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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SAFETY SYSTEMS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Bradley, Aaron R. "Safety analysis of systems /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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2

Dreany, Harry Hayes. "Safety Engineering of Computational Cognitive Architectures within Safety-Critical Systems." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10688677.

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<p> This paper presents the integration of an intelligent decision support model (IDSM) with a cognitive architecture that controls an autonomous non-deterministic safety-critical system. The IDSM will integrate multi-criteria, decision-making tools via intelligent technologies such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, machine learning, and genetic algorithms. </p><p> Cognitive technology is currently simulated within safety-critical systems to highlight variables of interest, interface with intelligent technologies, and provide an environment that improves the system’s cognitive performanc

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3

Reinhardt, Derek Wade. "Safety assurance of aviation systems." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6208/.

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From review of historical projects, there is evidence that limitations in contemporary safety assurance approaches for software-dependent systems contribute to programmatic and certification difficulties, e.g. delays and risk retention. These difficulties arise particularly in relation to evaluating risk of systematic behavioural anomalies and evidence shortfalls or deficiencies. These findings question the effectiveness of current safety assurance approaches. Although these problems are general, this thesis is grounded in the context of Australian Defence Force aviation projects. Through anal

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4

Masson, Lola. "Safety monitoring for autonomous systems : interactive elicitation of safety rules." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30220.

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Un moniteur de sécurité actif est un mécanisme indépendant qui est responsable de maintenir le système dans un état sûr, en cas de situation dangereuse. Il dispose d'observations (capteurs) et d'interventions (actionneurs). Des règles de sécurité sont synthétisées, à partir des résultats d'une analyse de risques, grâce à l'outil SMOF (Safety MOnitoring Framework), afin d'identifier quelles interventions appliquer quand une observation atteint une valeur dangereuse. Les règles de sécurité respectent une propriété de sécurité (le système reste das un état sûr) ainsi que des propriétés de permiss

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5

ZERO, ENRICO. "Systems engineering approaches to safety in transport systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1064736.

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During driving, driver behavior monitoring may provide useful information to prevent road traffic accidents caused by driver distraction. It has been shown that 90% of road traffic accidents are due to human error and in 75% of these cases human error is the only cause. Car manufacturers have been interested in driver monitoring research for several years, aiming to enhance the general knowledge of driver behavior and to evaluate the functional state as it may drastically influence driving safety by distraction, fatigue, mental workload and attention. Fatigue and sleepiness at the wheel are

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6

Almarshed, Amer. "Improving Safety in Hajj." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2016. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/339.

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7

Sgueglia, John. "Managing design changes using safety-guided design for a safety critical automotive system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106224.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2015.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99).<br>The use of software to control automotive safety critical functions, such as throttle, braking and steering has been increasing. The automotive indu

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8

Zhou, Jun. "Determination of Safety/Environmental Integrity Level for Subsea Safety Instrumented Systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23119.

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The master thesis describes, compares current methods in the literature, and proposes new methods for determination of safety/environmental integrity level of safety instrumented systems (SISs). These systems are used widely in many industry sectors to detect the onset of hazardous events and mitigate the consequences to humans, the environment and material assets. The main objective of this thesis has been to investigate the risk based approaches for determination of safety /environmental integrity level of SISs. The focus of the thesis is the risk graph and layer of protection analysis appro

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9

Ota, Shuichiro Daniel. "Assuring safety in high-speed magnetically levitated (maglev) systems : the need for a system safety approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45258.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145).<br>Magnetic levitation is a railway technology that enables vehicles to be magnetically suspended above their tracks. Although this technology is still under development, magnetically levitated (maglev) systems have great potential to introduce significant changes in today's transportation networks. This thesis proposes an approach to assuring safety in high-speed maglev systems. It examines characteristic features of the systems, and analyzes

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10

Ojdanic, Milos. "SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF SAFETY-RELATED CHALLENGES FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS IN SAFETY-CRITICAL APPLICATIONS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-43980.

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An increased focus on the development of autonomous safety-critical systems requiresmore attention at ensuring safety of humans and the environment. The mainobjective of this thesis is to explore the state of the art and to identify the safetyrelatedchallenges being addressed for using autonomy in safety-critical systems. Inparticular, the thesis explores the nature of these challenges, the different autonomylevels they address and the type of safety measures as proposed solutions. Above all,we focus on the safety measures by a degree of adaptiveness, time of being activeand their ability of d

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11

Fashandi, Ali R. M. "Stochastic analysis of robot-safety systems." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4112.

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Robot population is increasing at an incredible pace. Over the last fifteen years, robot population grew from 30,000 in 1983, to the forecasted 820,000 by the end of 1998. Their infancy period has come to an end and they are not just being used in the automotive industry or required to perform simple tasks. They are now being employed in various sectors of industry and handle much more complex operations. Increased robot system complexity and their critical applications utilization have led to various reliability and safety problems. In 1982, the Machine Tool Trade Associations guidelines stat

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Mahmoudi, Fashandi Ali R. "Stochastic analysis of robot-safety systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/NQ36781.pdf.

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13

Eriksson, Marcus. "Accelerator-driven systems : Safety and kinetics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Nuclear and reactor Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146.

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14

Jeppesen, B. P. "Enhancing safety in active suspension systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605592.

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Chapter 3 describes how a distributed control system architecture was designed, to fulfil the functional specification required of the vehicle. A safety review was performed on the conceptual design, which identified requirements for the control software and the need for an independent safe-shutdown system. The choice of hardware and a software development system for the co-ordinating <i>Global Controller</i> is described. The deign of the safe shutdown system is detailed. A multi-mode software structure is defined. Chapter 4 discusses the principles of fault detection, and their application i

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15

Bishnani, Zahir. "Safety criteria for aperiodic dynamical systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57617/.

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The use of dynamical system models is commonplace in many areas of science and engineering. One is often interested in whether the attracting solutions in these models are robust to perturbations of the equations of motion. This question is extremely important in situations where it is undesirable to have a large response to perturbations for reasons of safety. An especially interesting case occurs when the perturbations are aperiodic and their exact form is unknown. Unfortunately, there is a lack of theory in the literature that deals with this situation. It would be extremely useful to have

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16

Birkinshaw, Carl Ian. "Engineering communicative distributed safety-critical systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263801.

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May, John Hendy Robert. "Knowledge-based systems in engineering safety." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327937.

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18

Moskalenko, M. M., and V. V. Dulya-Borzenec. "Autonomous power supply for safety systems." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49068.

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It is well-known that in mines for mining equipment supply is used the high voltage values (U = 1140/660 V). Besides, the safety system’s devices are based on chip components that used the spark-safe voltage of lesser of 5 V. Taking into account this fact, for automation systems supply a lot of companies produced the low-voltage power supplies. To convert the high-voltage into low-voltage are used transformers or high-voltage capacitors in pulsed power supplies. These devices have a significantly overall dimension and are needed to use a bulk explosion-safe protective covers. There is also dif

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19

Hawkins, Janine D. "Planning and implementing safety management systems." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11768/.

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This thesis describes a study of the content and applicability of BS8800:1996 Guide to occupational health and safety management systems. The research is presented chronologically, with literature review and content analysis of SMS related guides and standards interwoven with two elements of qualitative empirical work. The first of these was carried out shortly after publication of BS8800 in 1996, a 'before-the-event' investigation of how organisations were intending to approach SMS implementation. The challenges faced by these organisations are reviewed against standard management theory, sug

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20

Sajjad, Imran. "Autonomous Highway Systems Safety and Security." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5696.

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Automated vehicles are getting closer each day to large-scale deployment. It is expected that self-driving cars will be able to alleviate traffic congestion by safely operating at distances closer than human drivers are capable of and will overall improve traffic throughput. In these conditions, passenger safety and security is of utmost importance. When multiple autonomous cars follow each other on a highway, they will form what is known as a cyber-physical system. In a general setting, there are tools to assess the level of influence a possible attacker can have on such a system, which then

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Aslansefat, K., Sohag Kabir, Amr R. A. Abdullatif, Vinod Vasudevan, and Y. Papadopoulos. "Toward Improving Confidence in Autonomous Vehicle Software: A Study on Traffic Sign Recognition Systems." IEEE, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18591.

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Yes<br>This article proposes an approach named SafeML II, which applies empirical cumulative distribution function-based statistical distance measures in a designed human-in-the loop procedure to ensure the safety of machine learning-based classifiers in autonomous vehicle software. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven decision-making systems in autonomous vehicles is growing rapidly. As autonomous vehicles operate in dynamic environments, the risk that they can face an unknown observation is relatively high due to insufficient training data, distributional shi

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22

Hawkins, Richard D. "Using safety contracts in the development of safety critical object-oriented systems." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437585.

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23

Yeun, Richard Chee Kin. "The Impact of Safety Management Systems on Safety Performance: Commercial Aviation Operations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367145.

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Aviation is a complex and safety-critical industry. Although the aviation system is one that cannot be completely free of hazards and associated risks, the final goal is always the elimination of aircraft accidents and/or serious incidents. Because there are no guarantees that human activities or human-built systems will be completely free from operational errors and their consequences, safety has to be a dynamic characteristic of the aviation system where risks to safety need to be constantly mitigated. The acceptabilit y of safety performance is frequently predisposed by domestic as well as

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Hilario, Grace. "Patient Safety Problems, Procedures, and Systems Associated with Safety Reporting and Turnover." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7103.

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Research has shown that 400,000 people die every year due to preventable medical errors. Medical error reporting and safety is a responsibility of all members of a health care organization. Creating an environment that addresses and prevents potential or actual safety problems can help reduce the incidence of medical errors made by nurses in the workplace. The purpose of this quantitative research study was to determine if nurses' perceptions of safety problems and error-preventing procedures and systems affected their comfort in reporting safety problems and intent to leave. High-reliability

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25

Tong, Choon Yin. "Architecting the safety assessment of large-scale systems integration." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FTong.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering and Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Paulo, Eugene. Second Reader: Rhoades, Mark. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Systems integration, System safety, System-of-Systems safety. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52). Also available in print.

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Jaradat, Omar Tawffeeq Saleem. "Automated Architecture-Based Verification of Safety-Critical Systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25207.

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Safety-critical systems require high quality and dependability levels, where system correctness and safety are major features to avoid any severe outcome. Time and cost are also important challenges that are imposed during the development process. Describing the behavior of a system in a high level provides a realistic vision and anticipation of the system. This presents a valuable opportunity for verifying the system before wasting the intended resources to develop the system. Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) provide the ability to comprise and represent the system level details of c

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27

Newbury, Brian. "Integrated health, safety and environmental management systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/integrated-health-safety-and-environmental-management-systems(6a947bb5-bda0-4466-9cb6-f02ad514cb9a).html.

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The continued rise in accident and ill health statistics throughout the member states of the European Union indicate that the standards of occupational health, safety and environmental control require further improvement to minimise the current level of loss. Management systems are regarded as an effective means of reducing this loss by continuously improving standards. Whilst there is much discussion and debate about the possibilities of integrating management systems, at present, there are no national or international published integrated management standards, although some multi-national co

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28

Warren, Bradley R. "A framework for software reuse in safety-critical system of systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FWarren.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Michael, James B. ; Shing, Mantak. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79). Also available in print.

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Salewski, Falk. "Empirical evaluations of safety-critical embedded systems." Aachen RWTH, Fachgruppe Informatik, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000120724/34.

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30

Black, Derrick Davidson. "Management of safety - a systems engineering approach." Thesis, Ulster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490744.

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In delivering Safety in systems it is not only essential to ensure that each part of the system is safe but that account is taken of the interrelationship between the components of the system and the relationship with its environment. When viewed from a System Engineering perspective safety is often "pigeon-holed" into non-functional aspects, while, when viewed from the standpoint of Engineering Management it is considered in terms of organisational culture. In reality, both views must be considered.

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31

Cheng, Shen. "Stochastic analysis of standby robot-safety systems." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27820.

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Nowadays, the application of robots covers almost all aspects of our daily life. They are used to perform increasing complex and critical operations. The increased critical applications have led to various reliability and safety problems, especially many people are injured and killed every year. This study presents reliability and availability analyses of six different standby robot-safety systems: one robot and (n-1) standby safety units with a perfect switch, one robot and (n-1) standby safety units with an imperfect switch, (n-1) standby robots and one safety unit with a perfect switch, (n-

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32

Bayton, David Andrew. "Optimised connection systems in dynamic safety barriers." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556577.

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33

Rao, Shrisha. "Safety and hazard analysis in concurrent systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2005. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/106.

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Peters, Alan J. "The safety of personal rapid transit systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539778.

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35

Kane, Aaron. "Runtime Monitoring for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/532.

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The trend towards more commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components in complex safety-critical systems is increasing the difficulty of verifying system correctness. Runtime verification (RV) is a lightweight technique to verify that certain properties hold over execution traces. RV is usually implemented as runtime monitors that can be used as runtime fault detectors or test oracles to analyze a system under test for bad behaviors. Most existing RV methods utilize some form of system or code instrumentation and thus are not designed to monitor potentially black-box COTS components. This thesis p

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36

Ödman, Torbjörn. "Wireless measurement systems for health and safety." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28765.

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This licentiate thesis presents an advanced wireless system, built on a single hardware platform, for applications in medicine and health. In order to design a single system, adaptable for different context, an accurate system specification is required. The technical requirements are authenticated by actual tests in the environment where the system is intended to be used. The results of these measurements give an understanding of the possibilities of designing a real system but also acts as a base for deriving the empirical formulas to be used as the basis of the development and verification.

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Marriott, Derek Garron. "Analysis of safety-critical parallel software systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388710.

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Johnson, Kip E. (Kip Edward) 1978. "Systems-theoretic safety analyses extended for coordination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108922.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-199).<br>When interdependent conditions exist among decision units, safety results in part from coordination. Safety analysis methods should correspondingly address coordination. However, state-of-the-art safety analysis methods have limited guidance for analytical inquiry into coordination between interdependent decision systems. This thesis presents theoretical and applied research to address the kn

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Akladios, Magdy. "Safety by design-- an expert systems approach /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1033.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 238 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-238).

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Al-Humam, Abdulaziz. "Service-oriented architectures for safety-critical systems." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11823/.

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Many organisations in the safety-critical domain are service-oriented, fundamentally centred on critical services provided by systems and operators. Increasingly, these services rely on software-intensive systems, e.g. medical health informatics and air traffic control, for improving the different aspects of industrial practice, e.g. enhancing efficiency through automation and safety through smart alarm systems. However, many services are categorised as high risk and as such it is vital to analyse the ways in which the software-based systems can contribute to unintentional harm and potentially

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Livadas, Carolos. "Formal verification of safety-critical hybrid systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42817.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-185).<br>This thesis investigates how the formal modeling and verification techniques of computer science can be used for the analysis of hybrid systems [7,14,22,37] - systems involving both discrete and continuous behavior. The motivation behind such research lies in the inherent similarity of the hierarchical and decentralized control strategies of hybrid systems and the communication and operation protocols used for distributed sy

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Kvam, Eva. "Effect of Safe Failures on the Reliability of Safety Instrumented Systems." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9809.

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<p>Safety instrumented systems (SISs) are of prime importance to the process industry to avoid catastrophic consequences or even loss of human life. The dangerous situations that any equipment may face should be analysed in order to quantify the associated risk and to choose a design of the SIS that reduces the risk to a tolerable level. The safe failure fraction (SFF) is a parameter defined in the standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, and is used to determine the need for additional channels that can activate the safety function if a failure is present. The standards consider a high SFF as an in

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Simpson, Andrew C. "Safety through security." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a690347-46af-42a4-91fe-170e492a9dd1.

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In this thesis, we investigate the applicability of the process algebraic formal method Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) [Hoa85] to the development and analysis of safetycritical systems. We also investigate how these tasks might be aided by mechanical verification, which is provided in the form of the proof tool Failures-Divergences Refinement (FDR) [Ros94]. Initially, we build upon the work of [RWW94, Ros95], in which CSP treatments of the security property of non-interference are described. We use one such formulation to define a property called protection, which unifies our views o

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Ljosland, Ingvar. "BUCS: Patterns and Robustness : Experimentation with Safety Patterns in Safety-Critical Software Systems." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10088.

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<p>In modern society, we rely on safely working software systems. This is the final report in a masters degree project to reveal key issues in the science field of computer software architecture and design of safety-critical software systems. A pre-study of a navigation system implied that functionality related problems and safety-critical problems do not stack one to one, but rather is a case of solving these aspects in different layers. This means that changes in software systems functionality do not necessary mean that change in safety-critical modules has to be done as well, and visa vers

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Chan, Kenneth H. W. "The application of formal methods in safety analysis for safety critical software systems." Thesis, Teesside University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411289.

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46

Mahsoon, Alaa. "The Relationships Among Systems Thinking, Safety Culture, Safety Competency and Safety Performance of Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1565193017213961.

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47

Owarish, Miles I. "Concepts of integration of fire safety systems with building services systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/523.

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48

Kuusisto, Arto. "Safety management systems : audit tools and reliability of auditing /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2000/P428.pdf.

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49

Pattison, Rachel Lesley. "Safety system design optimisation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22019.

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This thesis investigates the efficiency of a design optimisation scheme that is appropriate for systems which require a high likelihood of functioning on demand. Traditional approaches to the design of safety critical systems follow the preliminary design, analysis, appraisal and redesign stages until what is regarded as an acceptable design is achieved. For safety systems whose failure could result in loss of life it is imperative that the best use of the available resources is made and a system which is optimal, not just adequate, is produced. The object of the design optimisation problem is

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Canham, Aneurin. "Examining the application of STAMP in the analysis of patient safety incidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36150.

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Abstract:

This thesis examines the application of Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) in healthcare and the analysis of patient safety incidents. Healthcare organisations have a responsibility for the safety of the patients they are treating. This includes the avoidance of unintended or unexpected harm to people during the provision of care. Patient safety incidents, that is adverse events where patients are harmed, are investigated and analysed as accidents are in other safety-critical industries, to gain an understanding of failure and to generate recommendations to prevent similar

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