Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sales – European Union countries / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sales – European Union countries.

Journal articles on the topic 'Sales – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sales – European Union countries.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Yaw Acheampong, Timothy. "Impact of Covid-19 on e-Commerce in the European Union." ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion 7, no. 1 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54820/vprd4547.

Full text

Abstract:

The advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution has made it inevitable for firms worldwide to modify their business models to integrate ICTs into their operations. The lockdown measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have accelerated this process as many businesses, particularly in the hospitality industry, had to shut down their operations. Others also had to resort to conducting their businesses solely online. Thus, it has been argued that e-commerce has thrived during the lockdown period. Concentrating on the current 27 European Union (EU) member countries, this paper seeks to answe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Gherghina, Ștefan Cristian, Mihai Alexandru Botezatu, and Liliana Nicoleta Simionescu. "Exploring the Impact of Electronic Commerce on Employment Rate: Panel Data Evidence from European Union Countries." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 7 (2021): 3157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070172.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of electronic commerce on employment rate for a sample covering the whole 27 Member States of the European Union (EU-27), from 2010 to 2019. Moreover, this research explores the clusters of nations with reference to electronic commerce adoption and employment rate dynamics. The outcomes of cluster analysis show that Western Europe reveals the most developed e-commerce marketplace in EU-27, shown by Internet accessibility and high penetration rate of digital tools, and the lowest figures are registered in the Eastern part of Europe. Furthermo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Trolldal, Björn. "Alcohol sales figures in 15 European countries: corrected for consumption abroad and tax-free purchases." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18, no. 1_suppl (2001): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250101801s02.

Full text

Abstract:

Björn Trolldal: Alcohol sales figures in 15 European countries: corrected for consumption abroad and tax-free purchases The official sales statistics in a country do not, for various reasons, represent the actual consumption of alcoholic beverages among the inhabitants. In this study, the official sales statistics in 15 European countries are corrected for the inhabitants' consumption during journeys abroad, foreign tourists' consumption within each country, and for the purchases of tax-free alcohol. The consumption by inhabitants of the ECAS area during journeys abroad was equivalent to 1.2 p

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Radojko, Lukic. "EMPLOYEE COSTS OF DISTRIBUTION TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SERBIA." BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 3 (2022): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2022.12.3-05.

Full text

Abstract:

The issue of distribution trade cost analysis is continuously topical, significant and complex. Due to the fact that costs, in addition to sales revenue, affect the realization of the target profit in the distribution trade, it is necessary to manage costs in distribution trade as efficiently as possible by applying modern concepts. Starting from here, this paper comparatively analyzes the impact of employee costs (personnel costs) on the efficiency of distribution trade between the European Union and Serbia. In this context, it was determined that Germany, France and Italy (leading countries

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Fertő, Imre, Štefan Bojnec, József Fogarasi, and Ants Hannes Viira. "Agricultural soft budget constraints in new European Union member states." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 1 (2019): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000395.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article investigates farm investment behaviour and the presence of soft budget constraints in the agricultural sectors of three Central and Eastern European countries – Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia – using individual farm accountancy panel data for the 2007–2015 period. Gross farm investment is positively associated with gross farm investment for the previous year, growth in real sales and public investment subsidies. Mixed results for debt square and cash flow variables imply that the different investment behaviour of farms pertains to different structures of investment sources

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ramadhan, Muhammad Rheza, and Anindya Fauziyah Basuki. "ANALISIS KOMPARASI KEBIJAKAN PERPAJAKAN TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE YANG BERLAKU DI INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA LAIN (UNI EROPA, AUSTRALIA, KOREA SELATAN, INDIA, TIONGKOK, AMERIKA SERIKAT, DAN JEPANG)." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 1, no. 3 (2021): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v1i3.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Indonesia has experienced an increase in users of e-commerce platforms, resulting in increased income for sellers, both individuals and entities, who conduct online sales transactions. Therefore, the Indonesian government sets a tax policy for online sellers. However, the Indonesian government still has several obstacles, one of which is that e-commerce transactions have an eternal nature. To answer these problems, the author compares the taxation policies on e-commerce transactions that apply in Indonesia with the tax policies on e-commerce transactions that apply in other countries, namely t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dumitru, Ionuţ, and Ionela Dumitru. "Are Firms from European Union Financially-Stressed Countries More Credit Constrained?" Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 18, no. 1 (2024): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2024-0010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Using a large microdata database from the European Commission and European Central Bank survey (Survey on Access to Finance of Enterprises), we investigate in this paper what factors are playing a significant role in explaining why companies from European Union are credit constrained, and if the firms from financially stressed countries are more credit constrained. We found that smaller companies are more likely to be more credit constrained than larger companies in all our estimated models. The impact of the age of the firm on credit access is found to be mixed. A positive performanc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Petrova, Simeonka. "ANALYZING E-COMMERCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: DEPENDENCIES AND TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 8, 2025): 265–70. https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2025vol2.8615.

Full text

Abstract:

The presented study analyses the implementation of e-commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises in the countries of the European Union. The main objective of the study is, based on analysing the sales of small and medium-sized enterprises in e-commerce by enterprise size and the relative share of turnover obtained from e-commerce, during the period 2013-2023, to identify the emerging dependencies, as well as to establish development trends. The importance of the digitalization of the business of small and medium-sized enterprises through e-commerce is emphasized. Development trends are est

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gojani, Skender, and Granit Curri. "Contract for international sale of goods – Cisg its importance and applicability." Technium Social Sciences Journal 21 (July 9, 2021): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v21i1.3687.

Full text

Abstract:

Contractual contests in international sale transactions mainly derive from languages, cultures, traditions, views and different legal terms of contractors in different countries worldwide. In international legal-business relations, problematic issues are inevitably outnumbered and different, thus, more difficult to be sovled. International legal-business transactions, on the other hand, are of particular importance, especially in the continuum and intences of political-economic globalization and integrations of the countries with more developed economy in different international structures suc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania. "Eco-innovation and International Competitiveness of Enterprises Results for European Union Member States." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 23, no. 1 (2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.23.03.

Full text

Abstract:

Intensive global warming, declining natural resources, and pollution are the factors influencing the wider debate about what creates a “green economy.” Taking the above into account, the purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the eco-innovation performance of European Union members and, at the same time, their overall level of innovativeness. The paper also provides insights into the role of eco-innovation as the driving force for the international competitiveness of enterprises from European Union countries. The results at the macro level show that there is a strong interdependenc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Burinskienė, Aurelija, and Vita Marytė Janušauskienė. "Innovations in the Practice of Production and Trade Enterprises in EU Countries." Ekonomia 22, no. 1 (2016): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.22.1.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Innovations in the Practice of Production and Trade Enterprises in EU CountriesModern theories are increasingly focusing on innovations. Scientific literature states that the implementation of innovations causes increase in sales volume: enterprises are improving the organization of production and trade methods, reducing production and trade costs, producing and selling competitive products as a result of technological progress. Technological progress also influences the development of production and trade prospects. Although the implementation of innovations is different, the main aspects are

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Brągiel, Elżbieta, and Bogusław Ślusarczyk. "Tendencje na europejskim rynku żywności ekologicznej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 3 (2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.3.50.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the article is to analyze the size of sales, consumption of organic products and trends observed on the organic food market in individual European countries – especially in the EU. The basis for the analysis was IFOAM and FIBL data from the years 2000-2015, as well as foreign and domestic literature of the subject. The following final conclusions were drawn: a greater increase in the volume of sales of organic products over the determined fifteen years is observed in Europe than in the group of countries in the European Union. The highest sale of organic products in 2014 and 2015 wa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chepeliuk, Marharyta I., and Yaroslav M. Melnik. "Analyzing the Volume of Export-Import Activity of the European Union Market." Business Inform 5, no. 556 (2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-5-26-32.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the export-import activity of Ukraine in the markets of the European Union (EU), with an emphasis on fat-and-oil products. The full-scale invasion of Ukraine forced to strengthen economic ties with partner countries due to a decline in export-import operations. It is determined that the fat-and-oil industry is one of the key ones in the agro-industrial sector of the EU and plays an important role in ensuring the food security of countries. An analysis of the dynamics of exports and imports of margarine in the following EU countries: Poland, Slov

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

HERMAN, KLAUDIA, ANNA NOWACZEK, RENATA URBAN-CHMIEL, EWELINA PYZIK, and MARTA DEC. "Ograniczanie zużycia antybiotyków w leczeniu zwierząt na terenie UE na podstawie raportów Europejskiego Nadzoru nad Weterynaryjnym Spożyciem Substancji Przeciwbakteryjnych." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 80, no. 10 (2024): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6919.

Full text

Abstract:

Misusage of antimicrobial substances in human and veterinary medicine may lead to increased occurrence of multidrug resistant bacteria, which causes a serious risk to public health. In order to monitor usage of antibiotics in the European Union, in 2009 the European Medicines Agency launched a project of European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC). The report presents data on the amount of antibiotics used as a part of treatment of infectious diseases in various species of animals in 31 European countries. The main aim of this article is to present newest statistical

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Araújo, José Lincoln Pinheiro, and José Luis Lopez Garcia. "A study of the mango market in the European Union." Revista Econômica do Nordeste 43, no. 2 (2016): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.61673/ren.2012.207.

Full text

Abstract:

This study describes the mango market in the European Union, the largest importer of Brazilian mangos. For such, we find support in the in-depth interview method for obtaining information from importers, wholesalers and supervisors of horticultural sectors of supermarkets and fruit shops in Spain as well as import agents from other EU countries. The results showed an upward trend for mango consumption in the European Union. With regard to the market behavior of the main mango varieties, we realized that Tommy Atkins mango is classified in two stages of sales lifecycle: maturity and decline; Ke

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Guth, Marta, Maryla Bieniek-Majka, and Silvia Maican. "MARKET ADJUSTMENTS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS TO CHANGING DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AFTER 2012." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (2019): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3063.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the article was to indicate selected distribution channels in groups and organizations of fruit and vegetable producers in countries with different agrarian structures and cultures of horizontal organization, as well as identify differences in preferred distribution channels. Based on the literature review, changes in the supply chain of agri-food products were presented and the growing importance of retail chains was pointed out. Using the data obtained from the European Commission, the weight of individual distribution channels was presented, and by Ward agglomeration cluster

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rysz, Maria. "CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SALES OF APPLES IN POLAND AFTER the ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 3 (2018): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1509.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in Polish foreign trade in apples between 2004 and 2016. The paper analyses quantitative and valuable changes in export, import and the balance of Polish apples turnover. There are also presented main sales directions of apples in Poland. As shown in the data, the foreign trade of Polish apples has been continuously growing since the accession to the European Union. The data show that continuously since 2004, despite the turbulence in 2005-2008, 2014-2016 (Russian embargo and bad weather conditions in 2007 and 2010), there has been a positive b

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Safonova, Tamara Yu. "Transformation of Russian Oil Sales Markets Taking Into Account Sanctions Pressure." Administrative Consulting, no. 1 (169) (June 7, 2023): 52–62. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-1-52-62.

Full text

Abstract:

Against the background of the sanctions pressure of the coalition of G7 countries, the European Union and Australia (hereinafter referred to as the coalition) on the Russian energy sector, the introduction of a “ceiling” of prices for the sea transportation of Russian oil, starting from December 5, 2022, it is necessary to transform the traditional flows of oil cargo from Russia to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In this regard, in order to identify the potential for the growth of supplies to friendly countries,it is important to assess the existing capacit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

HUSHTAN, Tetiana V. "LOGISTICS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINIAN TRADE ENTERPRISES ENTERING THE MARKETS OF EU COUNTRIES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 1 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-1-32.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject of study. Logistics processes in the activities of trade enterprises in the conditions of European integration are considered. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to study the logistics processes in the activities of Ukrainian trade enterprises entering the markets of the EU in the context of significant global changes. © Наталія Володимирівна Лагодієнко, Лариса Борисівна Скляр, 2021 Research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the position of theories of enterprise economics, trade, logistics, strategic management, systems and economic growth in the c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Genchev, E. "ASSESSMENT OF E-COMMERCE IN BULGARIA AND EUROPEAN UNION TRENDS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.060.

Full text

Abstract:

E-commerce is increasingly entering the economies of the countries of the European Union. According to the last publication of "E-marketer", this is one of the few sectors that manage to have over a 16 % annual growth rate in 2020 (down from 20,2% last year) (1). Its advantages are indisputable, but is it likely a country as Bulgaria to be successful in its implementation? Purpose: The article aims to present some characteristics of e-commerce in Bulgaria during the 2012-2019 period. Methods: To conduct a comparative analysis with the European Union in terms of some key criteria, such as (grow

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Pivk Kupirovič, Urška, Krista Miklavec, Maša Hribar, Anita Kušar, Katja Žmitek, and Igor Pravst. "Nutrient Profiling Is Needed to Improve the Nutritional Quality of the Foods Labelled with Health-Related Claims." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020287.

Full text

Abstract:

Health-related claims on food products influence consumers and their food preferences. None of the European countries have restricted the use of health claims to foods of high nutritional quality despite the regulatory background provided by the European Union in 2006. We evaluated the nutritional quality of foods labelled with claims available in the Slovenian market using two nutrient profile models—Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) and European World Health Organization Regional office for Europe model (WHOE)—and compared the results to the nutritional quality of all available fo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Janiszewska, Dorota, and Luiza Ossowska. "Wybrane aspekty oddziaływania rolnictwa na środowisko w państwach Unii Europejskiej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 1 (2017): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.1.7.

Full text

Abstract:

The main objective of this article is to discuss the diversity of European Union countries based on selected indicators of agriculture's impact on the environment. Figures come from 2013. The analysis was conducted using the cluster analysis. The following diagnostic features were used for the analysis: gross nitrogen balance, share of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the selected country in total greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in all of EU countries, pesticide sales per hectare UAA, the share of ammonia emissions in the selected country in total ammonia emissions of all

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Popescu, Gheorghe H., Jean Vasile Andrei, Violeta Sima, Elvira Nica, Luminita Chivu, and Ileana Georgiana Gheorghe. "A cross-sectional study of factors influencing purchasing cars in European Union – does the electric and hybrid cars change the contemporary business approach?" Journal of Business Economics and Management 25, no. 6 (2024): 1260–82. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2024.22721.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the expansion of the electric vehicle fleet in the context of transport electrification in the European Union. We assessed the car market, following demand and sales trends for electric and hybrid cars. It was explored the possibility of a causal relationship among the percentage of BEV + PHEV in the total fleet and purchasing power, loading infrastructure, government support, the level of education and the degree of digitalization. To achieve the main objectives of the research to assess the existence and magnitude of the causal effects of the considered variables o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Malkowska, Agnieszka, and Arkadiusz Malkowski. "International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010424.

Full text

Abstract:

The structure of international trade in today’s global economy is undergoing transformation. The increase in the importance of services is a clear trend. In Polish foreign trade with the European Union countries, it is transport services that to the greatest extent create the trade surplus. These services significantly affect the environment, which makes it necessary to take measures aimed at the implementation of the green transport principles. The aim of the study was to provide a detailed description of transport services in Polish foreign trade with European Union (EU) countries and to ass

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Korobkov, I. A. "EXPORT OF RUSSIAN MANUFACTURES TO EU COUNTRIES: TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(32) (October 28, 2013): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-5-32-139-145.

Full text

Abstract:

The modernization and specialization of the economy in hi-tech and high-value-added goods is the long term goal defined and set forward within the frame of Russian Federation 2020 Concept for the Social and Economic Development. According to the principles and clauses of the abovementioned document these high-tech and high-value-added products in the long run are intended to be exported to the European Union countries. For the foreseeable future EU will remain Russia’s key trade partner and moreover will play an immense and significant role for the integration of the Russian Federation in the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Glavonjic, Branko, and Richard Vlosky. "Timber-Sale Systems in the Balkan Region." Journal of Forestry 106, no. 4 (2008): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/106.4.206.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract As the economies of the Balkan countries evolve, their forestry sectors are also in transition. In some countries, the forest sector transformation is close to meeting government objectives, whereas in other countries, the process has just begun. The process of forest sector transition is fraught with numerous problems; some because of entrenched past practices, while others are the consequences of a lack of knowledge or vision of how to move forward. One significant challenge for all Balkan countries is the implementation of effective wood sales systems. This article presents results

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Krychkovska, Aelita, Natalia Zayarnyuk, Ivanna Lobur, et al. "Organisational and economic characteristics of the baby food products market in Ukraine and EU countries." Pharmacia 66, no. 2 (2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35279.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents the results of the study of problematic issues of organisational-and-economic character concerning the provision of children with baby food products in Ukraine and European Union countries. It is established that the marketing feature of baby food products in Ukraine is its sales from pharmacies. It has been proved that the cost of baby food products in EU countries and in Ukraine have no price gradation depending on the degree of economic development of the country. The dynamics of development of the Ukrainian market of baby food products, as well as the dynamics of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Krychkovska, Aelita, Natalia Zayarnyuk, Ivanna Lobur, et al. "Organisational and economic characteristics of the baby food products market in Ukraine and EU countries." Pharmacia 66, no. (2) (2019): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35279.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents the results of the study of problematic issues of organisational-and-economic character concerning the provision of children with baby food products in Ukraine and European Union countries. It is established that the marketing feature of baby food products in Ukraine is its sales from pharmacies. It has been proved that the cost of baby food products in EU countries and in Ukraine have no price gradation depending on the degree of economic development of the country. The dynamics of development of the Ukrainian market of baby food products, as well as the dynamics of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Cherepanova, Viktoriia, Petro Pererva, Olha Podrez, Oksana Utienkova та Dmytro Migulin. "ВПЛИВ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ НА КОН’ЮНКТУРИ РИНКІВ ЄС ТА МІЖНАРОДНУ СТРАТЕГІЮ УКРАЇНИ". Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), № 2 (23 квітня 2024): 134–38. https://doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2024.2.134.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the impact of global transformations on changes in the conjuncture of global commodity markets and service markets, as well as on the formation of Ukraine's national strategy for functioning in foreign sales markets. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the positive and negative factors of globalization on the economy and life of countries, including Ukraine; to determine the impact of globalization processes on the conditions of the commodity markets of the European Union and its features regarding stock exchange trading o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Daniłowska, Alina. "SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AGRICULTURE IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXVI, no. 1 (2024): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4322.

Full text

Abstract:

The article aimed to assess the direction and strength of the impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic on agriculture in six of the most important for EU agriculture countries. A comparative analysis of the agricultural activity indicators was the research method. The Eurostat was the data source. The analysis covered different years from 2016-2023. For some indicators the period is shorter because not all data have been available for 2022 and 2023. The research shows that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the agriculture of the EU countries. The immediate adverse effect occurred in the animal producti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Novik, Iryna, Olha Podrez, Olena Proskurnia, and Illia Pryimenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND REGIONAL POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STRUCTURES." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 3 (June 16, 2024): 88–92. https://doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2024.3.88.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes methodical approaches to evaluating the external environment of the European Union in relation to Ukrainian business structures that seek to conduct business in the territory of the member states of the European Union. The European business environment is a part of the global and international one, so it has inherent problems associated with globalization processes and with the formation and functioning of international corporations. Such problems include: specialization and cooperation in the production of goods; application of information technologies and software; digit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Dudek, Michał, and Anna Rosa. "AGEING OF EMPLOYEES IN POLAND COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES: AGRICULTURAL WORKERS VS. OTHER OCCUPATIONS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXV, no. 4 (2023): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0235.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of the ageing labour force in agriculture and the effects of this process have been studied and widely discussed for a long time. The paper aims to determine the level and pace of ageing of employees in Poland compared to other European Union countries, and in particular to compare its scale between agricultural and other occupations. The study uses LFS data gathered in the EUROSTAT database and the comparative method in relation to values of the renewal ratio. The age structure of employees changed noticeably between 2002 and 2022. The proportion of employees aged 50-64 in the gro

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Muratova, Shokhista. "OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR "GREEN" EXPORT OF CONSUMER GOODS." Economics and Education 24, no. 3 (2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss3/a4.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses the process of implementing the foreign trade policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries, in particular the European Union in modern conditions. This process is significantly affected by the slowdown in export growth rates in industry and the need to increase sales of high-tech goods to ensure sustainable growth of the national economy and its competitiveness in the world. The concept of “green” exports has been clarified and considered in the economic and customs aspects, also based on the SWOT-analysis, the weaknesses and strengths of “green” exports hav

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Soava, Georgeta, Anca Mehedintu, and Mihaela Sterpu. "Analysis and Forecast of the Use of E-Commerce in Enterprises of the European Union States." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148943.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzes the use of e-commerce by European Union enterprises. Based on an analysis of the evolution of the percentage of enterprises that perform e-commerce and the share of total turnover obtained from e-commerce, for the period of 2003–2020, a forecast for 2025 was made. These aspects were analyzed for 2015–2020 from the perspective of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), highlighting the importance of e-commerce in the economic growth of each country by analyzing the share of gross domestic product (GDP) obtained from e-commerce in GDP. For studying the evolution of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Cristescu, Marian Pompiliu, Dumitru Alexandru Mara, Lia Cornelia Culda, Raluca Andreea Nerișanu, Adela Bâra, and Simona-Vasilica Oprea. "The Impact of Data Science Solutions on the Company Turnover." Information 14, no. 10 (2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14100573.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores the potential of data science software solutions like Customer Relationship Management Software (CRM) for increasing the revenue generation of businesses. We focused on those businesses in the accommodation and food service sector across the European Union (EU). The investigation is contextualized within the rising trend of data-driven decision-making, examining the potential correlation between data science applications and business revenues. By employing a comprehensive evaluation of Eurostat datasets from 2014 to 2021, we used both univariate and multivariate analyses, a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dhakal, Thakur, and Kyoung-Soon Min. "Macro Study of Global Electric Vehicle Expansion." Foresight and STI Governance 15, no. 1 (2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2021.1.67.73.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzes the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in the world and evaluates the vehicle charging stations based on the European Union (EU) scenario. Initially, the global BEV sales data from 2005 to 2018 are fitted with the two most frequently used econometric logistics and Bass diffusion models. Further, the study identifies the different stage adopters, forecasts the consumption of BEVs, and examines the velocity and acceleration of BEV diffusion. Finally, future charging stations are examined to meet the BEV sales demand. Results suggest that the adoption of BEVs demonst

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Bułkowska, Małgorzata. "Diversification of Polish agri-food trade." International Journal of Business & Technology 6, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2017.6.1.11.

Full text

Abstract:

The embargo introduced in August 2014 by Russia on the food products imported from the European Union caused a strong decline in sales of food from Poland in this country. The aim of the article is to analyse the current trends and prospects of development of Polish agrifood trade with the EU and non-EU countries in 2013-2016. A special attention was paid on changes in geographical structure and the level of diversification of Polish food exports as a result of the export restriction. The analysis shows that the situation on the Russian market influenced the growth of the food exports from Pol

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Vahonova, O. H., L. V. Tymoshenko, V. V. Chornobaev, Ye V. Terekhov, and Yu S. Hosalov. "Foreign trade of organic products in the context of sustainable development." Economic Bulletin of Dnipro University of Technology 86 (June 2024): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/86.106.

Full text

Abstract:

Methods. In the course of study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis – when determining the place of production of organic agricultural products in the general industry structure of Ukraine, as well as highlighting the main advantages of the development of organic agriculture in the Ukrainian economy in the context of ensuring sustainability; system approach – when establishing the relationship between organic production and achieving the goals of sustainable development; general and specific – when clarifying the specifics of trade in organic products on foreign markets in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Atamanchuk, Zоryna A., and Yevhenii O. Pryimak. "The External Trade of Ukraine with the EU Member States at the Present Stage." Business Inform 2, no. 565 (2025): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-2-39-46.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the state of Ukraine’s external trade in goods and services with European Union countries at the present stage and searches for solutions to strengthen the weight of Ukraine’s external trade positions in the European market. The proportion of trade in goods and services between Ukraine and EU countries is determined. A comparative assessment of the volumes of external trade turnover, exports, and imports of Ukraine with European Union countries is conducted in terms of goods and services before the full-scale war, and current trends are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Coetzee, Juana. "A Pluralist Approach to the Law of International Sales." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (April 3, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1355.

Full text

Abstract:

International trade can support economic development and social upliftment. However, people are often discouraged from contracting internationally due to differences in legal systems which act as a non-tariff barrier to trade. This article focuses on the private law framework regulating international contracts of sale. During the twentieth century, the problem of diverse laws was primarily addressed by global uniform law such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). However, uniform law is rarely complete and has to be supplemented by national l

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lukić, Radojko. "Analysis of the efficiency of trade companies in Serbia based on the SAW method." Ekonomski pogledi 23, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopogl2101001l.

Full text

Abstract:

Various methods of multicriteria analysis (optimization) have been developed and have recently been widely applied in trade. With this in mind, this paper investigates the efficiency of trade companies in Serbia based on the SAW method. The results of the research show that out of the ten largest trade companies in Serbia, Delhaize Serbia is the most efficient in terms of operating revenues in 2019. Food retailers are more efficient than petroleum retailers. In principle, foreign retail chains with specific strategies and business models are efficient. In order to improve the efficiency of tra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Tregubov, Aleksey N. "The Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Customs Code of the European Union: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Approaches to Harmonization of the Relationships in the Customs Affairs Sector." Administrative law and procedure 3 (March 4, 2021): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2021-3-72-74.

Full text

Abstract:

The Dynamic development of the economy, increased competition between producers of material goods, and the need to expand sales markets leads to the need to increase trade between countries. Administrative barriers have a significant impact on the speed of movement of goods, and as a result on the amount of material and time costs associated with their movement. The development of international trade, which is directly dependent on the effectiveness of customs procedures, required the approval of common principles and approaches to the simplification of customs formalities, which are enshrined

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

di Sarsina, Paolo Roberti, and Ilaria Iseppato. "Looking for a Person-Centered Medicine: Non Conventional Medicine in the Conventional European and Italian Setting." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep048.

Full text

Abstract:

In Italy, the use of non conventional medicines (NCMs) is spreading among people as in the rest of Europe. Sales of alternative remedies are growing, and likewise the number of medical doctors (MDs) who practise NCM/complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). However, in Italy as in other countries of the European Union, at the present time the juridical/legal status of NCM/CAM is not well established, mainly due to the lack of any national law regulating NCM/CAM professional training, practice and public supply and the absence of government-promoted scientific research in this field. This i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Mai, Ngô Thanh, Le Thanh Ha, Trần Thi Mai Hoa, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen. "Effects of Digitalization on Natural Resource Use in European Countries: Does Economic Complexity Matter?" International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (2022): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12748.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper empirically analyses the influences of the digital transformation process in the business and public sector on natural resources rents. Our paper employs the digital businesses (e-Commerce, including the value of online selling, e-Commerce turnover, e-Commerce web sales, and e-Business, including customer relationship management (CRM) usage and cloud usage) and the digital public services (user-centricity, business mobility, and key enablers), while we deal with the total natural rents (coal rents, mineral rents, natural gas rents, and forest rents). The various econometric techniqu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wüstenberg, Moritz. "Anti-dumping Off the Rails: The European Unions Practice to Alleged Input Dumping." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 9 (2019): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019047.

Full text

Abstract:

For several decades the EU has adjusted the normal value of certain goods in anti-dumping investigations upward, consequently increasing the applicable anti-dumping duties, based on assertions of raw material input dumping in the country of export. Typically adjustments are founded on the assessment that raw materials are sold at a lower price in the domestic market as compared to export sales through so called dual pricing schemes. In the case of certain imports from Russia to the EU, adjustments to normal value are usually based on the premise that energy intensive industries in Russia benef

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Tvrdoň, O., P. Povolný, and R. Presová. "Wine-trade in the Czech Republic in 2000–2003." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 9 (2012): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5226-agricecon.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper focuses on wine imports into the Czech Republic in the period of 2000&ndash;2003 with a&nbsp;special attention paid to the imports from the European Union countries. It describes the results of trade balance in its value and natural expression, as an important impulse for producers, mediators, and traders for increasing their participation in the sales in foreign markets. For the the evaluation of profitability of trade transactions, unit kilogram prices are used. Imports of the particular wines are structured according to the nomenclature of harmonised codes of customs stati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Subhonberdiev, A. S., E. V. Titova, and G. N. Egorova. "Trends and prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the european union." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 4 (2021): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-4-366-370.

Full text

Abstract:

The largest net exporter of traditional energy resources to the EU countries, Russia should take into account the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in European countries, since inter-fuel competition can lead to a decrease in demand for hydrocarbons from Russia in the energy markets of the European Union. Fuel granules (pellets) are gradually becoming one of the traditional types of fuel for generating heat and electricity, as well as industrial steam in various industries… All plant biomass in this scenario accounts for only 2.8 GW. The highest cost of electricity gene

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

ДУХНИЦЬКИЙ, Богдан. "ЗМІНИ АГРАРНОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ УКРАЇНИ З ЄВРОСОЮЗОМ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 326, № 1 (2024): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/10.31891/2307-5740-2024-326-23.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines current situation about foreign trade in agri-food products between Ukraine and the European Union. Special emphasis is placed on its key indicators after the beginning of free trade zone and full-scale war. Differences between the pre-war period and achievements during the war are highlighted. The unchanged product structure of food supplies from our country to the EU market is showed, with a noticeable increase in its total volumes and diversification of the geography of sales in favor for the states with which transport connections were optimal. As an addition, a genera

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania. "Blending Innovation Types in Order to Achieve International Competitiveness. Multi-country Approach." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (August 31, 2021): 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.114.

Full text

Abstract:

The relationship between innovation and international competitiveness is the subject of many research studies. The aim of the paper is to examine the association between the introduction of product innovation individually and in pairs with process and marketing innovation and the exporting of enterprises from 13 European Union countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. The study used anonymized micro data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for 2012-2014. Based on the sample of 98 809 enterprises, 14 models were built using path analysis with the Bonferroni correction, one for t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

ZAIETS, Mykola, and Kostiantyn MELNIK. "Trends in Ukraine's foreign trade in the context of complicated international transportation." Economics. Finances. Law 11/2023, no. - (2023): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.11.27.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Over the past ten years, there has been a decline in the effectiveness of multilateral cooperation agreements within the WTO, resulting in the growing importance of bilateral trade agreements. The EU countries and the UK are among the most important geographical areas for deepening bilateral cooperation with Ukraine, which has been favourably influenced by trade liberalisation as a result of the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement. Improved terms of trade between Ukra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!