Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sag conductors

Academic literature on the topic 'Sag conductors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Sag conductors":

1

Liu, Yongdou, Zhiwei Chen, and Quan Gu. "Numerical Algorithms for Calculating Temperature, Layered Stress, and Critical Current of Overhead Conductors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6019493.

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Accurate calculation of temperature, stress, sag, and critical current (corresponding to critical temperature) of operational overhead conductors is important for ensuring the strength and sag safety of overhead lines. Based on 2D steady-state heat transfer equations, this article studies the temperature fields of the cross section of typical electrified conductors and establishes numerical simulation methods for calculating the layered stress, sag, and critical temperature. Using the algorithm, the relationship between the critical temperature and characteristics of conductors (e.g., the sag and tensile force) is studied. The results are verified by a comparison with the test results for heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductors JNRLH1/G1A-400/65 and JNRLH1/G1A-630/55. Finally, the paper studies the relationship between the critical temperature of the conductor and its most sensitive factors.
2

Mamala, Andrzej, Tadeusz Knych, Beata Smyrak, Paweł Kwaśniewski, Grzegorz Kiesiewicz, Michał Jabłoński, and Wojciech Ściężor. "An Analytical Model for the High Temperature Low Sag Conductor Knee Point Determination." Key Engineering Materials 641 (April 2015): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.641.173.

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The modern high voltage power overhead lines operate with high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors due to possibility of the current capacity increase. HTLS conductors are material and technological advanced solutions. The main advantage of HTLS conductors is a special designed operation conditions which cause the transformation of tensile stresses from the external aluminium base layers to the core. The conditions of this transformation are called “knee point” because a rapid change of the conductor sag - temperature relationship is observed. Prediction of conditions of the “knee point” temperature (KPT) is a key problem during overhead line design. The KPT is a function of different factors like conductor materials properties, conductor design, span parameters, sagging procedures and overhead line exploitation conditions. The paper presents an original theoretical model for HTLS conductors KPT calculations and shows some examples and comparisons of the different conductor designs and parameters.
3

Luqman, H. M., M. N. R. Baharom, N. A. M. Jamail, N. A. Othman, R. Abd Rahman, M. F. M. Yousof, and Irshad Ullah. "Conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1863.

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This paper presents conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia. Increasing industrialization and population growth around the world demands higher electricity supply. Power generation has yet to decline but transmitting sufficient electricity to consumers is worrisome due to scarce land space occupied by rapid urbanization. Hence reconductoring method was chosen to improve existing 132 kV overhead transmission line in Malaysia. A group of selected conductors were chosen for comparison where the high temperature low sag conductor stood out the most producing up to 40% sag reduction. This paper focuses on providing conductor alternatives to improve maximum sag of lowest conductor to ground for 132 kV transmission line in Malaysia in accordance to her climate and geographical factor.
4

Qin, Li, and Chao Zhang. "Calculating Algorithm for Torsional Stiffness of Conductors-Spacers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.669.

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In galloping of transmission lines, the twist of bundled conductors plays an important role. So the research of torsional stiffness of conductors-spacers for in-depth study of the galloping of the transmission lines is important.In addition to considering the impact of previous studies involving some of the torsional stiffness of bundled conductors factors (such as the torsional stiffness of sub conductor, the actual tension, etc.), but also the effects of sag and line height difference are considered. Finally a theoretical torsional stiffness of conductors-spacers formula is deduced. With the previous formula and the measured data on the different conductor types, different sub conductor spacing and different initial tension conditions, theresults of this formula are closer to the measured data.
5

Abbasi, M. Z., B. Noor, M. A. Aman, S. Farooqi, and F. W. Karam. "An Investigation of Temperature and Wind Impact on ACSR Transmission Line Sag and Tension." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 3009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2046.

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Power transmission is mainly based on overhead transmission lines with conductors being supported by transmission towers. Transmission lines are subjected to environmental stress (temperature changes, winds, snow etc), have an impact on the surrounding areas (visual pollution, building restrictions) and experience heavy losses due to resistive, magnetic and capacitive effects. Thus, proper modeling and installation of these conductors are necessary. The conductors are generally installed in a catenary shape to minimize the capacitive effects and to balance the tension. This paper presents an investigation on the sag and tension behavior under different temperature and wind of ACSR (Aluminum Conductor-Steel Reinforced) lines. Four different cases of temperature and wind are tested to calculate sag and tension. Simulation setup is done in ETAP (electrical transient and analysis program). Results are recorded and discussed.
6

Yaroslavskiy, D. A., V. V. Nguyen, M. F. Sadykov, M. P. Goryachev, and A. A. Naumov. "Model of own harmonic conductor oscillations for tasks of monitoring the status of airline power transmission lines." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-3-97-106.

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The article substantiates the relevance of the inspection of overhead power lines by determining the mechanical loads of the conductors. The conductor sways under the action of external loads and variable internal mechanical loads. The conductor behaves in span like a pendulum. Using the inclinometric method, it is possible to determine the deviations of the conductor in space from its equilibrium position. Having restored the geometry of the conductor in the span of an overhead power line, mechanical loads can be determined. A model of the harmonic oscillations of the conductor in flight is derived to assess the mechanical loads of the conductor overhead power lines. This mathematical model is based on mathematical models of a flexible thread and a model of a physical pendulum. A conductor is a physical pendulum, where the conductor acts as the body, and in the role of the fixed axis of rotation, a straight line passing through the suspension points of the conductor. The developed model allows you to determine the arrow of its sag from the period of oscillations of the conductor in the span. The article considers algorithms for calculating the conductor sag arrows for two cases: the conductor suspension points are at the same height; conductor suspension points are at different heights. A theoretical calculation is given for a model of a span overhead power line with an estimate of the sensitivity of the developed model and its error in determining the sag of the conductor. Using the arrow of the conductor sag, you can restore its geometry, and hence the mechanical load of the conductor. Therefore, knowing the initial geometric parameters of the span of the overhead power line and the current period of the conductor’s oscillations, it is possible to examine its current state.
7

Bedialauneta, Miren T., Igor Albizu, Elvira Fernandez, and A. Javier Mazon. "Uncertainties in the Testing of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Overhead Conductors." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020411.

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Overhead lines can be replaced by high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors in order to increase their capacity. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the HTLS conductors are lower than the CTE of conventional conductors. The utilities and conductor manufacturers usually carry out the verification of the CTE of the overhead conductors in an actual size span. The verification is based on the observation of the change of the conductor length as a result of the conductor temperature change. This process is influenced by the coefficient of thermal expansion to be verified. However, there are other factors that also affect it. This paper analyzes the effect of some of the uncertainty sources in the testing of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the overhead conductors. Firstly, the thermal expansion process is described and the uncertainty sources related to the conductor and the line section are identified. Then, the uncertainty sources and their effect on the CTE testing are quantified.
8

Sakala, Japhet D. "Improved Calculation of Sag for a Conductor Supported at Unequal Heights." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 45, no. 4 (October 2008): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.45.4.6.

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The sag of conductors of an overhead line is determined from the horizontal tension at the lowest point of the conductors. In a conductor supported at unequal heights the lowest point is calculated, together with the horizontal tension, from hyperbolic expressions using an iterative procedure. In practice the hyperbolic functions are usually approximated by their first two terms. While the results are close to the actual values some differences may arise because the approximate methods may not converge to the exact values. The Newton Raphson sag method presented in the paper applies the Newton Raphson method to obtain fast convergence to the exact values. It is inherently more accurate than the classical iterative procedure based on approximating the hyperbolic functions; and the convergence criterion may be set as small as required. The method is also applicable to a conductor supported at equal heights.
9

Novriandi, Dicky, Azriyenni Azhari Zakri, and Edy Ervianto. "Sag and Tension of 275 kV Transmission Line using Catenary." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 2, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.2.3.15-20.

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This research will develop a catenary method to determine the sag and tension analysis on the 275 kV transmission line conductors. The catenary method is dependent on the equation of the weight of the conductor, the maximum tensile stress of the conducting wire, the length of the span, and the maximum sag of the conductor. The method will be used in determining the value of sag and tension with the design of the model using software AutoCAD. The results of research for the same tower sag height of 6.86 m, with a tension of 4610.83 kg and a conductor length of 401.06 m, while sag for the tower is not the same height of 8.14 m, with a tension of 4612.84 kg, and changes in conductor length 401.06 m. The increase in current causes the sag value to increase, when the minimum current sag value is 6.9828 m, and the maximum current sag value increases to 8.44 m. While the tension will decrease along so that temperature is increased the current minimum pressure of 4531.27kg, and at the time of maximum tension of 3749.728kg. Sag and tension are also affected by ambient temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ sags are 6.8621 m and when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ sag increases to 7.793492 m. Tension will decrease with each increase in temperature when the minimum temperature is 20 ℃ tension 4610.538 kg when the maximum temperature is 40 ℃ the tension is reduced to 4062.345 kg.
10

McCulloch, Josh, and Richard Green. "Conductor Reconstruction for Dynamic Line Rating Using Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223718.

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Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a process which electrical network operators can implement to improve efficiency by dynamically adjusting the load capacity as conditions allow. To implement DLR an accurate model of the conductors and their clearances is needed. Airborne LiDAR, while expensive, is the most common method of collecting line data as it is fast and is of high quality. State of the art methods for automatically reconstructing conductors first classify conductor points before fitting conductor models. This approach works well for high tension lines with significant separation between conductors but tends to perform poorly in urban environments where conductors are packed tightly together and surrounded by clutter. The method presented in this article attempts to overcome these challenges by performing an informed search for the conductors, anchored to the utility poles. Before the conductors are classified, their layout and sag are estimated, converting conductor segmentation into a linear problem; and a 3D to 2D projection is used to improve density and simplify clustering. The work also attempts to reduce the cost of conductor reconstruction by utilising lower-cost vehicle-mounted LiDAR. By avoiding point classification, higher precision can be achieved in scenarios where previous methods have suffered from significantly degraded performance.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sag conductors":

1

Chen, Shelley L. "Programs for calculating high temperature ampacity and sag for overhead electrical conductors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17933.

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Krejčí, Tomáš. "Přeizolace vedení 110 kV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221213.

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The master’s thesis deals with the topic new isolation lines of 110 kV. The aim is to propose new insulator hangers. The first, theoretical part focuses on the development of insulators, cutting and possibilities of application. They are the different materials that are used for the production of insulators HV, advantages and disadvantages long rod and cap and pin insulators. There are also described insulator hangers. The theoretical work is to describe thefittings for overhead transmission lines, which are, used to construct a insulator hanger. The last part of the theoretical work is intended distribution towers for overhead lines HV. The practical part deals with the design of new insulator suspensions for specific lines of 110 kV. The results are drawings newly designed hangers and a list of materials (fittings) for individual towers and the total amount of material. The practical part is calculating the differences in the conductor sag using old and new insulators hangers.
3

Lindberg, Elisabeth. "The overhead line sag dependence on weather parameters and line current." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168528.

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As the demand for energy increases, as well as the demand for renewable energy, Vattenfall, as network owner, receives many requests to connect new wind power to the grid. The limiting factor for how much wind power that can be connected to the grid is in this case the maximum current capacity of the overhead lines that is based on a line temperature limit. The temperature limit is set to ensure a safety distance between the lines and the ground. This master thesis project is a part of a research project at Vattenfall Research and Development that is examining the possibilities of increasing the allowed current on overhead lines in order to be able to connect more wind power to the existing network. Measured data from two overhead lines in southern Sweden is analyzed and the internal relations between the measured parameters are examined. The measured parameters are overhead line sag, line temperature, ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and line current. The results indicate that there is a big load margin that could be utilized to increase the maximum current as long as further work could show that low winds at line height correlates with low wind at nacelle height. The results show that the sag versus line temperature is approximately linear within the measured temperature range. This means that a real-time-monitoring system measuring the line temperature should give adequate knowledge of the line position to ensure the safety distance. A model for the line temperature as a function of insolation, current, ambient temperature and wind speed has been estimated for one of the lines. Simulations show that a sudden increase in current at a worst-case scenario would give the operators about ten minutes to react before the line reaches the temperature limit.
4

Scriboni, Silvia E., Eliana B. Zabala, and Adriana C. Funez. "Conductas del personal de enfermería en el cuidado de su salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería, 2004. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7851.

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El siguiente trabajo se realizó en el Hospital Perrupato del departamento de San Martín en Mendoza, durante el segundo semestre de 2003. Tiene como objetivo fundamental determinar y evaluar el nivel de autocuidado que posee el personal femenino de dicho hospital. Algunas de las variables de estudio fueron: patologías (sobrepeso, anorexia, diabetes, hipertensión, etc.); horas de trabajo semanal; consultas al médico; examen médico anual; automedicación; condiciones de trabajo entre otros. Es una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y trasversal. Para la recolección de datos se recurrió a realizar una encuesta estructurada a un total de 100 enfermeras de los diferentes servicios.
Fil: Scriboni, Silvia E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Zabala, Eliana B.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Funez, Adriana C.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
5

Di, russo Enrico. "Etude de biais de mesure de composition par SAT dans les matériaux semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR065/document.

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La Sonde Atomique Tomographique (SAT) assistée par laser (La-APT) est un outil puissant pour étudier la distribution atomique 3D des espèces chimiques dans une grande variété de matériaux semi-conducteurs. Cependant, des biais de composition importants affectent les analyses de sondes atomiques révélant une composition non stœchiométrique. Dans cette thèse, une étude systématique de certains semi-conducteurs binaires (GaN, GaAs, ZnO) et ternaires (AlGaN, MgZnO) a été menée afin de: (i) obtenir une description cohérente des biais de composition en APT; (ii) identifier les mécanismes physiques à l'origine de ces biais; (iii) évaluer les conditions expérimentales pour lesquelles l'analyse compositionnelle est fiable. Afin d’interpréter les résultats, l’hypothèse de l’évaporation préférentielle d’espèces métalliques (Ga, Al, Zn, Mg) à haut champ et d’émission de molécules neutres non métalliques (N2, O2) à champ bas a été proposée. Un autre objectif important de cette thèse est orienté vers la physique des matériaux. L’étude de la composition et la morphologie de certains dispositifs d’intérêt technologique, tels que les systèmes à multi-puits quantiques, est très important. Dans cette perspective, la connaissance du champ de composition 3D et de la morphologie de ces systèmes est essentielle car ces caractéristiques déterminent leurs propriétés optiques et électriques. Pour ce faire, une approche par microscopie corrélative peut être adoptée. Cette approche a été appliquée avec succès à l'étude des multi-puits quantiques ZnO/MgZnO conçus pour les lasers à cascade quantique. Les propriétés structurales, compositionnelles et optiques ont été étudiées en effectuant la tomographie par électrons (ET) - micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) corrélative sur les mêmes échantillons de sonde atomique. Les analyses complémentaires APT et ET donnent une image claire de la structure et de la composition du système étudié, révélant d'importants phénomènes de décomposition dans l'alliage MgZnO. En particulier, La SAT s’est révélé une technique unique pour une évaluation directe de la composition locale. De plus, la µ-PL apparait extrêmement utile pour obtenir des informations relatives à la composition, en lien avec les résultats de La-APT. Enfin, nous présentons une nouvelle approche in-situ corrélative dans laquelle les mesures APT et µ-PL sont exécutées simultanément. Grâce au développement d'une sonde atomique tomographique spécialement conçue, on démontre que la µ-PL peut être mesurée avec succès sur une pointe de sonde atomique Zn :/MgZnO pendant nos analyse. Ceci est extrêmement attrayant car cela permet de corréler strictement le signal de photoluminescence avec les volumes explorés à l'échelle nanométrique. En principe, émission depuis des d'émetteurs de lumière quantiques uniques (c'est-à-dire un seul QW ou QD) peut être révélée. La nouvelle approche présentée peut être étendue à un large éventail de matériaux, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives pour les études corrélatives
Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography (La-APT) is a powerful tool for investigating the 3D atomic distribution of the chemical species in a wide variety of semiconductor materials. However, important compositional biases affect atom probe analyses revealing a non-stoichiometric composition. In the thesis a systematic study of selected binary (GaN, GaAs, ZnO) and ternary (AlGaN, MgZnO) semiconductors of high technological interest was developed in order to: (i) obtain a coherent description of the compositional biases in APT; (ii) identify the physical mechanisms leading to these biases; (iii) assess the experimental conditions for which the compositional analysis is reliable. In order to interpret the results, the hypothesis of preferential evaporation of metallic species (Ga, Al, Zn, Mg) at high field and emission of neutral non-metallic molecules (N2, O2) at low field has been proposed. Another important aim of this thesis is materials physics-oriented. It is indeed of utmost importance to study both composition and morphology of some devices of technological interest, such as in multi-quantum-well systems. In this perspective, the knowledge of 3D composition field and morphology is essential because these features determine the optical and electrical properties of the systems. In order to do it, a correlative microscopy approach can be adopted. This approach was successfully applied to the study of ZnO/MgZnO multi-quantum wells designed for quantum cascade lasers. Structural, compositional and optical properties were investigated performing correlative La-APT - Electron Tomography (ET) - micro-PhotoLuminescence (µ-PL) on the same atom probe tip specimens. The complementary APT and ET analyses yield a clear picture of the structure and composition of the system investigated, revealing important decomposition phenomena in the MgZnO alloy. In particular, La-APT proved to be a unique technique for a direct assessment of local composition. Moreover, µ-PL also proved to be extremely useful in order to get information related the composition, supporting La-APT results. Finally, a new correlative in-situ approach in which La-APT and µ-PL are simultaneously performed is presented. Thanks to the development of a specially designed tomographic atom probe, it is shown that µ-PL can be successfully performed on a single Zno/MgZnO atom probe tip during La-APT. This is extremely attractive and challenging because allows to strictly correlating the variation photoluminescence signal with nano-metric scale volumes of the tip evaporated during APT. In principle, the emission of single quantum light emitters (i.e. single QW or QD) can be revealed. The new approach presented can be extended to a wide range of materials, opening new perspectives for correlative studies of single atom probe tips
6

van, Rensburg Karel Jensen. "Analysis of arcing faults on distribution lines for protection and monitoring." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15800/.

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This thesis describes an investigation into the influences of arcing and conductor deflection due to magnetic forces on the accuracy of fault locator algorithms in electrical distribution networks. The work also explores the possibilities of using the properties of an arc to identify two specific types of faults that may occur on an overhead distribution line. A new technique using the convolution operator is introduced for deriving differential equation algorithms. The first algorithm was derived by estimating the voltage as an array of impulse functions while the second algorithm was derived using a piecewise linear voltage signal. These algorithms were tested on a simulated single-phase circuit using a PI-model line. It was shown that the second algorithm gave identical results as the existing dynamic integration operator type algorithm. The first algorithm used a transformation to a three-phase circuit that did not require any matrix calculations as an equivalent sequence component circuit is utilised for a single-phase to ground fault. A simulated arc was used to test the influence of the non-linearity of an arc on the accuracy of this algorithm. The simulations showed that the variation in the resistance due to arcing causes large oscillations of the algorithm output and a 40th order mean filter was used to increase the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The same tests were performed on a previously developed fault locator algorithm that includes a square-wave power frequency proximation of the fault arc. This algorithm gave more accurate and stable results even with large arc length variations. During phase-to-phase fault conditions, two opposing magnetic fields force the conductors outwards away from each other and this movement causes a change in the total inductance of the line. A three dimensional finite element line model based on standard wave equations but incorporating magnetic forces was used to evaluate this phenomenon. The results show that appreciable errors in the distance estimations can be expected especially on poorly tensioned di stribution lines.New techniques were also explored that are based on identification of the fault arc. Two methods were successfully tested on simulated networks to identify a breakingconductor. The methods are based on the rate of increase in arc length during the breaking of the conductor. The first method uses arc voltage increase as the basis of the detection while the second method make use of the increase in the non-linearity of the network resistance to identify a breaking conductor. An unsuccessful attempt was made to identifying conductor clashing caused by high winds: it was found that too many parameters influence the separation speed of the two conductors. No unique characteristic could be found to identify the conductor clashing using the speed of conductor separation. The existing algorithm was also used to estimate the voltage in a distribution network during a fault for power quality monitoring purposes.
7

Espinoza, Carhuas Evelyn Julissa. "Relación entre conductas obesogénicas y el estado nutricional en adolescentes en una Institución Educativa de San Luis." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2013. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/279.

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La obesidad representa la enfermedad crónica nutricional no heredable más frecuente, constituyen uno de los crecientes problemas de la salud pública mundial, el aumento de este se debe principalmente a los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y el sedentarismo. La obesidad en los adolescentes ha dejado de ser considerado como un problema estético para ser reconocido como una enfermedad de carácter crónico, debido a lo cual afecta negativamente a la salud física, mental y social. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre los comportamientos obesogenicas y el estado nutricional de los adolescentes en una institución educativa de San Luis. Metodología: El estudio es el enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño utilizado fue descriptivo, transversal correlacional. La muestra se calculó utilizando el muestreo estratificado resultado probabilístico siendo los 135 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa que Madre Admirable inscritos en 3 ° y 4 ° de la escuela secundaria total de 207 estudiantes. Le tomó el peso y la altura para determinar el estado nutricional, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre comportamientos obesogénicas que se estructuran por los investigadores y validados por los juicios de expertos y prueba piloto, antes de que se proporcionan a los padres de los estudiantes de consentimiento informado, a continuación, los estudiantes confirmado su participación a firmar el consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron procesados mediante la asignación de códigos y tabulados por la hoja de cálculo Excel 2010 además se llevó a cabo utilizando el programa SPSS versión 18 para analizar los datos. Resultados: los adolescentes tienen comportamientos obesogénicas dependiendo de los hábitos alimenticios en un 54% y la actividad física inadecuada 58%, el estado nutricional normal en el 83%, sobrepeso 13%, tal conducta propicio a la obesidad más frecuente en los varones adolescentes en el 76%, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física están relacionados con el estado nutricional. El valor chi2 es 6.531 y es mayor que el valor crítico de p ≤ 0,05. Conclusión: obesógeno comportamientos tienen relación significativa relación con el estado nutricional de los adolescentes de la Institución Educativa Parroquial "Madre Admirable" en San Luis.
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Espinoza, Carhuas Evelyn Julissa, and Hoces Nathali Paravicino. "Relación entre conductas Obesogenicas y el estado nutricional en adolescentes de una Institución Educativa De San Luis." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2013. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/336.

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La obesidad representa la enfermedad crónico nutricional no trasmisible más frecuente constituyendo uno de los problemas crecientes de la salud pública mundial, el incremento de esta se debe principalmente a los hábitos alimenticios inadecuados y al sedentarismo. La obesidad en los adolescentes ha dejado de ser considerada como un problema estético para ser reconocida como una enfermedad de carácter crónico, debido a que repercute negativamente en su salud física, mental y social. Objetivo: determinar la relación que existe entre las conductas obesogénicas y el estado nutricional en adolescentes en una Institución Educativa de San Luis. Metodología: El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, y el diseño utilizado fue descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra se calculó mediante el muestreo probabilístico estratificado siendo el resultado 135 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Madre Admirable que cursan 3° y 4° de secundaria del total de 207 estudiantes. Se tomó peso y talla, para determinar el estado nutricional, se aplicó un cuestionario sobre conductas obesogénicas el cual fue estructurado por las investigadoras y validado mediante juicios de expertos y prueba piloto, antes se les proporcionó a los padres de los estudiantes el consentimiento informado, luego los estudiantes corroboraron su participación al firmar el asentimiento informado. Los datos fueron procesados mediante asignación de códigos y tabulados mediante la hoja de cálculo Excel 2010 además se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18 para analizar los datos. Resultados: los adolescentes tienen conductas obesogénicas según hábitos alimenticios en un 54% y actividad física 58% inadecuados, estado nutricional normal en 83%, sobrepeso 13%, tales conductas obesogénicas predominan más en los adolescentes varones en 76%, los hábitos alimenticios y la actividad física tienen relación con el estado nutricional. El valor de chi2 es 6,531 y este es mayor que el valor crítico para p ≤ 0,05 Conclusión: Las conductas obesogénicas tienen relación significativa con el estado nutricional en los adolescentes de la Institución Educativa Parroquial “Madre Admirable” en San Luis.
9

Mallma, Soriano Giulianna Pía. "Aporte nutritivo de almuerzos de mayor consumo en la empresa de transportes “San Germán” y estado nutricional antropométrico de sus conductores." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14588.

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Determina el aporte nutritivo de almuerzos de mayor consumo en la Empresa de Transportes “San Germán” y el estado nutricional antropométrico de sus conductores. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, realizado en la Empresa de Transportes San Germán, ubicada en la ciudad de Lima. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 almuerzos de mayor consumo que se expenden en las cafeterías de la Empresa de Transportes San Germán y 35 conductores de la misma empresa; el muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Para determinar el aporte nutritivo de los almuerzos se utilizó el método de pesado directo de la ración servida y para determinar el estado nutricional de los transportistas se utilizó el método antropométrico. En el análisis de datos se emplearon medidas de dispersión y tendencia central y el paquete estadístico SPSS vs 15, Microsoft office 2007. El 89 % de los conductores presentaron sobrepeso y/u obesidad y el 97% presentó una circunferencia de cintura aumentada; lo cual aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los almuerzos de mayor consumo analizados tuvieron una aporte promedio de 1,183.2 Kcal, que representa el 66.4% del requerimiento energético diario del transportista; de esas calorías el 14.7% provenía de proteínas, 27.9% de grasas y 56.9% de carbohidratos. La adecuación energética y de macronutrientes fue de 166.1% para kcal, 163.2% para proteínas, 186.2% grasas y 156.2% para carbohidratos. Los almuerzos de mayor consumo por los conductores son hipercalóricos, por ende, su adecuación porcentual de macronutrientes supera el 100% en todos los casos, lo cual explicaría por qué el gran porcentaje de los transportistas sujetos de estudio tiene sobrepeso, obesidad, y riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Tesis
10

Yuan, Weijia. "Second-generation high-temperature superconducting coils and their applications for energy storage." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/229754.

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Since a superconductor has no resistance below a certain temperature and can therefore save a large amount of energy dissipated, it is a 'green' material by saving energy loss and hence reducing carbon emissions. Recently the massive manufacture of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials has enabled superconductivity to become a preferred candidate to help generation and transportation of cleaner energy. One of the most promising applications of superconductors is Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems, which are becoming the enabling engine for improving the capacity, efficiency, and reliability of the electric system. SMES systems store energy in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil. SMES systems have many advantages compared to other energy storage systems: high cyclic efficiency, fast response time, deep discharge and recharge ability, and a good balance between power density and energy density. Based on these advantages, SMES systems will play an indispensable role in improving power qualities, integrating renewable energy sources and energizing transportation systems. This thesis describes an intensive study of superconducting pancake coils wound using second-generation(2G) HTS materials and their application in SMES systems. The specific contribution of this thesis includes an innovative design of the SMES system, an easily calculated, but theoretically advanced numerical model to analyse the system, extensive experiments to validate the design and model, and a complete demonstration experiment of the prototype SMES system. This thesis begins with literature review which includes the introduction of the background theory of superconductivity and development of SMES systems. Following the literature review is the theoretical work. A prototype SMES system design, which provides the maximum stored energy for a particular length of conductors, has been investigated. Furthermore, a new numerical model, which can predict all necessary operation parameters, including the critical current and AC losses of the system, is presented. This model has been extended to analyse superconducting coils in different situations as well. To validate the theoretical design and model, several superconducting coils, which are essential parts of the prototype SMES system, together with an experimental measurement set-up have been built. The coils have been energized to test their energy storage capability. The operation parameters including the critical current and AC losses have been measured. The results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Finally the control system is developed and studied. A power electronics control circuit of the prototype SMES system has been designed and simulated. This control circuit can energize or discharge the SMES system dynamically and robustly. During a voltage sag compensation experiment, this SMES prototype monitored the power system and successfully compensated the voltage sag when required. By investigating the process of building a complete system from the initial design to the final experiment, the concept of a prototype SMES system using newly available 2G HTS tapes was validated. This prototype SMES system is the first step towards the implementation of future indsutrial SMES systems with bigger capacities, and the knowledge obtained through this research provides a comprehensive overview of the design of complete SMES systems.
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Books on the topic "Sag conductors":

1

Kŭm, Nan-sae. Maesŭtʻŭro Kum Nan-sae: Yŏlchŏng kwa tojŏn = Maestro Nanse Gum since 1977. 8th ed. Sŏul: Saenggak ŭi Namu, 2007.

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Max, Zappy. Jacques Hélian et son orchestre: Une saga fabuleuse. [Le Coudray-Macouard]: Cheminements, 2006.

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Jenkins, Lyndon. While spring and summer sang: Thomas Beecham and the music of Frederick Delius. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2005.

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David, Schneider. The San Francisco Symphony: Music, maestros, and musicians. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1987.

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Symposium, IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management. Sixteenth annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium: March 21-23, 2000, DoubleTree Hotel, San Jose, CA, USA. Piscataway, New Jersey: IEEE, 2000.

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International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (24th 1997 San Diego, Calif.). Compound semiconductors 1997: Proceedings of the IEEE Twenty-fourth International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors held in San Diego, California, 8-11 September 1997. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Pub., 1998.

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García-Godoy, Christián. Las bibliotecas de San Martín y de Godoy Cruz: Repositorios fundacionales de algunas de sus conductas históricas? Buenos Aires: Instituto Bonaerense de Numismática y Antigüedades, 2005.

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Symposium L, "Organic and Polymeric Materials and Devices" (2003 San Francisco, Calif.). Organic and polymeric materials and devices: Symposium held April 22-25, 2003, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Edited by Blom Paul W. M and Materials Research Society Meeting. Warrendale, Pa: Materials Research Society, 2003.

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IEEE International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (1997 San Francisco, Calif.). 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing: Conference proceedings : October 6-8, 1997, San Francisco, California. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 1997.

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IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (14th 1998 San Diego, Calif.). Fourteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium: March 10-12, 1998, Holiday Inn, San Diego, CA, USA. [New York]: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sag conductors":

1

Gupta, Sandeep, and Shashi Kant Vij. "Transmission Line Sag Calculation with Ampacities of Different Conductors." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 213–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2035-4_19.

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Kamboj, Sangeeta, and Ratna Dahiya. "Designing and Implementation of Overhead Conductor Altitude Measurement System Using GPS for Sag Monitoring." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, 183–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_22.

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Kamboj, Sangeeta, and Ratna Dahiya. "Development of System for GPS Data Transmission to Web Server for Online over Head Conductor Sag Measurement." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 437–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27299-8_46.

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Netake, Abhilash, and P. K. Katti. "HTLS Conductors." In Research Advances in the Integration of Big Data and Smart Computing, 211–23. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8737-0.ch012.

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The power system has undergone multifold growth in its generation, transmission and distribution in past few decades. The types of conductors used for transmission system in India are ACSR / AAAC. These conductors have several constraints. The Ampacity of these conductors is less and hence they cannot be operated at high temperature also the losses in these type of conductors are more. To overcome the drawbacks of ACSR / AAAC conductors, this paper proposes a new approach of using High Tension Low Sag (HTLS) conductors, also a comparison is made between ACSR, AAAC and HTLS conductors on the basis of voltage drop and power loss for benefit evaluation of HTLS conductor over traditionally used conductors.
5

Douglass, D., and Ridley Thrash. "Sag and Tension of Conductor." In Electrical Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420009255.ch14.

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Douglass, Dale A., and F. Ridley Thrash. "Sag and Tension of Conductor." In Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 15–1. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222424-15.

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Douglass, Dale, and F. Thrash. "Sag and Tension of Conductor." In Electric Power Engineering Series, 1–42. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12056-19.

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"- Sag and Tension of Conductor." In The Electric Power Engineering Handbook - Five Volume Set, 1510–51. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315222363-79.

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"Sag and Tension of Conductor." In Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, 173–214. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420009255-21.

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Chen, Yuan. "Stress–Sag Calculation for Carbon Fiber Composite Core Aluminum Conductor." In Engineering Energy Aluminum Conductor Composite Core (ACCC) and its Application, 171–76. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815611-7.00005-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sag conductors":

1

Subba Reddy, B., and Gaurav Mitra. "Estimation of Magnetic Fields near to High Temperature Low Sag Conductors." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conecct50063.2020.9198343.

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Reddy, B. Subba, and Diptendu Chatterjee. "Computation of current and temperature distribution for high temperature low sag conductors." In 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/poweri.2014.7117644.

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Reddy, B. Subba, and Diptendu Chatterjee. "Computation of current and temperature distribution for high temperature low sag conductors." In 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34084poweri.2014.7117644.

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Stengel, Dominik, Richard Bardl, Christian Kuhnel, Steffen Grossmannn, and Wilhelm Kiewitt. "Accelerated electrical and mechanical ageing tests of high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors." In 2017 12th International Conference on Live Maintenance (ICOLIM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icolim.2017.7964157.

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Armstrong, Oisin, Gary Southern, Alan Carroll, and Gerry O'Brien. "Low Wind Speed Occurrences and Aging Conductors: More Than Just a Sag Problem?" In 2018 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc.2018.8440404.

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Golinelli, E., S. Musazzi, U. Perini, and F. Barberis. "Conductors sag monitoring by means of a laser based scanning measuring system: Experimental results." In 2012 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas.2012.6166308.

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Kamboj, S., and R. Dahiya. "Case study to estimate the sag in overhead conductors using GPS to observe the effect of span length." In 2014 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition (T&D). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc.2014.6863337.

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Jalali, Mohammad Hadi, Richard McKercher, and Geoff Rideout. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Model Development and Validation for Stranded Cables." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11504.

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Abstract Interactions between cables and structures affect the design and non-destructive testing of electricity transmission lines, guyed towers, and bridges. In order to understand the effect of conductors on dynamics of utility poles, a three dimensional dynamic model for stranded cables is presented based on the bond graph formalism and validated through experimentation. The cable is modeled considering the bending stiffness, tension and sag due to self-weight. The model consists of three-dimensional rigid segments, connected with translational and rotational springs and dampers. To validate the model, an instrumented set up for a stranded cable was tested in the laboratory and the model was validated in both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in the frequency domain by measuring the cable response to hammer impacts in both directions. Time domain response obtained from simulation was also validated with experimental time response by performing a free vibration test. A set up was designed and built to accurately measure the bending stiffness of a stranded cable in different tensions and the measured values for bending stiffness were used in the numerical model. It was observed that the bending stiffness increased with the increase in tension. The modal properties of the cable were obtained numerically and experimentally for different tensions and consequently for different amounts of sag. The model is verified to have sufficient fidelity to predict the dynamics of cables undergoing both in-plane and out-of-plane motion, and can be used in a pole-cable system model to investigate the effect of cable on dynamics on poles or structures.
9

Jiang, Jintao, Zhidong Jia, Xilin Wang, Shihao Wang, and Changjian Yang. "Analysis of conductor sag change after bare overhead conductor is covered with insulation material." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Electrical Materials and Power Equipment (ICEMPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icempe.2019.8727396.

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Ye, Fang, Meng Tian, Xing Zhang, Zhi-Yong Gan, Xin He, and Zhang-Qi Wang. "The measurement of overhead conductor's sag with DLT method." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Information Science (EEEIS 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eeeis-16.2017.48.

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