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Mahmor, Shafaai Musa. "The conditions of the countervalues of the contract of sale under Islamic law with occasional comparison with English law." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325999.
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Herre, Johnny. "Ersättningar i köprätten : särskilt om skadeståndsberäkning." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Rättsvetenskap (RV), 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1416.
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Kihlman, Jon. "Fel : särskilt vid köp av lös och fast egendom." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Rättsvetenskap (RV), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1477.
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Aboukdir, Anwar. "The timing of the passing of property and risk under the English Sale of Goods Act 1979, the CISG and the Libyan law : the interplay between the principle of party autonomy and the default rule." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25353.
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This thesis attempts to critically and comparatively analyse the issues relating to the passing of property and risk under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods (CISG) and English Law (SGA). The passing of property and risk plays a central role in the area of international legislation in relation to sales contracts. These elements can be the most significant components in contracts of sale between parties, whether in the international or domestic field. The reason is founded on their legal nature and the close relationship between them. The passing of property and risk has been a central issue for practitioners, judges and lawyers dating back to the Roman period and several ideas have been proposed to resolve it. Where the situation is different for contracts of sale in relation to the passing of property and risk, whether in the domestic or international field, it still creates many unresolved problems, because of ongoing changes in the field of modern commerce, which may contribute to unfair implications between the parties. It has been observed in this thesis that both English law and the CISG adopt the party autonomy principle, where the intention of the parties - whether in relation to the passing of property or risk - is the basic rule. However, the difference lies in the default rules. While English law involves default substitutional rules, which apply in cases where there is an absence of an expressed or implied indication regarding the intention between the parties, the CISG lacks such default rules regarding the transfer of property, which could be viewed as its main weakness, although the CISG does involve such provisions with respect to the transfer of risk. This thesis willdiscusses, the legal nature of the rules in relation to the passing of property and risk, and the role of the party autonomy principle, and the impacts and legal difficulties that might arise through the application of these rules, whether they are default rules or based on the party autonomy principle. It will also examine the legal gaps and weaknesses of both legal systems in an attempt to identify such legal difficulties and to find appropriate solutions and remedies.
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Nwafor, Ndubuisi Augustine. "Comparative and critical analysis of the doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods, English law and UNIDROIT principles." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21805.
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This thesis attempts to critically and comparatively analyse the doctrine of exemption/frustration /force majeure under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods (CISG) the UNIDRIOT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UNIDROIT) and the English Law. The doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure is very important in the area of contract and commercial law, it is a doctrine deeply rooted in fairness and allows a party to be excused from performing an obligation in a contract if at the conclusion of the contract an inhibition beyond the foreseeable control of the party happens to render the performance of the contract impossible. However, it is not easy to effectively streamline this doctrine and properly determine its applications. It has been observed in this thesis that, the doctrines of exemption/frustration /force majeure are not exactly the same; this thesis explores in details severally and jointly the various differences and similarities in the interpretations and applications of these impossibility doctrines. For instance, the open and flexible use of words in the definition of this doctrine under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles left much to be desired. Thus, it is one of the succinct arguments of this thesis that couching international law in loose words will work against the uniformity of application of this law, due to the different interpretations national law courts will be subjecting it to. This among other issues retarded the growth and development of the doctrine of exemption and force majeure. Furthermore, English law stance on the doctrine of frustration which can be gleaned from both the Sale of Goods Act of 1979 and the Common law are far from being adequate and need to be updated. This thesis therefore incisively laid bare the applications, interpretations and way forward for the doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure under the legal instruments of focus of this work. The thesis also comparatively compares the relationship between the doctrine of frustration/force majeure/exemption and other related doctrines like mistake, termination, avoidance, risk, and hardship. The thesis is concluded with a Draft Model Frustration Clause (DMFC) which is an attempt to rise above the status quo doctrine of frustration in the extant laws and develop a frustration clause that will be able to provide answers to the many flaws that trail these laws.
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Laemmli, Thomas. "Transfer of ownership in international sales of goods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4434.
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This thesis deals with how ownership is transferred in connection with international sale contracts. It shows what stumbling blocks might be avoided by observing peculiarities of the law applicable to an international sales contract and especially to the transfer of ownership. Thereby, the following legal systems will be taken into consideration: Lex Mercatoria, Swiss Law, South African Law and English Law. The aim of every domestic and international sales contract is to pass the property of goods from one contract party to the other contract party against the payment of a certain price. Contracts of sales whether written, oral or simple because of a conclusive behaviour are always the basis for transfer of ownership. Every international sales contract is governed by a particular national law or by the so called Lex Mercatoria. Since it is in the parties' autonomy to choose the law governing the contract (freedom of choice) it is critical to know what consequence this choice has on transferring the property, or whether this choice has a consequence at all. International sales contracts mean contracts where parties of different countries are involved. Internationality is defined in Article 1 (1) of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter: CISG) as: "This convention applies to contract of sales of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states" . The obligations of the seller and the buyer are stated in Article 30 and 53 CISG. "The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to them and transfer the property as required by the contract and this Convention." "The buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract and this Convention". Section 2 (1) of the English Sale of Goods Act 1979 defines a contract for the sale of goods as: " a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration, called the price." Article 184 Section 1 of the Swiss Code of Obligations (CO) states the following: "A contract of sale is a contract whereby the seller obligates himself to deliver to the buyer the object of purchase and to transfer title thereto to the buyer, and the buyer obligates himself to pay the purchase price to the seller". In South Africa there is obviously no specific act on the sales of goods. Therefore, the requirements for a valid contract have to be derived from common law. Hackwill states that a sales contract is a mutual contract for the transfer of possession of an object in exchange for a price. As mentioned above the contract between seller and buyer is always the basis for the transfer of ownership. However, how the ownership finally transfers in the mentioned legal systems will be established below. All of the mentioned systems of law are more or less based on Roman Law which established the parameters/rules for property law. South African's law of property, sales, and contracts as well as English and Swiss Law can be traced back to Roman Law. Examining this common background by tracing the conceptualization of transfer of ownership in the Roman Property Law will illustrate the extent to which the rules on the transfer of property have evolved since the classical era in order to meet changing needs of modern legal systems.
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Anderson, Harold Andreas. "Economic analysis of risk to goods in transit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27747.
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The rules governing risk to goods in transit contained in the British Columbia Sale of Goods Act are based on a statute enacted in 1893. Although the method of transport as well as the types of goods being transported have changed significantly since that time, the rules have not been modified. The hypothesis explored in this thesis is whether rules governing risk to goods in transit drafted in the late nineteenth century represent efficient rules in the late twentieth century.
The thesis applied economic analysis to the rules to test their efficiency. The rules were tested in the ocean transit environment. It was concluded that the rules were not efficient and required substantial modification. An efficient set of rules governing risk to goods in transit was advanced.<br>Law, Peter A. Allard School of<br>Graduate
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Klingemann, Wiebke [Verfasser], and J.-Y. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kim. "Sales Effects of Undiscounted Surprise Goods / Wiebke Klingemann ; Betreuer: J-Y. Kim." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203211910/34.
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Abudafair, Elhadi Abdallah Idris. "Obligation to deliver the goods and other relevant obligations under CSIG, Sale of Goods Act 1979 and Islamic Law." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726795.
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Rezende, de Azevedo Tadeu. "Dynamic cycles of strategy, marketing and sales : a framework for capital goods industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81067.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138).<br>This thesis proposes a framework to help managers facing growth challenges or commoditization problems in business to business, particularly with capital goods. The framework is based on the proposition that strategy, marketing and sales are cycles that happen with different durations. Strategy defines perspective, plans, position and patterns. It encompasses several marketing cycles where offerings are defined; pricing policies are declared; channels are chosen and promotions are deployed. Several cycles of sales will happen within a marketing cycle with respect to the timing of deals in the specific industry in which the firm operates. The framework proposes the use of strategy-based analysis to identify whether problems and the need for change or adjustment are in the strategy, marketing or sales dimension. Various aspects of strategy, marketing and sales that are relevant for capital goods are presented, drawing on parallels from practical examples based on companies or evidence from the literature. Specific propositions of strategy related to platforms, services and integrated services are presented. Four companies (ABB, GE, Voith Hydro and Rockwell) have been studied to illustrate the thesis. A collection of practices for the implementation and adaptation of changes in the organization are discussed. The thesis concludes that there is no right or wrong approach, and that it is important that managers ensure consistency within these dimensions and with other areas of the firm. Finally, some ideas for the next steps are discussed.<br>by Tadeu Rezende de Azevedo.<br>M.B.A.
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Mahasneh, Nisreen. "The seller's obligation of delivery and conformity under a contract for sale of goods : the approaches of both English law and the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166212.
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This thesis examines the seller's obligations of both delivery and conformity under a contract of sale. In this context, the related rules under both English law (represented by the Sale of Goods Act 1979) and the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 have been explored and compared with each other. It was initially necessary to indicate the importance of the Vienna Convention as a model for unifying the law of international trade. As well as indicating potential reasons as to why the UK is unconvinced that it should become a member of the Convention, as well as briefly examining the previous efforts that led to the conclusion of the Convention. While delivery is not defined under the Convention, the SGA considers it a voluntary transfer of possession. Moreover, delivery under English law takes place independently from the transferral of ownership. The matter of transferring the ownership in the goods is not however, dealt with under the Convention, and should be solved by reference to private international law. According to English law the delivery goods must meet the description in sale by description, correspond with the sample in sale by sample, and in all cases be of a satisfactory quality. The goods must meet a particular purpose where some conditions are met, as well as having to be in the right quantity. Art 35 of the Vienna Convention is considered a counterpart of the said rules. Should the seller however, attempt to exclude his liability regarding the said implied terms, such an attempt is subject to the UCTA 1977 and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations, 1999. In another respect, delivery of the goods may take place actually or constructively, such as delivery by documents, or delivery through a carrier. Furthermore, there are particular rules that control the process of delivery, such as time, place and expenses connected with delivery. Obviously, the intention of the parties plays the essential role in determining these matters. One of the most important issues is the legal effect of the seller's breach of his obligation of conformity or delivery. Here, the buyer is entitled to a wide range of remedies, such as rejection of the goods and avoiding the contract of sale, specific performance, reduction of the price, or damages. The approaches here of both English law and the Convention are distinct in relation to some particular remedies, such as specific performance and reduction of the price.
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Boucard, Hélène. "L' agréation de la livraison dans la vente : essai de théorie générale /." [Paris] : LGDJ, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/494295805.pdf.
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Dotson, Josh. "The demand for U.S. railroad freight service: selected manufactured goods." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13809.
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Master of Arts<br>Department of Economics<br>Michael W. Babcock<br>Many of the railroad demand studies are out-dated, lacking the most recent data. We felt that it is time to re-evaluate the rail markets to determine if changes have occurred in the determinants of railroad demand. This paper examines the effects of industrial production and revenue per ton of railroads on the demand for railroad service for selected manufactured goods. Also there appears to be a fundamental shift in railroad pricing after 2004. Thus a dummy variable for the 2005-2010 period was included in the model. Although there is variation in the price elasticity of demand across the manufactured goods markets, all are price inelastic.
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Fenton, Denise E. "Dispute resolution in consumer goods manufacture-for-export in the People's Republic of China." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22052458a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 7, 2007) "Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution LW6409 dissertation" Includes bibliographical references.
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Bursiek, Chris. "Factors influencing aftermarket parts sales in China: the case of an American manufacturer." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35224.
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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu<br>The China agricultural equipment market represents 48% of the equipment demand in South East Asia, and 16.5% of the global equipment demand in 2005. With John Deere’s market leadership position in the global agricultural equipment business, in order to maintain that leadership, China will have be part of their plans. John Deere started doing business in China in 1976 and has grown to four agricultural machinery factories in the country.
Service parts sales make up an important part of the agricultural equipment business, both in revenue and profit. Margins on service parts sales can be as much as eight times that of new complete good sales. Within China, the John Deere dealer organization in the past has focused primary on selling complete goods, missing out on service parts sales. Successful equipment dealerships outside of China maintain a balance between complete good sales, service parts sales, and service labor sales.
The objective of this research was to determine those factors that appear to impact the amount of service parts a John Deere dealership in China sells. Data was collected for three years and regression modeling used to determine what impact variables had on service parts sales and net service parts sales. The outcome of the research found that there are key attributes of John Deere dealerships along with geographical regions that John Deere can focus on in China to improve their service parts sales.
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Boghossian, Nayiri. "A comparative study of specific performance provisions in the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30286.
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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), adopted in April 11, 1980, is an attempt to unify rules of international trade. A large number of states that represent a variety of legal systems and of degrees of development have adhered to this Convention.<br>As a result of the divergence of approaches and rules in these systems, several issues were debated during the negotiations, among others the remedy of specific performance.<br>This thesis examines the provisions regarding specific performance in the Convention in attempt to reveal the divergence of approaches between Common Law and Civil Law by means of a comparative study of the two systems.<br>The purpose is to assess the extent to which uniformity is achieved in the Convention. The study shows that the solution adopted regarding specific performance was a compromise that threatens uniformity to a certain degree.
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Oloumi-Yazdi, Hamid Reza. "Delivery of international sales of goods- an analytical study of Iranian law and the Vienna Sale Convention." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263235.
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Alkhadhari, Abdulwahab. "Remedies for the breach of a commercial contract for the sale of goods : a comparative analysis between the English Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the Contract of Sale of Goods in Saudi Law." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28672.
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This thesis focuses on remedies for a breach of the Contract of Sale of Goods under English and Saudi law, wherever the Contract is in the course of business. The primary aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse those remedies and how each of the above legal regimes has dealt with breaches. For this purpose, the remedies must be analysed to identify differences and similarities between the two regimes, while at the same time highlighting the weaknesses and strengths of each. In addition, the reasons why the two legal systems have adopted their respective approaches in favouring specific remedies will be considered, in order to determine whether there are any differences in the underlying legal principles affecting the de facto results for the Buyer and Seller. In so doing, the aim is to provide a detailed and ingenious analysis, which may be of assistance in understanding each regime.
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Streer, Jan. "Die Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie im englischen Recht durch die Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002 /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/523584539.pdf.
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Yazdani, Majid. "The place of international sale of goods under Iranian law theory and practice /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59160.pdf.
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Stangenberg, Katrin G. "Die Entwicklung des Bill of Lading in England bis zum Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 /." Münster : Lit, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008771549&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Beers, Lloyd Anthony. "Ships of state maritime policy as foreign policy under the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9340.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of History. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Busse, Michele Conrady Chet Guy. "Got silk? buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.
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Henning, Emelie, and Martin Palmcrantz. "Tacongruity : Impact of congruent music on sales of tex-mex products in a Swedish grocery store." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176778.
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This explanatory study investigated the possible causal relationship between congruent background music and consumer behavior. We studied empirically whether sales of tex-mex products was affected when congruent music was played in conjunction to the tex-mex section of a Swedish grocery store. A field experiment was conducted where stereotypical Mexican music was played in conjunction to the tex-mex section. Previous experiments have tested, and confirmed, the notion that music stereotypically related to a country can prime related knowledge and the selection of certain products if the products fit with that knowledge. Earlier research has also been able to support the notion that consumers tend to spend more money and time in store when congruent music is played. Mexican, Pop, and no music was played during three weekends and sales data on tex-mex products was gathered and analyzed. The results indicate that fewer consumers purchased tex-mex products when Mexican music was played, but those who did spent more money and/or purchased a slightly larger number of tex-mex products. However, the small differences between the music conditions were not statistically significant. The potential reasons for this is discussed in the analysis and lastly, implications for future research as well as managerial implications are discussed.
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Rånman, Cecilia, and Axel Bendes. "To Gift or not to Gift? : Reciprocity at a Durable Goods Retailer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158518.
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Due to intense competition, retail stores are today forced to come up with exciting new sales promotional ideas to remain a relevant choice for customers. Gift giving is a sales promotional tool which has previously demonstrated to increase customer satisfaction and spending - an ideal situation for any retailer. However, gift giving has only been researched and confirmed for retailers that offer consumable goods. It has yet to be measured in a context where it is of greater difficulty for the customer to spend more than planned. This research fills that void by conducting a field experiment at a retail store offering durable shopping products.The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect gift giving has on gratitude, obligation, satisfaction, impulsive buying, and spending at a retail store offering durable shopping products. Through a field experiment, the study tests the effect on these variables of both small and large gifts and explore whether customer spending increases alongside the gift’s monetary worth.To complete the purpose of the study, a case company representing a durable shopping products retailer was selected. A field experiment was setup with two experimental groups and one control group. The results from the manipulation were collected through questionnaires which included questions pertaining to the study’s five variables. The collected data was then analysed through the statistics program SPSS.The only emotion that is affected from providing gifts in this retail environment is obligation, a negative emotion, which in turn decreases customer satisfaction. Since giving a gift only evokes negative emotions, it is concluded that a durable goods retailer should not use gift giving as a sales promotional tool. Additionally, when given a large gift, customer spending decreases considerably. This could imply that gift giving does not work in this retail environment, or that an extraneous variable affected the experiment’s outcome.
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Leach, William H. "Droit de Suite in the United States: The American Royalties Too (ART) Act of 2014." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/927.
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The American Royalties Too (ART) Act of 2014 is the most recent attempt to create a resale royalty, or droit de suite, for visual artists in America. This would entitle visual artists to collect a royalty payment for sales of their work in the secondary market, specifically sales occurring at public auctions. The droit de suite was created in France in 1920, and is now part of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, which protects copyrights internationally. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of droit de suite rights in the United States and abroad, and to analyze the currently proposed ART Act, its limitations, and its potential to create financial benefits for artists.
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Lundgren, Lisa. "The United Nation's Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods : Why is it being excluded from International Sales Contracts?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23882.
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The development of the United Nation’s Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) started at the beginning of the 20th century in order to provide a uniform legal regime for international sales contracts. The development started because of a belief that a uniform international sales convention would contribute certainty in commercial trade and decrease transaction costs for the contracting parties. The Convention was signed in Vienna 1980 and came into force in 1988 after securing the necessary number of ratifications. The CISG is automatically applied to international sale contracts in certain given situations but the contracting parties are free to exclude the Convention as applicable law in favour of another regulation. As of today, more than 25 years after the CISG came into force, the Convention is commonly being excluded as the governing law of international sales contracts. By studying surveys and academic writings, certain factors can be derived as reasons prior to an exclusion of the CISG. The factors can be referred to as unfamiliarity, time and costs, negotiation strength and standard form contracts or standard terms. Regarding unfamiliarity, the importance given to the Convention in law faculties within the signatory states, together with time and costs attributed to a familiarization process, seems to play an important role. Moreover, the Convention is associated with problems regarding a non-uniform interpretation of the Convention’s provisions within the national courts and arbitral tribunals, as well as regarding its incompleteness, meaning that there are gaps that need to be filled by national law. These problems affect the Convention’s ability to provide potential users with legal certainty and predictability, which in turn may affect the familiarity with the Convention and hence have an impact on an exclusion of the CISG.
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Půčková, Kateřina. "Analýza přínosu obchodního zástupce pro vybranou firmu se zaměřením na nezávislý trh." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74501.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze benefits of Sales representative for a chosen company. As an Intern in the position of Sales representative in Procter&Gamble (in cooperation with p.k. Solvent), which is leader in the market, had the author chance to meet the organisation of direct sales and is offering thus to the reader of this thesis a successful model of direct sales, which is used in this company. First two captures are based on theoretical point of view of this matter. Further parts describe methods, which are used in P&G (p.k. Solvent). In those are companies described as a whole and give figure about organization of sales and pillar of the work of Sales representative -- Seven steps of business appointment. Next captures are oriented on an example which was taken from the month July 2010. Author is in the last part evaluating and summing up the real benefits of Sales Representative and is also suggesting possible ways for improvement. This thesis is mainly dedicated for a managers or companies who are thinking about implementing of direct sales model as an instrument of sales and also for team leaders who are already leading a group of SR.
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Busse, Michele Conrady. "Got silk? : buying, selling, and advertising British luxury imports during the Stamp Act Crisis /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3993.
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unal, belgin. "The Role of Dynamic Capabilities in Outsourcing Sales and Marketing Functions: A Resource-Advantage Perspective in the Context of Consumer Packaged Goods." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/marketing_diss/20.
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Outsourcing refers to contracting out the functions to a third party instead of conducting them in-house. The main contribution of this dissertation is to develop and test a model of successful outsourcing in the accomplishment of headquarters selling task. Specifically, it intends to (a) provide a theoretical framework for outsourcing partnership performance, (b) explore the potential complementarities construct in the context of a dyadic outsourcing relationship, (c) examine the role of learning dynamic capabilities in turning potential complementarities into outsourcing success, and (d) explicate the role of structural social capital as an antecedent to learning dynamic capability construct . The conceptual framework of the model is based on the resource-advantage theory which posits that resources, potential complementarities and dynamic capabilities are explicated as sub-constructs. The pool of respondents who are the practicing managers of outsourcing in the consumer packaged goods industry was used to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings showed that the learning dynamic capabilities construct is the most important factor affecting in the outsourcing partnership performance in the context of headquarters selling task. The task-related resources of the outsourcer had a significant positive effect on potential complementarities. However, the positive effect of the outsourcee’s task-related resources on potential complementarities was not significant. Likewise, the positive effect of the potential complementarities on the outsourcing partnership performance did not emerge as significant. The effect of structural social capital of the outsourcer had a significant but negative influence on learning dynamic capabilities. The positive effect of structural social capital of the outsourcee on learning dynamic capabilities and the moderating role of learning dynamic capabilities were found to be insignificant.
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Dahl, Martina, and Anna Johnsson. "Extending the Understanding of Sales promotions’ Influence on Brand Knowledge : A Quantitative Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44946.
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Title: A quantitative study extending the understanding regarding the influence of sales promotion on brand knowledge Background: Sales promotion is a marketing communication activity that aims to promote a purchase, usage or trial of a particular brand. Sales promotion activities can provide significant benefits and incentives that could help the brand to differentiate from competitors and can contribute to the consumer’s brand knowledge. Prior to this thesis, there has been little attempt to integrate research to determine the relationship between the use of sales promotions and brand knowledge, which is why this study intends to extend the existent understanding. Purpose: The aim of this study is to extend the understanding regarding the relationship between sales promotion and brand knowledge and its drivers. Research questions: R1: What influence does monetary promotions have on brand awareness? R2: What influence does monetary promotions have on brand image? R3: What influence does non-monetary promotions have on brand awareness? R4: What influence does non-monetary promotions have on brand image? Hypotheses: H1: Monetary promotions of a brand influence brand awareness H2: Non-monetary promotions of a brand influence brand awareness H3: Monetary promotions of a brand influence brand image H4: Non-monetary promotions of a brand influence brand image Methodology: In order to test the hypotheses a quantitative research approach was conducted and a questionnaire was used to collect data from Swedish consumers, the data was analyzed in the IBM SPSS program to find out if the hypotheses was supported or rejected. Conclusions: H1,H3 and H4: May from this study be supported. H2: May from this study be rejected.
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Sabbir, S. M., and Tadele Worku Birmeji. "A Comparative Study between Price and Non-Price Sales Promotional Strategy in the Introduction Stage of Consumer Products." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35124.
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<p>Either it is because of some significant active trends in the business world, or the attractive cut of cost and increase in profit, companies now days are focusing on sales promotion activities. But in reality, most of companies that are introducing new products are not getting what they intend to get. They are facing loses. One of the reasons is lack of understanding which specific sales promotion is preferable at that stage.</p><p>As the authors described on the background of the study, a lot of studies have been done to indicate preferable sales promotional tools for consumer’s goods. Even though those studies have found significant results, there is still a gap which needs further investigation. According to those studies, the result that indicates the more preferable sales promotional tool have to be tested under different discount magnitude range and variety of products.</p><p>Based on the above gap the study has been undertaken with the purpose of comparing two dominant sales promotional tools: price and non-price sales promotion. This comparison has been done on three new different consumer goods that have different characteristics. The authors believe that this will contribute to fill the gap on the findings of previous researches on the area of sales promotion.</p><p>To fulfill the purpose of the study, descriptive and comparative type of study has been conducted by using controlled field experiment. Data has been collected by using structured questionnaire from three undergraduate classes of Umea University, Umea, which are (i.e., classes) selected using judgmental sampling. Collected data has been analyzed using SPSS-descriptive statistics.</p><p>The result reveals that, consumers of newly introduced consumer good will use the price of the product as a cue for a quality and prefer to have cash discount rather than gift offers. More ever, marketing stimuli (i.e. sales promotion) can have impact on the occurrence of the impulse buying behavior. Therefore, companies that are introducing a new consumer product and using price sales promotion as a strategy are more likely to attract new consumers and create impulse buying behavior, which result in an increase in sales.</p>
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Malik, Sheraz Alam. "Optimising supermarket promotions of fast moving consumer goods using disaggregated sales data : a case study of Tesco and their small and medium sized suppliers." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53834/.
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The use of price promotions for fast moving consumer goods (FMCG’s) by supermarkets has increased substantially over the last decade, with significant implications for all stakeholders (suppliers, service providers & retailers) in terms of profitability and waste. The overall impact of price promotions depends on the complex interplay of demand and supply side factors, which has received limited attention in the academic literature. There is anecdotal evidence that in many cases, and particularly for products supplied by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), price promotions are implemented with limited understanding of these factors, resulting in missed opportunities for sales and the generation of avoidable promotional waste. This is particularly dangerous for SMEs who are often operating with tight margins and limited resources. A better understanding of consumer demand, through the use of disaggregated sales data (by shopper segment and store type) can facilitate more accurate forecasting of promotional uplifts and more effective allocation of stock, to maximise promotional sales and minimise promotional waste. However, there is little evidence that disaggregated data is widely or routinely used by supermarkets or their suppliers, particularly for those products supplied by SMEs. Moreover, the bulk of the published research regarding the impact of price promotions is either focussed on modelling consumer response, using claimed behaviour or highly aggregated scanner data or replenishment processes (frameworks and models) that bear little resemblance to the way in which the majority of food SMEs operate. This thesis explores the scope for improving the planning and execution of supermarket promotions, in the specific context of products supplied by SME, through the use of dis-aggregated sales data to forecast promotional sales and allocate promotional stock. An innovative case study methodology is used combining qualitative research to explore the promotional processes used by SMEs supplying the UK’s largest supermarket, Tesco, and simulation modelling, using supermarket loyalty card data and store level sales data, to estimate short term promotional impacts under different scenarios and derive optimize stock allocations using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). ii The results suggest that promotions are often designed, planned and executed with little formalised analysis or use of dis-aggregated sales data and with limited consideration of the interplay between supply and demand. The simulation modelling and MILP demonstrate the benefits of using supermarket loyalty card data and store level sales data to forecast demand and allocate stocks, through higher promotional uplifts and reduced levels of promotional waste.
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Štencel, David. "Analýza prodeje hudby prostřednictvím Internetu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15947.
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The aim of this thesis is to create a comprehensive view of current developments in the music market, to explore the position of digital distribution in comparison to the distribution in the high street shops and to analyze current trends in the distribution of digital music. At the same time, this thesis could be interesting for readers because, today there is no current publication in Czech, in which the subject would be so comprehensively addressed. The goal of the first chapter is to briefly map the distribution of intangible goods and services over the Internet. The second chapter aims to analyze the distribution of digital music, to compare its success with distribution in the high street shops and examine current trends and possible future developments. The aim of the final chapter is to examine the services of the most important digital music distributors in the world as well the Czech market and also point out weaknesses and opportunities for improving customer service.
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Marchand, Sylvain. "Les limites de l'uniformisation matérielle du droit de la vente internationale : mise en oeuvre de la Convention des Nations Unies du 11 avril 1980 sur la vente internationale de marchandises dans le contexte juridique suisse /." Bâle [u.a.] : Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/278947883.pdf.
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De, Stadler Elizabeth Briers. "The scope of the application of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 in the context of the sale of defective goods in comparative perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27809.
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The Consumer Protection Act 68 ('the CPA') came into effect on 31 March 2011. In broad terms, the purpose of the CPA is to promote the social and economic welfare of consumers. Specific reference is made to reducing disadvantages suffered by vulnerable consumers. The question posed in this thesis is whether the scope of the application of the CPA in relation to transactions for goods is consistent with the purpose of the Act, but also how it compares to the approaches taken in the European Union, United Kingdom and Australia. It is argued that the application provisions are not always fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations. The following issues relating to the application of the Act are addressed: the approach to the protection of small juristic persons, the omission of a exclusion based on the purposes for which the transaction is concluded, the onus of proof, the exclusion of transactions outside the ordinary course of business, the definition of 'supplier', whether transactions should be 'for consideration' in order for the consumer to qualify for protection, whether the whole supply chain should be liable and whether all goods should fall within the scope of the Act. Recommendations on these issues are made in light of rationales for consumer protection legislation, proposed criteria for evaluating such legislation (namely whether the legislation is fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations) and comparative research. Suggested amendments to the wording of relevant sections in the Act are made in the final chapter.
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Masa'deh, Aymen Khaled. "Compensatory damages for breach of warranty of quality : an analysis of the recoverability and quantification of compensatory damages under the Sale of Goods Act, the American Uniform Commercial Code and the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6a49540c-cf4e-4d47-aa1f-da4e2bab8401.
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Bruwer, Juan-Pierré. "The relationship(s) between the managerial conduct and the internal control activities of South African fast moving consumer goods SMMES." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2357.
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Thesis (DTech (Internal Auditing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>Although South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an imperative role in the stimulation of the national economy, previous research studies show that these business entities have severe sustainability problems as approximately 75% of these business entities fail after being in operation for only three years. The latter dispensation is pinned on the belief that South African SMMEs make use of inadequate and/or ineffective internal control systems. Taking into account that a system of internal control comprises five inter-related elements, as well as the fact that management is responsible for the internal control in their respective business entities, this research study placed focus on determining the relationship which exist between the managerial conduct of management and the internal control activities evident in South African fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) SMMEs. In order to achieve the latter, two literature reviews were conducted (see Chapter 2 and Chapter 3) and, in turn, quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire and analysed accordingly through both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (see Chapter 5). Based on the analysed data, a very weak negative statistically significant relationship was identified between the managerial conduct of management and the internal control activities evident in South African FMCG SMMEs. Regardless of the very weak negative statistically significant identified relationship, the results vindicate the importance of appropriate managerial conduct, as well as adequate and effective internal control activities. Stemming from this, a new proposed framework (Control Legacy-K Framework) was developed which South African FMCG SMMEs can implement to help enhance their overall sustainability which, in turn, can help them fortify their continuation rate in the foreseeable future (see Chapter 6).
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Ruangvichatron, Jumpita. "Breach of contract in international sale of goods : an evaluation of the 1980 Vienna Sales Convention and the 1994 UNIDROIT principles as compared with English law and the (US) Uniform Commercial Code." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302569.
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Pokorná, Kristýna. "Úloha spotřebitelských soutěží v komerčních komunikacích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75103.
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The thesis deals with the role of consumer contests in commercial communications. The aim of this thesis is to assess their role in communication mix. The theoretical part analyzes consumer contests as one of sales promotion tools and describes their specific features. The practical part stems from my field research and examines whether consumer contests have any impact on purchase decision and on brand awareness.
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HUANG, Chien-Chih, and 黃建智. "A Study of The Regulatory Regime of Multi-level Sales In Intangible Goods Under Taiwan’s Fair Trade Act." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e4pwb3.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>海洋法律研究所<br>102<br>Abstract
The purpose of this thesis discusses the promotion or sales of intangible goods in multi-level marketing. The operation of multi-level marketing depends on the development of interpersonal relationships, and if works well, it can not only reduce operating costs, increase profits, but also be conducive to the economical growth of the society and the country.
However, any good system can appear defective due to mal-operation or vicious management. Whether the total value of output or the number of participant in the plan or organization of multi-level marketing has made considerable influence on the economic development and stabilization in Taiwan, and if not well administered or regulated, the collapses of pyramid scheme may cause turbulences in society. The restrain of multi-level marketing in Taiwan adopts procedures of report filling for record by multi-level marketing enterprises, there is no strict ban on goods selling or promoting, whatever tangible or intangible. Fair Trade Act in Taiwan prohibits pyramid scheme in particular, and administration regulations concerning any multi-level marketing are to be promulgated by the central competent authority (FTC).
Disputes between enterprises and participants of multi-level marketing occur frequently when participants return the goods or resign from the organization. According to Multi-Level Marketing Supervision Act, the return and resign system or procedure should be filed for record before the enterprise starts to operate and there should be contracts between two parties so that disputes shall not happen. Nevertheless, it is difficult to define the degree of the value decreased among thousands of different kinds of goods. For tangible goods, which can be seen and touched, the recognition of decreased value for two parties can be differed and result in disputes. Not to mention intangible goods, which cannot be seen, smelled, heard or touched. This thesis discusses the deficiency of current regulations and whether there should be ban on intangible goods in multi-level marketing through the disputes over intangible goods promotion in practice.
Keywords：Fair Trade Act, Multi-Level Marketing Supervision Act, intangible goods, pyramid scheme, multi-level marketing, damage or loss of goods or services
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Tsai, Lu-Fa, and 蔡律灋. "Transfer of Ownership in International Sales of Goods." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19509554599957866231.
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CHAO, CHIH-HSIANG, and 趙志祥. "Symbols of goods in the Fair Trade Act." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4sp5h9.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>智慧財產權研究所<br>107<br>Taiwan Patent Law and Trademark Law have been implemented for many years. The owner’s right or protection scope has been clearly defined in the patent and trademark laws. So, anyone may easily understand and judge the scope of the owner’s right in order not to infringe the owner’s right of patent or trademark, thereby reducing the risk for his or her commercial operation. When one’s patent right is expired, product or method, as no longer being protected by patent law, will enter the market for free competition. It may also promote further invention, innovation, or novel technique through research and development. Therefore, the industries or business will be continuously developed and the consumer may purchase cheaper and qualified products from the free competitive market.
“Symbols of Goods” is defined in Taiwan Fair-Trade Act Article 22-1-1. However, the so-called “Symbols of Goods” is not registrable and can not be assessed by a proper Taiwanese government organization. Even a search or analysis has been conducted; it is difficult to completely exclude the infringement against an owner’s Symbols of Goods. This paper is prepared to research and analyse the criterion for judging the Symbols of Goods, and also analyse and study the related law suit cases of RIMOWA in Taiwan and PRC, so as to provide a resolution or proposal for preventing infringement against one’s Symbols of Goods. Otherwise, an ambiguous definition of the right of Symbols of Goods may increase the management risk or infringement danger of the enterprises, and may cause conflict of product design system. Accordingly, a reasonable protection for the owner’s right of Symbols of Goods may be achieved and the cost of unexpected law suits and management risks of the competitive enterprises may thus be minimized especially in view of this paper.
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Chang, Chao-Hsun, and 張昭勛. "A Study of Sales Orders for Convenience Store Perishable Goods." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24457332547825681579.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>103<br>Nowadays, there are convenience stores everywhere, and as the lifestyle changes, people are getting used to eating out. As a result, the demand of perishable goods is increasing quickly. The convenience stores start to provide and develop more perishable goods to attract the clients. However, the perishable foods can’t be preserved for long time, therefore, the prediction of its sales orders is the major issue for proprietors of convenience stores. By adopting good prediction methods, proprietors are able to decrease the waste of perishable goods and correspond clients’ demand to make profit. This study attempts to analyze and probe the best prediction method for the perishable goods sold in convenience stores in Taiwan.
The study adopts Moving Average, Neural Networks, Back Propagation Neural Network and Support Vector Machine to analyze sales information of convenience stores to compare the results of using different prediction methods. We’ve separated the marketing information of three perishable goods from the H convenience store between 2013 and 2014 into two stages. For the first stage, take the sales of wheat products in H convenience store for example, we use the marketing information to conduct analysis, as a result, there is only a few discrepancy between Moving Average and Neural network analysis. But, when we use the Support Vector Machine, the forecasting index shows that Support Vector Machine is better than Moving Average and Neural network analysis.
For the second stage, according to the marketing information of three perishable goods from the B branch store of H convenience store between 2013 and 2014 and the forecasting model of H convenience store, we can analyze the accuracy of Moving Average, Neural Networks, Back Propagation Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. After combining the forecasting model of H convenience store, the result shows that Support Vector Machine is outstanding on the forecasting model of the marketing information of three goods from the H convenience store between 2013 and 2014.
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Wu, Chih-En, and 吳志恩. "Short-term Sales Forecasting of Perishable Goods for Retailing Franchisees." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69391328690242190765.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工業管理系<br>103<br>In a franchisee chain system, the franchise organization grants the right to a franchisee to represent it and sells its products, and franchisee can only order products from the system. Due to buy-out policy of the product ordering, franchisees forecast the demand and control the inventory locally based on their sales knowledge or experience. While the franchisee products are perishable goods with short preservation time, the ordering strategy of franchisees tends to more conservative to avoid the waste. This conservative ordering might lead to profit lose. Therefore, understanding the sales pattern for each store is critical for inventory control and sales promotion. This research aims to develop a prediction model to provide more accurate sales estimation for the perishable-good franchisees. A case study of bakery franchisee stores which sell breads with one-day preservation time was studied, and point of sales (POS) data from multiple franchise stores were collected and analyzed. In order to provide the better sales forecasting in a relatively short period, the data clustering method was used to study sales pattern considering different influence factors such as weather and holiday. The pattern recognition method was utilized to indicate the sales patterns of breads in each store by using the early period of inventory level. The experimental result shows that the indicating sales pattern can be used to predict the sales of the remaining operation hours. The daily prediction on short-term sales provides a systemic method to franchisee for a better ordering strategy.
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Jih, Sheng Chen, and 陳日勝. "Direct Sales Packing of Goods Shipping Optimizer Decision Analysis and CAPS." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8ca3p.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>管理學院資訊與財金管理EMBA專班<br>104<br>Nowadays, e-Commerce is gradually replacing the traditional business model with massive transactions now handles through the Internet. But one of the biggest challenges is delivering goods and services to the customer in a timely manner. The importance of a logistics center is to integrate all aspects from producer to distribution to marketing and sales in order to im-prove corporate competitiveness.
This research simulates the logistics center of a multi-level marketing company. I investigate real cases to achieve a high-efficiency picking process. I try to combine batch orders and the picking process to boast the overall operational performance and productivity of a logistics center. By combining the Computer Assisted Picking System (CAPS) with the EIQ analysis, we create a new formula to increase the overall effectiveness of the logistics center.
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Lee, Yu-Chang, and 李昱昌. "A Research on Distance Sales of Consumer Protection Act." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88746052590068809972.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>法律學系科技法律碩士班<br>105<br>Due to the development of science and technology, people''s life is more and more convenient. The trader can trade with consumers through communication tools, such as television broadcasts, telephones, facsimiles, catalogs, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, flyers, or any other similar channels. However, this trade model will lead to consumer disadvantage. Therefor, the Consumer Protection Act protects consumers and equates the trading position of trader and consumers.
In the Republic of China 104 years, the Consumer Protection Act for major amendments, including the definition of “Distance Sales”. However, the Consumer Protection Law made at the same time no coordination amendments to the relevant regulations in line with them. Thus, it is an issue worth debating and thinking whether need to carry out some improvements to the regulations governing updated transaction models.
Inspired by a lack of update on the “Distance Sales” as mentioned above, this paper, divided into five sectors, intends to explore in respective chapter the problems in relevance to distance sales, and comes up with viewpoints after a review to the current rules of Taiwanese Consumer Protection Act as follows:
Firstly, this paper starts the subject with an introduction to the paper. The second chapter gives an overview to distance sales, and illustrates legally its definitions, relationships of trading environment, characters, types and the development of legal case viewed from Comparative Law. This paper looks at foreign legislation in legislative bodies such as America, Japan or the European Union
Then, this paper would discuss the legal information obligation that the mail order must comply with before making a contract. Its theoretical foundations, legal natures, required contents, ways and periods to inform, as well as the legal effects failing to obey it are under further debate. This paper also deals with the right of unconditional dissolution of contract, followed by discussions about the development process of the system to terminate a contract, its legal characters, and the relevant rules of Taiwan’s Consumer Protection Law.
The chapter four would discuss three classical cases to review the amendment to the Consumer Protection Law amd provides a proposition for lawmaking. The last chapter will summarize all the above discussions and perspectives.
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Chan, Ya-Lan, and 詹雅嵐. "Ordering policy of fashion goods with revenue sharing strategy under sales discount." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18128394033316520029.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>工業工程研究所<br>95<br>Quick response is important for short life cycle products with demand uncertainty. These products cannot be kept to the next period when they are not sold within the marketing period, and they must be salvaged at a lower cost . For example, the department store will use sales discount to sell off those unsold clothes and out of date magazines at a low prices. Unsold fresh foods include vegetables and fruits are discarded. Therefore, the management must consider how to match supply with demand though collaborative contract between the buyer and the seller.
The various collaborative contracts are as return policy, buyback, revenue sharing strategy, quantity discount and price discount mechanism. Former researches only focused on a single strategy. In this research, we also consider quality control of the retail environment and revenue sharing strategies with the suppliers based on market scenario. The unsold goods are offered on special discount on a regular basis. Buyback policy offered by supplies is also used to increase order quantity and customer demand.
In this study, we consider a single-period inventory policy. Our newsboy problem with collaborative contract in developed using the inventory and statistic theory. We use mathematics software to drive the optimization of the total system profit. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the application of the model. It is shown that the optimal wholesale price and order quantity can be derived use revenue sharing and progressive multiple discounts strategies. These strategies result in a win-win situation for the supplier and the retailer.
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"Advertising and promotion of consumer products in PRC: an exploratory study." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886842.
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by Wong Ming-kuen.<br>Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.<br>Bibliography: leaves 47-48.<br>INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>PURPOSE OF STUDY --- p.3<br>Objective --- p.3<br>Hypothesis --- p.3<br>Definition of Consumer Product --- p.3<br>LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4<br>METHODOLOGY --- p.11<br>Literature Survey --- p.11<br>Field Trip --- p.11<br>Screening Telephone Interview --- p.12<br>Structured Questionnaire --- p.12<br>Additional Open-ended Questions --- p.14<br>Design of Questionnaire --- p.15<br>RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.19<br>Sample Profile --- p.19<br>Importance of Marketing Elements --- p.21<br>Effectiveness of Advertising and Promotion --- p.23<br>Trade-Off among Advertising Tools --- p.24<br>Different Promotion Activities --- p.27<br>SUMMARY --- p.31<br>Appendix --- p.32<br>Biblography --- p.47
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Hsieh, Wu-Chao, and 謝武釗. "A Study on Non-Letter of Credit Payment Termsof International Sales of Goods." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91479835465371047860.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>國際貿易所<br>94<br>In past several decades, the payment terms of international sales of goods change a lot. We use L/C in 80s and 90s but now the remittance payment becomes more important payment terms. We assert that the change of international trade environment affects the payment terms. Lately our product structure changes so dramatically that current payment terms are different from those before. Moreover, we should not only focus on the direction of payment terms but take notice of pricing, contract, export insurance, international factoring etc. Accordingly, the companies in our country should pay attention to the change of payment terms to reduce losses incurred.
In past several decades, the non letter of credit payment terms have never been discussed in detail. This study focuses on our companies in relevant industries to analyze their payment terms.
The results of this study are as follows：
1. Risk control is the most important factor that companies decide to choose what terms to be paid. Contrastly negotiation ability is a less important factor.
2. High-tech industries can take more risks than traditional industries.
3. Open Account payment terms become one of popular payment terms.
4. When we making a contract, pricing and payment terms are the most two important conditions.
5. If companies can manage their financial plans effectively and cultivate persons making professional payment decisions, we just can make more profits.