Journal articles: 'Saigon (vietnam)'

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Stur, Heather. "“To Do Nothing Would be to Dig Our Own Graves: Student Activism in the Republic of Vietnam”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 26, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 285–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02603004.

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During the Vietnam War, South Vietnamese students were some of the most vocal activists asserting multiple visions for Vietnam’s future. Students’ attitudes spanned the political spectrum from staunchly anti-Communist to supportive of the National Liberation Front. Like young people throughout the world in the 1960s, students in South Vietnam embodied the spirit of the global Sixties as a hopeful moment in which the possibility of freedom energized those demanding political change. South Vietnam’s university students staged protests, wrote letters, and drew up plans of action that tried to unite the disparate political interests among the nation’s young people as politicians and generals in Saigon attempted to establish a viable national government. South Vietnamese government officials and U.S. advisors paid close attention to student activism hoping to identify and cultivate sources of support for the Saigon regime. While some students were willing to work with Americans, others argued that foreign intervention of any kind was bad for Vietnam. The Saigon government’s repressive tactics for dealing with political protest drove away students who otherwise might have supported it.

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Lê, Antoine. "Pre-Unification Transition in South Vietnam and the Ho Chi Minh City Military Administration (1975–1976)." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 5, no. 1S (December 16, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2021.s-11-22.

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Using materials from the Vietnams National Archives Center No. 2, in particular the incomplete series of the Military Administration Committees weekly or monthly reports, as well as recently published archival documents from the Central Office of South Vietnam (COSVN), this paper aims to shed light on the issue of Tiếp quản, the transition of power in Saigon after 30 April 1975 from the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) to the combined Vietnamese revolutionary forces by studying the Ủy ban Qun quản Thnh phố Si Gn Gia định (UBQQSG), the Military Administration Committee for the City of Saigon Gia Dinh. This paper will start by examining what kind of challenge Saigon represented for the Vietnamese revolution and how the revolutionaries prepared to face it. Second it will tackle the issue of the presence of Southerners in the state apparatus for transition. Third, it will go over the main policies that the UBQQSG implemented, what resistance it confronted and how it struggled with issues of discipline amongst its assigned cadres. Finally, the article proposes an expansion of the dates in which the Vietnam War is generally examined by pushing back the end of the periodization to July 1976 and the official reunification of Vietnam.

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Keith, Jeffrey A. "Producing Miss Saigon." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 22, no. 3 (October 14, 2015): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02203005.

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This essay examines Western representations of Saigon as a feminine and sensual place, providing examples of continuity between French colonial portrayals of the city and print journalism during the u.s. presence in Vietnam from the mid-1950s to 1975. Femininity and sexual allure feature prominently in an array of 19th Century works about Saigon, yet those writings vary considerably. By the early 20th Century, Western writers had begun to personify Saigon as a woman engaged in a relationship with a Western man. In similar ways, femininity and sensuality figured prominently in how Western journalists covered Saigon throughout the Vietnam War. Such representations cast a mold for tragic postwar narratives—a genre that the celebrated musical Miss Saigon best exemplified. Weighing the possibilities and shortcomings of collectively interpreting these writings as an Orientalist discourse, this article surveys more than a century of work that describes Saigon as a sensual maiden whom the West courted, exploited, and abandoned.

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Tran, Thuan. "Saigon in the process of South Vietnam’s integration into the area in nineteenth century." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.736.

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From the beginning to open up the southern land, Saigon has soon represented as the center of the whole Southern with a strong pervasion. Saigon has also received the influence of Western Civilization in order to urbanize rapidly. In the nineteenth century, Saigon had a strong integration and became the motive force in leading the South Vietnam to integrate into the area and the world. The French colonialism invaded Gia Dinh and invested to establish Saigon as the administrative centre, the capital of Southern. They turned Saigon into the international trade center. Saigon changed its look and quickly became “Pearl of the Far East”.

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Lee, Cheng-Few, and Cao Hao Thi. "Recap of the 23rd Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics, Accounting, and Management." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 19, no. 01 (March 2016): 1696001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091516960011.

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The 23rd Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics, Accounting, and Management was held in Saigon Technology University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam on July 16th and July 17th, 2015. The first conference was held at Rutgers University in 1993. Since then, the conference has been held in Hong Kong (1994, 1998), Taipei (1995, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2011), Bangkok (2000, 2004, 2009), Rutgers (1996, 2001, 2005, 2012), Singapore (1997, 2002), Vietnam (2007), Australia (2008, 2013), China (2010), and Japan (2014). The program co-directors of the conference were Cheng-Few Lee, Rutgers University, USA, and Cao Hao Thi, Saigon Technology University, Vietnam.

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Gonzalez, Elwing Sương. "No “Little Saigon” in L.A." California History 98, no. 4 (2021): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2021.98.4.30.

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Starting in 1975, Los Angeles attracted what would become, within a decade, the largest concentration of resettled Vietnamese refugees in the United States. A combination of legacies led to the concentration of Vietnamese in Los Angeles: decades of U.S. involvement in Vietnam; Cold War foreign policy; domestic urban planning; and public housing policies born of the city’s history of racial segregation. These structural forces also drew many other immigrant groups to Los Angeles during the same period, as Koreans, Thais, Mexicans, and Central Americans likewise concentrated in L.A., each developing their own distinctive enclaves in the same districts and neighborhoods as the Vietnamese refugees. Refugee resettlement in Los Angeles in the 1970s and ’80s meant that the Vietnamese benefited from services and institutions established earlier for prior immigrant and refugee groups who had made their way to L.A., but also competition and conflict over space, markets, services, and resources, as well as cross-cultural cooperation and convergence. However, unlike some other newcomer groups, Vietnamese refugees had access to specific government-funded resources and opportunities, in addition to personal, professional, and military-related connections, that stemmed from the United States’ decades-long imperialist project in Vietnam. This article examines the settlement and placemaking experiences of Vietnamese refugees among other immigrant groups—overlap, similarities, and differences—in Los Angeles in this era.

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Duc, Pham Anh, and Dang Quoc Dung. "Water Quality Assessment Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Saigon River and Its Tributaries, Vietnam." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0013.

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Abstract This study to enhance the discussion about the usefulness of benthic macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment in Saigon River and its tributaries. Data from 16 sites were used as a representative example for Saigon River and its tributaries in the area of basin over 4,500 km2, the length through provinces of Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, and Ho Chi Minh City of about 280 km. The data covered the period of dry and rainy seasons in 2015, the survey sampled 16 sites (32 events) of the Saigon River and its tributaries selected. To implement this evaluation, the analyses were based on MRC methods and classifications these improved by the scientific group. The analysis of general characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and bio-indices were used to examine the spatial patterns of water quality and biological groups. The value of good water quality was recorded in the sites far from industrial parks, crowded citizen areas, big cities (SG1 and SG2) while the sites in near urban Ho Chi Minh City and Thu Dau Mot Town or industrial areas (the section of Saigon River from SG6 to SG13) where had the value of worse water quality because of the more human activities. Especially, there was not any animal that was collected in the site SG7 because of too heavy pollution. The results demonstrated that these organisms could be applied to describe the ecological health in the Saigon River and its tributaries.

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Long, Tran Thanh, and Sucharit Koontanakulvong. "Groundwater and River Interaction Impact to Aquifer System in Saigon River Basin, Vietnam." Engineering Journal 24, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.5.15.

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Since the 1990s, under the pressure of socio-economic growth in the Ho Chi Minh City and nearby provinces, the heavy-extraction of groundwater of this area has dramatically increased to meet high water demand for domestic and industrial purposes. Although the groundwater – Saigon River interaction significantly contributes to groundwater reserves, researchers have been less attentive to fully describe and understand the river recharge. This study attempts to explore the impact of groundwater-river interaction to aquifer system due to pumping increase via field seepage and (O18, H2) isotopic measurements in the Saigon River Basin, South East of Vietnam. The analysis showed that river bed conductance at 0 km, 30 km, 60 km, 80 km, and 120 km were 4.5 m2/day/m, 4.2 m2/day/m, 2.5 m2/day/m, 1.7 m2/day/m, and 0.25 m2/day/m respectively. The riverbed conductance relies on the sand percentage of sediment. The composition δO18 in groundwater, river, and precipitation indicates that river recharge to groundwater exists mainly in the lower part of the basin. In contrast to downstream, the composition of δO18 was signified that the river primarily gains water from groundwater upstream. Under pressure of developing economies, the groundwater pumping in the Saigon river basin increased from 175,000 m3/day in 1995 to 880,000 m3/day in 2017. As a consequence of the increased pumping rate, the groundwater discharge to the river decreases from 1.6 to 0.7 times of groundwater pumping in upstream, while the amount of Saigon river recharge increases by 33% to 50% of the total groundwater pumping downstream. Under the exceedance pumping rate, the aquifers in the Saigon River Basin release less water to the Saigon river and it tends to gain more water through the river - groundwater interaction process. Therefore, groundwater management in downstream aquifers needs better joint planning with surface water development plans, particularly for surface water supply utilities which still struggle to satisfy the water demand of the development plan.

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9

Wallace, John. "Psychiatry in Vietnam: a personal impression." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 12 (December 1997): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.12.779.

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After the fall of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese forces in 1975, Vietnam has remained virtually isolated from the rest of the world. With the global political changes of the past 10 years. the Hanoi Government succeeded in reducing Vietnam's international isolation in part by attempting to open the country's door to foreign visitors. The country stretches along the eastern coast of the Indo-Chinese peninsula and is slightly larger than Italy. It is ‘S-shaped’, broad in the north and south and very narrow in the centre (Fig. 1). The country's main cultivated areas are the Red River delta in the north and the Mekong delta containing Ho Chi Min city (Saigon) in the south.

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10

Cass, Philip. "REVIEW: History of Vietnam War places correspondent roles in broader setting." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (July 31, 2019): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.496.

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Vietnam: An epic tragedy 1945-1975, by Max Hastings. London: William Collins. 2018. 722 pages. ISBN 978-0-00-813298-9WHEN SAIGON fell, 44 years ago on 30 April 1975, a number of journalists, photographers and cameramen were there to witness the final humiliation of the United States. Journalist John Pilger and cameraman Neil Davis, both Australians, were there to see the North Vietnamese Army take the city, as was New Zealander Peter Arnett, among others. Pilger’s slim volume about those events, The Last Day, is a classic. Davis survived Saigon, but filmed his own death while covering an attempted coup in Bangkok in 1987.

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11

DeWALD, ERICH. "Taking to the Waves: Vietnamese society around the radio in the 1930s." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000606.

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AbstractCompared with other public media, the colonial state showed a relative lack of interest in radio broadcasting, which developed in Vietnam in the 1930s under the aegis of two organizations based in Hanoi and Saigon, the Radio-Club de l'Indochine du Nord and Radio Saigon. These two groups were largely responsible for the new technology's expansion and for determining the content of broadcasting. The groups actively consulted the growing radio public, and that vocal audience played a role in determining not just what was heard but also in the social life of radio in late-colonial Vietnam. The content of radio was limited to a non-political domain and this fact, along with the particular position that many radios took in the social geography of towns and cities, lent itself to the easy entry of the radio into day-to-day life. Indeed, the early history of radio in Vietnam is remarkable for how rapidly it became commonplace, even banal.

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12

McALLISTER, JAMES. ""A Fiasco of Noble Proportions"." Pacific Historical Review 73, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 619–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2004.73.4.619.

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The 1967 presidential elections in South Vietnam presented U.S. policymakers with their last opportunity to establish a potentially popular and legitimate non-communist government there. This article examines how and why the Johnson administration squandered this opportunity over the course of 1967. U.S. policymakers faced the choice of intervening actively to promote a more civilian popular government or adopting a stance of non-intervention that would effectively keep the government in the hands of South Vietnam's military rulers. Although many of Johnson's closest advisers and the State Department preferred the former policy, the administration largely pursued the policy of non-intervention advocated by Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge and the Saigon Embassy. By choosing stability over reform, Johnson's policy toward the South Vietnamese election of 1967 helped ensure that U.S. efforts to wage war would continue to be compromised by its support of a corrupt, unpopular regime in Saigon.

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13

Ngo, Quy Tran Thien. "The petrographic characteristics and the upper stratigraphic boundary of limestone late permian in the geological section in South – Eastern region, Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.927.

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In the South – Eastern region, Vietnam, the stratigraphic boundary of Late Permian - Early Triassic has long been considered as an unconformity boundary between Ta Vat formation (Late Permian) and Song Saigon formation (Early Triassic). Recent studies on the petrographic and geological structure of this section suggested that it may be a conformable stratigraphic boundary, where there is the transition from limestone series such as grainstone, packstone, wackstone of Ta Vat formation to the sedimentary rocks such as claystone, and marl. This characteristic was closey related to the geological structure of Song Saigon.

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Pham, Van Tai. "Optimizing Logistics System to Serve Vietnam's Rice Export Strategy." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p231.

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Vietnam is a country with strengths in agricultural production, rich and valuable agricultural products. Vietnam is often described as a giant boom with two big granaries at both ends, the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta. Besides, the appropriate weather and climate conditions and fertile soil have created an ideal environment for rice production, thereby making rice a strong export item for Vietnam. In order to boost export rice output, the role of the transport and logistics system is very important. If the transport system is equipped and linked together, it will create added value for the components of the system, while reducing transport costs, warehousing costs, distribution, and circulation, ... increase farmers' income, profits for businesses, create great export value for the country. One of the most important tasks to achieve this goal is to optimize Vietnam's rice export system. This issue is always urgent, not only for the executive agency, macro-management of the State but also for organizations, businesses, ... involved in the production and export of rice. This paper focuses on analyzing and assessing the current situation of Vietnam's export rice transport system and forecasting the future in each period. From there, select the basic parameters (or criteria) to build the optimal export rice transport system. The author has built a general and specific model for 02 transshipment scenarios including scenario 1 is Saigon port, scenario 2 is Saigon port and Can Tho port. The core of the paper is a detailed calculation with 05 options for each scenario, based on the selected basic parameters, with the LINGO 13.0 FOR WINDOWS software. From there, identify and select the most optimal plan for Vietnam's export rice transport system in general and the Mekong Delta in particular.

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Tavakol, Mohamad, Le Thi Mai, and Mina Mansouri. "Sociological Study of Mental Disorders in HCMC (Vietnam)." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 4 (January 27, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2686.

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The focus of this study is on the prevalence of mental disorders among the people aged between 18-64 years who are living in Saigon (HCMC), and an analysis of the sociological factors that affect the spread of these disorders. The theoretical framework of this research is a synthesis of the sociological theory of Anomie of Durkheim and the Strain theory of Merton. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) is used, and to determine their effective sociological parameters we prepared a second Questionnaire, the sociological one, comprising questions derived from Durkheim and Merton's theories. The sample size was 384, using Cochran formula, and sampling was a multi-stage cluster sampling. The results from the analyses of the data showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorder in Saigon is 10.2%: in men 5.5% and in women 12.8%. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, structural and social pressures, family problems, and social capital, were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. The sociological factors which were not confirmed were religion and ethnicity.

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Ho, Bang Quoc, Huong Thi Thanh Vo, and Suwat Chuanak. "Evaluation of air pollutant emissions and Modeling of air quality in Saigon Port, Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1383.

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Saigon Port within the port system of the Vietnam Maritime sector is one the port having highest throughput and productivity in the country. The air quality in the area around the port is polluted. The aim of this study is to calculate air pollutant emissions from ocean-going vessels (OGVs), harbour craft (HC), cargo handling equipment (CHE), road vehicles and power plant within the port. Then the air emissions results are used for modelling air quality in Saigon Port. The results of air quality modelling are used to design emissions abatement strategies. The results of air emission inventories show that total emissions of all pollutants are dominated by OGVs and harbor cranes. Emissions from OGVs are mainly during hotelling due to the long times spent at berth, while harbor cranes emissions are high because of the extended usage and high power rating. The results of air quality modeling using only air emission inventories from the port as input parameter show that concentration of air pollutants is lower than the Vietnamese technical regulation on ambient air quality. Only air emissions from Saigon port don’t pollute the air surrounding area but if combined with other sources of emissions cause air pollution to the surrounding area.

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Conrad, David A. "‘Before It Is Too Late’: Land Reform in South Vietnam, 1956–1968." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02101002.

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Attempts by the U.S. government to enact land redistribution in the Republic of Vietnam began in the mid-1950s. At that time. land reform was a linchpin of U.S. foreign policy in Asia. Wolf Ladejinsky, author of the legislation that had virtually eliminated tenancy in occupied Japan, encountered political controversy in Washington and administrative challenges in Saigon in his attempt to bring about greater equality of land ownership in South Vietnam. This initial attempt to modify land tenure arrangements failed when redistribution stalled, far from complete, during 1961. Although new land reform legislation did not appear until 1970, the 1960s were by no means years of inaction on land reform. Years of behind-the-scenes efforts by American policymakers in Washington and Saigon culminated in the Land-to-the-Tiller Law, an ambitious but doomed attempt to complete the work that Ladejinsky had begun over a decade earlier. Documents from the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library, many newly declassified, suggest that bureaucratic intrigue and political infighting within the Johnson administration and Congress both hindered and facilitated the emergence of a new land reform program in war-ravaged South Vietnam.

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Schaller, George B., Nguyen Xuan Dang, Le Dinh Thuy, and Vo Thanh Son. "Javan rhinoceros in Vietnam." Oryx 24, no. 2 (April 1990): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034712.

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Two species of rhinoceros—the Javan and the Sumatran—once inhabited Vietnam but the Sumatran rhinoceros apparently became extinct there early this century and by the late 1960s it was feared that the Javan rhinoceros probably no longer occurred there either. Then, in November 1988, a hunter shot an adult female rhinoceros about 130 km north-east of Saigon. He was arrested when he tried to sell the horn and hide. In early 1989 the authors were conducting wildlife surveys near where the killing took place and they took this opportunity to check the status of the species. They found evidence that perhaps 10–15 Javan rhinoceros still survive in Vietnam. As a result of this discovery the Vietnamese Government has set up a Rhinoceros Conservation Group.

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Van, Tuan Pham, and Sucharit Koontanakulvong. "Groundwater and River Interaction Parameter Estimation in Saigon River, Vietnam." Engineering Journal 22, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.1.257.

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Earl, Catherine. "Saigon Style: Middle-Class Culture and Transformations of Urban Lifestyling in Post-Reform Vietnamese Media." Media International Australia 147, no. 1 (May 2013): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314700110.

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Twenty-first-century Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) is the centre of style for a growing urban middle class in post-reform Vietnam. Over the past generation, since macro-economic reform (đổi mới), and with increased opportunities for business, education and travel, urbanites have been able to climb the social ladder and wield new forms of social power stemming from emerging lifestyle and consumption practices. Middle-class lifestyles have become the most desired models for living, providing an opportunity for the government to rely on the urban lifestyle media to convey its point of view to a receptive public. Engaging with Vietnam's urban lifestyle media, this article argues that the impact of reform in Vietnam has been overstated. Popular women's magazines reveal that continuities remain in the mode and content of the delivery of the state's values in the socialist past and the market-oriented present, even with the evolution of a modern mass media system.

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Van Ha, Nguyen Thi, Satoshi Takizawa, Kumiko Oguma, and Nguyen Van Phuoc. "Sources and leaching of manganese and iron in the Saigon River Basin, Vietnam." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 10 (May 1, 2011): 2231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.460.

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High concentrations of manganese and iron in the Saigon River are major problems for the water supply in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. To identify their sources and leaching processes, we surveyed water quality along the Saigon River and ran batch leaching tests using soil and sediment samples. Two important leaching processes were identified: acidic leaching from acid sulfate soil (ASS) in the middle reaches of the river, and Mn dissolution and Fe reduction from sediments in the downstream reaches. Low pH caused the concurrent release of Fe and Mn from the ASS. In contrast, anoxia caused the release of Fe but not Mn from the sediments, whereas low pH facilitated Mn dissolution. Sediments are a more important source of Mn because of their higher Mn contents (10 times) and release rates (14 times) than those from ASS.

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Vu, Anh Quy Tung. "Organization of the Republic-of-Vietnam Military Forces in the 1969-1975 period via Saigon government documents." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.735.

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By codifying the documents of the Republic-of-Vietnam government kept at the National Archives Center II (NACII), the author will redraw the organization of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces in the 1969-1975 period. This reconstruction will help the author and researchers to have a full overview on military tools – Republic-of-Vietnam Military Forces during the war of American in Southern Vietnam and on the process of Vietnamese people’s fighting against a modern army trained and commanded by U.S. Army.

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Lammers, A. "Our Man in Saigon: A Note on the Appointment of Cabot Lodge as Ambassador to South Vietnam." Itinerario 22, no. 3 (November 1998): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530000961x.

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Since this conference is a small and intimate affair, the question I want to raise today is a modest: Why did President Kennedy in July 1963 appoint Henry Cabot Lodge Jr as the American Ambassador to Saigon?The question is not only modest, Professor Gardner might say that it is redundant. In Pay Any Price: Lyndon Johnson and the Wars for Vietnam, Gardner writes about Kennedy's decision to replace Frederick Nolting and nominate Lodge, that the new ambassador could offer him ‘protective coloration’ against Republicans attacking the Administration's Vietnam policy.

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Gadkar-Wilcox, Wynn. "Existentialism and Intellectual Culture in South Vietnam." Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813002349.

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Among the eclecticism and diversity of the intellectual marketplace in 1960s Saigon, frequent discussions of existentialism stand out. In popular scholarly journals and literary reviews, such as Bách khoa and Đại học, intellectuals, such as Nguyễn Văn Trung and Trần Thái Đỉnh, analyzed the relevance of the works of Malraux, Camus, and Sartre to Buddhism and to the situation of war-torn Vietnam. This article considers two possible reasons why existentialism appealed to intellectuals in South Du's Vietnam. First, it examines whether Vietnamese existentialists were searching for equivalency with Western nations. Second, it discusses how these authors saw existentialism as a useful way to refuse both capitalist and communist political positions.

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Nguyen, Thi My Yen, and Xuan Quang Ngo. "Trophic structure of free-living nematodes in the Saigon River, Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering 59, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.59(2).56.

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O'Connell, Kim. "Vestiges of Vietnam: Uncovering the Hidden Heritage of Virginia's Little Saigon." Forum Journal 32, no. 4 (2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fmj.2018.0027.

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Mack, Adam. "Selma to Saigon: the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War." Sixties 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17541328.2015.1014167.

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Boczar, Amanda. "Uneasy Allies." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 22, no. 3 (October 14, 2015): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02203003.

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Relations between u.s. servicemen and Vietnamese civilians represent one of the most persistent cultural legacies of the Vietnam War. From brides to bar girls to crass film tropes of Vietnamese sex workers, women occupy a prominent place in the war’s memory. At the time, however, the media and u.s. government officials portrayed sex as a subtext to the larger conflict. From the outset, officials on all sides of the negotiating table struggled over how to contain the diverse impacts of the relationships on health, security, and morale. Prostitution played a central role in the debate. u.s. officials attempted to discount the significance of their impact on foreign relations and warfare, but social relationships indeed had an impact on how Americans engaged Saigon’s leaders. While scholars typically have shown the United States as the dominant power in Vietnam, sexuality became a somewhat level playing field where both governments feared the repercussions of limiting intercultural intimacy as much as they feared letting it continue. At first, the Saigon government enacted strict laws and attempted to prosecute violators, but never committed to eradication. By the war’s height u.s. officials adopted rigorous new programs which led to an Americanization of sexual and social policies regarding prostitution in Vietnam.

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Duong, Linh Kieu. "Con Dao island through the eyes of Saigon ‘s press before 1975." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1405.

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For historians, the media is an important historical source. Con Dao is a special province of Vietnam. The paper presents an approach to Con Dao through historical sources of the Saigon press before 1975 to have a more comprehensive view. Through the content as the name implies, through natural, economic, social and cultural conditions, and potential development evaluation, the original intentions of the government of The Republic of Saigon on prison issues and on the terror cannot be changed. Through a number of important events such as the return of prisoners of war from Con Dao in 1973, etc. the author aims to add a view and wish to confirm the value of historical sources of media while approaching and presenting a problem of history, and so on.

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Hunter, Michael. "Defining a War: INDOCHINA, THE VIETNAM WAR, AND THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT." Marine Corps History 6, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2020060204.

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Only two weeks after the fall of Saigon in May 1975, Khmer Rouge forces seized the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez (1944) off the Cambodian coast, setting up a Marine rescue and recovery battle on the island of Koh Tang. This battle on 12–15 May 1975 was the final U.S. military episode amid the wider Second Indochina War. The term Vietnam War has impeded a proper understanding of the wider war in the American consciousness, leading many to disassociate the Mayaguez incident from the Vietnam War, though they belong within the same historical frame. This article seeks to provide a heretofore unseen historical argument connecting the Mayaguez incident to the wider war and to demonstrate that Mayaguez and Koh Tang veterans are Vietnam veterans, relying on primary sources from the Ford administration, the papers of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, and interviews with veterans.

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Sidel, Mark. "The Re-emergence of China Studies in Vietnam." China Quarterly 142 (June 1995): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000035049.

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After war, years of hostility and a long period of gradually improving Party and state relations, the study of China has begun to re-emerge in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Vietnam has had a sinological tradition for hundreds of years, linked to China by history, language, trade, a common border and in a myriad of other ways. From the mid-1950s until the early 1970s, thousands of Vietnamese students and officials studied in the People's Republic of China. Today the People's Republic remains Vietnam's key strategic threat. But the PRC, Taiwan, Hong Kong and overseas Chinese communities are also among Vietnam's key trade partners and a growing source of investment for its economic reforms.Given this close relationship – including the direct hostility in the late 1970s and early to mid–1980s, one of a series of conflicts going back hundreds of years – it is perhaps paradoxical that the study of China in Vietnam has remained relatively weak. During the war against the French which led to the founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and the victory at Dien Bien Phu, Vietnamese sinology was a field largely limited to one or two universities and institutes in Hanoi and some additional capacity in Hue and Saigon, with scholars trained in either the older Vietnamese or French tradition. The thousands of Vietnamese who studied in China in the 1950s and 1960s were trained largely for other fields, although Chinese studies did see some development during the 1949 to 1966 period.

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Estes, Donald H., and Toshio Whelchel. "From Pearl Harbor to Saigon: Japanese American Soldiers and the Vietnam War." Journal of American History 87, no. 3 (December 2000): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675424.

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Dar, Ku Boon. "USAHA-USAHA CHINA MENYEKAT PENJAJAHAN PERANCIS DI VIETNAM PASCA PERJANJIAN SAIGON 1874." SEJARAH 20, no. 20 (December 20, 2012): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol20no20.2.

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Tran, Tien Nam. "Diplomacy of the Republic of Vietnam under Ngo Dinh Diem’s regime (1955-1963)." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.957.

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The Republic of Vietnam was officially founded in 1955 under the absolute leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem. In the period from 1955 to 1963, the foreign policy of the Republic of Vietnam focused mainly on anti-Communist mission as a pioneering country in anti- Communist coalition of the U.S support behind. During its deployment, the Ngo Dinh Diem government initially attained certain achievements in diplomatic activities, building relationships with many countries in the Capitalist Bloc, establishing an anti-Communist network under U.S leadership. In general, the Diem government’s diplomacy was only the implement of the U.S foreign policy which has been established for the new U.S colonial government in the South of Vietnam. Starting in 1960, the Ngo Dinh Diem government was against the direction of the U.S that led to the U.S decision of willingness to accept the coup of the Saigon Military Forces (Republic of Vietnam Military Forces) that overthrew Ngo Dinh Diem (11/01/1963).

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POWELL, IRENA. "Japanese Writer in Vietnam: The Two Wars of Kaiko Ken (1931-89)." Modern Asian Studies 32, no. 1 (February 1998): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x98002741.

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Our image and knowledge of the Vietnam war come predominantly from American sources, which all stress the unusual character of that war. From the despatch of the first combat units to Vietnam in 1960 to the fall of Saigon and the takeover by the North Vietnamese in 1975, it was America's longest war. American literature from Vietnam depicts the war as being waged not only against the enemy (particularly as it was often difficult to determine who and where the enemy was) but also against the elements — heat, rain, jungle, mosquitoes, leeches, dust and mud. The moral confusion surrounding this war and the disillusionment among the soldiers are well documented and portrayed in numerous films and stories. In examining, therefore, Japanese writing on the Vietnam war, it seemed sensible to concentrate on those aspects which were different, not only in order not to repeat the obvious, but also in the hope of bringing into focus the different perspective on the conflict which this writing offers.

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Babel, Sandhya, Anh Tuan Ta, Thi Phuong Loan Nguyen, Emenda Sembiring, Tjandra Setiadi, and Alice Sharp. "Microplastics pollution in selected rivers from Southeast Asia." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (March 9, 2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1741.

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Microplastics have been found in all hemispheres of the world. However, studies on microplastics are mainly conducted in Europe, North America, and East Asia. Few studies are reported in the Southeast Asian region, where a large number of plastic waste is disposed of improperly into the water. This study investigated the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the surface water of the Chao Phraya River (Thailand), Citarum River (Indonesia), and Saigon River (Vietnam). Samples were collected at urban and estuary zones of these rivers. The numbers of microplastics at the urban zones were 80±60, 12±6, and 68±20 items/m3 at the Chao Phraya, Citarum, and Saigon River, respectively. At the estuary zones, the numbers of microplastics were 48±8, 0±0 (0.08±0), and 42±5 items/m3 at the Chao Phraya, Citarum, and Saigon River, respectively. Microplastics with morphologies of fragments and fibres were mainly found in the rivers. Polypropylene and polyethylene particles were the most abundant in all collected samples. Since the selected rivers play important roles in water supply and aquaculture activities, the presence of microplastics in these rivers may negatively impact aquaculture and human health. Potential plastic management strategies to minimize microplastic problems in the selected rivers were also proposed in this study.

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Marling, Karal Ann, and John Wetenhall. "The Sexual Politics of Memory: The Vietnam Women's Memorial Project and “The Wall”." Prospects 14 (October 1989): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005780.

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During the 1988 season, there was nothing unusual about seeing the Vietnam War on television. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Vietnam had appeared during the dinner hour, for the most part, in ninety-second spots showing green foliage and red dust whipped into a vivid frenzy for the camera by the blades of helicopters. But in the waning 1980s, a generation after the fall of Saigon, Vietnam moved into prime time. With vintage rock blaring on the sound track, major stars began to “hump the boonies” in picturesque jungle fatigues. Magnum P.I., aiming for a more serious dramatic tone in its final seasons, afflicted the titular hero with flashbacks to his POW days. On a nearby Hawaiian set, CBS's Tour of Duty patrol (led by Terence Knox, late of St. Elsewhere, on another network) simulated the look of news footage, circa 1968.

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Vasiliev, A. M. "War and negotiations. How Vietnam defeated the American Colossus." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-41-67.

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Over the course of the prolonged US war in Vietnam, the bloodiest one after World War II, it became obvious that there was no alternative to a negotiation process. Important reasons were the impossibility for Washington to win the battlefield and the rise of anti-war sentiment in the United States. The author tried to show how certain psychological characteristics of US leaders led to the war and then eventually to negotiations. When started negotiations were accompanied by military action. The course of the war and negotiations was influenced by Soviet military assistance to the DRV, as well as by relations in the triangle of the USSR - USA - China. The time of detente between the USSR and the USA coincided with war in Vietnam, which influenced the behavior of the Soviet leaders, as evidenced by the recollections of the USSR ambassador to the United States A. Dobrynin.The Politburo of the Central Committee had disagreements regarding Vietnam and detente with the United States. But the war weakened US international stance and contributed to the achievement of strategic agreements with the USSR.The main objectives of the DRV in the negotiations were to stop US bombings and then withdrawal of US troops. The United States sought to maintain the Saigon puppet regime for some time after the withdrawal of its troops from South Vietnam. Washington’s main goal was to “save its face”, declaring defeat a “victory”. To achieve this goal the war and negotiations dragged on for years, and on the eve of the signing of the agreements, the most fierce bombing of the DRV was carried out.Thanks to the powerful air defense created with the help of the USSR, the DRV won the “air Dien Bien Fu”.The United States was forced to sign a peace agreement, which provided for the complete cessation of all US military operations in Vietnam, the withdrawal of all American troops, but left the North Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam together with the armed forces of the National Liberation Front along with the decaying and doomed to death Saigon regime. In 1975 its army was defeated the regime capitulated, which ensured the subsequent reunification of South and North Vietnam.The Vietnamese people defeated the American colossus, having suffered terrible sacrifices themselves, but achieved the national goal - the withdrawal of the Americans and the unification of the country. The full support of Vietnam can be seen as a successes story of Soviet foreign policy.

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THINH, Nguyen Vu Duc, Le Quoc TUAN, Ngo Vy THAO, and Nguyen Nhat Huynh MAI. "USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS WATER QUALITY OF THE SAIGON RIVER, VIETNAM." Journal of Environmental Science for Sustainable Society 11, Supplement (2022): PP01_p1—PP01_p4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3107/jesss.11.pp01.

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Minh Hung, Ngo. "Transformation of built cultural heritage in old Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 949 (November 11, 2020): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/949/1/012052.

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Thach, Nguyen Ngoc, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Le Ngoc Nuong. "Solutions for Enhancing Risk Management Mechanism of Vietnam Bank System - Case of Listed Banks." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1669.

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This study uses weekly data from listed banks system on Vietnam stock exchange into 2 groups: group 1: previous Private banks (including Saigon Hanoi Bank-SHB, Eximbank-EIB, Navibank-NVB, Sacombank-STB and Asia Commercial Bank-ACB), and group 2: Previous SOEs banks (including Vietcombank-VCB and Vietinbank-CTG). We called the period 2011-2015 as pre- low (L) inflation period. After global crisis 2008-2009, Banks in Vietnam both enhance risk management mechanisms and contribute to community activities over years. This study mainly use combination of quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods. The research findings tell us that mean of beta CAPM values in group 2 is (<) lower than 1. While that of beta in group 1 is higher than 1 (in case of EIB, NVB and SHB). Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing risk management system of Vietnam banks in future and give out directions or implications for banking policies.

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Ngọc, Nguyễn Quang. "HA NOI – HUE – SAI GON IN TERRITORY EXPANSION TOWARD THE SOUTH AND UNIFICATION OF THE COUNTRY (1069–1802)." Hue University Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities 129, no. 6E (October 27, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v129i6e.6058.

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Vietnam is a country of an early history establishment with three archaeological centres: Dong Son in the North, Sa Huynh in the Central, and Oc Eo in the South. In the long history, these three centres unite and gather into a unified block, step by step, becoming a mainstream development trend. By the eleventh century, Thang Long capital (Hanoi) is a typical representative, the starting point for the course of advancement to the South of the Vietnamese. Later, Phu Xuan (Hue) from the fourteenth century and Gia Dinh (Saigon) from the seventeenth century directly multiply resources, deciding the success of the course of territory expansion and determining the southern territory of the nation Dai Viet – Vietnam in the middle of the eighteenth century. The Tay Son movement at the end of the eighteenth century starts unifying the country, but the course is not completed with numerous limitations. The mission of unifying the whole country is assigned back to Nguyen Anh. Nguyen Anh continually builds Gia Dinh into a firm basement for proceeding to conquer the imperial capital of Hue and the citadel Thang Long, completing the 733-year journey to expand the southern territory (1069–1802) and unifying the whole country into a single unit. Hanoi – Hue – Saigon in the relationship and mutual support has become the three pillars that determine all successes throughout the long history and in each stage of expansion and shaping of territory and unification of the country.

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Trung, Nguyen Dinh, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Nguyen Thu Thuy, and Nguyen Thi Tuyen Ngon. "Applying Mathematics in Estimating Weighted Beta CAPM for Vietnam Banking Industry and Building Better Risk Management Information System (RMIS)." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1660.

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Risk management information system (RMIS) is becoming an important element in MIS system of banking sector in Vietnam in recent years and in future. We can use mathematics formulas applied in risk model to strengthen RMIS for banks. Nowadays, mathematics functions expressed high roles in economics and finance fields. Under effects from Covid 19 and industry 4.0, Vietnam banks realie need to enhance risk management and corporate governance system with RMIS channels to deliver proper risk information to clients and investors to attract more capitals via enhancing financial accounting data transparency. This study mainly use combination of quantitative methods including mathematics applied to calculate weighted beta CAPM, a common systemic risk measurement, and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods. And it emphasizes again sustainable modern bank management, using 5 bank cases: Eximbank (EIB) and Saigon Hanoi Bank (SHB), Asia Commercial Bank (ACB), Sacombank (STB) and Saigon Hanoi bank (SHB), 5 big listed banks in our country. Research results show us that risk model in banks can be done via some steps. First, calculating weighted beta CAPM or systemic risk via support of mathematics formula applied from market value and beta values of banks. Second, we run OLS regression for weighted beta and found out: for external impacts, exchange rate has negative correlation with weighted beta and for internal effects, CPI and R (lending rate) have negative relationship with weighted beta, so that policy makers can adjust policies to manage risks. Besides, this study also give out recommendations for enhancing management information system (MIS) for upgrading roles of banks in Vietnam economic development. Then, we can suggest suitable plans for sustainable management strategies. Our research limitation is within bank sector, then we can expand for other industries and markets as well.

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Espiritu, Yen Le. "About Ghost Stories: The Vietnam War and “Rememoration”." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1700–1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1700.

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In her book Ghostly matters: Haunting and the sociological imagination, avery gordon writes that “to study social life one must confront the ghostly aspects of it”—the experiential realities of social and political life that have been systematically hidden or erased. To confront the ghostly aspects of social life is to tell ghost stories: to pay attention to what modern history has rendered ghostly and to write into being the seething presence of the things that appear to be not there (Gordon 7–8). By most accounts, Vietnam was the site of one of the most brutal and destructive of the wars between Western imperial powers and the people of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Yet public discussions and commemorations of the Vietnam War in the United States often skip over this devastating history, thereby ignoring the war's costs borne by the Vietnamese—the lifelong costs that turn the 1975 “fall of Saigon” and the exodus from Vietnam into “the endings that are not over” (Gordon 195). Without creating an opening for a Vietnamese perspective of the war, these public deliberations refuse to remember Vietnam as a historical site, Vietnamese people as genuine subjects, and the Vietnam War as having any kind of integrity of its own (Desser).

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Guillemot, François. "Autopsy of a Massacre On a Political Purge in the Early Days of the Indochina War (Nam Bo 1947)." European Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (2010): 225–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805810x548757.

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AbstractThis paper examines the history of an unknown “mass murder” perpetrated in 1947 in Southern Vietnam by the Viet Minh forces. It was organized in the outskirts of Saigon, mainly against Cao Dai and Hoa Hao religious forces that were portrayed as “reactionary” during their political revolutionary trials. Before presenting and analyzing the data of nearly 900 victims, the paper briefly presents the social, political and military conquest and context of French Cochinchina, as well as explains the political and military ambitions of the Viet Minh forces after the advent of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi on September 2, 1945. The focal point of this article is the review of the data related to the massacre and its uses, i.e.what they can reveal about the course of the massacre, its actors and victims. Finally, the paper's last section assesses the official historiography of the massacre, which has been recognized by the current regime in a 'soft' mea culpa. In conclusion, this article discusses the issue of violence in Southern Vietnam and its consequences for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a more long term perspective.

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Schwarzer, Klaus, Nguyen Cong Thanh, and Klaus Ricklefs. "Sediment re-deposition in the mangrove environment of Can Gio, Saigon River estuary (Vietnam)." Journal of Coastal Research 75, sp1 (March 3, 2016): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si75-028.1.

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P.T., Luu,, and Duc, N.T. "Using benthic diatoms as bio-indicators of water quality of the Saigon River, Vietnam." Can Tho University Journal of Science 54(2) (2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2018.014.

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Priest, Andrew. "From Saigon to Baghdad: The Vietnam Syndrome, the Iraq War and American Foreign Policy." Intelligence and National Security 24, no. 1 (February 2009): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684520902757018.

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Stur, Heather Marie. "Daniel S. Lucks. Selma to Saigon: The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War." American Historical Review 120, no. 3 (June 2015): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.3.1071.

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Tran, Ben. "The Literary Dubbing of Confession." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 2 (March 2018): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.2.413.

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Although the united states lost the vietnam war on the battlefield, it won the war on two long-term fronts: economic ideology and cultural memory. A mere eleven years after the fall of Saigon in 1975, the Vietnamese government officially transitioned from a ration economy to a market-socialist one. This perestroika resulted in capitalist development, more akin to what the United States had propagated when it entered the war to prevent the cascading growth of communism throughout Asia. The United States also triumphed in terms of memory, dominating narratives of the war through the global influence of its culture industries.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Saigon (vietnam)'

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