Academic literature on the topic 'Sailing race'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sailing race"
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Ekström, David, Max Forkman, Martin Fagerström, Adam Persson, Lars Larsson, and Christian Finnsgård. "Optimization of the Internal Structure and Shape of a 470 Dinghy Centerboard." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049036.
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The purpose of this paper is to design an improved centerboard for the Olympic 470 sailing dinghy sailing upwind. The design is improved by introducing a composite design that makes the centerboard twist to windward when sailing upwind, thereby reducing the angle of attack of the hull. The results show that a beneficial twist up to 1.5° is possible to achieve without compromising the centerboard strength. According to our estimates, by utilizing the improved design it is possible to obtain a gain of up to 9 s per race in a world cup race.
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Jin, Yong-quan. "The Importance of Sailing Teaching in the Sailing Simulation Training Classroom-Taking the Sailing Course in Qingdao University of Science and Technology as an Example." Asian Social Science 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n12p232.
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With the successful hosting of the 2008 Qingdao Olympic sailing regatta and the settlement of large and well-known events such as the Clipper Global Sailing Race in China, the Chinese sailing has been developing rapidly. At the same time, Chinese college students sailing has developed rapidly in recent years. The China University Student Sailing Championship in 2017 attracted participation from more than 20 universities, including Xiamen University and Tsinghua University. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, as the first university participating in sailing in China, has the only sailing simulation training classroom in China. Their sailing course is carried out smoothly and regularly and the course has been incorporated into the school’s teaching system, with professional syllabus design. For the past few years, the Qingdao University of Science and Technology Sailing Team has actively participated in domestic and international sailing events and achieved excellent results. The role of sailing simulation training classroom in teaching is particularly prominent, and after completing the basic knowledge of sailing and the simulated operation, students can go for the water exercise with half the effort. This paper researches on the importance of sailing simulation training classroom to the primary sailing teaching.
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Illingworth, J. H. "Navigation and Strategy in Ocean Racing." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 3 (September 1997): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300019007.
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This paper was originally published in Vol. 34 of the Journal (p. 286). In its reprinted form, it has been reduced in length by Robin Payne. It is followed by comments from Stuart Quarrie.Captain Illingworth's paper was read to an Ordinary Meeting of the Institute held at the Royal Geographical Society on 17 March 1950. Introducing the speaker, the chairman, Captain G. C. Saul, said that Captain Illingworth's name was familiar to anyone who had had any connection with ocean racing, and to most people who were interested in sailing. He was Commodore of the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) and of the Royal Naval Sailing Association, and was a member of the Council of the Yacht Racing Association.He had had many years' experience of long distance racing and had won his first championship in 1929. In 194; he had won the Sydney—Hobart race in Rani and in 1947 won the Fastnet and the Channel Race in Myth of Malham (Fig. 1). In 1948 he took part in the Bermuda race in Myth of Malham and then sailed back across the Atlantic to compete in the Santander and Belle He races. In the latter race he beat the whole ocean racing fleet boat for boat. In 1949 he again won the Fastnet Cup and also won the points championship over the whole season.
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Turner, Kenneth J., and Mark A. Jennings. "The Rules of Sailing Races for Hand-Held Devices." Journal of Navigation 55, no. 2 (May 2002): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463302001765.
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The motivation for this paper was to provide computer support on the rules for sailing races. A brief overview is given of sailing terminology and racing rules. It is argued that a useful program for the racing rules should run on hand-held devices. The program should support an archive of rule scenarios, race training, self-learning of the rules, and analysis of rule disputes. SailRule is a freely available program intended to analyse and improve performance in applying the racing rules. The SailRule program has been implemented using the SuperWaba programming environment for hand-held devices. The user interface is described for the rules program. An explanation is given of the principles behind formalising and codifying the racing rules so that they can be efficiently implemented. Examples are given of how the program represents and analyses rule scenarios.
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Fogelholm, G. M., and P. K. Lahtinen. "Nutritional evaluation of a sailing crew during a transatlantic race." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2007): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00278.x.
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Matulja, Tin, and Marko Hadjina. "Expert Approach Methodology as Basis for Sailing Boat Outfitting Improvement – Case Study." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2, Special edition 2 (April 2018): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018-00.155.
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The market conditions demanded the adaptation of exclusively touristic sailing yachts to specific race requirements. The hydrodynamic aspects of this problem have been successfully solved using modern tools for CFD analysis. But, the practical aspects of outfitting such vessels to meet the highest tourist requirements while respecting specific racing requirements for deck equipment required a different methodological approach. In fulfilling these requirements, the author indirectly participates in multi-year cooperation with the prominent European manufacturer of sailboats. For the purpose of cooperation, a special methodology was developed for the improvement of the equipment of the defined sailing boat in four stages. In the first stage, an analysis of the impact of sailing equipment and deck configuration of the existing B40S model on sailing performance is suggested using RaceQs computing application and expert approaches for different sea and wind conditions. In the second stage, the analysis of the collected data is carried out by expert approach towards guidelines for improvement. The third stage impacts on redesigning the existing model by implementing the obtained results. In the fourth stage, the effects on the upgraded new B41S model are analyzed repeating the first stage. The methodology is iterative and converges to the optimal solution for the defined criteria.
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Fearnley, Deborah, Louise Sutton, John O’Hara, Amy Brightmore, Roderick King, and Carlton Cooke. "Case Study of a Female Ocean Racer: Prerace Preparation and Nutritional Intake During the Vendée Globe 2008." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.3.212.
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The Vendée Globe is a solo round-the-world sailing race without stopovers or assistance, a physically demanding challenge for which appropriate nutrition should maintain energy balance and ensure optimum performance. This is an account of prerace nutritional preparation with a professional and experienced female racer and assessment of daily nutritional intake (NI) during the race using a multimethod approach. A daily energy intake (EI) of 15.1 MJ/day was recommended for the race and negotiated down by the racer to 12.7 MJ/day, with carbohydrate and fluid intake goals of 480 g/day and 3,020 ml/day, respectively. Throughout the 99-day voyage, daily NI was recorded using electronic food diaries and inventories piloted during training races. NI was assessed and a postrace interview and questionnaire were used to evaluate the intervention. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed pre- (37 days) and postrace (11 days) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body mass was measured before the racer stepped on the yacht and immediately postrace. Mean EI was 9.2 MJ/day (2.4–14.3 MJ/day), representing a negative energy balance of 3.5 MJ/day under the negotiated EI goal, evidenced by a 7.9-kg loss of body mass (FM –7.5 kg, FFM –0.4 kg) during the voyage, with consequent underconsumption of carbohydrate by ~130 g/day. According to the postrace yacht food inventory, self-reported EI was underreported by 7%. This intervention demonstrates the practicality of the NI approach and assessment, but the racer’s nutrition strategy can be further improved to facilitate meeting more optimal NI goals for performance and health. It also shows that evaluation of NI is possible in this environment over prolonged periods, which can provide important information for optimizing nutritional strategies for ocean racing.
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Tanhua, Toste, Sören B. Gutekunst, and Arne Biastoch. "A near-synoptic survey of ocean microplastic concentration along an around-the-world sailing race." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): e0243203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243203.
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Litter and plastic pollution in the marine environment is of major concern when considering the health of ocean ecosystems, and have become an important focus of ocean research during recent years. There is still significant uncertainty surrounding the distribution and impact of marine plastic litter on ocean ecosystems, and in particular on the nano- and microplastic fractions that are difficult to observe and may be harmful to marine organisms. Current estimates of ocean plastic concentrations only account for a small fraction of the approximated 8 million tons of plastic litter entering the oceans on an annual basis. Here, we present the distribution of 100–500 μm microplastic particles within the ocean mixed layer, covering a significant fraction of the ocean, in a near-synoptic survey. During The Ocean Race 2017/2018 edition (formerly known as Volvo Ocean Race), two yachts served as ships of opportunity that regularly took samples of microplastics on a regular schedule during their circumnavigation. This effort resulted in information on microplastic distribution along the race track in the ocean’s upper, well-mixed, layer. We found concentrations ranging from 0–349 particles per cubic meter, but with large spatial variability. There was a tendency toward higher concentrations off south-western Europe and in the southwest Pacific, and indications of long-range transport of microplastic with major ocean currents.
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Jones, Andrew, and Caroline Navarro. "Events and the blue economy." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 9, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-09-2017-0055.
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Purpose The Rolex Middlesea sailing event takes place in Malta on an annual basis. The race forms part of a number of new tourism initiatives supported by the Maltese Government. These aim to diversify the Maltese tourism economy from reliance on mass tourism to more niche or specialist forms based, for example, upon the “Blue Economy”. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact and future of sailing events using the Rolex Middlesea sailing event as a specific case. In turn it evaluates current and future contributions to both the Maltese tourist economy and broader experiences and lessons of such events for other regional destinations. Consideration is given to the overall impact of the Rolex race for Maltese tourism; how the event can be improved to enhance its contribution to Maltese tourism; and what challenges the event faces in promoting Malta as an “alternative” tourism destination. Conclusions assess the benefits and barriers for developing maritime events and for sailing and yachting sectors as an alternative tourism option for Malta. In turn, it provides a specific and unique case that reviews implications for such events and, at a broader policy context, lessons for developing niche event markets for tourism destinations generally. Design/methodology/approach This research focusses upon an inductive approach using qualitative and case study research methodologies. Secondary data for events management, sports tourism sailing and yachting and niche market development provide a contextual framework. Primary research is used to collect qualitative data which are based on purposeful sample selection of interviews from professionals associated with Maltese maritime industries and key stakeholder groups. The data are analysed through discourse analysis techniques utilising grid matrices to evaluate and ascertain common themes and responses that occur from the discussions and questions asked. Findings Results point to lessons learnt and future policy directions for the Blue economy and sailing and yachting as drivers for change. Results show that the RMSR can clearly create opportunities for the establishment of new innovative tourism markets. In turn, it is also recognised that this can lead to a stronger sailing and yachting tourism industry not only within Malta but also help regenerate or sustain interest in maritime traditions and stimulate new opportunities for maritime tourism and broader opportunities for the growth of the “blue economy” agenda across the region and further afield. Research limitations/implications This single case study can be best described as an “exploratory” study. It deals with how an event is structured, functions and performs particularly within the different inter-organisational partnerships. In this context, the research deals with the case study of a real-life event and therefore its academic value may tend to be rather specific and industry focussed. The empirical value of the enquiry, nonetheless, can provide a platform to draw more general assertions regarding the hosting of sailing and yachting events and consequences more broadly for events management theory and practice. Practical implications Evidence from the research also suggests that sailing and yachting has the capability of lending itself to many different areas of investment and new business development opportunities such as overwintering for yachts and corporate business event sponsorships linked to a growing MICE market. The need to engage with local communities at a local level is also recognised as a potential for building recognition and skill capacity. This, in turn, can assist local host communities to familiarise themselves with the discipline of sailing as a life skill simultaneously strengthening and encouraging maritime tradition and opening opportunities for social development, business and employment growth. Social implications The RMSR demonstrates that such an event can assist local host communities to familiarise themselves with the discipline of sailing as a life skill simultaneously strengthening and encouraging maritime tradition and opening opportunities for social development, business and employment growth. The growth potential of the RMSR is thus broad and, in many ways, may continue to assist Malta in diversifying its traditional tourism markets, capitalising assets, developing opportunity for its local communities, encouraging business opportunity and assisting in developing a higher quality tourism focus for the Islands. Originality/value Detailed and insightful research on sailing and yachting in Malta remains fairly limited and there is little hard evidence to prove the value of such events since there is little available data on differential spending patterns and little cost/benefit analysis undertaken. The RMSR case provide unique research which sets out to explore the role of the RMSR to Malta’s tourism product, identify and evaluate factors for success, evaluate key contemporary issues and challenges in hosting the event, evaluate the future potential of such events for Malta’s tourism economy and draw broader benefits and lessons for hosting events of this nature.
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Lin, Shijie, Yong Ma, Weitao Zheng, and Zhengye Pan. "Numerical Simulation of Mutual Influence in 470 Sailing Hull and Rudder at Different Hull Speeds." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049134.
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A 470 sailing race requires effective cooperation between athletes to optimize the hull position and the correct heading. To understand the effect of the hull on the maneuverability of the rudder and the influence of the rudder on the stability and rapidity of the hull at different ship speeds, requires numerical 3D simulation and research on the viscous flow field of 470 sailing based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The results show that the rudder can reduce the wave making characteristics of the hull, reducing energy loss and thus improving the hull’s rapidity when the speed is greater than 6 m/s, as the effective area of rudder decrease and increases the stall angle, which reduces the manipulatable performance of the rudder to some extent. This study could quantify the performance of the hull and rudder at different speeds. Moreover, this study might provide strategies for the athletes to effectively control the rudder and hull at different speeds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sailing race"
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Guthrie, Colin C. "Life at the Extreme: An investigation into the experiences of professional sailors competing in a fully crewed around the world race." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/578.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Participants were 15 professional sailors, ranging in age from 23-49 years (M age = 35.9 years; SD = 7.4), who competed in the 2005/06 VOR. After receiving approval from the Temple University Institutional Review Board, the researcher recruited participants who were subsequently required to provide informed consent to participate in the study. Using a semi-structured interview format, face-to-face interviews were completed with three sailors in Miami, FL, and with nine sailors in Valencia, Spain (three interviews with individual participants, one interview with two participants, and a focus group with four participants). Three interviews were completed via telephone. All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Each transcript was then analysed through an inductive open coding process. Data analysis revealed nine major themes (Background, Skiffs on Steroids, Boat Breakdowns, Managing Self, Pressure, Tragedy, Extreme, Team, and Reflecting) with associated subthemes, and three dimensions (Resonance, Edgework, and Performance Capacities) with associated subdimensions. A framework for understanding the experiences of the sailors was conceived in the form of a model depicting the dimensions of resonance (a passion for adventure and the VOR in particular), edgework (a desire and ability to perform in high-risk, life threatening situations), and performance capacities (team, individual, and boat). The model suggests an interplay between the dimensions of edgework and resonance, against which is set the performance dimension. This study is the first to take a glimpse inside the experiences of professional ocean racing sailors who compete in fully crewed around-the-world races. Findings confirm the widely held belief that the VOR is an extreme and unique event in the world of sport.
Temple University--Theses
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Mendíková, Tereza. "Závodní jachting tělesně postižených na lodní třídě 2,4 mR." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325091.
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Title: Racing of physically disabled sailors on 2,4 mR class Object of the work: Compare control of a ship by two physically disabled individuals who are able to perform circuit racing sailing on 2.4mRclass. Methods: Case study of sailing of physically disabled on ship 2.4mR class. Results: The results show that sailing of physically disabled is much more demanding sport than other sports for the disabled. Further, they show what individual handicaps complications bring and subsequent overcoming of these obstacles. Finally, these results may help to improve conditions in various clubs, to build wheelchair access, technical solutions of boats or in general the expansion of this sport for the disabled. Keywords: handicap, sailing, technique, training, race, analysis
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Lambl, David. "Fyziologická odezva závodníků lodní třídy Fireball při modelovém závodu v okruhovém jachtingu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307005.
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Title: Physiological response of competitors Fireball dinghy class in the model sailing race. Objectives: The main intention of the thesis is to detect the physical demands (difficulties) of sailing boat race categorized as Fireball double crew. The variables of physiological response to the load of competitors recorded are being measured using simulated race under laboratory conditions. At that point, this opportunity enabled us to carry out further comparisons and examine the physical demands of individual post at various directions of wind. Methods: The entire investigation of detecting physiological functions of competitors will be carried out noninvasively throughout the simulation of sailing using metabolic analyser tool and sport tester. From the feedback, we will obtained figures and originate the physiological response of human body to the load. Due to the investigation is being implemented on the double crew boat Fireball; both competitors (crew/helmsman) performing different tasks will be simulated and examined individually. Simulated race will last 24 minutes and competitors will have to face different wind courses, precisely cruising upwind, crosswind and tailwind. Results: From the measured results, we can state that most of the time during simulated race, the performance of racers...
Books on the topic "Sailing race"
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Kelley, Rosemary Sue. Seavy Seagull and the Friendship Sloop race. Friendship, Me. (Box 505, School St., Friendship 04547): R.S. Kelley, 1985.
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1975-, Soyer Orkun, Atmaca Sezar, and Amatör Denizcilik Federasyonu, eds. Laser ve Ötesi: Genç Yelkencinin El Kitabı. İstanbul: Amatör Denizcilik Federasyonu, 2011.
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Kersauson, Olivier de. The sea never changes: My single-handed trimaran race around the world. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Sheridan House, 1992.
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Molinari, Fulvio. Barcolana: Racconti di mare. Trieste: Società velica di Barcola e Grignano, 2003.
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Molinari, Fulvio. Barcolana: Racconti di mare. Trieste: Società velica di Barcola e Grignano, 2003.
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Willis, Bryan. Match racing: The tactics and rules of match race sailing for competitors, umpires, judges, and race committees. London: Adlard Coles Nautical, 1993.
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McCarthy, John. Island race: An improbable voyage round the coast of Britain. London: BBC Books, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sailing race"
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Hayes, Nicholas. "What the Race to Mackinac Means." In Sailing - Philosophy for Everyone, 81–95. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336465.ch8.
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Macdonald, Craig, Ciaran McCreesh, Alice Miller, and Patrick Prosser. "Constructing Sailing Match Race Schedules: Round-Robin Pairing Lists." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 671–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23219-5_46.
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Belaouer, Lamia, Mathieu Boussard, Patrick Bot, and Christophe Claramunt. "A Non-cooperative Game Approach for the Dynamic Modeling of a Sailing Match Race." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 197–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60952-8_20.
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Sushandoyo, Dedy, Thomas Magnusson, and Christian Berggren. "‘Sailing Ship Effects’ in the Global Automotive Industry? Competition Between ‘New’ and ‘Old’ Technologies in the Race for Sustainable Solutions." In The Greening of the Automotive Industry, 103–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137018908_7.
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Fiore, Teresa. "Overlapping Mediterranean Routes in Marra’s Sailing Home, Ragusa’s The Skin Between Us, and Tekle’s Libera." In Pre-Occupied Spaces. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823274321.003.0004.
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In adopting a more overt emigration-immigration parallel, this chapter connects cultural texts focusing on the Mediterranean Sea, and in particular the Channel of Sicily for its bridging and dividing function between the European and the African continents. In the cultural melting pot of the Mediterranean basin, this chapter identifies less a place of fluid encounters and exchanges than one of tensions, struggled-for opportunities, and even mortal dangers. The blurring of emigrant and immigrant desires and failures in Vincenzo Marra’s 2001 film Tornando a casa (Sailing Home), the coexistence of painful legacies of emigration and slavery in Kym Ragusa’s 2006 memoir The Skin Between Us: A Memoir of Race, Beauty and Belonging, and the survival-driven urge to flee Northern Africa for the post-colonial subject in Feven Abreha Tekle’s 2005 as-told-to self-narrative Libera are all staged, either partially or fully, in a Mediterranean that functions as a pre-occupied space. Occupied by previous stories of demographic and cultural movements, this sea now hosts new concerns over economic stability, human rights protection, and racial tolerance, as well as new possibilities. Geographer Edward Soja’s concept of “Thirdspace,” developed off of Henri Lefebvre’s space trialectics, is adopted to recognize the transformative power of international waters over national identities.
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Melville, Herman. "The Pequod Meets the Rose-Bud." In Moby Dick. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199535729.003.0094.
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‘In vain it was to rake for Ambergriese in the paunch of this Leviathan, insufferable fetor denying that inquiry.’ It was a week or two after the last whaling scene recounted, and when we were slowly sailing over...
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Chakrabarti, Rajesh, and Kaushiki Sanyal. "Accelerated Change." In Shaping Policy in India, 193–220. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475537.003.0008.
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This chapter captures the almost feverish events leading up to the Criminal Laws (amendment) Act 2013. It starts with the tragic rape of 16 December 2012, and describes the way a local student-led protest rapidly snowballed into a headline-grabbing movement. It attempts to piece together how the word and the passion spread like wildfire throughout the capital, largely through social media. Within days the government announced several women’s safety measures in the capital and constituted a 3-member committee to look into changing the law. The chapter then summarizes the anti-rape movement in India over the years to provide the background for the tumultuous public outburst, as well as the evolution of the law before resuming the narrative on the working of the Verma committee and the speedy sailing of the legislation through parliament. The movement fits primarily the punctuated equilibrium driven by a ‘trigger’ event.
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Eimeleus, K. B. E. E. "A Chronicle of Ski Competitions." In Skis in the Art of War, translated by William D. Frank and E. John B. Allen, 84–87. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747403.003.0023.
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This chapter considers ski results achieved over a variety of terrain and under various conditions. It is the rare person who develops into a good skier without engaging in the sport since childhood, because only through extensive practice can one gain sufficient limb and muscle strength for the essentials of skiing. Furthermore it is difficult to compare results across different locations, because variations in trails, weather, place, time of year, time of day, and many other less important considerations can lead to discrepancies of several minutes. Therefore, when a question arises about minutes and seconds, paying attention to all of the circumstances is necessary in order to make a reasoned evaluation. In this context, the chapter takes a look at every type of ski practice: ski sailing, Indian skis, ski-running behind a horse, mountain descents, and ski runs over distance both for speed and endurance.
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Schimmel, Annemarie. "1993." In The Life of Learning. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083392.003.0014.
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Once upon a time there lived a little girl in Erfurt, a beautiful town in central Germany—a town that boasted a number of Gothic cathedrals and was a center of horticulture. The great medieval mystic Meister Eckhart had preached there; Luther had taken his vow to become a monk there and spent years in the Augustine monastery in its walls; and Goethe had met Napoleon in Erfurt, for the town’s distance from the centers of classical German literature, Weimar and Jena, was only a few hours by horseback or coach. The little girl loved reading and drawing but hated outdoor activities. As she was the only child, born rather late in her parents’ lives, they surrounded her with measureless love and care. Her father, hailing from central Germany, not far from the Erzgebirge, was an employee in the post and telegraph service; her mother, however, had grown up in the north not far from the Dutch border, daughter of a family with a centuries-long tradition of seafaring. The father was mild and gentle, and his love of mystical literature from all religions complemented the religious bent of the mother, grown up in the rigid tradition of northern German protestantism, but also endowed with strong psychic faculties as is not rare in people living close to the unpredictable ocean. To spend the summer vacations in grandmother’s village was wonderful: the stories of relatives who had performed dangerous voyages around Cape Horn or to India, of grandfather losing his frail clipper near Rio Grande del Sul after more than a hundred days of sailing with precious goods—all these stories were in the air. Mother’s younger sister was later to weave them into a novel and to capture the life in the coastal area in numerous radio plays. Both parents loved poetry, and the father used to read aloud German and, later, French classical literature to us on Sunday afternoons.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Population Changes: Magnitude, Mobility, and Disease Transfer." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0016.
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The human population of the earth took the whole of its existence until 1800 to build to 1 billion. By 2000 it had exceeded 6 billion, more than doubling in the twentieth century alone. In 1800, the time taken to navigate the globe by sailing ship was about a year. Today, no two cities served by commercial aircraft are more than a couple of days apart. Since this is less than most disease incubation times, infected people can travel undetected—a concern noted from the early days of commercial air travel. Within developed countries, the rate of individual circulation (in terms of average distances travelled) has increased 1,000-fold in the last 200 years. While the processes of population growth and geographical churn have been at work for the whole of human history, it is in the last two centuries that the momentum of change has gathered increasing pace. As described in Section 2.1, McMichael (2004) recognizes four separate stages. (i) Early human settlements from c.5,000 to c.10,000 years ago enabled enzootic pathogens to enter Homo sapiens populations. Some of these encounters led to the emergence of many of today’s textbook infections: influenza, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, smallpox, measles, malaria, and many others. (ii) Eurasian military and commercial contacts c.1,500 to c.3,000 years ago with swapping of dominant infections between the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations. As described in Section 2.2, the plagues and pestilences of classical Greece and Rome date from this period. (iii) European exploration and imperialism from c.1500 with the transoceanic spread of often lethal infectious diseases. The impact on the Americas, on Australasia, and on remote island populations is well known; ships’ crews and passengers were the devastating vectors. (iv) The fourth great transition is today’s globalization, acting through demographic change and accelerating levels of contacts between the different parts of the world to facilitate disease emergence, re-emergence, and spatial transfer. Global warming, the destabilization of environments, the unparalleled movement of peoples rapidly across the globe through air transport, are all part of an evolving host–microbe relationship (cf. Section 1.3.1).
Conference papers on the topic "Sailing race"
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Tagliaferri, Francesca, and Ignazio Maria Viola. "Development of a Routing Software for Inshore Match Races." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-016.
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Yacht races are won by good sailors racing fast boats. A good skipper takes decisions at key moments of the race based on the anticipated wind behavior and on his position on the racing area and with respect to the competitors. His aim is generally to complete the race before all his opponents, or, when this is not possible, to perform better than some of them. In the past two decades some methods have been proposed to compute optimal strategies for a yacht race. Those strategies are aimed at minimizing the expected time needed to complete the race and are based on the assumption that the faster a yacht, the higher the number of races that it will win (and opponents that it will defeat). In a match race, however, only two yachts are competing. A skipper’s aim is therefore to complete the race before his opponent rather than completing the race in the shortest possible time. This means that being on average faster may not necessarily mean winning the majority of races. This papers present the development of software to compute a sailing strategy for a match race that can defeat an opponent who is following a fixed strategy that minimizes the expected time of completion of the race. The proposed method includes two novel aspects in the strategy computation: A short-term wind forecast, based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, is performed in real time during the race using the wind measurements collected on board. Depending on the relative position with respect to the opponent, decisions with different levels of risk aversion are computed. The risk attitude is modeled using Coherent Risk Measures. The software is tested in a number of simulated races. The results confirm that maximizing the probability of winning a match race does not necessarily correspond to minimizing the expected time needed to complete the race.
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Russell, Suzy, Gaspar Vanhollebeke, and Paolo Manganelli. "Insights from the Load Monitoring Program for the 2014-2015 Volvo Ocean Race." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-014.
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This paper describes insights into keel and rigging loads obtained through a data acquisition system fitted on the fleet of Volvo 65 yachts during the 2014-2015 Volvo Ocean Race. In the first part keel fin stress spectra are derived from traces of canting keel ram pressures and keel angle; these are reviewed and compared against equivalent spectra obtained by applying methods proposed by Det Norske Veritas - Germanischer Lloyd (“DNVGL”) guidelines and the ISO 12215 standard. The differences between stress spectra and their validity are discussed, considering two types of keel: milled from a monolithic cast of steel, and fabricated from welded metal sheets. The second part discusses predicted and actual rigging working loads for the Volvo 65 yachts, considering how safety factors vary between design loads proposed by DNVGL and actual recorded loads.
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Ranzenbach, Robert C., Per Andersson, and David Flynn. "A 1997-1998 Whitbread Sail Program- Lessons Learned." In SNAME 14th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1999-007.
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There are many factors critical to the success of a Whitbread Round The World Race™ campaign. One of the most significant is the design, construction, and selection of an individual leg inventory of offwind sails. As a result of the technical challenges to the experimental and computational analysis of offwind sails, shape development for this class of sails has historically relied upon empirical efforts. An added element for any advanced, state-of-the-art, sail development program is the extensive reliance upon wind tunnel results to guide sail shape improvement and leg inventory selection of offwind sails. Lessons regarding improved offwind sail shapes, construction techniques, use of exotic materials, and sail trim learned or reinforced during the 1997-98 Whitbread Round the World Race sail development program for Swedish Match, are described with particular emphasis placed on the role of wind tunnel testing.
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Cane, John W. "Scoring IMS Regattas - An Empirical Study of Alternative Methods." In SNAME 12th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1995-006.
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The International Measurement System (IMS) uses a computerized velocity prediction program (VPP) to calculate the performance of a measured hull and rig in winds from six to twenty knots, at any sailing angle. A regatta is scored by comparing a yacht's performance with predictions of the VPP. The winner is the yacht whose performance, relative to its VPP predictions, is the best, compared to all other yachts in its class or division. This paper discusses different methods of malcing the comparison and accounting for various factors in the race such as wind shifts and current on the course. Decisions made by race managers and/or developers of scoring programs can significantly impact results. Illustrative examples show the effects that these decisions can have. In 1994 the number of data points available for use in scoring yachts in custom courses doubled. Alternative ways of using these data are illustrated by application to a sample regatta.
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Ward, Britton, and Chris Cochran. "The Development of the New Volvo Class." In SNAME 21st Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2013-013.
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For the 2014-15 Volvo Ocean Race, the organizing authority made a dramatic shift in direction for the next two editions of the race opting to move to a smaller, less expensive yacht built to exceptionally strict one design standards. This paper outlines some of the motivations for this shift and details some of the critical features of the new Volvo Ocean 65 design and how they compare to solutions on the previous Volvo Open 70 yachts. Discussion of the logistical complexities involved in building the fleet of boats in the required time is also discussed. A review of the structural design is included to illustrate the efforts to improve construction efficiency, reduce cost and dramatically improve robustness of the yacht structures while minimizing the weight additions that result. Finally we review some of the extensive quality control procedures and manufacturing technology that has been employed in an effort to achieve a fleet of one design yachts that are as identical as possible.
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Court, Kenneth E., F. Michael Kaufman, and Harold M. Whitacre. "Imagine - An Open Class 60 BOC Racer -Design and Program Management - Lessons Learned." In SNAME 12th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1995-012.
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This paper describes the creation of the Open Class 60 (BOC 60) racing yacht "Imagine". She was conceived to win the 1994 BOC singlehanded round the world race, an ambitious goal since the French sailors have dominated the race since its inception. This paper will examine the design of this complex racing machine, and the management of the project. The project produced a boat that was capable of attaining the goal of winning, but when the project management office failed to adhere to the project plan, the project unravelled and collapsed. In a squall at sea, at night, off Cape May, New Jersey, "Imagine's" boom failed, the main sail was dropped, and in the resultant short steep seas, "Imagine" slammed badly, dishing plating at both ends of the vessel, causing two forward frames to trip, and resulting in other structural damage to forward deck longitudinals and in the cockpit. "Imagine's" hull remained watertight, and she returned to Norfolk under short sail. Upon arrival she was inspected, and the necessary repair steps were outlined. These were discussed the following day with the project office and the ABS inspector. Within days drawings were provided to the project office for repair and to ABS for review. At that point matters stalled, no repair was started and within two week-; the project office announced their intent to abandon the project. The project plan will be reviewed, the basis for the design will be discussed, the incident at sea which precipitated the project's disbanding will be examined, and an analysis of the resultant damage given. Lessons learned from the project will be discussed. The actual design of the boat was interesting and rewarding, but it was a small part of the goal of the project. The goal was not attained, and when the BOC race started from Charleston in September 94, "Imagine" remained at the dock, her outfit and development incomplete. This paper will attempt to evaluate the reasons why. Two central themes repeat: lack of funds; and lack of sea trials. In our opinion it was this lack of funds, that led the project office to eliminate carefully planned steps in "Imagine's" development, specifically the sea trials. This also lead them to attempt an offshore voyage from Norfolk, Virginia to Newport, Rhode Island in November 1993, prior to sea trials, with a known defective boom, and a jury rigged boom vang.
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Harris, Dougal, Giles Thomas, and Martin Renilson. "A Time-Domain Simulation for Predicting the Downwind Performance of Yachts in Waves." In SNAME 15th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2001-007.
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Yachts racing in many of today's high profile races, such as the America's Cup and the Volvo Ocean Race, spend much time sailing downwind in following seas. The development of a method for predicting the performance of yachts sailing downwind in waves would therefore provide a valuable design tool for racing yacht designers. This paper describes the development of a timedomain simulation for predicting the performance of yachts sailing in irregular seas for apparent wind angles between 90 and 180 degrees. The simulation output may be used to either directly compare different designs or augment existing polar plots for the effect of a following sea. The simulation is comprised of three main modules: the wave induced longitudinal force, the resistance force and the sail aerodynamic force. The resistance and wave force modules have been validated through semi-captive model experiments. Results from the complete simulation have been compared with those obtained from free running model experiments. Numerical experiments on a number of hull and rig configurations have been conducted using the simulation. Results are presented with conclusions being drawn on the effect of hull form and environmental conditions on downwind performance.
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Philpott, Andy, and Andrew Mason. "Optimising Yacht Routes Under Uncertainty." In SNAME 15th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2001-009.
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The planning of routes for sailing vessels is subject to uncertainty from the weather. This is particularly important in yacht racing where the accuracy of a weather prediction can determine the outcome of a race. With a perfect weather forecast it is possible to use the polar tables of a given yacht to compute a route that minimises its arrival time at its destination. Software that does this for racing yachts is now a standard part of most commercial instrumentation packages. With uncertain weather information the routing problem becomes more difficult. We review two models for optimising yacht routes under uncertainty about the weather. The first of these is suitable for short course racing. It treats the wind as a Markov process, and based on observations of the wind ditrection, it computes tacking and heading decisions at each point of the course so as to minimise the expected arrival time at the next mark. The second model, which is intended for ocean races, models the weather using ensemble forecasts rather than a Markov process. In both models it is possible to represent risk-averse and risk-seeking behaviour.
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MacLane, Duncan T. "The Cogito Project: Design and Development of an International C-Class Catamaran and Her Successful Challenge to Regain the Little America's Cup." In SNAME 13th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1997-009.
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In January 1996, Cogito, the U.S. challenger, defeated the Australian defender, Yellow Pages Edge, by the score of 4-0 in the twenty-second running of the International Catamaran Challenge Trophy. This brought the trophy better known as the Little America's Cup, back to the United States after an eleven year stay in Australia. The Cogito project was three years in length and encompassed the design/construction phase, initial sailing and tuning at her home the Bristol Yacht Club in Bristol, Rhode Island, and the final training and competition at the race venue, McCrae Yacht Club on Port Philip Bay south of Melbourne, Australia. This paper will cover all phases of the project from the design through the racing.
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Nolan, James P. "Sailboat Performance in a Current." In SNAME 10th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1991-008.
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Tidal and other surface currents may have a profound influence on the effective performance of a sailing vessel. This illustrated paper discusses in sailors' terms some situations of interest to racing sailors. Is it always advantageous to have a "fair current"? Under what circumstances is it a good thing to "lee bow" a tide? How can you improve your "velocity made good" in the presence of a current? What are your options in a current with no wind? What should Race committees know about currents and how might this knowledge influence judgement in setting a course? Might it be a good thing to tack downwind against a foul tide? How might a current affect the calculation of "target speeds" and "optimum VMG"? This paper covers these and other related circumstances in which calculation of current effects may affect decision making while under sail.