Academic literature on the topic 'Saint Mary (Benedictine Abbey)'

The Museum of Applied Arts (Iparművészeti Múzeum) at Budapest houses an embroidered Gothic antependium which belonged to the church of St Chrysogonus, which was the seat of the Benedictine Abbey at Zadar. At an unspecified time, the antependium became part of the collection of Zsigmund Bubics, an art historian, collector and the bishop of Košice in present-day Slovakia from 1887 to 1906, and was donated to the Museum of Applied Arts in 1909. It measures 94 by 190 cm. The majority of the antependium’s surface is filled with the figures of saints set beneath three pointed, Gothic arches. The central field is occupied by the enthroned Virgin with the Christ Child, in the left field is St Chrysogonus and in the right St Benedict. In the upper section of the antependium one can see the busts of two saints who might be identified as St Gregory the Pope and St Donatus. Along the lateral edges of this triptych-like antependium are vertical borders, at the centres of which are niches with two small standing female saints who wear crowns (St Scholastica and St Anastasia). To the left of the Virgin’s throne is the figure of a donor depicted kneeling with his hands clasped in prayer, which has unfortunately not been provided with an inscription. It is clear, however, that he is wearing the Benedictine habit with a somewhat over-emphasized hood falling down his back. The Benedictine donor might be identified as one of the abbots of the monastery of St Chrysogonus. It is suggested in the article that this may have been John de Ontiaco (Joannes de Onciache) from the bishopric of Lyon, who was the abbot of the monastery of St Chrysogonus from 1345 to 1377. The author argues that the antependium was produced in a weaving workshop in Venice during the late 1360s or early 1370s, on the basis of comparisons with similar contemporary painted and embroidered artworks. Based on the iconographic programme which was depicted on the antependium, but also on the information found in archival records, the author proposes that the antependium was made for the altar of St Chrysogonus which stood in the north apse of the abbey church. Although it has not been established when the antependium left Zadar, based on the similarities between the crimson satin fabric, which replaced the original surface on which the embroidery was applied, on the antependium from the Church of St Mary at Zadar, and the antependium from the Church of St Chrysogonus, it is stated that both interventions were made in the Benedictine Convent of St Mary at Zadar during a short period of time in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. This is also understood as evidence that at that time the antependium from the Church of St Chrysogonus was still being carefully kept at Zadar.

Liturgical prayer constitutes space, time and community in Benedictine monasteries. Recent field-explorations indicate that visitors to abbey churches appreciate liturgical tradition and ascribe sacred meaning to their experiences. Furthermore, monks and nuns describe the shape of the Divine office, their personal attitude and their spiritual experience as constitutive for their spiritual practice. Until now, Monastic sources and their re-invention are not included in these liturgical studies. But what is the liturgical-spiritual motivation of liturgical prayer according to the Rule of Saint Benedict and its historical re-inventions? In this article, we explore this question, by using interpretative keys for selected liturgical spiritual texts from Benedictine tradition. First, we describe the Liturgical Movement in the 19th century as an example, especially the Abbey of Solesmes, using key texts of its founder Prosper Guéranger. After that, we read and interpret passages from the Rule and the Vita of St Benedict on space, time and community in liturgical prayer. Finally, we summarize our analysis by presenting reflective questions that offer an instrument for liturgical-spiritual reflection that can be helpful for liturgical studies and liturgical practice, inside and outside monasteries.

Dom Arnoldus Smits (1914-2005). Historian of the break up of the Low Countries and biographer of Modest Van AsscheArnold Smits, who had a Dutch Pan-Netherlandic background, became a Flemish nationalist Benedictine monk at the abbey of Saint Peter of Steenbrugge near Bruges. He was also a historian, renowned for his four-part study 1830 and the break up of the Low Countries and for his biography of the Flemish nationalist abbot Dom Modestus Van Assche.Romain Vanlandschoot describes the chequered life and career of Smits and also takes this opportunity to depict the abbey: it was not only scientifically renowned for editing Corpus Christianorum, the study of the authentic texts by early Christian authors, but it was also a location where during a significant part of the 20th century the different tendencies within Flemish nationalism confronted each other.

English monasticism survived the Reformation only in exile. In the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries many monks came to England as pastors to the Catholic community (indeed all members of the English Benedictine Congregation, revived at the beginning of the seventeenth century, took an oath promising to work in England after ordination), but they lived alone or in small groups and except during the early Stuart period there were no organised religious communities in England which could properly be called monastic. This state of affairs was to change dramatically in the years of the French Revolution when the English communities on the continent were repatriated and a number of French religious made their way to England as émigrés. The English communities (including those now represented by the abbeys of Ampleforth in Yorkshire and Downside in Somerset, formerly at Dieulouard in Lorraine and Douai in Flanders respectively) managed to settle in England without too much opposition. These monks had been trained for circumspect behaviour on the mission and were not noticeably ‘monastic’ in either appearance or behaviour; the complete Benedictine habit was not used at Downside, for example, until the late 1840s and working in parishes away from their monasteries remained the normal expectation of most English Benedictine monks until well into the present century. The same could not be said of the community of Saint Susan at Lulworth in Dorset which provided between the years 1794 and 1817 the setting for the first experiment in fully observant monastic life in England for two hundred and fifty years.

Late in the year 1028, Adémar de Chabannes embarked on an ambitious and audacious project to create a new liturgy for the Feast of Saint Martial that would venerate its honoree as an apostle. It is difficult to exaggerate the monstrous nature of the venture and the claim it supported. The historical Martial was well known from the works of Gregory of Tours, the sixth-century historian, as a third-century Roman missionary to Aquitaine and first bishop of Limoges. There his burial place became an important pilgrimage destination and the eventual site of a Benedictine monastery founded in Martial's memory. Adémar, with the full support of the abbot, Odolric, and monks of the abbey of Saint-Martial, and Bishop Jordan of Limoges, sought to transform the historical Martial into a first-century Jew, younger cousin of Simon Peter, an intimate of Jesus himself, whom he served at the Last Supper, Saint Peter's personal delegate to Gaul, and a saint of apostolic rank.

The article draws attention to a number of research initiatives in the area of liturgical plainchant, which have brought together scholars of different countries and disciplines. The number of primary sources is so great that cooperation is essential. In the first phase of modern scientific research, monks of the Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes played a crucial role, their combined efforts being rivalled by very few individual scholars. In the last quarter of a century, databases and computerized projects have been developed to which scholars from different countries can contribute and from which they can draw information, and these have to some extent replaced earlier communal efforts. When the seemingly uniform facade of plainchant is inspected closely it resolves itself into a multitude of overlapping traditions and styles: how many and how widespread they are can only be determined through international cooperation. Later stylistic phases, especially from the eleventh century onward, are influenced by a preoccupation with music as an aural reflection of the harmony of the universe.

Between 1233 and 1258, Franciscan friars attempted to establish themselves in the town of Bury St Edmunds, which was jealously guarded by the Benedictine monks of St Edmunds abbey. In the ensuing conflict (which sometimes spilled over into acts of violence), the monks invoked St Edmund as the protector of the abbey. Although the monks eventually managed to eject the friars from the town in 1263, they were forced to grant the friars a friary site just outside Bury. This article examines how the monks deployed the figure of St Edmund in their battle with the friars, while also exploring the friars’ less well-documented responses. By calling on the saints, both sides elevated the clash between new and old religious orders to the heavenly plane, but the popularity of the new saint, Francis, complicated the monks’ efforts and produced a nuanced response from the Benedictines that eventually accommodated the friars.

Liturgical chant bibliography 12 maintains the traditional division into: (1) Editions and facsimile editions, (2) Books and reprints, (3) Congress reports, (4) Chant journals, (5) Collections of essays and dictionaries, (6) Articles in periodicals and Festschriften. Additions to previous bibliographies, consisting mainly of reviews, follow the present introduction. A significant publication in 2002 was without doubt the colour facsimile of the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds lat. 776 (12002), an eleventh-century gradual from the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Gaillac near Albi. Although no staff lines are present, the music is notated carefully in diastematic notation. The availability of a facsimile of this famous manuscript will certainly be of value for the study of semiology and the transmission history of tropes, proses and prosulae. It also contains traces of the Gallican and Mozarabic chant repertories.

The nineteenth century liturgical movement was the work of the Benedictines. It was beginning from the monastery of Solesmes, where lived and worked the first abbot Prosper Guéranger (1805-1875). Monks of the Order of Saint Benedict rediscovered the significance of the mass liturgy as a source of renewal of the life and teaching of the Church. Guéranger was determined to create a new Christian institution for the time. On 11 July 1833 he started living the Benedictine life with six other monks. The papal letter of 1837 clearly stated that Solesmes was “to revive pure traditions of worship”. So Guéranger initiated liturgical renewal. He determined that the role of Solesmes would not be direct intervention in parishes but perfection of the rites and intellectual formation of the monks. They did it for all history of the abbey to give to the Christian people an example by perfect liturgical celebration, theological reflection, historical research and publications (the most famous Guéranger’s publications were Institutions liturgiques and Liturgical Year). Special place in this work was discussion over restoration of Gregorian chant.

In the year 2019 were celebrated the thousand years of the foundation of the Zalavár Benedictine Monastery under the Patrocinium of Saint Hadrian the Martyr on the western shore of the Lake Balaton in Hungary, and this is an occasion to contemplate the significance of this place and of this heritage. Though the Abbey is not existent after 1950, its beginnings are more important in the Carolingian Empire, after the Avar Period, as the Salzburg Benedictine missionaries christianized the territory and as the Slavic Prince Pribina came under Carolingian rule. It was this time to found the first church of Saint Hadrian, a Martyr in Nicomedia in the times of Diocletian’s persecution and which relics were translated to Rome in the 5th or 6th Century. The cult became important in this Church, which building was identical with the Roman Curia, i. e. the Senate, and the consecration of this church on September 8th became the feast of the Saint in the Occident. This became a titular church and was the titular church of the Transylvanian Cardinal András Báthory, in the 16th century. Turning to Pribina, he gathered Saints Cyril and Methodius and their pupils in this church and against the opposition of the Archbishops of Salzburg, gained Pontifical permission of Pope Hadrian II to celebrate Christian liturgy in Slavic language in his Province and the nomination of Methodius to Metropolite of Pannonia. This early beginnings were important for the Hungarian christianization and explain why Saint Stephen the first King of Hungary received so easily the Roman blessings, i. e. the Holy Crown and the erection of the Metropoly of Esztergom in his kingdom. In medieval Hungary the name of the kingdom was alternating “Hungary” and “Pannonia”, in Christian inter- pretation “Pannonia Sacra”. This aspect could help to concile Slavic (e. g. Slovakian) and Hungarian interpretation of their common history. This history is living today in the use of the word “Church”, which originates of the Latin word “Castellum” (etymon of the city name “Keszthely” at the Lake Balaton), which is in the Western Slavic languages: “Kosciól” (Polish), “Kostel” (Czech and Slovak). In Polish means both as building and as gathering of people, in Czech and Slovak only as building. In Hungarian the use of the Latin word “templum” is rooted, as building. Common heritage of the ancient Roman word “Castellum”.

El propòsit principal d’aquesta tesi és identificar, publicar i analitzar 1.268 documents de l’antic arxiu de Sant Benet de Bages, una abadia benedictina fundada a mitjans del segle X, a la riba dreta del riu Llobregat (a la Catalunya central) per Sala de Conflent, un membre destacat de la noblesa pirinenca, un col•laborador proper dels comtes de Barcelona-Osona-Manresa en la tasca de conquesta i repoblació de la marca occidental en contacte amb al-Andalus. El període tractat comprèn 225 anys, de l’any 898 (data del primer document de propietat que tenia el monestir, fundat més de seixanta anys més tard) fins l’any 1123, quan va recuperar de nou la independència, després de la unió temporal amb Sant Ponç de Tomièras (ca. 1075-1101), d’acord amb el programa de la Reforma Gregoriana. Al llarg d’aquests documents, som capaços de conèixer no tan sols el llarg procés de formació del monestir i els detalls de la seva dotació, sinó també quins foren els seus abats, quants monjos hi va haver i la formació del seu patrimoni. Aquesta tesi aporta una mirada més profonda dels aspectes relacionals intraterritorials i extraterritorials i adquirir un coneixement intensiu en el camp social, polític, econòmic, material, cultural i lingüístic dels comtats catalans durant els segles X i XI i fins el primer quart del segle XII.
El propósito principal de esta tesis es identificar, publicar y analizar 1.268 documentos del antiguo archivo de Sant Benet de Bages, una abadía benedictina fundada a mediados del siglo X en el lado derecho del río Llobregat (en la Cataluña central) por Sala de Conflent, un miembro destacado de la nobleza pirenaica, un colaborador cercano de los condes de Barcelona-Osona-Manresa en la tarea de conquista y repoblación de la marca occidental en contacto con al-Andalus. El período tratado comprende 225 años, desde el año 898 (fecha del primer documento de propiedad que conservaba el monasterio, fundado más de sesenta años más tarde) hasta el año 1123, cuando hubo recuperado nuevamente la independencia original, después de la unión temporal con Sant-Pons-de-Thomières (ca. 1075-1101), de acuerdo con el programa de la Reforma Gregoriana. A lo largo de estos documentos, somos capaces de conocer no solamente el largo proceso de formación del monasterio y los detalles de su dotación, sino también cuáles fueron sus abades, cuantos monjes tuvo y la formación de su patrimonio. Esta tesis aporta una mirada más profunda de los aspectos relacionales intraterritoriales y extraterritoriales y permite adquirir un conocimiento intensivo en el campo social, político, económico, material, cultural y lingüístico de los condados catalanes durante los siglos X y XI y hasta el primer cuarto del siglo XII.
The basic aim of this thesis is to identify, to publish and to analyse 1,268 documents of the ancient archives of Sant Benet de Bages, a benedictine abbey founded in the middle of 10th century in the right side of the Llobregat river (in central Catalonia) by Sala of Conflent, an outstanding member of the nobility of the Pyrenees, a narrow collaborator of the counts of Barcelona-Osona-Manresa in the task of conquest and repopulation of the west mark in contact with Al-Andalus. The period studied covers 225 years, going from the year 898 (date of the first document of property that had the monastery, founded more than sixty years later) to the year 1123, when it recovered again its independence, after temporary union with Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (ca. 1075-1101), according to the program of the Gregorian Reform. Along those documents, we are able to know not only the long process of formation of the monastery and the details of its endowment, but also who were their abbots, how many monks lived there and the building of their patrimony.

Parmi les réformes du concile de Trente, figure celle des ordres religieux incités à s'organiser en congrégations. Y figure aussi l'invitation à traduire dans l'architecture et le décor des églises, l'expression de la foi catholique réaffirmée. Tout cela induit de nouvelles formes architecturales ou de nouveaux aménagements liturgiques qui s'accompagnent dans le cas des ordres religieux, d'une réorganisation spatiale des monastères. Dans ce que le professeur Taveneaux a défini comme une dorsale catholique, la Lorraine tient une place particulière, par son histoire déjà, par son emplacement dans l'échiquier européen d'alors et par la forte présence d'une Eglise soutenue par les souverains. Par l'engagement d'évêques réformateurs, parties prenantes du concile de Trente, puis celui de la famille ducale de Lorraine, le pays voit éclore en quelques années trois fortes congrégations : l'Antique Observance dans l'ordre de Prémontré à partir de Pont-à-Mousson alors que la personnalité de Pierre Fourier cristallise la réforme des chanoines réguliers de Saint-Augustin. Pour les bénédictins, c'est la congrégation de Saint-Vanne et Saint-Hydulphe de dom Didier de La Cour. Par les choix et habitudes architecturaux, par le choix des décors des églises et des bâtiments claustraux, par la vie quotidienne et ses objets, il est possible d'avoir une nouvelle vision de cette congrégation particulièrement active et présente sur le sol lorrain.Les vannistes qui essaiment en France ne sont pas sans influence sur les populations. Il apparaît alors naturel de chercher à comprendre ce que leur architecture et leurs choix décoratifs disent d'eux, de la manière dont ils relaient la doctrine de l'Eglise et dont ils se perçoivent eux-mêmes avec le corollaire de l'image contrôlée ou non qu'ils veulent donner d'eux. Leur architecture, témoin d'un pouvoir, d'un état d'esprit, est aussi sûrement la traduction de leurs principes religieux. Le niveau provincial retenu est celui où se décident les noviciats, où se réfléchissent les suppressions éventuelles ou créations de maisons, où un visiteur fait le lien entre le gouvernement central de la congrégation et chacune de ses maisons. Les religieux vivent aussi cette réalité géographique car ils ne sont que fort peu nombreux à passer d'une province à l'autre et il apparait des spécificités provinciales dans l'organisation même de la congrégation, sans négliger pour autant les choix politiques ou l'évolution de la pensée qui varie différemment selon la province. Car au-delà même des aspects liés à l'organisation de la congrégation, la province de Lorraine offre une singularité supplémentaire, celle d'être alors dans un pays indépendant, même si cela est, à l'époque moderne, tout relatif. Bien que d'une étendue géographique assez limitée, elle offre tous les cas de figures pouvant se rencontrer dans la variété de statuts et d'histoire des maisons vannistes. Toutes ces situations constituent un excellent échantillon de la perception que des religieux cloîtrés des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles peuvent avoir de leur cadre de vie et de la manière dont ils le concrétisent. Tous ces éléments doivent concourir à définir ou non un éventuel style vanniste, montrant sous un jour particulier le quotidien des religieux qui composent cette grande congrégation d'une cinquantaine de maisons en Lorraine et en France, mère de congrégations réformées en France et en Belgique et sœur d'autres réformes monastiques nées en Lorraine dans les premières années du XVIIe siècle
Among the reforms of Trent, is that religious orders are encouraged to organize themselves into congregations. It shall include the invitation to translate the architecture and decorations of the church, the expression of the catholic faith, are reaffirmed. All this leads to new architectural forms and new liturgical developments, are also accompanied in the case of religious orders, by a spatial reorganization of monasteries. In what Professor Taveneaux defined as a Catholic back, Lorraine holds a special place in history, by its location in the european stage and then by the strong presence of a church supported by the sovereigns. By reformers bishops stakeholders the Council of Trent and that of the ducal family of Lorraine commitment, the country sees hatch within a few years three congregations : Ancient Observance in the norbertine order from Pont-à-Mousson while the personality of Pierre Fourier crystallizes the reform of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. For Benedictine, is the congregation of Saint-Vanne and St. Hydulphe by dom Didier de La Cour. The choices and architectural patterns, the choice of sets of churches and abbey buildings themselves, by everyday life and objects, it is possible to have a new vision of this congregation which is particularly active on the Lorraine ground. The vannistes swarming in France are not without influence on populations. It appears natural to try understanding in what their architecture and decorative choices say about them, how they relay the doctrine of the Church and how they perceive themselves with the corollary of the controlled image they want to give of them. Their architecture, witness the power of a state of mind, as surely is the translation of their religious principles. The provincial level used is where decisions novitiates, which reflect any deletions or creations of houses, where a visitor made the connection between the central government of the congregation and every house. Religious also live this geographic reality because they are just very few of them move from one province to another and it seems provincial specificities in the very organization of the congregation without neglecting the political choices or changes' thinking that evolves differently in each province. For even beyond the aspects related to the organization of the congregation, the province of Lorraine offers additional singularity, whereas that of being in an independent country, even if it is in modern times, all relative. Although a fairly limited geographical scope, it offers all the scenarios that can be found in the variety of status and history of vannistes houses. All these situations are an excellent sample of the perception that religious cloistered seventeenth and eighteenth centuries may have their living and how they materialize. All these elements must contribute to define whether a possible style vanniste showing in a particular light daily religious that make up this great congregation of about fifty houses in Lorraine and France, mother of reformed congregations in France and Belgium other monastic reforms sister born in Lorraine in the early seventeenth century

L’objectif de cette recherche est de caractériser les aspects topographiques, fonctionnels et architecturaux de l’abbaye bénédictine de Cormery établie en Touraine, par la communauté de Saint-Martin de Tours en 791 et restée en fonction jusqu’à la Révolution française. Cette approche multi-scalaire du monastère s’appuie sur les sources textuelles et les nombreux vestiges en élévation qui incluent les bâtiments claustraux. La première partie de ce travail s’attache à analyser le contexte de fondation du monastère dans la vallée de l’Indre et tout particulièrement le lien avec la rivière. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude archéologique a été menée sur les vestiges de l’église abbatiale et de la tour-clocher de l’époque romane à partir de relevés réalisés en lasergrammétrie et photogrammétrie. Enfin, l’analyse de l’organisation spatiale de l’établissement monastique et de sa périphérie où s’est formé un bourg conclut ce travail
The purpose of this research is to characterize the topographic, functional and architectural aspects of the benedictin abbey of Cormery, founded in Touraine by the community of St Martin in 791 and which was in use until the French Revolution. This multi-scalar approach of the monastery is based on written sources and standing architectural remains which include the monastic buildings. The first part of this work is dedicated to analyze the foundation process of the monastery in the Indre Valley, especially the link with the river. Secondly, the architectural study of the remains of the abbey church and the still-standing Romanesque western tower was carried out with photogrammetric and lasergrammetric recording. Finally, we conclude this work with the analysis of the spatial organization of the monastic settlement and its periphery where a medieval market town developed

La tesi si apre con un capitolo introduttivo, che tiene presente l’arco cronologico compreso tra i secoli XII e XIX. L’ampiezza di questo periodo storico è giustificata dall’antichità delle istituzioni antecedenti al monastero cassinese di San Raimondo in Piacenza: una canonica agostiniana (secoli XII-XIV), dedicata a Santa Maria dei Dodici Apostoli, un ospedale di tipo medievale (secoli XII-XVI) e un monastero cistercense femminile (1414-1810). Si è cercato di mettere in luce che le vicende di queste istituzioni sono parte integrante della storia dell’attuale monastero. Dopo un accenno alle soppressioni napoleoniche e alle loro conseguenze per le religiose, la parte centrale della ricerca (comprendente gli altri tre capitoli) riguarda il monastero di San Raimondo in Piacenza nel suo periodo benedettino cassinese. L’erezione canonica è avvenuta nel 1835, in seguito all’iniziativa della fondatrice Teresa Maruffi (1780-1855), monaca piacentina. Nel lavoro si è cercato di mettere in luce l’influsso dell’istituzione anche in campo sociale ed educativo. Il monastero di San Raimondo, infatti, tenendo fermo il carattere contemplativo-claustrale della comunità che vi risiede, ha svolto e svolge tuttora un importante ruolo dal punto di vista scolastico-educativo ed apostolico in campo pastorale e sociale.
The thesis opens with an introductory chapter that considers the chronological period between XII and XIX centuries. The wideness of this historical period is justified by the antiquity of the institutions prior to the “cassinese” monastery of San Raimondo in Piacenza: an Augustinian presbytery (XII-XIV centuries), dedicated to Saint Mary of the Twelve Apostles, a medieval hospital (XII-XVI centuries) and a Cistercian convent (1414-1810). They have tried to point out that the events of these institutions are an integral part of the history of the present-day monastery. After a reference to the Napoleonic dissolution and to its consequences for the nuns, the central part of the research (including the other three chapters) concerns the monastery of San Raimondo in Piacenza during the Benedictine “cassinese” period. The monastery was founded in 1835 on the initiative of Teresa Maruffi (1780-1855), a nun from Piacenza. In the research they have tried to point out the influence of the institution in social and educational field. Actually, the monastery of San Raimondo, preserving the cloister-contemplative character of the community that resides there, has played and still plays an important role both from an educational point of view and an apostolic point of view in pastoral and social field.