Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sahel (Mali)'
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Gallin, Annabelle. "Les styles céramiques du site de Kobabi : (néolithique récent, sahel malien) : étude comparative et implications chrono-culturelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10005.
Full textOuallet, Anne. "Gao, indicateur urbain de la crise sahélienne." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUEL160.
Full textThis research shows the manifestation and the effects of the Sahelian crisis through the study of town in the Malian North Sahel : Gao. This space strongly affected by the drought bears as well, more globally the consequences of a state crisis. The town reveals the tensions and the imbalance but also sometimes takes part in them. It is finally proved that the crisis has encouraged urban supremacy at the cost of a totally devitalized rural world
SALOMON, ANNE-MARIE. "Le suivi medical et socio-economique d'une population nomade sinistree et deplacee dans le gourma malien." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1057.
Full textAlpha, Gado Boureima. "Sécheresse et famines au Sahel : crises alimentaires et stratégies de subsistances en Afrique sahélienne (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070079.
Full textThis study is divided into three volumes. The first contains a critical analysis of the main oral and written sources used (chronicles, archives), a presentation of the state of knowledge on these questions and a detailed inventory of sources. The third volume contains the annexes. The main body of the study is to be found in volume ii subdivided into three sections. The first, entitled 'ecology and history', consists of three reflections on the nature of the sahel (perceived from the outside, through publications, actions of public authorities and international organisations ; seen from within, through the statements and daily life of the populations ; as it appears in this study, through the changes imposed by developments, since 1850, forced by the difficulties of the environment and human activity. Particular stress is laid on the factors causing ecological disequilibrium (drought, locust invasion, epidemics) and the impact of human factors (demography, conflicts). An attempt of a periodisation of the main phases of the economic and social evolution of the sahel ends the first section. The second section consists of a detailed study of the most severe crises in food production as revealed by oral sources and documents. The third section provides a comparative analysis of the different approaches to food production in the region (traditional and modern subsistence strategies, food aid)
Niakate, Mahamadou. "L'agriculture et l'alimentation en marge des villes au Maliennes : le cas du Sahel Occidental : cercle de Yélimané." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2025.
Full textThe western Sahel of Mali, like other parts of the country, has been experiencing a fall in agricultural production for half a century (1970). This fall has direct consequences for households: food deficit and migration. The thesis aims to show the role of local productions in the self-consumption of households from different villages of the Yélimané circle in the western Malian Sahel. It also aims to consider the dietary and supply practices of agricultural households in this circle. It relies on in-depth field surveys of households, mayors and village chiefs. A relatively long-term analysis also made it possible to trace the trajectory of the households surveyed. These surveys made it possible to consider in detail how farm households in the Sahel region are experiencing food insecurity and what strategies they adopt in the face of food insufficiency. Migration is often a solution in the Yélimané circle. But it itself contributes to the devaluation of agriculture and the reduction of agricultural production.The agricultural situation of the circle depends on several elements such as good rainfall, which plays a key role. Located in a Sahelian zone where it rains little, the households of Yélimané circle have adopted short cultivation cycles in their farm. Food deficit is observed in all households in the circle. However, our surveys have shown that the agricultural and food situation varies according to the social status and the type of household surveyed. Due to their social organization, some categories are less affected than others. The situation also varies according to the location of the villages within the circle, some being in situations much more critical than others in connection with the difficulties of circulation
Collet, Hadrien. "Le sultanat du Mali (XIVè - XVè siècle) : historiographies d'un Etat soudanien, de l'Islam médiéval à aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H060.
Full textThis study focuses on three historiographic centres that diachronically produced knowledge concerning the sultanate of Mali. By means of a chronologically regressive approach, we analyse in the first part the historiographies of the scholarly and academic world from the 19th century onwards, then the Takrürï historiography in West Africa from the 17th to the 19th century, and finally the Mamlük historiography. The latter is the main provider of narrative Arabic sources for the 14th and 15th centuries after the sojoum of Mansa Musa's caravan in Cairo while traveling to Mecca. The second part will further explore Arabic medieval sources through the thorough consideration of two unique accounts of the sultanate of Mali during the 14th century; one belonging to the Syrian encyclopaedist al- 'Umarï and the other to the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battüta. The third and last part takes the shape of a bilingual French/ Arabic collection of Arabic sources stretching from the 11th to the 19th century, of which the majority is contemporary to the sultanate of Mali. Some are new, while others were slightly or substantially retranslated. This documentary corpus gathers all currently extant traces of Arabie literature pe11aining to Mali, whose political nature unde1went many changes from the 11th to the 17th century. It will also function as a tool to establish a dialogue between the numerous excerpts quoted in the chapters with the documentary environment to which they belong
Gal, Laetitia. "Modélisation de l'évolution paradoxale de l'hydrologie sahélienne : application au bassin d'Agoufou (Mali)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30341/document.
Full textSince the mid-twentieth century, the Sahel is characterized by a significant rainfall deficit marked by severe droughts in 1972-73 and 1983-84 that have significantly impacted ecosystems, resources and local population. The responses induced by this deficit result in opposite effects according to geographical area. If, in the Sudano-Guinean zone, a reduced surface runoff was observed, the Sahel experienced a paradoxical increase of surface runoff during the same period. Most of the studies aiming at understanding this paradoxical situation have been performed in crop-dominated areas, where the runoff increase has been attributed to land use change following population growth. However, the same phenomenon is also observed in pastoral areas where land use change cannot explain the observed hydrological changes. The objective of this thesis is to study the different processes governing Sahelian hydrology and prioritize their impact on the surface runoff evolution in pastoral areas by means of hydrological modeling. To do this, the KINEROS2 runoff model was applied to the Agoufou watershed. This endorheic watershed is located in the Gourma region, in Mali. It is instrumented by the AMMA-CATCH observatory, which provides most of the necessary data for forcing and evaluating the model. The first part of this work was dedicated to the quantification of the changes occurred over the last 50 years on the Agoufou watershed and its outlet, the Agoufou lake. Land cover maps derived from satellite images and aerial photographs for 1956 and 2011 allowed estimating the changes in surface characteristics. Erosion of shallow soil and degradation of the tiger bush vegetation in favor of the bare soil extension (35 km² between 1956 and 2011) as well as increases in drainage density (× 1.5) and in lake area (534 m² in 1956 to 2 x 106 m² in 2011) were the main changes observed. The discharge evolution over time was quantified from changes in lake's volume, computed via a relationship between the lake's surface estimated by remote sensing and in-situ water height data. This relationship was coupled to a water balance equation, taking into account precipitation, water evaporation and lake's bottom infiltration to quantify the water inflow to the lake. The runoff coefficient of the watershed was shown to increase from 0 % in the 1970s to 5.5% in the 2000s. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to hydrological modeling in order to rank the impact of the surface changes highlighted above on runoff. Series of reference and attribution simulations were performed. The increase in bare soil surfaces associated with a decrease in vegetation largely explains the hydrological changes of the watershed since the 1960s. The development of the drainage network and the crusting of sandy dunes play a less important role on this evolution, while the evolution of daily precipitation reduces runoff over time by more than 34%, which contradicts the observed trend. The mechanisms identified in the Agoufou watershed highlight the pivotal role of the dynamics of the coupled vegetation/erosion/drainage network system and their role in other Sahelian regions, where increased runoff was also observed
Thiam, Sidy. "Suivi des écosystèmes sahéliens à partir de la télédétection satellitaire : application au delta intérieur du Niger (Mali) et à la région du lac de Guiers (Sénégal)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010696.
Full textGoita, Kalifa. "Analyse de la désertification au Sahel par télédétection: cas de la zone d’Ansongo au Mali." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7858.
Full textNiangaly, Hamidou. "Essais sur l'économie du paludisme au Sahel : études de cas au Mali et au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD003.
Full textThe implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has led to significant but uneven progress between countries. Sub-Saharan African countries continue to be characterized by high proportion of out-of-school children, high child mortality and a high burden of communicable diseases in the overall disease burden, including malaria. Added to this is a high fertility level with its potential economic consequences. The Sustainable Development Goals also target malaria for elimination by 2030 and advocate for quality education for all, including early childhood care, which had been overlooked in the MDGs. This thesis focuses on analysing aspects of development linked to these global challenges. This thesis focuses on analyzing aspects of development related to these global challenges.The first chapter analyses the impact of malaria control campaigns on fertility in Mali using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 2006 and 2012 and those of the Malaria Atlas Project for the same period. The results show that malaria has a negative effect on fertility (-0.24 children). Among the mechanisms that explain this effect (infant deaths, abortions), mother’s education is more important. The second chapter examines the relationship between malaria, household income and investment in education through a randomized controlled trial in a village in Mali. Surveys were conducted in July and December 2016 within the same households, with microscopic screening for malaria in children aged 3 months to 5 years. The results show that relaxing the constraints of economic losses linked to malaria (direct costs, care expenses, and/or loss of productivity) allowed households to save 3194 F CFA (5 euros) and to make additional expenditures of 2863 F CFA (4 euros) in children's education. The third chapter, also a randomized controlled trial, analyses the effect of reminder messages and information to household heads on the use and adoption of the ITN strategy using a mobile phone platform in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Surveys were conducted in 2013, 2016 and 2017 to collect data within the same households. The results show that the problem of inappropriate use of preventive malaria care can be solved by using the traditional method of health awareness or by disseminating information messages to heads of households through a mobile phone platform. The effect was between 4.6 and 6 percentage points for text and voice messages respectively. The fourth chapter analyses the impact and cost of a set of health and education strategies (micronutrients, CPS, deworming) on improving early childhood development. This was a randomized controlled trial with villages as the randomization unit, conducted in 2016 in an area of high malaria transmission and high prevalence of anaemia, in Sikasso in southern Mali. The cost of the different strategies was evaluated from the provider's perspective for a relatively short time horizon. The integrated disease control strategies, the implementation of Early Childhood Development Centres and parental education did not have an impact on early childhood development. However, the cost of implementing these strategies was limited.In conclusion, malaria is a burden on economic development through its effects on fertility and income, potentially penalising investment in education. Our results therefore contribute to the existing literature on the effect of malaria on economic development
Adams, Alayne Mary. "Seasonal food insecurity in the Sahel : nutritional, social and economic risk among Bamana agriculturalists in Mali." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1992. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682230/.
Full textNilsson, Robin. "EU som säkerhetsaktör i Sahel : Hur unionens strategiska kultur formar dess agerande i regionen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177260.
Full textTracol, Yann. "Etude des variations interannuelles de la production herbacée des pâturages sahéliens : exemple du Gourma malien." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30032.
Full textStrongly constrained by the soil water content and consequently by the West African Monsoon, the herbaceous layer shows a large space-time variability. The main goal of this thesis is to analyse and characterise the Sahelian grassland functioning thanks to models and field measurements to explain the primary net production variability in relation with a large number of forcing climatic and biotic variables like pasture pressure. The analysis of data recorded between 1984 and 2002 in a Sahel zone, the Malian Gourma shows us a complex response of the herbaceous strata in terms of production, fraction cover and diversity. Moreover, the field measurements available for the Gourma permit to describe a north-south gradient of vegetation according to the spatial variability of annual rainfall. .
El, Hadj Meriem. "Community Decision Making Aids for Improved Pasture Resources in the Madiama Commune of Mali." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29894.
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Diallo, Hamidou. "Histoire du Sahel au Burkina Faso : agriculteurs, pasteurs et islam (1740-1960)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10051.
Full textDjiteye, Mahalmadane. "Composition, structure et production des communautés végétales sahéliennes : application à la zone de Niono (Mali)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112218.
Full textDiawara, Mamadou Oumar. "Impact de la variabilité climatique au nord Sahel (Gourma, Mali) sur la dynamique des ressources pastorales, conséquences sur les productions animales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30029.
Full textSeveral studies on the primary production of Sahelian rangelands that are dominated by annual herbaceous indicate large spatial heterogeneity and high inter-annual variations in production associated with changes in rainfall distribution mediated by run-off redistribution itself mostly bound to soil type. In Sahel, most of the forage production occurs during the rainy season, which lasts three to four months. The management of the stock of fodder which is the main nutrition resource for livestock during the long dry season requires a good knowledge of its seasonal dynamics under the combined effects of climate and grazing pressure. This thesis aims to study the impact of climate variability on the dynamics of the pastoral resources of the Gourma in the North-East of Malian Sahel and to assess the impact of resources variations on animal production. The approach used is based on a joint seasonal monitoring of vegetation and stocking rate. It combines an analytical study and the modeling of the dynamics of forage resources in response to rainfall distribution and stocking rate. The thesis is composed of four studies. The first is a sensitivity analysis of forage production to the intra-seasonal distribution of rainfall. The second study evaluates the impact of domestic ruminants grazing on standing straw and litter disappearance rates during the dry season. The third study addresses the same question by modeling the dynamics of fodder resources during the season depending on the livestock grazing pressure. The fourth and last study evaluates the breeding productivity of the herds and the sustainability of Gourma pastoralism. The results highlight the low productivity of pastoral breeding despite an overall under-utilization of the forage stock in the dry-season. They indicate that in the Sahelian pastoral systems with rangelands producing less than 2000 kg DM ha-1 on average, and very limited use of supplementary feeds in the late dry season, livestock suffer of nutritional stress in the late dry and early wet season, as revealed by residual masses of straws and litter tilling less than 10 % of rangeland yield at the end of the rainy season
Ag, dalla Ousmane. "Construction participative de l'information géographique pour le développement local au Sahel : Propositions méthodologiques dans une commune rurale du Nord du Mali." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET2205/document.
Full textWhen decentralization came to the Sahel in the 90s, and with the experienced gained after repeated droughts impacting their countries, information systems for planning development actions were implemented at various levels. But, according to the communities, these tools implemented at the local level for land planning, both for data collection and using the information system thus obtained, fell short of expectations and remain in the exclusive hands of decision-makers and technicians.Yet, when the expertise of the people is taken into account, including geographic information,data collecting is made easier and can help build tools tailored to the participation and negotiation between the various operators and program economic projects, which requires an approach based on the analysis and participative management of geographical management based on the expertise of these peoples.This thesis aims to be a support for local operators in the Sahel region when implementinglocal development plans and empower them by allowing a larger say in the decision making process. The aim is to contribute to a sound natural resources management by the development of management plans in the various areas, through a participative management of local geographical information and by mobilizing local expertise and knowhow.The question is how to define local development plans with the Sahel peoples, each with its own socio-economic specificity (pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, farmers, public figures, state officials ...) and to integrate their expertise, including their spatial expertise, in the developments of planning tools for economic development programmes.The results of the Southern Mali experience was an opportunity to take stock of the progress in the decentralization process, of the difficulties in having local peoples participate in decision making, of local development approaches and the vast expertise of the communities. These results offer prospects for the local development of specific communities in the Sahel, giving them planning tools based on a well-balanced participative management of local geographic expertise
Sourisseau, Jean-Michel. "Les stratégies de diversification des revenus sur les grands aménagements hydro-agricoles sahéliens : les cas de l'office du Niger au Mali et du delta du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100075.
Full textBrandt, Martin [Verfasser]. "Environmental Change Based on Earth Observation and Field Data - A Local Study in the Sahel Zone of Mali and Senegal / Martin Brandt." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060010038/34.
Full textBonnecase, Vincent. "Pauvreté au Sahel : la construction des savoirs sur les niveaux de vie au Burkina Faso, au Mali et au Niger (1945-1974)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010710.
Full textNguyen, Cam Chi. "Dynamique, structure et production de la végétation du Gourma (Sahel, Mali) en relation avec les sols, l'occupation des sols et les systèmes hydriques : étude de télédétection à haute et moyenne résolution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30143.
Full textThe Sahel is a semiarid region located south of the Sahara desert. The Sahel is particularly sensitive to climatic change and is subject to a high inter-annual and decadal rainfall variability. This region was marked by two periods of very severe droughts which occurred in 1983 - 1984 and 1972-1973 within a long dry period which began in 1970. This long drought deeply impacted water resources and vegetation, causing soil erosion, huge livestock losses and catastrophic harvests accentuating the impoverishment of the rural population. This study is an attempt to characterize and quantify changes in soils, vegetation and hydrology at the scale of the Gourma region (90 000 km²) located in Northern Mali from the last 55 years. Three types of remote sensing data have been used: 1) high spatial resolution Landsat images, 2) very high spatial resolution Geo-Eye images (Google-Earth) and 3) NDVI data measured by the moderate spatial resolution satellite (MODIS). The approach aims to characterize soil surface texture, local redistribution of rainwater by surface run off, surface hydrology and vegetation cover changes over the considered period. Temporal dynamics of vegetation and soils are pointed out. Particularly, this study shows the strong relationships between soil types, surface hydrology and vegetation dynamics at different spatial scales. Land cover changes are also characterized over the considered period
Schulze, Alexander [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neubert. "Gesundheitssicherung im Kontext sozialer Differenzierung im westlichen Sahel : zur gesellschaftlichen Reichweite gemeindebasierter Krankenkassen im ländlichen Mali [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Alexander Schulze. Betreuer: Dieter Neubert." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068258675/34.
Full textSordi, Valentina. "A STATE IN THE STATE : THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL AGENTS IN THE DESTATALIZATION PROCESS: THE CASE OF MALI." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30721.
Full textTraore, Bakary. "Conflit au nord du Mali : traitement médiatique par les hebdomadaires français de 1990 à 2010." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020015.
Full textSince independence, in 1960, Mali, in its Northern part, (the three administrative regions: Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal), has faced on going insecurity, across the vast Sahara desert. The Tuareg community, deeply rooted in their nomadic culture, have long dreamt of forming an independent state in the border area between Mali, Niger and Algeria. The Malian state has always opposed their irredentist claim, which counters national unityand territorial integrity. From 1990 to 2010, the process to implement peace agreements was punctuated by actions of rebels. From abroad, the French weeklies provide incomplete and biased information about this security phenomenon. Most of the time,this media coverage ignores daily realities, peace and development actions, and favourssecurity developments, attacks and reprisals between rebels and regular army. In such circumstances, it is of utmost importance for the medias to give all available information. Through my research, I thus intend to high light the gap between the coverage by the French weeklies of the conflict in the North of Mali and the ground realities, from 1990 and 2010
Marega, Oumar. "Changements socio-environnementaux et évolution des pratiques agropastorales en Afrique sahélienne : étude comparée entre le Ferlo (Sénégal), le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC228/document.
Full textIn a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara
Faivre, Pierre-Marie. "Le traitement des questions de sécurité dans la région sahélo-saharienne : étude des approches malienne, nigérienne et burkinabè." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB171.
Full textThe repetition of political and security crisis in the Sahel region highlights the multiplicity of factors of instability. The State being at the center of our study, we will observe that, despite exogenous threats, its fragility is mostly the result of endogenous decisions. This said, our work will analyze policies implemented by the authorities of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, the regional frame in which they place themselves and the mutual dependence they contracted. To counter the weakness of these countries, the regional approach has benne praised. Its effectiveness must, however, face the defense of rulers' and States' particular interests
Bahou, Mohamed El Amine. "Les franchises africaines d'Al Qaida." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020073.
Full textAl Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb and Al-Shabaab perfectly illustrate the functioning of contemporary jihad. Born into a context of civil war, from the fall out of national jihadist movements, these two groups are, today, the only ones in Africa whose allegiance have been acknowledged by Al Qaida. Seizing on domestic political and economic struggles, the two groups rose to prominence through social fault lines and equality claims. Facing security and political stalemates, they made allegiance to Al Qaida hoping that international recognition would provide them with the wherewithal and recruits they lacked. The allegiances were opportunistically acknowledged by Al Qaida when Bin Laden's organization was severely weakened by years of war on terror.On the other side of the game, due to a set of divergent ideologies and particular interests, States and international organizations are deploying cacophonous strategies, that not only have poor effect on the ground, but also fit well with the jihadist propaganda. The tale of a foretold fiasco
Pakarinen, Kira. "A Forever Superior French Self in its former pré carré africain? : A post-structuralist foreign policy analysis of Emmanuel Macron's legitimation discourse around Operation Barkhane in Mali." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45618.
Full textBa, Samba Aly. "Processus de décentralisation au Mali et les effets sociopolitiques de la gouvernance locale sur les usages : Conflits de leadership et jeux de coopération des acteurs locaux dans le cercles de Diéma et de Nioro du Sahel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0043.
Full textFrom the 90’s, Mali got into a real decentralization process. But most of the decentralized territorial entities face the challenges of local governance. The community-based management that this new situation implies leads to open frameworks for consultations and decision-making for a large number of citizens. This is not without creating conflicts of competence between the ministerial administrative supervisor, the decentralized services of the state, the local collectivities, and the actors of the decentralized cooperation, the civil society, the traditional chieftaincies and the communities of villages. Indeed, the studies on local governance and decentralization policies have become a canonical object in political science. But it still remains current news. In political science, “local governance” stems generally from “political governance”. It refers to the forms of coordination, which include a plurality of actors. In that sense, the local public action is not the only fact of elected authorities who are obliged to involve the plurality of actors in the decisional process. Local governance creates situations of a combination of actors who belong to different socio-political and professional areas. It implies “power sharing” in the decision-making process and the recognition of a multiplicity of stakeholders in the management of the community affairs. The objective of this socio-political reflection, from the experience of Mali, especially in the circles of Diema and Nioro du Sahel, is to study the local socio-political landscape from the local governance conflicts due to the management of the community development equipment, the decentralized cooperation and local development programs. It is also about how to find in the African past of fertilizing elements that promote relevant decentralization process adapted to our progress and rview holders
Jamin, Jean-Yves. "De la norme à la diversité : L'intensification rizicole face à la diversité paysanne dans les périmètres irrigués de l'Office du Niger (Mali)." Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408411.
Full textCette diversité des réponses nous a conduit à nous interroger sur la diversité des fonctionnements des exploitations agricoles. Celle-ci a été analysée dans une démarche "systèmes de production" prenant en compte aussi bien le riz que les activités non-rizicoles, mais aussi dans une démarche de "recherche-développement" associant étroitement les cadres du développement aux travaux entrepris.
La typologie élaborée met en évidence l'importance des composantes non rizicoles des systèmes de production dans le fonctionnement global de ceux-ci, mais aussi la sensibilité des exploitations de l'Office du Niger aux aléas extérieurs. Les suivis de parcelles effectués montrent que cette diversité des fonctionnements a des conséquences sur la conduite des rizières, puisque l'on retrouve à ce niveau une assez forte variabilité des pratiques culturales. A partir de là, des recherches plus techniques ont été entreprises pour répondre aux problèmes identifiés, avec le souci d'élaborer des références susceptibles de valoriser la diversité des exploitations agricoles et utilisables facilement par des conseillers agricoles.
La typologie n'est pas restée un outil de description de la réalité, elle a pu être utilisée pour définir des actions prenant en compte la diversité des exploitations. Pour les recherches techniques, elle a conduit à mettre l'accent sur la mise au point de modèles d'intensification différenciés, plus souples. Pour le conseil technique rizicole, elle a permis de moduler les conseils en fonction des objectifs et des contraintes des différents types d'exploitations. Elle a aussi permis, en montrant l'importance des activités non-rizicoles dans le fonctionnement de certains types d'exploitations, de développer un conseil sur le maraîchage et l'élevage, auparavant négligés. Enfin, elle fournit aux décideurs politiques et financiers des éléments sur les mesures à prendre en matière de réhabilitation des casiers, de réattribution foncière, d'aménagement de l'espace, d'intégration sociale et d'organisation des producteurs.
Hautdidier, Baptiste. "Bûcherons et dynamiques institutionnelles locales au Mali : la gouvernance incertaine des ressources ligneuses des environs de Bamako, à travers l'étude des marchés ruraux de bois de la commune de Zan Coulibaly." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289508.
Full textAprès un recadrage des racines intellectuelles de ce dispositif pensé pour assurer l'approvisionnement des grandes villes du pays en bois-énergie, dans le double contexte d'une réforme du secteur forestier et de l'achèvement d'un processus de décentralisation politique, ses conséquences sanitaires et environnementales sont brièvement exposées. A travers une étude de cas menée dans une commune des environs de Bamako (Zan Coulibaly), c'est la mise en évidence des profondes modifications causées par les marchés ruraux (lues en terme de configurations institutionnelles, de pratiques d'exploitation des ressources naturelles et de conflits territoriaux) qui justifie par contre un questionnement méthodologique approfondi sur l'analyse de situations de gestion contestée de ressources naturelles communes.
Prenant en compte les pratiques routinières des acteurs, le fonctionnement réel des filières bois et charbon, ainsi que les dynamiques institutionnelles locales, le cadre d'analyse s'inspire de la littérature des commons, des travaux sur les entitlements d'Amartya Sen, de la théorie de la structuration de Giddens. Il permet alors de présenter à travers des entrées respectivement : (i) « domestique », les déterminants de l'exploitation du bois au sein du marché rural & son impact économique direct ; (ii) « locale », la traduction en termes spatiaux et territoriaux de son fonctionnement ; (iii) « politique », les enjeux de gouvernance plus larges qu'il soulève.
Sissoko, Boubacar. "Le cheikh al-Mukhtâr al-Saghîr al-Kuntî (1790-1847) : médiation entre l'Etat peul du Macina et les Touaregs de Tombouctou de 1826 à 1847 : édition, traduction et commentaire de manuscrits." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2028.
Full textThe Fulani state of Macina was founded in 1818 the shepherd Sékou Amadou (1845), who had epistolary relations with the Kunta family of Timbuktu. The reported information from the oral tradition considers the relationship between these two parties as conflictual. According to the latter, the Kunta were agitators attempting to rise up the Tuaregs against the Fulani rulers of Macina. Now, according to their different epistolary exchanges, it seemed to us that this relation had known two distinct periods the nature of which varies, according to that which extends from the rise to power of Sekou Amadou until 1847, or that which opens with Aḥmad al-Bakkāy al-Kuntī, especially from 1851/2 until the victory of al-Ḥāğğ cUmar Tall on the last emir, Amadou Amadou, in 1862.One of the Kunta chiefs of the first period was Sheikh al-Muḫtār al-ṣaġīr (1847). He accompanied the Fulani dynasty of Macina, maintained the good relationship that his predecessors had forged with the Fulani and undertook good offices between them and the Touaregs of Timbuktu. However, during the mediation of Sheikh Kunta between the Fulani and the Tuaregs, some difficulties arose, differences of opinion and interpretation without having noticeable consequences on their mutual relations. His correspondences with the Fulani rulers of Macina made it possible to treat the burning topics of his time, some of whichare still relevant in Mali.Our work proposes to publish, to comment, to treat the few handwritten epistles that these men, religious and political, have exchanged, to demonstrate to what extent the two traditions, oral and written, converge or diverge, and to make a historical study of the Tuareg question in Mali, which has become a recurrent conflict
Ag, Atteynine Solimane. "Changement climatique et rongeurs ravageurs des cultures : effet attractif des cultures de saison sèche sur les espèces du genre Arvicanthis au Mali." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0130.
Full textIn Mali, during the dry season, there is the issue of the attractive effect of dry season crops on rodent pests, which would be all the more marked in the latitudinal gradient of Sudan-Sahel aridity GECS (1100 mm to 200 mm). These hypotheses are tested in the genus Arvicanthis (A.ansorgei, A. niloticus). The results of the previous cytogenetic survey 1994-1999 and an expanded survey 2009-2014 reveal recent changes in the distribution areas of both species; suggesting a strong role of their chronobiological adaptation in the determinism of their distribution. This horizontal approach followed by a vertical approach (2009-2016) compares four indicators of the attractiveness of the CSS vs. the MNC in the five climatic regions of GECS (Sikasso, Koulikoro, Ségou, Mopti, Gao). The population densities of both species are higher in the CSS vs. the MNC; and this attractiveness of the CSS increases with aridity in the area of A. niloticus. The ratio of "migratory strategists" within populations demonstrates the buffering effect of the CSS and confirms the frequency of these episodes. The diet study confirms their phytophagous diet. In a natural environment, aridity induces a decrease in the consumption of plants compensated by that of non-orthopterous Arthropods; and the diversity of plants consumed decreases with aridity in A.ansorgei vs increases with aridity in A. niloticus. The buffering effect of CSS "neutralizes" inter-specific differences, and in both species, in the CSS, the diversity of weeds consumed decreases to the detriment of crops, especially rice and the consumption in the Orthoptera increases
Novotný, František. "Vícečetné mírové operace v Mali." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448377.
Full textSow, Djiby. "La légalité de l'intervention militaire française au Mali : contribution à l’étude du cadre juridique de la lutte armée contre le terrorisme international." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13993.
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