050.

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This paper presents an in-wheel motor fault diagnosis method for fault-tolerant control of four-wheel independently driven (4WID) electric vehicles. 4WID electric vehicle is one of the promising architectures for electric ground vehicles. While such a vehicle architecture greatly increases the flexibility for vehicle control, it also raises the requirements on system reliability, safety, and fault tolerance due to the increased number of actuators. A fault diagnosis approach for finding the faulty in-wheel motor/motor driver pair is developed. The proposed diagnosis approach does not need a precise knowledge on tire-road friction coefficient (TRFC). Robustness analysis shows that the approach can work well in the presence of tire modeling errors. Simulations using a high-fidelity, CarSim, full-vehicle model indicated the effectiveness of the proposed in-wheel motor/motor driver fault diagnosis approach.
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Reports on the topic "Safety requirements of electrical drives"

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Mracek Dietrich, Anna, and Ravi Rajamani. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft. SAE International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021007.

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The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues.
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