Academic literature on the topic 'Saint John's College, Agra'

The fifty-third annual RMMLA convention will be held 14–16 October 1999 at the Courtyard Marriott Hotel in Santa Fe. Santa Fe Community College and Saint John's College of Santa Fe are the local hosts. Susana Hernandez-Araico (California State Polytechnic Univ.) will speak at the Friday evening banquet on the topic Colonial and Indigenous Theater in Spain's American Viceroyalties. Michael Pavel (Washington State Univ.), a member of the Spokane Indian Nation, will discuss developing outreach to Native American youth. A reading by local writers Miriam Sagan and Arthur Sze will take place at the SFCC Planetarium. Also scheduled are presentations by TIAA-CREF and the Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program, panels on grant writing and scholarly publishing, a preconvention workshop on educational technology, and a raffle of local goods and services benefiting the RMMLA Grant and Scholarship Fund. The schedule of sessions and abstracts of papers can be found on the RMMLA.

Abstract Objectives To investigate sensory attributes of carbonated, flavored, and sweetened beverage consumption, and relationship to the hunger hormone, acylated ghrelin. Methods In a randomized single-blinded crossover design, males (n = 14) and females (n = 15); aged 23–65; BMI < 30 kg/m2; with no reported chronic disease consumed six different beverages (water, carbonated no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]) at separate time points. Participants were asked to consume a breakfast meal (approximately 400 kcals) and then fast for approximately 4 hours. Blood was collected via finger-stick at baseline; and 10 and 45 minutes after consumption of the beverage. ELISA was used to determine acylated ghrelin concentration. A 7-pt likert scale was used to determine acceptability of the treatment beverages. ANOVA and spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine differences in liking of sensory attributes between beverages and correlations between variables, respectively. Results The CNF, CL, and water beverages were well liked by participants with mean overall liking scores of greater than 5. The overall liking scores were not significantly different between these three beverages (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between CNF, CL, and water and the remaining 3 beverages – DL, CLS, and DLS. Degassed and sweetened beverages (DL, CLS, and DLS) were least liked with mean liking scores ranging from 3.69–4.28. There were no significant correlations (P > 0.05) found between change in acylated ghrelin concentration and overall liking or liking of beverage attributes. Conclusions Acceptability of sensory attributes, including carbonation, flavor, and sweetness, was not related to change in acylated ghrelin concentrations after the consumption of six different beverages. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Research/Development Grant.

Abstract Objectives The objective was to 1) determine if carbonation, flavor, and sweetness in beverages impact blood glucose response after consumption and 2) to determine if there is a relationship between fasting glucose concentrations, acylated ghrelin, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants (males n = 11, females n = 14) aged 23–65, BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease participated in a single-blinded randomized crossover design. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six different beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and then collected at 10 and 45 minutes post consumption into EDTA microtainers. A cholestec machine, ELISA assay, and glucometer were used to measure blood lipids, acylated ghrelin, and blood glucose concentrations, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in glucose response. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between variables. Results Blood glucose concentrations did not differ based on beverage, time, or an interaction between the two (P > 0.05). The average blood glucose concentration among beverage and time points was 96.68 + 7.76 mg/dL (mean ± SD). There was no correlation between fasting blood glucose (0 min), acylated ghrelin, or any blood lipid measurements (P > 0.05). There was a correlation between LDL and total cholesterol concentrations (r = .780, P = < 0.0001) and between HDL and LDL concentrations (r = –.417, P = 0.038). Conclusions HDL and LDL were negatively correlated and LDL and total cholesterol were positively correlated in adults with BMI < 30 kg/m2. Carbonation, flavor, and artificially sweetened beverages have limited impact on blood glucose change after beverage consumption. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant and CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Grant.

Abstract Objectives To determine if there were relationships between biomarkers of thirst, hunger, perceived thirst and perceived hunger in relation to time and carbonated beverage consumption. Methods Participants (males n = 14, females n = 15) aged 23–65, had a BMI < 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six randomized beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 min (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and again at 10 and 45 min. post consumption. Perceived hunger and thirst were measured by visual analog scale. Acylated ghrelin and copeptin concentrations were assessed by ELISA assay. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in ghrelin response. Results Perceived hunger scores differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction. However, acylated ghrelin concentration did not differ by beverage or time (P > 0.05). Acylated ghrelin overall was 86.25 ± 92.30 pg/mL (mean ± SD). There was no relationship between perceived hunger and acylated ghrelin concentration at any time point or beverage (P > 0.05). Adjusting for gender or BMI had no impact. Perceived thirst differed by time (P < 0.0001) but not by beverage (P > 0.05). Copeptin concentrations are currently being analyzed via ELISA assay. Preliminary results for copeptin concentrations from participants consuming water and CNF did not differ by beverage or time. The average copeptin concentration measured from participants for these two beverages was 4.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL. After all samples are analyzed for copeptin, correlation will be run to determine if there is any relationship between copeptin, ghrelin, and perceived hunger and thirst. Conclusions Perceived hunger and thirst changed over time, regardless of beverage type. However, biomarker concentrations were not related to those changes. Perception of satiety may be influenced by other factors other than physiological signals. Funding Sources Funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant.

Abstract Objectives The goals were to 1) determine the change in perceived hunger and perceived thirst when consuming carbonated, flavored, and artificially sweetened beverages and 2) to determine if carbonated beverage consumption habits predict perceived hunger and thirst. Methods Participants (males n = 14 and females n = 15) aged 23–65, BMI < 30 kg/m,2 and not diagnosed with any chronic disease randomly consumed six different beverage treatments (water, carbonated - no flavor [CNF], carbonated - lime flavor [CL], degassed - lime flavor [DL], carbonated - lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed - lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]) in a single-blinded, cross-over design. Beverage consumption habits of participants were recorded at the first data collection appointment. Participants were asked to eat a breakfast of approximately 400 calories and a subsequent four hour fast on six separate days. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure perceived hunger and thirst at 0 (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and then measured at 10 and 45 minutes post consumption. ANOVA was used to determine the difference in hunger and thirst perceptions by beverage. Regression determined the influence of beverage consumption habits perceived hunger and thirst at three different time points and the change in perceived hunger and thirst. Results Perceived hunger and thirst significantly changed over time (P < 0.001) but did not differ by beverage (P > 0.05). There was no interaction between time and beverage (P > 0.05). Perceived hunger scores were 48.59 ± 18.37 and 54.89 ± 18.94 (mean ± SD) at baseline (0 min) and 45 min, respectively (P < 0.0001). Perceived thirst scores were 54.00 ± 15.22 at baseline (0 min) and 46.37 ± 17.22 at 45 min (P < 0.0001). Habitual frequency of carbonated beverage consumption did not influence change in perceived thirst, change in perceived hunger, baseline perceived hunger or baseline thirst in the study (P > 0.05). Conclusions Perceived hunger significantly increased from baseline to 45-minutes, while perceived thirst significantly decreased from baseline to 45-min. Habitual frequency of consumption of carbonated beverages may have limited impact on changes in perceived hunger and thirst when consuming various beverages. Funding Sources College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant and CSB Undergraduate Research Grant.

Pada 11 Oktober 2012 Gereja Katolik merayakan 50 tahun dibukanya Konsili Vatikan II. Namun demikian, 16 dokumen yang dihasilkan selama Konsili itu berlangsung (11 Oktober 1962-7 Desember 1965) belum dikenal oleh semua umat Katolik. Bahkan ada tidak sedikit umat Katolik yang belum pernah melihat dokumen-dokumen tersebut. Ada pula yang mengatakan bahwa kendati sudah membacanya, namun merasakan sangat sulit untuk memahaminya. Ada pula yang ketika melihat buku tebal yang memuat dokumen-dokumen tersebut langsung merasa terintimidasi dan ketakutan (intimadated), lalu tidak berani membukanya. Sudah ada berbagai macam upaya untuk menyampaikan isi dan semangat dari Konsili Vatikan II kepada seluruh anggota Gereja Katolik. Salah satu cara adalah menerbitkan buku untuk mengulas isi dokumen-dokumen tersebut. Salah satu dari sekian banyak buku yang pantas dibaca adalah karya Maureen Sulivan, seorang assistant professor ilmu Teologi di Saint Anselm College, Manchester, New Hapshire, Amerika Serikat. Buku yang ditulis dalam bentuk tanya jawab ini dibagi menjadi 9 bab. Bab 1 berbicara mengenai “Pengumuman” diadakannya Konsili yang menggemparkan para pemimpin Gereja, khususnya anggota Dewan Kardinal dan Kuria di Vatikan, yang merasa bahwa Konsili tidak diperlukan. Dalam bab ini dibicarakan tentang arti dari Konsili yang disebut sebagai ekumenis dan pastoral, alasan perlu diadakannya Konsili, persiapan yang dibutuhkan, serta tujuan yang ingin dicapai dengan diadakannya Konsili Vatikan II. Secara khusus disebutkan peran almarhum Paus Johanes XXIII, yang ketika mengumumkan untuk mengadakan Konsili, beliau baru tiga bulan diangkat menjadi Paus. Lewat Konsili ini beliau menginginkan agar Gereja mampu menemukan cara agar iman Kristiani dapat disampaikan kepada dunia dan dimengerti oleh dunia. Demi tujuan itu Gereja perlu “membuka jendela” agar “angin segar memasuki dirinya (hlm. 29).” Gereja perlu melakukan aggiornemento, pembaruan diri. Bab 2 mengulas mengenai orang-orang yang berperan dalam KonsiliVatikan II, ketegangan-ketegangan yang muncul antara mereka yang ingin mengadakan pembaruan dengan mereka yang ingin mempertahankan status quo Gereja, serta peran media massa. Selain sekitar 2200 peserta (Kardinal, Uskup, dan Abas), juga terdapat ratusan teolog yang berperan sebagai penasihat bagi para peserta Konsili (periti), antara lain dengan memberikan seminar-seminar mengenai topik-topik teologis kepada para peserta Konsili (hlm. 35-36). Selain itu juga terdapat para pengamat dari Gereja Ortodoks, Gereja-gereja Protestan main streams (Lutheran, Episkopalian, Anglikan, Metodis, Presbyteran, dan Quakers), dan Yudaisme. Hadirnya para pengamat dari kalangan khusus ini merupakan sesuatu yang baru dan revolusioner dalam Konsili. Secara khusus ditampilkan seorang tokoh pembaru: Kardinal Bea, ketua Sekretariat untuk Kesatuan Umat Kristiani. Ia begitu dikenal dengan ucapannya yang sangat menggemparkan di depan para wartawan: “Members of the other Christian Churches who are living today never ’left’ the Church. So they cannot ‘return,’ can they? We are talking about going together, hand in hand, toward a new future” (hlm. 33). Tokoh pembaru lain adalah Kardinal Achile Liénart, seorang Kardinal senior dari Prancis, yang pada hari ketiga Konsili menolak untuk memilih dari daftar nama yang sudah disiapkan (kebanyakan adalah anggota Kuria) untuk menjadi ketua dari 10 komisi yang akan mengendalikan agenda Konsili. Ia mengusulkan supaya para peserta Konsili memilih orang-orangnya sendiri. Usulan ini didukung oleh Kardinal Josef Fring dari Jerman, dan kemudian diterima oleh semua perserta Konsili. Tokoh pembaru lain adalah Kardinal Jan Alfrink dari Belanda, dan Kardinal Leo Josef Suenens dari Belgia (hlm. 38-38). Di pihak lain, ada tokoh sangat konservatif yang mencoba menghambat jalannya Konsili: Kardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, seorang anggota Kuria dan ketua The Holy Office (sekarang dikenal sebagi Kogregasi untuk Ajaran Iman), yang terkenal dengan ucapannya “Semper idem” (Selalu sama). Ia antara lain melawan hadirnya para pengamat dalam Konsili (hlm. 33), mencoba melarang kuliah-kuliah yang diberikan kepada para peserta Konsili oleh para Yesuit dari Institut Biblis di Roma, bahkan meminta Paus Yohanes XXIII untuk mengusir teolog Yesuit, Karl Rahner dari Roma, yang tentu saja ditolak oleh Paus (hlm. 35). Ia menolak penggunaan bahasa-bahasa lokal untuk Misa, yang intinya adalah pemindahan kekuasaan dari hierarki kepada Umat (hlm. 43), menghambat disahkannya kolegialitas para Uskup dan menandaskan bahwa Komisi Teologi yang ia pimpin memiliki otoritas di atas Konsili (hlm. 55). Dalam bab ini juga disebutkan hal yang baru dalam Konsili ini adalah hadirnya para wartawan dari pelbagai media massa dari seluruh dunia. .......................................... Sebagai penutup, dalam bab 9, Sullivan menegaskan bahwa ada dua hal yang benar-benar perlu diperhatikan untuk zaman ini sebagai agenda yang belum selesai dari Konsili Vatikan II: kolegialitas (relasi atara Paus dan Uskup) dan peran kaum perempuan dalam Gereja. Akhirnya, pada awal abad ke-21 ini Sullivan mengajak kita semua untuk bertanya: Apakah Gereja kita sungguh-sungguh dapat menjawab tantangan-tantangan pada zaman ini?; Apakah Gereja kita dapat membuat pesan Injil relevan untuk zaman ini?; Apakah Gereja kita dapat membangkitkan entusisme baru yang dapat membangun sebuah generasi baru?; Apakah Gereja dapat meredakan berbagai macam ketegangan yang akhir-akhir ini menggoncang “bahtera Petrus?” Dengan bijak Sullivan mengatakan bahwa kita perlu terus berharap, dan harapan itu akan menjadi semakin produktif kalau kita selalu berpegang pada nasihat almarhum Yohanes XXIII: “Untuk hal-hal yang mendasar, kesatuan; untuk hal-hal yang meragukan, kebebasan; dan untuk segala sesuatu, cinta kasih” (hlm. 124). Buku ini sangat komprehensif mengulas Konsili Vatikan II dan disampaikan dengan bahasa yang sederhana. Buku ini sangat membantu para pembaca karena dilengkapi dengan daftar isi yang mendetil, daftar semua dokumen yang dihasilkan oleh Konsili Vatikan II beserta dengan waktu promulgasinya, daftar istilah-istilah yang penting berkaitan dengan Konsili Vatikan II, serta indeks subjek. Semoga dengan membaca buku ini para pembaca terdorong untuk membuka dan menemukan pesan-pesan penting dari dokumen-dokumen Konsili Vatikan II. (Ignatius Madya Utama, Program Studi Ilmu Teologi, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta).

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and accompanying risk factors among undergraduate students at a private liberal-arts institution in a rural setting. Methods A cross-sectional research design was used to analyze the food security status and potential risk factors of undergraduate students. Participants completed an online survey distributed via email. The USDA Six-item Household Food Security Module was used to assess food security status. The perceived stress scale (PSS) assessed perceived stress levels. Participants were also asked about demographics, employment status, living situation, and on or off campus dining options. Results 532 respondents met the criteria for the study (14.5% of total undergraduate enrollment). 35% of female participants (n = 335) and 47% of male participants (n = 197) from the total sample were considered food insecure at some time during the semester. 3rd/4thyear students were more likely to be food insecure than 1st/2nd year students (P = 0.03). Factors that increased risk for food insecurity were: being a student of color, first-generation, working more than 16 hours per week, higher levels of perceived stress, and having a meal-plan that did not provide unlimited access to on-campus dining, Conclusions Food insecurity was prevalent in at least one third of participants at an undergraduate liberal arts institution in a rural community. Institutions in rural communities need to further explore the root of food insecurity to alleviate potential hunger and malnutrition, as these students often depend on on-campus resources due to lack of off-campus resources in the near vicinity. Funding Sources This study was funded through a “Becoming Community” grant to the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University provided by the Carnegie Mellon Foundation.