Academic literature on the topic 'Saint Lucia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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Bos, R., M. Février, and A. B. Knudsen. "Saint Lucia revisited." Parasitology Today 4, no. 10 (October 1988): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(88)90029-4.
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Mortensen, Jennifer L., Matthew N. Morton, Pius Haynes, John Tschirky, Marie-Louise Felix, and J. Michael Reed. "Current status of the Endangered White-breasted Thrasher (<em>Ramphocinclus brachyurus</em>), a dry forest songbird endemic to Saint Lucia and Martinique." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 30, no. 1 (December 16, 2017): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2017.30(1).39-48.
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Abstract: The Eastern Caribbean islands of Martinique and Saint Lucia are home to the Endangered White-breasted Thrasher (Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus in Martinique and R. b. sanctaeluciae in Saint Lucia). This species is among the most threatened of Caribbean birds, with fewer than 1,500 individuals range-wide. Here we review current research on its distribution, demography, behavior, and population size, as well as ongoing threats and conservation work. The thrasher is restricted to three areas of dry forest within its two-island extent: the Caravelle Peninsula in Martinique, and its Saint Lucia Iyanola and Mandelé ranges. On both islands, the species was once more widespread and abundant than it is today, though by the early 20th century, it was described as “a very rare bird” by the ornithologist James Bond. The Saint Lucia Mandelé range, discovered in the mid-1990s, now holds the largest extant population for the species, supporting almost 75% of the global population. Recent extensive fieldwork in this range established that the thrasher has relatively low nesting success and high adult survival, a pattern seen in many tropical birds. This work also documented the unusual breeding behavior of the species, cooperative breeding, whereby some individuals delay dispersal and breeding to help raise non-descendant kin. A likely consequence of this behavior is short dispersal distances; for example, there is no evidence that individuals move between islands or between the two ranges in Saint Lucia that are separated by only 3 km. A lack of gene flow has consequences for conservation planning and for species limits reassessment. The greatest threats to the White-breasted Thrasher are habitat loss and fragmentation, habitat degradation, and pressure from non-native mammalian predators. This first threat is the most acute in Saint Lucia, where there is a lack of protected habitat and ongoing habitat loss, and the last is the most acute in Martinique, where 50% of the species’ range has been formally protected since the 1970s. These threats recently motivated the creation of the first conservation plan for the Saint Lucia subspecies.
Keywords: Caribbean, habitat loss, island, Ramphocinclus brachyurus, threatened species, tropical birds, White-breasted Thrasher
Resumen: Estado actual de Ramphocinclus brachyurus, paseriforme endémico y En Peligro del bosque seco de Santa Lucia y Martinica—Las islas de Martinica y Santa Lucia, del Caribe Oriental, son el hogar del ave En Peligro Ramphocinclus brachyurus (R. b. brachyurus en Martinica y R. b. sanctaeluciae en Santa Lucia). Esta especie está entre las más amenazadas de las aves caribeñas, con menos de 1.500 individuos en todo su rango de distribución. Revisamos las investigaciones actuales que existen sobre su distribución, demografía, conducta y tamaño poblacional, así como las amenazas actuales y el trabajo de conservación. Esta especie está restringida a tres áreas de bosque seco dentro de su rango de distribución en las dos islas: la península de Caravelle en Martinica y las regiones de Iyanola y Mandelé en Santa Lucia. En ambas islas, la especie fue más abundante y tuvo una distribución más amplia que la que se conoce hoy en día; aunque a principios del siglo 20, el ornitólogo James Bond la describió como “un ave muy rara”. La region de Mandelé en Santa Lucia, descubierta a mediados de los 90, contiene actualmente la población más grande de esta especie, soportando casi el 75% del estimado global. Un amplio y reciente trabajo de campo en esta zona comprobó que esta especie tiene un éxito de nidificación relativamente bajo y una alta supervivencia adulta, un patrón visto en muchas especies de aves tropicales. Este trabajo también documentó la inusual conducta de cría de esta especie, la cría cooperativa, donde algunos individuos demoran la dispersión y la cría para ayudar en la cría de descendientes no emparentados. Una probable consecuencia de esta conducta son distancias de dispersión cortas; por ejemplo, no existe evidencia de que los individuos se muevan entre islas o entre las dos regiones de Santa Lucia que están separadas por sólo 3 km. La ausencia de flujo genético tiene consecuencias para los planes de conservación y la revaluación de los límites para esta especie. Las mayores amenazas para el Ramphocinclus brachyurus son la pérdida de hábitat, la fragmentación y ladegradación del hábitat y la presión por parte de mamíferos depredadores no nativos. La primera amenaza es la más grave en Santa Lucia, donde hay una falta de hábitat protegido y una constante pérdida de hábitat; y la más grave en Martinica es la última, donde el 50% del rango de distribución de la especie ha sido protegido formalmente desde la década de los 70. Estas amenazas motivaron recientemente la creación del primer plan de conservación para la subespecie de Santa Lucia.
Palabras clave: aves tropicales, Caribe, especie amenazada, isla, pérdida de hábitat, Ramphocinclus brachyurus
Résumé: Situation actuelle du Moqueur gorge-blanche (Ramphocinclus brachyurus), espèce En danger endémique des forêts sèches de Sainte-Lucie et de la Martinique—Les îles de la Martinique et de Sainte-Lucie dans l’est de la Caraïbe abritent une espèce En danger, le Moqueur gorge-blanche (Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus en Martinique et R. b. sanctaeluciae à Sainte-Lucie). Cette espèce est parmi les oiseaux caribéens les plus menacés, avec moins de 1.500 individus dans l’ensemble de son aire de répartition mondiale. Nous examinons ici les recherches actuelles sur la répartition, la démographie, le comportement et la taille de la population, ainsi que les menaces actuelles et les travaux de conservation en cours. Le Moqueur gorge-blanche est limité à trois zones de forêt sèche sur les deux îles : la péninsule de la Caravelle en Martinique et les zones de Iyanola et de Mandelé à Sainte-Lucie. L'espèce a été autrefois plus répandue et plus abondante sur les deux îles qu’elle ne l’est aujourd’hui, mais au début du XXe siècle, elle était décrite comme « un oiseau très rare » par l’ornithologue James Bond. Son occupation de la zone de Mandelé à Sainte-Lucie, découverte au milieu des années 1990, comprend actuellement la plus grande population existante, avec près de 75% de la population mondiale. Le travail de terrain mené récemment sur cette zone a montré que le Moqueur gorge-blanche présente un succès de reproduction relativement bas et une survie élevée des adultes, un schéma observé chez de nombreux oiseaux tropicaux. Ce travail a également documenté le comportement de reproduction inhabituel de l’espèce, l’élevage coopératif, dans lequel certains individus retardent leur dispersion et leur reproduction pour aider à l’élevage de jeunes qui ne sont pas leurs descendants. Une conséquence probable de ce comportement est la faible distance de dispersion ; il n’y a actuellement aucune preuve que les individus se déplacent entre les îles ou entre les deux zones d’occupation à Sainte-Lucie, qui ne sont séparées que de 3 km. L’absence de flux génétique a des conséquences pour la planification de la conservation et pour la réévaluation des limites de l’espèce. Les plus fortes menaces pesant sur le Moqueur gorge-blanche sont d’une part la perte, la fragmentation et la dégradation de ses habitats et d’autre part la pression des mammifères prédateurs non indigènes. Cette première menace est la plus grave à Sainte-Lucie où il y a actuellement un manque de protection et une perte de ses habitats, et la seconde est la plus sévère en Martinique où 50% de l’aire de répartition de l’espèce est formellement protégée depuis les années 1970. Ces menaces ont récemment motivé la création du premier plan de conservation de la sous-espèce de Sainte-Lucie.
Mots clés: Caraïbe, espèces menacées, île, Moqueur gorge-blanche, oiseaux tropicaux, perte d’habitat, Ramphocinclus brachyurus
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Gibbs, Jason, Amber Bass, and Katherine Morgan. "Habralictus and Lasioglossum of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)." ZooKeys 1089 (March 18, 2022): 125–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.72645.
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The new species and the first halictid bees documented from Saint Lucia Habralictus reinae, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) luciae, and L. (Habralictellus) delphiae are described. A fourth species, L. (D.) dominicense, is tentatively recorded from the island. The species are illustrated and compared to similar ones from the Lesser Antilles. Lasioglossum and Habralictus from neighbouring Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are reviewed and a key to Lasioglossum provided, including the description of another new species, L. (Dialictus) gemmeum. Trigona nigrocyanea Ashmead and Dufourea subcyanea Ashmead are synonymised under Lasioglossum cyaneum (Ashmead). Notes on the obscure Lasioglossum (Dialictus) minutum (Fabricius) are provided. A new name, Lasioglossum (Homalictus) minuens, is provided for a secondary homonym Homalictus minutus Pauly. The potential for additional species richness in Saint Lucia and the Lesser Antilles is briefly discussed.
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Francis, Karen A., Andrew Molodynski, and Giselle Emmanuel. "Mental healthcare in Saint Lucia." BJPsych International 15, no. 1 (February 2018): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.12.
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St Lucia is a small island in the eastern Caribbean with a population of approximately 200 000 people. Although St Lucia is formally ranked as a high middle-income country, there are pockets of deprivation and relatively low living standards. Mental health services in St Lucia have increased considerably and advanced over recent years because of a coalition between the government of the island and South East Asian partners. The National Mental Wellness Centre opened several years ago and has much improved facilities. There remains a significant shortage of community-based services, no mental health law, and a pervasive community stigma and apprehension regarding those with mental health problems.
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Ma, Xiao. "The Impact of Covid-19 Transmission and Control on the Tourism Industry and Touristic Countries: A Case Study of Saint Lucia and the Maldives." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 54, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/54/20230921.
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COVID-19, which was recognised by the WHO as a highly contagious respiratory pandemic with a worldwide impact, has hit almost every industry hard. Measures taken by countries and regions to restrict population movement in response to the pandemic have had a more serious negative influence on the tourism industry. Saint Lucia, an island in the Caribbean, was also badly affected by COVID-19 because its economy is highly dependent on the high-risk nature of the tourism industry. This study compares the changes in data related to the tourism industry in Saint Lucia before and after the outbreak to analyse the concrete manifestation of the impact of COVID-19 on it. In addition, based on the rapid recovery of the tourism industry in Maldives, another similar tourism-based island country, this study compares the measures implemented in Maldives to provide some recommendations for the future recovery of Saint Lucias tourism economy and the sustainable development of the tourism industry.
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Huxley, Andrew. "HOW HYBRID IS SAINT LUCIAN LAW?" Revue générale de droit 14, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059343ar.
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Leonce, Janai, and Mahalia Jackman. "Gender Income Inequality in Saint Lucia." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47556/j.wjemsd.18.1.2022.5.
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Reeder, R., P. L. Kelly, and G. Mathurin. "Cercosporidium sequoiaeisolated fromCupressus lusitanicain Saint Lucia." Plant Pathology 58, no. 6 (December 2009): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02101.x.
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Isaac, Cornelius, and Charles P. A. Bourque. "Ecological life zones of Saint Lucia." Global Ecology and Biogeography 10, no. 5 (September 2001): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822x.2001.00257.x.
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Murphy, Tessa. "Centering Slavery in the Age of Abolition: Insights from the Saint Lucia Register of Plantation Slaves, 1815." William and Mary Quarterly 81, no. 2 (April 2024): 359–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2024.a925936.
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Abstract: Scholars have used a range of sources, including oral histories, written accounts, and plantation inventories, to reconstruct the lives of people subjected to slavery in the Atlantic world. Yet in contested colonies such as Saint Lucia, the experiences of enslaved people remain little known. Attention to a seemingly static, bureaucratic document—the 1815 Register of Plantation Slaves—provides details about all 12,726 individuals who were enslaved on estates in Saint Lucia just one year after France ceded the island to Great Britain. This, in turn, facilitates the reconstruction of life histories and genealogies of people who labored on the plantation frontier of the British Empire during the age of abolition. As one of 671 such documents created throughout the empire in the decades after Great Britain's 1807 abolition of the transatlantic slave trade, the 1815 Saint Lucia Register of Plantation Slaves illustrates the potential for such documents to significantly enlarge current understandings of slavery. The register testifies to the importance of regional trafficking and the role of reproductive labor in giving rise to a creolized enslaved population in Saint Lucia, and it poignantly illustrates how these phenomena affected enslaved individuals and families.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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Saint, Clair Albert. "Attitudes towards agriculture (farming) in St. Lucia." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64485.
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Bonaparte, Anthony. "Solar drying of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) in St. Lucia." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23384.
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An indirectly heated solar drier fitted with a flat plate collector and a directly heated solar drier were compared with open air sun drying of cocoa beans under field conditions in St. Lucia. Sun drying was conducted on two surfaces, perforated steel and non perforated wood. The methods were examined for the ability to adequately dry fermented beans and effect on quality. Loading rates of 13.5, 26.9 and 40.4 kg/m$ sp2$ were examined.Temperature increases of 15$ sp circ$C and 20$ sp circ$C above ambient were achieved in the indirect and direct drier, respectively. The solar driers were more efficient than sun drying units at removing moisture throughout at loading rates of 26.9 and 40.4 kg/m$ sp2$ but only in the initial stages at 13.5 kg. External mould development was therefore reduced. Open air sun drying on the wooden surface proved more effective in the final stages at 13.5 kg/m$ sp2$.
The dried beans were of similar internal quality despite faster drying in the driers. The various drying methods and loading rates produced beans of similar pH while only loading rates affected titratable acidity differently. The direct solar drier achieved lower final moisture levels at high loads and was the cheaper alternative.
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Cox, Christopher Anthony. "Integrated watershed management planning for St. Lucia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82848.
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A decision support framework (DSF) to guide watershed management planning in St. Lucia was developed. The DSF, supported by three components, integrated physiographic criteria in spatially defining sustainable land management regimes, crop suitability based on agro-ecologic zoning criteria, and water quality modelling tools.In the first component, a methodology for agricultural and forestry land management zoning based on decision-rule frameworks was developed, employing GIS-based spatial multiple-criteria integration techniques. Land capability, recommended land management regimes, crop suitability and broad agricultural/forestry land utilization type zones were derived for the country. Sixteen broad agricultural and forestry land utilization types (LUTs) based on FAO agro-ecologic zoning guidelines were spatially defined over the island. These LUT zones represent relative suitability for rain-fed annual and perennial crop production, grazing and forestry.
In the second component, field research to quantify rainfall, runoff and erosion from two small watersheds under contrasting land management regimes was undertaken. Over the study period the erosion rate from an intensively cultivated, degraded agricultural watershed was 20 times that of a completely forested watershed. SCS curve numbers were evaluated for both watersheds based on rainfall-runoff relationships.
The third component demonstrated the application of a distributed-parameter hydrologic/water quality model, AnnAGNPS, in land management scenario evaluation, in terms of runoff and soil erosion. Data from the second component were used to calibrate and validate the model in simulation of daily runoff and erosion losses from the two watersheds over the study period. The model generally performed better in runoff simulation for the agricultural watershed compared to the forested watershed. Average annual erosion rates under current land management regimes were estimated at 73.3 and 7.2 t/ha for the agricultural and forested watersheds respectively. The model was applied to simulate runoff and erosion losses from the agricultural watershed under alternative sustainable land management regimes derived in the first component. Simulated average annual erosion losses were reduced to 9.2 t/ha.
This study demonstrated the application of efficient and powerful computer-based tools in the development of a decision support framework for watershed management planning for small islands.
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Nondoda, Sibulele Phefumlela. "Macrophyte distribution and responses to drought in the St Lucia Estuary." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012330.
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This study investigated the response of the macrophytes in St Lucia Estuary, northern KwaZulu-Natal to drought. The present distribution of vegetation (2010 / 2011) was mapped and changes over time recorded from past aerial photographs. The changes in macrophyte cover in response to environmental factors (sediment and groundwater characteristics) was measured along four transects in 2010 and compared with results from previous years, in 2005 and 2006. In the current study, 1960 images were digitized to illustrate macrophyte distribution and cover of the Narrows, Makakatana and the Eastern Shores during a low rainfall period which started in 1958. The 2001 images were digitized to illustrate vegetation distribution and cover of the same area prior to the current drought which started in June/ July 2002. The 2008 images were digitized to illustrate vegetation distribution and cover of estuarine vegetation within the floodplain during the drought (after 6 years). The sites were visited in June 2011 for verification of the distribution and boundaries of each macrophyte habitat. The area covered by the water column varied over time. In 1960 during a low rainfall period the water was 32705 ha, 33320 ha in 2001 and reduced to 30443 ha in 2008. The area cover of inundated and dry reeds fluctuated with the water level. Under high water levels, low-lying areas such as Fanies Island and Selley‟s Lake were flooded and under low water levels, intertidal sand and mudflats were exposed and colonised by succulent salt marsh (Sarcocornia spp. and Salicornia meyeriana). Similar conditions were observed at Makakatana. Mangroves were observed from the mouth to the Forks. Avicennia marina was the dominant mangrove species and primary colonizer of dredge spoil. The area cover of mangroves in the vicinity of the mouth fluctuated as a result of fluctuating water levels, dredging operations, excavation of the Back Channel and Cyclone Gamede which killed intertidal vegetation. Between 2001 and 2008, mangrove expansion was faster in the Mfolozi Swamps area (± 1.4 ha yr -1) compared to the Narrows (± 0.4 ha yr -1). Long term monitoring transects were set up in 2005, at Makakatana, Charters Creek, Catalina Bay and at Listers Point to document changes in sediment conditions and vegetation cover. These were sampled in July 2005, October 2005, February 2006 and May 2010. Silt was the dominant particle size at Catalina Bay, Charters Creek and Makakatana. At Makakatana, average ground water salinity was 17.2 ± 6.6 ppt, 4.1± 4.9 ppt at Catalina Bay and 32.9 ± 19.3 ppt at Charters Creek. Drought resulted in the accumulation of salt on the surface sediment layer at Listers Point and Charters Creek due to low rainfall. Listers Point, the site with the lowest freshwater input and habitat diversity had the lowest macrophyte species richness with only three species. The dominant species at this site were Sporobolus virginicus and Chenopodium album L. which are highly salt tolerant species. Catalina Bay had the highest species richness (18 to 27); as a result of freshwater input via groundwater seepage from the sand dune aquifers on the Eastern Shores. Along the Eastern Shores, vegetation was dominated by species of Cyperaceae, Juncaceae and Juncaginaceae. Fluctuations in groundwater depth were observed at all sites, Listers Point groundwater depth in February 2006 was 80 cm and the ground water level was not reached during the May 2010 field trip. During the May 2010 field trip, the water column salinity of the St Lucia system was highly variable, Makakatana had the lowest water column salinity of 7.1 ppt, 42.1 ppt at Catalina Bay, 44 ppt at Charters Creek and Listers Point had the highest water column salinity of 95 ppt. An assessment of the changes in macrophyte cover along the transects showed that cover fluctuated in response to rainfall, water level and drought. At Listers Point, there was a continuous decline in the abundance of Sporobolus virginicus over time which was sparsely distributed in the first 40 m of the transect. Sarcocornia natalensis, a succulent and obligate halophyte, was recorded, in areas with high sediment conductivity. In May 2010, bare ground increased to an average percentage cover of 96.5% and was covered with dead organic matter and a salt crust at Listers Point. At Makakatana, there was a significant decrease in bare ground from July 2005 to May 2010 (H = 24.58, N = 197, p<0.001) as bare areas were colonized by salt marsh. Multivariate analysis showed that the abundance of Sporobolus virginicus was positively influenced by sediment moisture content and Paspalum vaginatum abundance was strongly influenced by the water column salinity. At Catalina Bay, low sediment conductivity at the groundwater seepage area resulted in terrestrial vegetation encroaching on estuarine vegetation. Sarcocornia natalensis became more abundant towards the water column. During the period of study, species richness at St Lucia ranged from 2 (Listers Point, May 2010) to 27 (Catalina Bay, February 2006). Salinity and water level fluctuation have a significant impact on the distribution of macrophytes at St Lucia during the drought. In saline areas salt marsh plants have colonized exposed shorelines and along the Eastern Shores groundwater seepage has increased macrophyte species richness. Low water levels have resulted in the exposure and desiccation of submerged macrophytes, which are replaced by macroalgae.
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Popple, Ian D. "Application of ultrasonic telemetry to movement of the graysby Cephalopholis cruentata in a marine reserve in St. Lucia, W.I." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33825.
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Ten individuals of Cephalopholis cruentata, a marine serranid common on Caribbean coral reefs and important to artisanal reef fisheries, were implanted with acoustic transmitters on two reefs within the Soufriere Marine Management Area, St. Lucia. The mean home range area determined was 2120m2. Home range shape was non-circular, with a mean aspect ratio of 0.72. Neither home range size nor home range shape differed between the study sites or as a function of fish size. However, more active fish, as determined by movement per hour and displacement per hour, had larger home ranges.Use of space within the home range was characterised as activity rates (movement per hour), displacement rates (maximum distance between fish locations per hour), and preferential use of specific areas (% of position fixes in different areas). All fish demonstrated a clear preference for specific areas in their home range. Activity, displacement and % time spent in the preferred reef area were not correlated with fish size. Activity and displacement were higher by night than by day, and consistent with this, fish spent less time in their preferred home range area by night than by day. Given the home range size and movement patterns of C. cruentata determined in the study, the effectiveness of the marine reserve zones in the Soufriere Marine Management Area in protecting C. cruentata is assessed.
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Wimark, Karin, and Anna-Karin Lodin. "A free but afraid press : a comparative study about limitations, challenges and possibilities for journalists operating in Dominica and Saint Lucia." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27926.
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The purpose of this research is to study how journalists in two Caribbean countries, Dominica and Saint Lucia, see their profession in a developing country where freedom of the press is high but where restrictions also occur. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews we will ask thirteen local journalists in the aforementioned countries what they think about journalistic values and ask for their thoughts on the journalists´ role and responsibility in society. We will also ask them about what limitations there might be to accomplish these ideals. Since every country differs from another, our study will lean on normative theories, and the study will be based on Hallin and Mancini's work Comparing media systems (2004) and their three models of media. According to the respondents in Saint Lucia and Dominica, the main role for the journalists is to report accurate, balanced and fair stories to the audience so that they can make informed decisions in their everyday life. However, the respondents in both countries face challenges in fulfilling these ideals where in Dominica the main challenge is access to information that prevents the press to work on a free basis. In Saint Lucia the respondents state that main obstacles are the “red tape”, i.e., the problematic bureaucratic procedure, that journalists have to deal with when trying to get information, and also threats such as lawsuits and pulled advertisement - something that prevents them from producing free and independent journalism.Detta är en Minor Field Study finansierad uppsats.
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Norville, Peter. "The design and evaluation of soil conservation systems in St. Lucia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59576.
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Three soil conservation systems: contour drainage, strip cropping, and terracing, were designed and established within separate plots on hillside farmlands in St. Lucia. A control plot with no form of soil conservation was also established. Topographic and soils surveys of these plots were conducted. Rainfall, runoff and soil loss were measured over one wet season. Crop yields and construction and maintenance costs were also determined.For rainfall amounts between 14.2 and 211.2 mm, runoff depths varied from 0.6 to 203.6 mm in the control plot, 2.1 to 199.2 mm in the contour drained plot, 3.2 to 155.1 mm in the strip cropped plot and 1.3 to 94.7 mm in the terraced plot. The largest amounts of runoff were most often recorded in the strip cropped plot, while on most occasions, the terraced plot produced the least runoff.
Soil loss rates varied from 0.01 to 1.77 kg/ha in the control plot, 0.07 to 16.88 kg/ha in the contour drained plot, 0.2 to 28.86 kg/ha in the strip cropped plot and 0.01 to 6.62 kg/ha in the terraced plot.
Construction costs per hectare were EC$5565 for the contour drainage system, EC $5425 for the strip cropped system and EC$6350 for the terraced system.
Further monitoring of the conservation systems is required for prediction of their long-term effectiveness in runoff and soil erosion control.
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Mortley-Modeste, Agatha. "The role of the school principal in staff development in St. Lucia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67530.
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The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the school principal in St. Lucia in staff development. It also explored whether the role corresponded with the expectations of school teachers.Data was obtained through questionnaires administered to school principals and to school teachers respectively. For the most part, the data was analysed quantitatively. However, a small part of the data was analysed qualitatively using content analysis.
The findings show that generally, school principals play a positive role in staff development and this matches the expectations of teachers. This role takes the form of conducting orientation sessions for new staff, advising staff on teaching techniques, encouraging staff to pursue further studies, inviting their input in school related matters and preparing effective professional development day sessions.
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Anthony, Kenny Davis. "The mixed legal system of Saint Lucia : its establishment and decline." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570657.
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This thesis traces the establishment and decline of the mixed legal system of Saint Lucia. It is argued that the gradual abandonment of aspects of the island's civilian heritage, and its replacement by the English Common Law, is explained, primarily, though not exclusively, by the anglicisation of the island's legal culture, economy, politics and society. Part One is concerned with the historical evolution of the legal system. In Chapter 1, it is argued that mixed systems are recognisable as distinct systems of law with their own juridical personality and are fully capable of being classified as independent of, but related to, both the common law and civil law systems. It is advanced in Chapter 2 that the vulnerability of Saint Lucia's Civil Law is largely explained by the subordination of the civil law to the public law of the common law. How the British Crown utilised its powers of public law to fashion a legal system that was structurally similar, though not identical to the English Common Law system is examined in some detail. The reasons for adopting and adapting the Quebec Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure ostensibly to serve the needs of Saint Lucia are explained in Chapters 3 and 4. It is suggested that like Quebec, codification of the sUbstantive and procedural law was dictated by technical factors, primarily the need to remove the uncertainty and chaos which had characterised the legal system since 1803. The enactment of both codes marked the formal establishment of Saint Lucia as a mixed legal system. Part Two focuses on the gradual abandonment of certain aspects of the civil law in favour of the English Common Law. Chapter 5 examines the numerous amendments to the Civil Code since its enactment in 1879, the introduction of a Commercial Code based on English statutes and the enactment of other legislation which derogated from the Civil Code. Chapter 6 assesses the jurisprudential impact of the 1957 amendments to the Civil Code and the consequences which flowed from the superimposition of the English Law of Tort, Contract, and Trust on the remaining body of codified law. The major conclusion is that these amendments denatured and distorted the symmetry of the Civil Code, weakened the character of the legal system and accentuated its decline.
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Cox, Christopher 1967. "Watershed master planning for St. Lucia using geographic information systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27303.
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A method for estimating long-term average annual soil loss under different land management scenarios from the Marquis and Soufriere watersheds on St. Lucia is presented. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used, and a GIS was employed to generate the required input parameters. Model execution and results were also generated within the GIS. Modelling soil loss for the different land management scenarios was based upon a land capability classification and associated conservation treatments. Soil losses under current agricultural land-use patterns were analyzed and compared to potential soil losses under conservation treatments following the criteria specified in the land capability classification. The model predicted substantial declines in soil loss where conservation treatments were assigned, as compared to soil loss under current land-use patterns. It was found that predicted soil losses from the Soufriere watershed were four times that predicted for the Marquis watershed for all the land management scenarios modelled. Of the input parameters in the model, slope steepness was most highly correlated to predicted soil loss. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will be used in the development of a decision support system for agricultural and forestry land planning on St. Lucia.
Books on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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United States. Dept. of State. Office of Public Communication, ed. Background notes, Saint Lucia. [Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1994.
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Bailey, Nahdjla. Telling tales from Saint Lucia. St. Peters, Barbados: Caribbean Chapters Publishing, 2010.
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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Saint Lucia 2012: Phase 1. Paris]: OECD, 2012.
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Sheridan, Loverly. Tiki-tok: Growing up in Saint Lucia. [North Charleston, S.C: CreateSpace], 2012.
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Grech, Maria. Bush talk: Saint Lucia people and places. St. Lucia: Saint Lucia Forest & Lands Department, 1991.
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McDonald, Rose Marie. Directory of information units in Saint Lucia. Castries: National Research and Development Foundation of Saint Lucia, 1987.
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Joyce, Auguste, Gill Muriel, and Organization of American States, eds. Oral and folk traditions of Saint Lucia. Saint Lucia, West Indies: Lithographic Press, 1986.
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McDonald, Rose Marie. Preliminary report on information units in Saint Lucia. Castries, St. Lucia: National Research and Development Foundation of St. Lucia, 1985.
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Canada. Dept. of External Affairs. Social security: Agreement between Canada and Saint Lucia. S.l: s.n, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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Fee, Derek. "Saint Lucia." In Oil & Gas Databook for Developing Countries, 201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4968-3_57.
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Hartley, Cathy. "Saint Lucia." In The Europa International Foundation Directory 2021, 284. 30th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179870-132.
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Hartley, Cathy. "Saint Lucia." In The International Directory of Government 2021, 546–47. 18th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179931-148.
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Best, Mechelle, and Winston Phulgence. "Saint Lucia." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 816–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_582.
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"Saint Lucia – Saint Lucia." In Index of North and South American Constitutions 1850 to 2007, 387–88. K. G. Saur, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110968002.387.
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"Saint Lucia." In South America, Central America and Africa, 227–31. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85166-661-4.50049-9.
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"Saint Lucia." In National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables 2019, 810–14. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9639fabc-en.
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"Saint Lucia." In International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2017, Volume I, 290–91. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/967f09a8-en.
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"Saint Lucia." In Before Recollection, 17–20. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15r5dkd.14.
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"Saint Lucia." In The State of Commodity Dependence, 174. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/49b88961-en.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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Cosentino, Antonino, Mariarita Sgarlata, Carmelo Scandurra, Samantha Stout, Mariateresa Galizia, and Cettina Santagati. "Multidisciplinary investigations on the byzantine oratory of the Catacombs of Saint Lucia in Syracuse." In 2015 Digital Heritage. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/digitalheritage.2015.7419471.
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Sein, Sander, and Konsta Mikael Sirvio. "Implementation of COST Action TU1406 Quality Control framework as a part of Bridge Management System in Saint Lucia." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0833.
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<p>The main objective of the proposed paper is to present the applicability of the Quality Control framework developed by COST Action TU1406. Since most of the European countries have already implemented a bridge management system (BMS) and by using case studies it has been presented how novel approach can lead to more accurate decisions and connect the evaluation of existing structures to designed limit states. Opposite to European countries Saint Lucia bridge network has for many years suffered from lack of adequate maintenance, which has resulted in pronounced deterioration of the network. The situation has grown worse due to underfunded maintenance and it is therefore of utmost importance that those available funds are put to optimum use.</p><p>As a part of BMS development of Saint Lucia, an assessment method of TU1406 proposed quality control plan was used together with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) condition rating method to make the decision-making more efficient. The BMS is developed without any initial information and for inexperienced staff, so it is fruitful to test the novel theoretical procedure in practice and compare results with widely used method.</p><p>During the investigation, on-site inspections of 71 bridges were carried out and both methods were compared regarding to implementation procedures and decision-making.</p><p>Main attention in this paper is on assessment of structures, including reported information of inspections, and comparison of maintenance decision-making based on different approaches.</p>
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Sima, Adriana. "CAN WE KNOW THAT GOD EXISTS SIMPLY BY THINKING ABOUT IT?" In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/s10.01.
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The question of whether we can know that God exists simply by thinking about it has been explored by various philosophers throughout history. Let�s examine the ideas of Plato, Saint Augustine of Hippo, Saint Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, and Lucian Blaga on this topic. Plato�s philosophy centered around the idea of forms or ideal concepts. While he did not explicitly argue for the existence of a monotheistic God, he believed in a transcendent realm of perfect forms that served as the ultimate source of reality. According to Plato, through philosophical contemplation and reason, one could gain knowledge of these forms, including the form of the good, which could be equated with a divine or godlike entity. Saint Augustine of Hippo sought to reconcile faith and reason and believed that rational inquiry could lead to knowledge of God�s existence. He argued that God�s existence could be known through introspection and reflection on one�s own existence. Augustine believed that God�s existence is self-evident and that every thought we have depends on the existence of a supreme, unchanging and eternal being. Saint Anselm proposed the ontological argument for the existence of God. He argued that we can conceive of a being greater than which nothing can be conceived. According to Anselm, if such a being exists in the understanding alone, it could also exist in reality, which is even greater. Therefore, God must exist in reality. Anselm�s argument relies on the idea that the concept of God contains the concept of necessary existence. Thomas Aquinas developed the cosmological argument, which asserts that everything in the universe has a cause, and ultimately there must be an uncaused cause (God) that initiates the chain of causes. Aquinas believed that reason could lead us to knowledge of God�s existence through observation of the natural world and logical deduction. He believed that God�s existence is self-evident and can be understood through natural theology. Rene Descartes known for his phrase �I think, therefore I am,� sought to establish a foundation of knowledge through rational inquiry. While his philosophical project primarily focused on skepticism and the existence of the self, Descartes also argued for the existence of God. He posited that the idea of God, as a perfect and infinite being, could not have originated from himself, a finite and imperfect being. Therefore, he concluded that the idea of God must have been implanted by a higher power, namely God himself. Lucian Blaga, a Romanian philosopher, addressed the problem of God�s existence from a phenomenological perspective. He argued that God�s existence is not a factual truth that can be proven or disproven by rational thought alone. Instead, Blaga emphasized the importance of subjective experience and existential intuition in recognizing the presence of God. For Blaga, the experience of the sacred and the encounter with the numinous in human existence provides a profound sense of meaning and transcendence, which suggests the existence of God. In summary, the philosophers mentioned above offer different perspectives on whether we can know that God exists simply by thinking about it. While some argue for rational proofs like the ontological or cosmological arguments, others emphasize the importance of personal experience, intuition, introspection or the recognition of higher realities, but the question of God�s existence remains a deeply complex and multifaceted topic, with different philosophical approaches yielding different conclusions, a complex and deeply personal matter, with differing viewpoints among philosophers and individuals.
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Sima, Adriana. "CAN WE KNOW THAT GOD EXISTS SIMPLY BY THINKING ABOUT IT?" In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/s03.01.
Full textAbstract:
The question of whether we can know that God exists simply by thinking about it has been explored by various philosophers throughout history. Let�s examine the ideas of Plato, Saint Augustine of Hippo, Saint Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, and Lucian Blaga on this topic. Plato�s philosophy centered around the idea of forms or ideal concepts. While he did not explicitly argue for the existence of a monotheistic God, he believed in a transcendent realm of perfect forms that served as the ultimate source of reality. According to Plato, through philosophical contemplation and reason, one could gain knowledge of these forms, including the form of the good, which could be equated with a divine or godlike entity. Saint Augustine of Hippo sought to reconcile faith and reason and believed that rational inquiry could lead to knowledge of God�s existence. He argued that God�s existence could be known through introspection and reflection on one�s own existence. Augustine believed that God�s existence is self-evident and that every thought we have depends on the existence of a supreme, unchanging and eternal being. Saint Anselm proposed the ontological argument for the existence of God. He argued that we can conceive of a being greater than which nothing can be conceived. According to Anselm, if such a being exists in the understanding alone, it could also exist in reality, which is even greater. Therefore, God must exist in reality. Anselm�s argument relies on the idea that the concept of God contains the concept of necessary existence. Thomas Aquinas developed the cosmological argument, which asserts that everything in the universe has a cause, and ultimately there must be an uncaused cause (God) that initiates the chain of causes. Aquinas believed that reason could lead us to knowledge of God�s existence through observation of the natural world and logical deduction. He believed that God�s existence is self-evident and can be understood through natural theology. Rene Descartes known for his phrase �I think, therefore I am,� sought to establish a foundation of knowledge through rational inquiry. While his philosophical project primarily focused on skepticism and the existence of the self, Descartes also argued for the existence of God. He posited that the idea of God, as a perfect and infinite being, could not have originated from himself, a finite and imperfect being. Therefore, he concluded that the idea of God must have been implanted by a higher power, namely God himself. Lucian Blaga, a Romanian philosopher, addressed the problem of God�s existence from a phenomenological perspective. He argued that God�s existence is not a factual truth that can be proven or disproven by rational thought alone. Instead, Blaga emphasized the importance of subjective experience and existential intuition in recognizing the presence of God. For Blaga, the experience of the sacred and the encounter with the numinous in human existence provides a profound sense of meaning and transcendence, which suggests the existence of God. In summary, the philosophers mentioned above offer different perspectives on whether we can know that God exists simply by thinking about it. While some argue for rational proofs like the ontological or cosmological arguments, others emphasize the importance of personal experience, intuition, introspection or the recognition of higher realities, but the question of God�s existence remains a deeply complex and multifaceted topic, with different philosophical approaches yielding different conclusions, a complex and deeply personal matter, with differing viewpoints among philosophers and individuals.
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Benedetti, Enzo, Piergiorgio Vergamini, Gino Fornaciari, and Giuliano Spremolla. "Analysis Of Pulmonary Tissue Of Natural Mummy Of XIII Century (Saint Zita, Lucca-Tuscany) By Means Of FT-IR Microspectroscopy." In Intl Conf on Fourier and Computerized Infrared Spectroscopy, edited by David G. Cameron. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.969572.
Full textReports on the topic "Saint Lucia"
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Novichkova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of Saint Lucia. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov, Alexandr Khropov, and Larisa Loginova. Entsiklopediya, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-07-26-1.
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Gischler, Christiaan, Camila Gonzalez Torres, Scarlett Santana, María Jimena Cordoba de la Rosa, and Nils Janson. Unlocking Geothermal Power: How the Eastern Caribbean Could Become a Geothermal Powerhouse. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009367.
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This document presents strategy for developing geothermal potential through public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Eastern Caribbean. The five countries of study are Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The objective of this study is to perform the required analyses to recommend a strategy for developing geothermal energy projects through PPPs in the Eastern Caribbean (the region), considering legal and financial issues.
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Gischler, Christiaan, Ramón Espinasa, Nils Janson, and Malte Humpert. Challenges and Opportunities for the Energy Sector in the Eastern Caribbean: Saint Lucia Energy Dossier. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009263.
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This Energy Dossier is part of a series of publications produced by the Energy Division of the Infrastructure and Environment Department of the Inter-American Development Bank. It is designed to increase the knowledge base about the composition and organization of the energy sector of Latin American and Caribbean countries. Each dossier describes the energy matrix of the country under analysis and then dives deeply into the institutional organization and regulatory framework of the energy sector in that country. This series is an important contribution to the understanding of the energy sector of the Eastern Caribbean countries, as many projects providing comparable information have been carried out in this part of the hemisphere.
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Environmental Management Insertion in Tourism: Sector Policies in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011024.
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This study is concerned with the insertion of environmental management in tourist sector policies to ensure that threats are recognized and addressed. Four main characteristics of Caribbean tourism provide the rationale for this study. First, tourism is the single most common industry in the region - particularly in the island economies. Second, tourism is the fastest growing industry in virtually every Caribbean country, including those in which the sector is not presently an important economic contributor. Third, tourism also is the most important and, sometimes, the only productive sector in some of these economies. Finally, the environment (ecological and socio-cultural) which is the economic `goose¿ that explains the initial three characteristics above - is under significant threat in several Caribbean tourist destinations. The study analyses the cases of Barbados, Bahamas, Saint Lucia and Tobago and presents a last chapter with summary and recommendations.