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Reinshagen, Felix. "Standards and Incentives in Safety Regulation." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-134303.
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Bleetman, Anthony. "Safety standards for police body armour." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/692/.
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Assaults on the Police continue to increase. Of particular concern is the threat of injury from edged weapons. Shootings remain rare. The Home Office has embarked on a program to provide all police officers with suitable body armour. Body armour has been on general issue to police officers in America for over twenty years and has a superb record in saving lives from shootings. Little is known about its ability to prevent serious stab wounds from knives, as this is a much less common threat in the American policing environment. Therefore the specification for armour for police use in this country must be set to provide protection against the threats in the UK policing environment. Current knife-resistance standards are based on animal experimentation and have not been examined by any other model. To understand the protective requirements of armour, it is necessary to understand the weapon threat, the assailant’s method of delivery, and the vulnerability of the target. The biophysics of human stabbing (the assailant’s method of delivery), is the subject of ongoing investigation, and is outwith the scope of this thesis. In this thesis, the history and development of body armour is reviewed. An overview of the materials and properties of modern armour is presented. To understand the threat, the epidemiology of assaults on police officers and civilians is described. To determine the ideal protective qualities of body armour for issue to the police, two studies are presented. The first is a retrospective cohort study of 500 civilian victims of penetrating injury. The frequency of wounding, and the severity of wounding by body region is plotted on anatomical charts. This will demonstrate the vulnerability, and hence the protection requirements of each body area to penetrating injury. No previous study has measured the depth of the internal organs from the skin. A CT study is presented. It describes the accessibility of the internal organs to the passage of a blade by measuring the shortest distances from the skin. By applying the results of these two studies to the location of the internal organs (which lie in fairly constant relation to surface anatomy landmarks), the ideal protective qualities of armour panels over corresponding areas of organ vulnerability are plotted. The case for adopting three levels of knife resistance protection is made. The ballistic protective requirements of body armour are discussed. Finally, proposals for zoned body armour are presented and ergonomic and production issues are described. The model presented in this thesis has been accepted in principle by the Police Scientific Development Branch of the Home Office with a view to establishing a zoned body coverage requirement for police body armour.
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Cheney, Liam Jon. "Development of Safety Standards for CubeSat Propulsion Systems." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1180.
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The CubeSat community has begun to develop and implement propulsion systems. This movement represents a new capability which may satisfy mission needs such as orbital and constellation maintenance, formation flight, de-orbit, and even interplanetary travel. With the freedom and capability granted by propulsion systems, CubeSat providers must accept new responsibilities in proportion to the potential hazards that propulsion systems may present.
The Cal Poly CubeSat program publishes and maintains the CubeSat Design Specification (CDS). They wish to help the CubeSat community to safety and responsibly expand its capabilities to include propulsive designs. For this reason, the author embarked on the task of developing a draft of safety standards CubeSat propulsion systems.
Wherever possible, the standards are based on existing documents. The author provides an overview of certain concepts in systems safety with respect to the classification of hazards, determination of required fault tolerances, and the use of inhibits to satisfy fault tolerance requirements. The author discusses hazards that could exist during ground operations and through launch with respect to hazardous materials and pressure systems. Most of the standards related to Range Safety are drawn from AFSPCMAN 91-710. Having reviewed a range of hypothetical propulsion system architectures with an engineer from Range Safety at Vandenberg Air Force Base, the author compiled a case study. The author discusses many aspects of orbital safety. The author discusses the risk of collision with the host vehicle and with third party satellites along with the trackability of CubeSats using propulsion systems. Some recommendations are given for working with the Joint Functional Component Command for Space (JFCC SPACE), thanks to the input of two engineers who work with the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC). Command Security is discussed as an important aspect of a mission which implements a propulsion system. The author also discusses End-of-Life procedures such as safing and de-orbit operations. The orbital safety standards are intended to promote “good citizenship.”
The author steps through each proposed standard and offers justification. The author is confident that these standards will set the stage for a dialogue in the CubeSat community which will lead to the formulation of a reasonable and comprehensive set of standards. The author hopes that the discussions given throughout this document will help CubeSat developers to visualize the path to flight readiness so that they can get started on the right foot.
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Castellanos, Ardila Julieth Patricia. "Facilitating Automated Compliance Checking of Processes against Safety Standards." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42752.
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A system is safety-critical if its malfunctioning could have catastrophic consequences for people, property or the environment, e.g., the failure in a car's braking system could be potentially tragic. To produce such type of systems, special procedures, and strategies, that permit their safer deployment into society, should be used. Therefore, manufacturers of safety-critical systems comply with domain-specific safety standards, which embody the public consensus of acceptably safe. Safety standards also contain a repository of expert knowledge and best practices that can, to some extent, facilitate the safety-critical system’s engineering. In some domains, the applicable safety standards establish the accepted procedures that regulate the development processes. For claiming compliance with such standards, companies should adapt their practices and provide convincing justifications regarding the processes used to produce their systems, from the initial steps of the production. In particular, the planning of the development process, in accordance with the prescribed process-related requirements specified in the standard, is an essential piece of evidence for compliance assessment. However, providing such evidence can be time-consuming and prone-to-error since it requires that process engineers check the fulfillment of hundreds of requirements based on their processes specifications. With access to suitable tool-supported methodologies, process engineers would be able to perform their job efficiently and accurately. Safety standards prescribe requirements in natural language by using notions that are subtly similar to the concepts used to describe laws. In particular, requirements in the standards introduce conditions that are obligatory for claiming compliance. Requirements also define tailoring rules, which are actions that permit to comply with the standard in an alternative way. Unfortunately, current approaches for software verification are not furnished with these notions, which could make their use in compliance checking difficult. However, existing tool-supported methodologies designed in the legal compliance context, which are also proved in the business domain, could be exploited for defining an adequate automated compliance checking approach that suits the conditions required in the safety-critical context. The goal of this Licentiate thesis is to propose a novel approach that combines: 1) process modeling capabilities for representing systems and software process specifications, 2) normative representation capabilities for interpreting the requirements of the safety standards in an adequate machine-readable form, and 3) compliance checking capabilities to provide the analysis required to conclude whether the model of a process corresponds to the model with the compliant states proposed by the standard's requirements. Our approach contributes to facilitating compliance checking by providing automatic reasoning from the requirements prescribed by the standards, and the description of the process they regulate. It also contributes to cross-fertilize two communities that were previously isolated, namely safety-critical and legal compliance contexts. Besides, we propose an approach for mastering the interplay between highly-related standards. This approach includes the reuse capabilities provided by SoPLE (Safety-oriented Process Line Engineering), which is a methodological approach aiming at systematizing the reuse of process-related information in the context of safety-critical systems. With the addition of SoPLE, we aim at planting the seeds for the future provision of systematic reuse of compliance proofs. Hitherto, our proposed methodology has been evaluated with academic examples that show the potential benefits of its use.AMASS
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Newbury, Brian. "Integrated health, safety and environmental management systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/integrated-health-safety-and-environmental-management-systems(6a947bb5-bda0-4466-9cb6-f02ad514cb9a).html.
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The continued rise in accident and ill health statistics throughout the member states of the European Union indicate that the standards of occupational health, safety and environmental control require further improvement to minimise the current level of loss. Management systems are regarded as an effective means of reducing this loss by continuously improving standards. Whilst there is much discussion and debate about the possibilities of integrating management systems, at present, there are no national or international published integrated management standards, although some multi-national companies have introduced their own internal integrated standards. The research explored the development of an integrated health, safety and environmental (HSE) management system within a range of industrial organisations. This included the development of tools for successful implementation of integrated systems, specifically for significance review, risk assessment and auditing. Resources and accreditation constraints precluded exhaustive testing of all clauses within the proposed integrated management standard. However, analysis of key aspects of the standard revealed: 1. The introduction and use of separate health, safety and environmental (HSE) management systems improved the standards of risk control within organisations. 2. Organisations perceived that there were clear business advantages in some form of integration of existing standards. 3. The developed integrated HSE standard was technically possible in the area of policy development, process operations, working instructions and documentation. However, the integration of risk assessment and audit tools gave limited advantages compared to existing separate systems. 4. The proposed integrated HSE standard complied with both individual European member states national legislative requirements and European/World-wide management standard criteria. In summary this thesis represents an original contribution to the field of integrated management systems. The thesis also identifies areas of further work that will increase the knowledge base, scope of application of the work carried out.
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Pourvatan, Ladan. "Test Process Assessment of Industrial Control Systems via Safety Standards." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54702.
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As more systems are becoming embedded hardware-based, challenges regarding software safety and considerable consequences of their failure arise. Various safety standards assure certain safety aspects of systems, addressing areas including testing. The safety standards chosen for this thesis are ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-2 & 3, IEC 61508-1 & 3, ISO 13849-1 & 2, and ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017. This thesis tackles the problem of compliance with safety standards by utilising a lightweight assessment method, leading to recommendations for improving the test process of an industrial control system. A case study is performed on an automation company to achieve the objectives of this thesis. The method used for the qualitative data analysis results in recommendations regarding the compliance of the company's test process with selected safety standards. As the final step, the execution of a focus group research leads to the industrial evaluation of the recommendations and assessment results. The company's development process fully complies with 22% and fails to comply with 58% of the extracted requirements from the selected safety standards. Furthermore, the thesis results in recommendations for improving the test process of an industrial control system. As a result of performing the case study, a method for a lightweight assessment of the development process of industrial control systems is achieved. The generic method follows five steps, firstly tabulating the data to attain assessment criteria and items, used by the assessment step to get a compliance degree per requirement. The analysis step comes next to shed light on areas of strength and weakness, leading to recommendations. The final step evaluates and refines the recommendations according to the results of a focus group. Further development of the method used in this thesis can lead to a generic method for assessing development processes, concerning safety standards, using limited resources. The results of this generic method can lead to recommendations for test process improvements of control systems via safety standards.
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Thörn, Jonathan. "Test Framework Quality Assurance: Augmenting Agile Processes with Safety Standards." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48188.
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Quality of embedded systems is often demonstrated by performed tests and guaranteed by the quality of the tools used to perform them. Test automation is important in agile development and test frameworks can be considered mission-critical. Thus, it is important to ensure the quality of tools used for quality assurance.This thesis explores how industries with agile processes can learn from safety-related development with plan-driven processes for increased test framework quality. Safety standards often rely on plan-driven processes, focused on discipline in long term prospects with substantial documentation and extensive upfront plans and designs. Agile approaches instead focus on quick adaptation, where software is evolved, undergoes continuous improvements and is delivered incrementally. A case study was performed as an industry collaboration. A literature study extracted approaches from articles and safety standards. Analysis and processing resulted in candidate solutions, principles and practices iteratively refined for general applicability and the industrial context. Insights on implications and perceived industrial value resulted from a focus group, with qualitative and quantitative data collected through moderated group discussions and complementary activities. Finally, this thesis proposes guidelines intended to be generally applicable, with a suggested augmented agile process of sequential ”mini V-models” inherently controlled by Definition of Dones. A case-specific set of proposed guidelines extends the suggestion while embracing insights from the focus group. Also identified was the importance of perceiving the framework as a tool-chain and not a single tool, where interaction sequences and intermediate results can be identified and utilized for analysis and applicable measures. Future work could refine the proposed guidelines with an industrial dynamic validation, and also extend the literature study and expand the focus group for diverse contexts and industrial perspectives.
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Reinshagen, Felix [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Standards and Incentives in Safety Regulation / Felix Reinshagen. Betreuer: Klaus Schmidt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101550065X/34.
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Jadoon, Khan Gul. "Standards of safety in the underground coal mining industry of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260747.
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Shika, Matsepane Rebecca. "Radiation safety standards at public hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/859.
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Leach, Jeremy Charles. "Food hygiene in public eating places : a comparative study of public and professional perceptions in the Wealden district of East Sussex." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302284.
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Düsing, Christa, and David Prust. "Supplementary failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) for safety application standards DIN EN ISO 13849 safety function-fmea." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71272.
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In the automotive industry, the Safety Function-FMEA according to ISO 26262 and its application to functional safety relevant systems is a well-established process in the form of Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs). These represent the failure mitigation that must be applied to ensure an acceptable residual risk of malfunctioning behaviour. The DIN EN ISO 13849 (ISO 13849) already describes a process to reduce risks for machines which starts with a Hazard And Risk Analysis (HARA) as described in DIN EN ISO 12100 and concludes with the Safety Requirements Specification (SRS). The SRS is a functional and technical safety concept defining requirements and guidelines to make
sure the design conforms to defined safety goals. ISO 13849 lists important faults and failures for various technologies. The defined Safety Functions (SFs) can be classified in corresponding categories that lead to the particular hardware/system structure. This applies to mechatronic systems consisting of at least one sensor, one control unit and one actuator to monitor the system and effect a response in case of failure. Compared to the methods described in ISO 13849, the Safety Function-FMEA allows systematic identification of additional failures resulting from combinations of effects, rather than only listing the main failure causes. Based on the complexity of the machines it is highly recommended to perform a Safety Function-FMEA as a complementary method to assess and improve the overall safety of machinery.
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Egertz, David. "Novel Safety Requirements and Crash Test Standards for Light- Weight Urban Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-78694.
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In recent years the interest for smaller, cheaper and more energy efficient vehicles hasincreased significantly. These vehicles are intended to be used in urban areas, where theactual need of large heavy cars is generally minor. The travelled distance is on average lessthan 56km during a day and most often there is only one person travelling in the vehicle. Manyof the established car manufacturers have recently started to take interest into this marketsegment, but the majority of these small vehicles are still manufactured by smaller companiesat a low cost and with little or no research done on vehicle traffic safety. This may be becausethere are still no legal requirements on crash testing of this type of vehicles.This report will examine road safety for Urban Light-weight Vehicle (ULV) to find criticalcrash scenarios from which future crash testing methods for urban vehicles can be derived.The term ULV is specific to this report and is the title for all engine powered three- and fourwheeledvehicles categorized by the European Commission. Other attributes than the wheelgeometry is engine power and the vehicles unladen mass. The maximum allowed weight for athree-wheeled ULV is 1 000kg and 400kg for a four-wheeled one.By studying current crash test methods used in Europe by Euro NCAP it has beenconcluded that these tests are a good way of assessing car safety. For light-weight urbanvehicles it has been concluded that some of these tests need to be changed and that some newtest scenarios should be added when assessing road safety. The main reasons for this is linkedto that vehicle’s with a weight difference of more than 150kg cannot be compared withcurrent test methods, and that crash tests are performed with crash objects with similar orequal mass in current safety assessment programs. This correlates poorly to the trafficsituation for light-weight urban vehicles since it would most likely collide with a far heaviervehicle than itself in an accident event.To verify the actual traffic situation in urban areas, accident statistics have beenexamined closely. The research has shown that there are large differences between rural andurban areas. For instance; 66% of all severe and fatal traffic accident occurs in rural areaseven though they are less populated. Even the distribution of accident categories has showndifferent in rural and urban areas. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE) has defined accident categories in their database which is widely used within theEuropean Union. By comparing each accident category’s occurrence, injury and fatality rate,the most critical urban accident categories were found in the following order. 1. Collision due to crossing or turning 2. Vehicle and pedestrian collision 3. Rear-end collision 4. Single-vehicle accident 5. Other collisions 6. Head-on collision Statistics also show that of all fatally injured crash victims in urban trafficapproximately; one third is travelling by car; one third by motorcycle, moped or pedal-cycle;and one third are pedestrians. This means that unprotected road travelers correspond to twothirds of all fatal urban traffic accidents, a fact that has to be taken into account in future crashtesting of urban vehicles. With all the information gathered a total of four new crash testscenarios for light-weight urban vehicles have been presented: • Vehicle-to-vehicle side impact at 40km/h with a 1 300kg striking vehicle to evaluate theoccupant protection level of the light-weight vehicle. • Vehicle-to-motorcycle side impact at 40km/h with motorcycle rider protection evaluation. • Pedestrian protection assessment at 40km/h over the whole vehicle front and roof area. • Rigid barrier impact at 40km/h corresponding to an urban single vehicle accident with aroad side object or a collision with a heavier or similar sized vehicle.
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Balderrama, Rafael J. "The social construction of compatibility : setting voluntary safety standards for agricultural tractors /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115616/.
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Neblett, Alexander Mark Hattier. "Application of Functional Safety Standards to the Electrification of a Vehicle Powertrain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84485.
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With the introduction of electronic control units to automotive vehicles, system complexity has increased. With this change in complexity, new standards have been created to ensure safety at the system level for these vehicles. Furthermore, vehicles have become increasingly complex with the push for electrification of automotive vehicles, which has resulted in the creation of hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles.
The goal of this thesis is to provide an example of a hazard and operability analysis as well as a hazard and risk analysis for a hybrid electric vehicle. Additionally, the safety standards developed do not align well with educational prototype vehicles because the standards are designed for corporations. The hybrid vehicle supervisory controller example within this thesis demonstrates how to define a system and then perform system-level analytical techniques to identify potential failures and associated requirements. Ultimately, through this analysis suggestions are made on how best to reduce system complexity and improve system safety of a student built prototype vehicle.Master of Science
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Cheng, Doasheng. "Uncertainty analysis of large risk assessment models with applications to the Railway Safety and Standards Board safety risk model." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11806.
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Hartz, Wayne Edward. "21st-Century U.S. Safety Professional Educational Standards: Establishing Minimum Baccalaureate Graduate Learning Outcomes for Emerging Occupational Health and Safety Professionals." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1387378108.
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Siegert, Joachim, Wilhelm Kirch, and Christoph Schindler. "Sicherheitskonzepte in der Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel und Medizingeräte – eine vergleichende Bewertung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1223725665119-30393.
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Die Sicherheitsphilosophie bei der Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel besteht in einer individuellen Prüfung der sicherheitsrelevanten Eigenschaften neuer Substanzen und ist durch das Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) geregelt. Nach pharmakologischen und toxikologischen Tests der Substanzen in Tierversuchen wird ihre Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit in klinischen Studien an gesunden Probanden und Patienten geprüft. Die Anzahl an Studienteilnehmern ist bei Arzneimitteln so bemessen, dass akute Risiken mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 0,1 % erfasst werden; seltenere Risiken werden in den Studien vor Zulassung nicht erfasst. Bei Medizingeräten erfolgt eine Konformitätsprüfung in Bezug auf die Einhaltung von Leistungsgrenzen und Sicherheitsstandards nach den Bestimmungen der Medizingeräteverordnung. Hinreichende Langzeitdaten fehlen bei beiden Verfahren zu Beginn der Vermarktung, sodass parallel zur Anwendung Anwendungsrisiken erfasst und bewertet werden müssenThe safety concepts applied in the development of new drugs are based on individual tests of each new chemical entity. The applicable law is codified in the German Medicines Act (AMG). Alongside animal experimentation (pharmacology and toxicology), efficacy and tolerability are evaluated in clinical trials conducted with healthy human volunteers and patients. The population exposure is calculated in such a way that acute effects with a probability of 0.1 % are displayed; rarer risks are usually not detected in clinical trials prior to the approval of new drugs. Medical devices are tested regarding their conformity with predefined safety standards and power intensities. Adequate long term data are still missing in both cases at the time of market launch. Consequently, it is necessary to report and assess risks during actual use
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Nguyen, Van Anh Wilson Norbert L. "Effects of food safety regulatory standards on seafood exports to US, EU and Japan." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1756.
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DeKryger, Todd Alan. "Food safety standards as corporate social responsibility a case study of infant food companies /." Diss., online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1683719661&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=3552&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Resource Development, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (Proquest, viewed on Aug. 20, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-208). Also issued in print.
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Reeder, James Allen. "Use of Physician Credentialing Standards by U.S. Medical Services Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4554.
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Credentialing in hospitals is the first line of defense for improving patient safety and reducing medical errors by verifying a physician's medical knowledge and skills. There is no single set of standards for physician credentialing followed by all hospitals in the United States. Using May's normalization process theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to survey medical services professionals (MSPs) to determine which physician credentialing standards were being used, the sources being used, and the frequency of standards used. The dependent variables in this study were the 13 ideal credentialing standards developed by the National Association of Medical Staff Services (NAMSS). The independent variables were the methods MSPs use to satisfy the credentialing standard, or the way in which a hospital performs this function. The independent variables were measured using Likert-scale responses (always, almost always, sometimes, almost never, and never) and the dependent variables were measured by frequency of responses to each standard. A questionnaire was sent to 5,634 members of NAMSS. Findings from 364 responses indicated every facility had at least 1% of MSPs who almost never or never performed a particular standard in accordance with the ideal credentialing standards. A distribution table was used to measure the results, both individually and percentages of the total. To determine if there was a difference in credentialing standards based on hospital size or geographic location, a chi square was used. The results of this study demonstrated there are areas for improvement in physician credentialing. Results may be used to safeguard the public from fraudulent representation through implementation of a national credentialing standard.
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CARRER, FILHO DURVAL. "Avaliacao de requisitos de seguranca em laser de diodo para fins cirurgicos de acordo com a legislacao brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9628.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
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Clough, Jennifer. "A risk control management system in the ISO 9000 format for Company XYZ." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998choughj.pdf.
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CARVALHO, CLAUDIA A. Z. de. "Sistema de gestao integrado: melhores praticas para laboratorios radioecologicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9573.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Azman, Ahmet, and Sabra Meradi. "Development of an engraving machineby designing a protection cabin for laser marking." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29509.
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The “Development of an existing engraving machine by designing a protection cabin for laser marking”project consists of the achievement of a protection cabin for a marking laser by applying the theory and the experience acquired during the courses in Mechanical Engineering program. Degree project is made with the Maskinteknik i Oskharsham AB by the Mechanical Engineering student, Ahmet Azman and Sabra Meradi. This protection cabin is design for the Deckel GK 21 engraving machine that company already bought it several years ago. The safety requirements for laser protection cabin shown in IEC and ISO standard will be observed. The design process explained in the GETTING DESIGN RIGHT: A Systems Approach book will be followed to achieve this project. Six steps of this method are followed: Define the problem, Measure the needs and set targets, Explore the design space, Optimize design choices, Develop the architecture, Validate the project.
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Walpole, Mark Edward. "Intrinsically Safe (IS) Active Power Supplies." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15896/.
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Intrinsically safe (IS) active power supplies subjected to certain transient load conditions can deliver power to a circuit at significantly higher levels than indicated on their nameplate ratings. During a transient load such as an intermittent short-circuit, energy is transferred from the power supply to the short-circuit and an electrical arc may form when the short-circuit is applied or removed. This poses a spark ignition risk as energy is transferred from the arc to the surrounding atmosphere. Currently various International and Australian Standards define the performance requirements for IS electrical apparatus. A duly accredited laboratory is required to establish the intrinsic safety compliance of an apparatus with the Standards. It involves an assessment of the apparatus and may include testing. The assessment of the apparatus determines adequate segregation, separation, construction, and selection of components. The tests performed on the apparatus include a temperature rise test and in some cases, the sparking potential of the circuit is tested using the spark test apparatus (STA). Testing the sparking potential of active power supplies to establish compliance adds significantly to the time and costs involved in establishing compliance. A new alternative assessment method is proposed in this report to augment or replace the testing phase of the compliance certification process for active power supplies. The proposed alternative assessment method (PAAM) is derived from a determination of the steady-state and transient output characteristics of the active power supply under consideration. Parameters such as peak output current, time constant of peak current decay, and the output voltages at these times are measured from the circuit's output characteristics. These measurements can subsequently be used to derive the topology and component values of an equivalent circuit. The resulting equivalent circuit is then considered like a linear power supply and the sparking potential can be determined using existing assessment methods. This thesis investigates in detail the equivalent circuit of a number of direct current (DC) active power supplies whose transient output characteristics exhibit predominantly capacitive behaviour. The results of the PAAM using the equivalent circuit are then compared with results achieved using the current testing procedure with a STA. A small sample of active power supplies is used to generate data from which a relationship between the current testing procedure and the PAAM can be established. The PAAM developed in this research project can be used as a pre-compliance check by designers, manufacturers, or IS testing stations. A failure of this test would indicate that the active power supply's sparking energy is not low enough to be regarded as intrinsically safe. The PAAM requires fewer resources to establish a result than the STA. The benefits of a simplified spark ignition test would flow on from designers and manufacturers to end users.
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Swiecicki, Ewa. "Legal aspects of licensing of airline transport pilots : international standards versus Canadian aviation safety regulations." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61155.
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The laws and regulations governing certification of aviation personnel constitute one of the essential elements of aviation legislation. They have a significant effect upon the global safety of the civil air transportation system.This dissertation aims at describing the existing regulations in the field of pilot licensing. Its scope is narrowed down to the highest category of licence applicable to professional pilots and known as the airline transport pilot licence. The thesis depicts and analyses the process of creation and the contents of licensing standards and recommended practices as developed by various ICAO bodies and incorporated in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention.
The survey of pilot licensing system currently in force in Canada provides the example of domestic legislation applicable in this respect. It is performed with the aim of exploring the compatibility of Canadian law with the global legal requirements as prescribed in Annex 1 and other supporting ICAO documentation.
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Lux, Nicole. "Measurement of compliance costs for US food quality and safety standards for European export businesses." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394149.
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Chemnitz, Christine. "The impact of food safety and quality standards on developing countries agricultural producers and exports." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16523.
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Der internationale Agrarhandel ist zunehmend durch Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards bestimmt. Standards definieren Regeln und Konditionen der Teilnahme an Wertschöpfungsketten und führen dadurch zu einer Umverteilung von Marktanteilen innerhalb dieser Wertschöpfungskette. Für einige Produzenten eröffnen Standards und Zertifizierungssysteme neue Vermarktungsmöglichkeiten, da sie den Zugang zu speziellen Marktsegmenten ermöglichen. Gleichzeitig aber ist der durch die zunehmend strengen Qualitätsstandards eingeleitete Prozess der Umverteilung begleitet von Marginalisierung und Marktausschluss. Dies geschieht, wenn bestimmte Produzenten die Anforderungen der standardisierten oder zertifizierten Produktion nicht erfüllen können. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit analysiert die in Wissenschaft und Politik wiederholt geäußerte Annahme, dass Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards ein spezielles Hindernis für den Marktzugang von Entwicklungsländern auf die Märkte der Industrieländer darstellen. Des Weiteren wird angenommen, dass in Entwicklungsländern insbesondere kleinere Produzenten Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards nicht erfüllen können und an der Marktteilnahme ausgeschlossen werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht die vorliegende Arbeit drei zentralen Fragen nach: a) in welcher Weise beeinflussen Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards die Marktanteile der Entwicklungsländer auf dem internationalen Agrarmarkt b) in welcher Weise wirken sich Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards speziell auf kleinbäuerliche Produzenten aus und c) welche Einflüsse entscheiden darüber, dass Produzenten Standards übernehmen oder nicht. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, dass sich die Marktanteile unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsländer unter dem Einfluss zunehmend strenger Nahrungsmittelsicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards sehr unterschiedlich entwickelt haben. Weiterhin deuten die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit darauf hin, dass ein starkes staatliches Engagement und die Einbindung des Privatsektors sich positiv auf die Fähigkeit eines Landes auswirken, mit den neuen Marktanforderungen umzugehen, was dann zu einer positiven Entwicklung der Marktanteile führt. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die kleinbäuerliche Produzenten aus theoretischer Perspektive durchaus einen komparativen Nachteil in der Anpassung an bestimmte Standards haben können, wenn die speziellen Eigenschaften kleinbäuerlicher Produktionssysteme in Betracht gezogen werden. Diese zeichnen sich unter anderem durch die Schwierigkeit aus, Informationen über Standards und Zertifizierungssysteme zu generieren und diese zu implementieren. Dennoch zeigt die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit durchgeführte Fallstudie des marokkanischen Tomatensektors, dass die Größe der Produktion nur schwach mit den Anpassungskosten korreliert. Die Fallstudie macht deutlich, dass die Produzenten über die Anforderungen und Bedürfnisse der Käufer informiert sein müssen. Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, wie wichtig die vertikale Integration in die Wertschöpfungskette ist, um diese Informationen zu erhalten, da diese Informationen kaum horizontal zwischen den Produzenten kommuniziert werden.The agricultural trading environment is increasingly determined by food safety and quality standards. Standards define the terms of chain membership, imply rules and conditions for participation, and hence lead to processes of (re)distribution within the chain. For some producers, standards may open up new opportunities as they permit market access to particular market segments. At the same time, the process of (re)distributing market shares is accompanied by marginalization and exclusion, as standards may impose prohibitively high barriers for certain producers in terms of the short-term and long-term efforts needed for production under certification. This thesis aims to have a closer look at the concern voiced by many researchers that food safety and quality standards establish a particular burden for exports from developing countries and, within the developing countries, for the small producers. Coming from this starting point the thesis aims to establish a detailed understanding of a) how developing countries` export shares are affected differently by food safety and quality standards, b) the particular impact of food safety and quality standards on small producers and c) the compliance decision process standards at the producer level. Results of the thesis show that developing countries are a heterogeneous group that shows various different tendencies regarding market share development under the impact of strengthening food standards. In addition, the analysis showed that “being small” in terms of export quantity at the country level does not necessarily lead to a negative impact of food safety and quality standards on the export share. Results of the analysis rather hint to the fact that a stronger involvement of the government and the private sector in SPS activities as well as a better communication structure within the country increase SPS capacity of a country and thus have a positive effect on a successful export performance. The same differentiated perspective is necessary to understand the impact of food safety and quality standards on small producers. On a theoretical basis small farmers could well have a comparative disadvantage in complying with quality standards owing to their specific endowments, which hamper their ability to acquire information on the standard and to implement it. However, empirical evidence of the Moroccan case study shows that farm size only correlates marginally with the cost or compliance. The survey rather shows how important the forward integration in the value chain is in order to understand the importance of food safety and quality standards for the marketing performance. To maintain market shares or even increase those in high quality markets, producers need information about the buyers’ requirements. Results of the survey show the importance of vertical coordination and direct information exchange between downstream actors, buyers and producers as information on buyer’s demands is rarely communicated horizontally amongst the farmers themselves.
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Stuart, Chad. "Effective monitoring, measurement and control of occupational safety and health standards for small business general contractors." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008stuartc.pdf.
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Li, Xiaoqian. "The Effects of Food Safety Standards on Trade and Welfare: The Case of EU Shrimp Imports." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/30.
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This research explores the link between a gravity model and welfare frameworks and then applies the quantitative model system to analyze how trade and welfare is affected by the Minimum Required Performance Limits (MRPL) in the shrimp importing market of European Union.
The quantitative model system consists of two parts: first, this study uses the “phi-ness” gravity model to investigate the trade effects of MRPL on EU shrimp market. The “phi-ness” gravity model partitions the standard variables to avoid biased estimation caused by the correlation between time and country fixed effects and policy variables. The Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method is incorporated into the estimation in order to control for the zero valued observations.
Second, based on the theoretic foundation of the gravity model, this research sets up the specific nested Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) model of consumers’ utility and further explores the linkage between these two models. The nested CES model incorporates the effects of MRPL on consumers’ confidence in domestic food as well as foreign food imported from developed and developing countries.
The empirical results confirm a consistent fact with previous empirical studies: stricter MRPL has significant and negative effects on trade integration between EU and trading partners with lower level of food safety standards. The welfare analysis shows that the zero tolerance policy of MRPL standard would dramatically enhance consumers’ demand for domestic shrimps and foreign shrimps imported from developed countries but reduce the quantity of shrimp supplied from developing countries. It is also indicated that the increased level of MRPL lead to an increase in welfare of domestic consumers, suppliers in developing countries, and in total international trade, as well as a decrease in the welfare of domestic suppliers and foreign suppliers from developed countries.
The empirical results also indicate that the combination of GM and Welfare Approach can also be applied to research on other standards or other industries.
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Asplund, Fredrik. "Risks Related to the Use of Software Tools when Developing Cyber-Physical Systems : A Critical Perspective on the Future of Developing Complex, Safety-Critical Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152672.
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The increasing complexity and size of modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has led to a sharp decline in productivity among CPS designers. Requirements on safety aggravate this problem further, both by being difficult to ensure and due to their high importance to the public. Tools, or rather efforts to facilitate the automation of development processes, are a central ingredient in many of the proposed innovations to mitigate this problem. Even though the safety-related implications of introducing automation in development processes have not been extensively studied, it is known that automation has already had a large impact on operational systems. If tools are to play a part in mitigating the increase in safety-critical CPS complexity, then their actual impact on CPS development, and thereby the safety of the corresponding end products, must be sufficiently understood. An survey of relevant research fields, such as system safety, software engineering and tool integration, is provided to facilitate the discussion on safety-related implications of tool usage. Based on the identification of industrial safety standards as an important source of information and considering that the risks posed by separate tools have been given considerable attention in the transportation domain, several high-profile safety standards in this domain have been surveyed. According to the surveyed standards, automation should primarily be evaluated on its reliable execution of separate process steps independent of human operators. Automation that only supports the actions of operators during CPS development is viewed as relatively inconsequential. A conceptual model and a reference model have been created based on the surveyed research fields. The former defines the entities and relationships most relevant to safety-related risks associated with tool usage. The latter describes aspects of tool integration and how these relate to each other. By combining these models, a risk analysis could be performed and properties of tool chains which need to be ensured to mitigate risk identified. Ten such safety-related characteristics of tool chains are described. These safety-related characteristics provide a systematic way to narrow down what to look for with regard to tool usage and risk. The hypothesis that a large set of factors related to tool usage may introduce risk could thus be tested through an empirical study, which identified safety-related weaknesses in support environments tied both to high and low levels of automation. The conclusion is that a broader perspective, which includes more factors related to tool usage than those considered by the surveyed standards, will be needed. Three possible reasons to disregard such a broad perspective have been refuted, namely requirements on development processes enforced by the domain of CPS itself, certain characteristics of safety-critical CPS and the possibility to place trust in a proven, manual development process. After finding no strong reason to keep a narrow perspective on tool usage, arguments are put forward as to why the future evolution of support environments may actually increase the importance of such a broad perspective. Suggestions for how to update the mental models of the surveyed safety standards, and other standards like them, are put forward based on this identified need for a broader perspective.Den ökande komplexiteten och storleken på Cyber-Fysiska System (CPS) har lett till att produktiviteten i utvecklingen av CPS har minskat kraftigt. Krav på att CPS ska vara säkra att använda förvärrar problemet ytterligare, då dessa ofta är svåra att säkerställa och samtidigt av stor vikt för samhället. Mjukvaruverktyg, eller egentligen alla insatser för att automatisera utvecklingen av CPS, är en central komponent i många innovationer menade att lösa detta problem. Även om forskningen endast delvis studerat säkerhetsrelaterade konsekvenser av att automatisera produktutveckling, så är det känt att automation har haft en kraftig (och subtil) inverkan på operationella system. Om verktyg ska lösa problemet med en ökande komplexitet hos säkerhetskritiska CPS, så måste verktygens påverkan på produktutveckling, och i förlängningen på det säkra användandet av slutprodukterna, vara känd. Den här boken ger en översikt av forskningsfronten gällande säkerhetsrelaterade konsekvenser av verktygsanvändning. Denna kommer från en litteraturstudie i områdena systemsäkerhet, mjukvaruutveckling och verktygsintegration. Industriella säkerhetsstandarder identifieras som en viktig informationskälla. Då riskerna med användandet av enskilda verktyg har undersökts i stor utsträckning hos producenter av produkter relaterade till transport, studeras flera välkända säkerhetsstandarder från denna domän. Enligt de utvalda standarderna bör automation primärt utvärderas utifrån dess förmåga att självständigt utföra enskilda processteg på ett robust sätt. Automation som stödjer operatörers egna handlingar ses som tämligen oviktig. En konceptuell modell och en referensmodell har utvecklats baserat på litteraturstudien. Den förstnämnda definierar vilka entiteter och relationer som är av vikt för säkerhetsrelaterade konsekvenser av verktygsanvändning. Den sistnämnda beskriver olika aspekter av verktygsintegration och hur dessa relaterar till varandra. Genom att kombinera modellerna och utföra en riskanalys har egenskaper hos verktygskedjor som måste säkerställas för att undvika risk identifierats. Tio sådana säkerhetsrelaterade egenskaper beskrivs. Dessa säkerhetsrelaterade egenskaper möjliggör ett systematiskt sätt att begränsa vad som måste beaktas under studier av risker relaterade till verktygsanvändning. Hypotesen att ett stort antal faktorer relaterade till verktygsanvändning innebär risk kunde därför testas i en empirisk studie. Denna studie identifierade säkerhetsrelaterade svagheter i utvecklingsmiljöer knutna både till höga och låga nivåer av automation. Slutsatsen är att ett brett perspektiv, som inkluderar fler faktorer än de som beaktas av de utvalda standarderna, kommer att behövas i framtiden. Tre möjliga orsaker till att ett bredare perspektiv ändå skulle vara irrelevant analyseras, nämligen egenskaper specifika för CPS-domänen, egenskaper hos säkerhetskritiska CPS och möjligheten att lita på en beprövad, manuell process. Slutsatsen blir att ett bredare perspektiv är motiverat, och att den framtida utvecklingen av utvecklingsmiljöer för CPS sannolikt kommer att öka denna betydelse. Baserat på detta breda perspektiv läggs förslag fram för hur de mentala modellerna som bärs fram av de utvalda säkerhetstandarderna (och andra standarder som dem) kan utvecklas.
QC 20141001
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Holleran, Erin. "ISO 9000, transaction costs and food safety in the UK food sector /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841151.
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Koubeková, Eva. "Hodnotenie kvality zdravotníckych systémov." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17108.
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Quality assessment of healthcare systems is considered to be the basic tool of developing strategic concepts in healthcare quality improvement and has a great impact on quality of life. The thesis' main focus is on possibilities of quality assessment on international quality model level and its transformation into national structures. It includes teoretical points of quality and economic evaluation of quality in healthcare. The objective is to assess the participation of czech hospitals in healthcare quality evaluation systems.
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Rein, Johanna, and Michaela Swanson. "From Pond to Plate : The implementation of standards in Global Value Chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256478.
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Increased international trade has sparked a debate on the need to coordinate dispersedactivities in Global Value Chains, linking production to end consumers. Implementationof standards has in the literature on Global Value Chains been suggested as a wayto coordinate a value chain. We have investigated the value chain of shrimp andprawns production in Bangladesh, in order to analyze if standards placed by the EUhave proven a successful way to coordinate the value chain. The implementation ofstandards has been studied to capture the coordination in the value chain. A singlecase study was conducted with interviews from a sample of actors in direct or closeconnection to the production of shrimp and prawns in Bangladesh. The focus of thestudy has been on the perspectives of the individuals and if and how standards areimplemented successfully in a social context. The attempt has been to bridgeunderstandings of implementation of standards together with knowledge of the complexnature of Global Value Chains. The results show that there are multiple challengesto successful implementation of standards. Hurdles can especially be linked tothe ability to follow standards where lack of human- and financial resources havebeen found. In addition, the will to follow standards can have an impact when traditionalmethods stand in the way and immediate financial incentives are not in place.
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Ndou, Portia. "The competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the face of the changing global health and environmental standards." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/477.
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In recent years, concern about food safety linked to health issues has seen a rise in private food safety standards in addition to the regulations set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). These have presented challenges to producers and exporters of agricultural food products especially the producers of fresh fruits and vegetables. In spite of the food safety-linked challenges from the demand side, the vast range of business-environment forces pose equally formidable challenges that negatively impact on the exporting industries’ ability to maintain or improve their market shares and their ability to compete in world markets. The objective of this study was therefore to establish the competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the international markets within this prevailing scenario. Due to the diversity of the definitions of competitiveness as a concept, this study formulated the following working definition: “the ability to create, deliver and maintain value and constant market share through strategic management of the industrial environment or competitiveness drivers”. This was based on the understanding that the international market shares of an industry are a function of forces in the business environment which range from intra-industry, external and national as well as the international elements. The unit of analysis were the citrus producers engaged in export of their products and the study made use of 151 responses by producers. The study adopted a five-step approach to the analysis of the performance of the South African citrus industry in the global markets, starting with the analysis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) of the South African citrus industry in various world markets, establishing the impact of the business environmental factors upon competitiveness, establishing the costs of compliance with private food safety standards, determining the non-price benefits of compliance with the standards, as well as highlighting the strategies for enhancing long-term competitiveness of the industry in the international markets. South Africa is one of the top three countries dominating the citrus fruit export market. Since its entry into the citrus fruit exports market in the 1900s, the industry has sustained its activity in the international market. The Constant Market Share Analysis shows that, amidst the challenges on the international market side, and the changes in the business environment, over much of which the industry has limited control and influence, the industry has maintained its competitive advantage in several markets. The CMS shows that South Africa’s lemons are competitive in America. Despite a negative trend, the South African grapefruit has been competitive in France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Oranges have been competitive in the Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK, Asian and Northern Europe markets. Competitiveness in these markets has been due to the inherent competitiveness of the industry. Competitiveness in such markets as the Middle East has been attributed to the relatively rapid growth of these markets. The South African citrus industry has similarly undergone many major processes of transformation. The business environmental factors influencing its performance have ranged reform to the challenges beyond the country’s borders. These factors directly and indirectly affect the performance of the industry in the export market. They have influenced the flow of fruits into different international destinations. Of major concern are the food safety and private standards. Challenges in traditional markets as well as opportunities presented by demand from newly emerging citrus consuming nations have seen a diversification in the marketing of the South African citrus. The intensity of competition in the global market is reflected by the fluctuations in the market shares in different markets as well as the increase and fluctuations of fruit rejection rates in some lucrative markets such as America. A combination of challenging national environmental forces and stringent demand conditions negatively impact on revenues especially from markets characterised by price competitiveness. This study identified cost of production, foreign market support systems, adaptability, worker skills, challenges of management in an international environment and government policies such as labour and trade policies as some of the most influential obstacles to competitiveness. Some of the most competiveness-enhancing factors were market availability, market size, market information, market growth and the availability of research institutions. However, compliance with private standards still poses a challenge to the exporters. The different performance levels of the industry in various markets prove the dissimilarity of the demand conditions in the global market. These are supported by the negative influence associated with the foreign market support regimes as well as the challenges associated with compliance with private food safety standards. While market availability, market growth, market information and size were identified as enhancing competitiveness, the fluctuations and inconsistencies in the competitiveness of the industry in different foreign markets require more than finding markets. Resource allocation by both the government and the industry may need to take into account the off-setting of the national challenges and support of farmers faced with distorted and unfair international playing fields. Otherwise, market availability is not a challenge for the industry save meeting the specifications therewith as well as price competitiveness which is unattainable for the South African citrus producers faced with high production costs. For the purposes of further study, it is recommended that account should be taken of all the products marketed by the industry (including processed products such as fruit juices) in order to have a whole picture of the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. This study also proffers a new theoretical framework for the analysis of the business environment for the citrus industry and other agro-businesses. This framework takes into account the indispensability of the food safety standards and measures as well as the diversity of the global consumer and the non-negotiability of food trade for the sustenance of the growing population.
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Bain, Carmen Marea Thora. "Food safety standards : how risk management programmes are negotiated, constructed, and contested in the New Zealand meat industry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10682.
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In 1999 the Animal Products Act was passed into law. This Act fundamentally alters the way that meat safety standards are implemented in the New Zealand meat industry by legislating the introduction of risk management programmes (RMP) to manage hazards in meat products. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) holds that RMP strengthens meat safety standards by ensuring that they are based on objective science rather than the subjective judgements of government meat inspectors. MAF explains that this will also allow the government to establish a unified New Zealand meat safety standard to which all parties may be held accountable. This thesis explores MAF's assertion that RMP and the New Zealand standard are the products of an objective, scientific method. My central argument is that the construction, implementation, and monitoring of RMP and the New Zealand meat safety standard are not the product of some privileged scientific process. Instead, I argue that they are negotiated, constructed, and contested by networks made up of both human and nonhuman actors in the meat sector and that their outcomes are a product of this process. My study is based on a textual analysis of government and meat industry documents together with twenty-five semi-structured interviews with representatives from the government, the meat industry and other stakeholders within the network surrounding the meat sector.
This thesis focuses on the arguments and methods that MAF used to win various actors to a new network based on RMP and the New Zealand standard. What linked this network together was not a unified understanding of the scientific benefits of risk management but rather a concern for how to ensure that the meat industry would remain internationally competitive and profitable. Instituting a new arrangement for meat safety based on RMP emerged as the means to achieve this. The assumption being that RMP would reduce costs and increase flexibility in the meat industry and thereby ensure market access internationally.
As the thesis illustrates, however, this goal has been difficult to achieve as attempts by MAF to construct and negotiate the implementation of new meat safety standards has been contested by other actors within the network at every stage.
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Jost, Henning [Verfasser]. "Reasoning on Domain Knowledge and Technical Standards to Support the Development of Safety-Critical Automotive Systems / Henning Jost." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025821602/34.
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Messerli, Andrew P. "High School Band Directors’ Sound Exposure Levels Relative to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Workplace Standards." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1205934918.
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Dennett, Michael Frederick. "An exploration of the basis of calculation of 'standards of fire cover' in member states of the European Union and the potential for a rational economic model." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19726/.
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This work has investigated the possibility of developing a model, capable of being used to harmonise standards of fire cover within the EU. The model had to take into account social, humanitarian, economic and environmental factors and the built environment in determining an appropriate emergency response by fire brigades to rescues, fires and contamination of land, air and watercourses. The resulting standards had to be socially acceptable and economically defensible. After examining existing standards of fire cover and the means of determining those standards, all current research into standards of fire cover and related issues was reviewed. A study was also undertaken into fire science, the means of predicting frequency of fire and the means of limiting the incidence and size of fires. Economics, as applied to local and national government and as applied to fire safety systems and fire services was explored. From that initial research it was concluded that the fundamental concepts of fire cover had remained unchanged since the restructuring of fire brigades throughout Europe during the late 1940's and had no relevance to the modern built environment. While some aspects of existing policies and some elements of current research were of value, this work has developed new concepts, including. • Functional requirements for common fire and non-fire emergencies. • Entry preparation time based on the criteria, "The time at which fire fighting shall commence." • Limiting fire size in buildings to "As Small As Reasonably Practicable for a Set Duration" for property protection. • Quantifying the term "As Small As Reasonably Practicable". • Defining a Standard Predetermined Attendance (SPDA) for all incidents. • Determining optimum attendance time limits dependent on the frequency of calls and the installed fire protection features in buildings. • A method of calculating an economic base for determining critical call numbers. • A means of establishing the optimum location of fire stations within a given area. • The number of SPDA's required at each fire station related to total workload. • The provision of assistance to areas that are outside maximum attendance times. The economic model that has resulted, accurately includes all of the potential economic, social, and political variations as the basis of calculation of Standards of Fire Cover in individual Member States of the European Union. It is the contention of this thesis that it is possible to construct formulae, based on sound economic principals, which are capable of being applied to the different fiscal situation in different countries, thereby ensuring similar relative standards.
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PANSINI, MARIO. "Avaliacao de requisitos de seguranca em lasers terapeuticos de baixa intensidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10971.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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CAMPOS, FABIO E. de. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo de cela para processamento de radiofarmacos injetaveis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9511.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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ROCHA, ERNESTO D. "Análise de riscos toxicológicos e ambientais na exposição ocupacional aos resíduos de armas de fogo (GSR/ firing ranges): uma proposta de normalização." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25673.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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BARBOZA, ALEX. "Gestao de rejeitos radioativos em servicos de medicina nuclear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9377.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Hellqvist, Eva-Lotta. "När elev och vårdnadshavare blir-de andra." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1162.
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One of sociology´s to assess the effects of political decision. According to sociologist Anders Persson the society is changing, and in that change social fear appear. In the reaction of social fear some people are being excluded. In that more narrow frame for normality laws are created that makes some parents and their children “the other”. Nine years ago the sociologist Eva Kärfve published a book that was very critical to the newborn psychiatrics diagnosing of children as a way of segregating groups in society. I am sad to say but she was right. According to the theory of Howard Becker I use a social interaction perspective to understand and interpret people´s actions. This perspective means that people through their actions creates phenomena in society. Becker´s book Tricks of the trade gives tools to investigate situations in society. The purpose of this study is to through a case study increase the understanding of a parent´s experiences in a case where municipality moved a pupil against the parents will. The method is case study, where the bulk is an interview with a pupil´s parents. The study shows the steps of human interaction that lead to the moving of a pupil against the parents will. The result indicates that the decision of what a violation of the norm is decides if the new law is to be executed. I present the school´s action from a view of the society and conclude with the questions: If we are using laws instead of giving schools economic resources, is that really what we want? If just one child is taken away from his school for the wrong reasons, is that not a case too much? The sociology is supposed to plead people without a voice cause. Reflect a structure of society and elucidate problems according to different theoretic perspectives. For me personally, the area of problem preceded the method. This study had not been what it is without the case. It takes a great deal of courage to invite a stranger to one´s home and talk about painful experiences. In the end I like to purpose that life is for everybody.0709902656
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Osman, Adnan Abdi. "En kartläggning av de vanligaste standarderna inom livsmedelsbranschen och deras koppling till livsmedelslagstiftningen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-176856.
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The Swedish Food Safety Authority is working to develop a new model for risk classification to classify food companies. An objective of the new risk classification model is to enable food companies to obtain reduced control time through third-party certifications. The purpose of this study was to map out the most common standards in the food industry and to evaluate how relevant they are for food safety legislation. An investigation was made of the content in four selected standards to assess how relevant they were for the food legislation. Surveys were designed to study how common the standards were. One survey was sent to municipalities in northern and southern regions in Sweden. Another survey was sent to companies and trade associations. There are significantly more municipalities that have heard about the selected standards than municipalities that have not. All trade associations stated that they knew one or more of the standards. The review of the standards reveals that the standards are relevant for compliance with food legislation. The standards cover the food legislation, such as product traceability, HACCP, and allergens. Trade associations and companies were more convinced about a decreased need for control through certifications in comparison with control authorities. In conclusion, a future national classification model should allow control authorities to determine when it is appropriate to reduce the need for control through third-party certification. Certification against the selected standards can be used to reduce control time, but a study needs to be done on how to use them.
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Pires, Xavier Alexandre Cabaceira. "Implementação do referencial IFS (International Food Standard) numa indústria de produção de leveduras para panificação e pastelaria." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4124.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe growing concern over food safety companies with international presence and the requirements of many European retailers and wholesalers increase the need for integration with other standard quality management systems. The work consists in study the implementation of standard IFS in an industry that produces yeast for baking and pastry, Lallemand Ibéria, SA. In a preliminary step, it was obtained the International Food Standard version 5 - which includes guides, guidelines and requirements for the certification process. The standard has been studied and analyzed in order to understand the best methods to meet the requirements, and was researched the applicable legislation to food and the published literature. It was made a pre-audit to evaluate the current situation of the company. Then it was found and worked out all the associated documentation, as well as an action plan and changes to be considered for the implementation of the standard. In this context has been revised the quality and food safety systems implemented and were made significant changes in the company to adapt to the requirements of this standard.
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Ait, Hou Mohamed <1978>. "Export Supply Chain Organization and Food Safety and Quality Standards: a case study of the Moroccan Fruit and Vegetable Sector." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5918/.
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Agri-food supply chains extend beyond national boundaries, partially facilitated by a policy environment that encourages more liberal international trade. Rising concentration within the downstream sector has driven a shift towards “buyer-driven” global value chains (GVCs) extending internationally with global sourcing and the emergence of multinational key economic players that compete with increase emphasis on product quality attributes.
Agri-food systems are thus increasingly governed by a range of inter-related public and private standards, both of which are becoming a priori mandatory, especially in supply chains for high-value and quality-differentiated agri-food products and tend to strongly affect upstream agricultural practices, firms’ internal organization and strategic behaviour and to shape the food chain organization.
Notably, increasing attention has been given to the impact of SPS measures on agri-food trade and notably on developing countries’ export performance. Food and agricultural trade is the vital link in the mutual dependency of the global trade system and developing countries. Hence, developing countries derive a substantial portion of their income from food and agricultural trade. In Morocco, fruit and vegetable (especially fresh) are the primary agricultural export. Because of the labor intensity, this sector (especially citrus and tomato) is particularly important in terms of income and employment generation, especially for the female laborers hired in the farms and packing houses. Hence, the emergence of agricultural and agrifood product safety issues and the subsequent tightening of market requirements have challenged mutual gains due to the lack of technical and financial capacities of most developing countries.
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Theus, Salma. "Factors Influencing U.S Army Personnel Meeting Body Mass Index Standards." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3642160.
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U.S. Army Regulations require soldiers to be fit, as excessive weight negatively impacts their readiness, health, and morale. A quantitative study examined if personal, behavioral, and/or environmental factors predict a soldier’s self-efficacy and body mass index. Data were obtained from 117 soldiers on 6 scales: the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, the Army Physical Fitness Test, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Stress Management Questionnaire, the Lifestyle Assessment Inventory, and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if personal (intellectual capabilities and physical fitness), behavioral (lifestyle and stress management), and/or environmental (supervisor leadership) factors predict self-efficacy and body mass index in a convenience sample of battalion personnel. The analysis showed that lifestyle and stress management behavioral factors predict self-efficacy, whereas physical fitness predicts body mass index. In addition, there were significant correlations between self-efficacy, personal factors, and behavioral factors; between personal factors, behavioral factors, and body mass index; and between behavioral and environmental factors. Positive social change implications include the U.S. Army using these findings to promote healthy lifestyles, reduce stress, and increase physical fitness among soldiers to achieve higher self-efficacy and a lower body mass index. These findings also suggest that the military services would see better physical readiness by considering personal, behavioral, and environmental factors to meet standards.
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SILVA, JONAS O. da. "Desenvolvimento de câmaras de ionização especiais para controle de qualidade em mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10507.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP