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Widawati, Dieng, Gunawan Widi Santosa, and Ervia Yudiati. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis terhadap Kandungan Pigmen beda Salinitias." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 1 (2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i1.30096.
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Spirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga hijau-kebiruan dalam kelas Cyanophyceae yang mengandung klorofil-a dan fikobiliprotein. Faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan pigmen Spirulina platensis salah satunya yaitu salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kandungan pigmen mikroalga Spirulina platensis pada salinitas yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan mikroalga tertinggi pada (salinitas 15 ppt) sebesar 211.875±1994 unit/mL dan terendah pada salinitas 25 sebesar 141.539±5872 unit/mL. Laju pertumbuhan tertinggi didapat pada salinitas 20 ppt sebesar 0,327±0,019 unit/hari dan terendah pada salinitas 25 ppt sebesar 0,246±0,012 unit/hari. Kandungan klorofil-a berkisar antara 10,622±1,322 µg/mLpada salinitas 30 ppt dan 8,176±2,426 µg/mL pada salinitas 15 ppt. Kandungan fikosianin berkisar antara 0,105 ± 0,041 mg/mL (salinitas 20 ppt) sampai 0,058 ± 0,005 mg/mL (salinitas 30 ppt). Allofikosianin berkisar antara 0,069±0,010 mg/mL pada salinitas 20 ppt sampai 0,042±0,007 mg/mL pada salinitas 30 ppt. Kisaran fikoeritrin antara 0,384±0,159 mg/mL pada salinitas 20 ppt sampai 0,239±0,014 mg/mL pada salinitas 30 ppt. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa salinitas memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan dan laju pertumbuhan, namun tidak pada kandungan pigmen mikroalga Spirulina platensis. Kandungan klorofil a dan fikobiliprotein yang terdiri dari fikosianin, allofikosianin dan fikoeritrin, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada salinitas yang berbeda. Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga in the Cyanophyceae class that contains chlorophyll-a and phycobiliprotein. One of the environmental factors affecting the growth and pigment of Spirulina platensis is salinity. This study aims to determine the growth and pigment content of Spirulina platensis at different level of salinity. The research was carried out from March till April 2020 at the Marine Biology Laboratory and Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Building E, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The research method used was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the highest microalgae density achieved at salinity 15 ppt as 211.875±1994 units/mL, meanwhile the lowest was gained at salinity 25 ppt at 141.539 ± 5872 units/mL. The highest growth rate was obtained at 0.327 ± 0.019 unit/day at salinity 20 ppt, and the lowest was achived at 0.246 ± 0.012 unit/day at salinity 25 ppt. The chlorophyll content ranged from 10.622 ± 1.322 µg/mL at salinity 30 ppt and 8.176 ± 2.426 µg/mL at salinity 15 ppt. The phycocyanin content ranged from 0.105 ± 0.041 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.058 ± 0.005 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt. Allophycocyanin ranged from 0.069 ± 0.010 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.042 ± 0.007 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt, and phycoerythrin ranged from 0.384 ± 0.159 mg/mL at salinity 20 ppt to 0.239 ± 0.014 mg/mL at salinity 30 ppt. The results suggested that salinity had a significant effect (p<0.05) on density biomass and growth rate of Spirulina platensis microalgae, but did not influence on pigment concentration. Measurements of chlorophyll-a and phycobiliprotein content, including phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin indicated that salinity did not affect the pigment concentration of microalgae Spirulina platensis.
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Kinsou, Eliane, Abdou Madjid Amoussa, Armel Clément Goudjo Mensah, et al. "Effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits du cultivar local Akikon de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2021): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.27.
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La tomate est l’un des légumes les plus consommés au monde et au Bénin. Il est largement établi que la salinité agit négativement sur la germination et la croissance et modifie considérablement la concentration des composés bioactives des légumes. Au Bénin, la tomate est cultivée partiellement sur les terres cultivables des régions côtières où la salinité du sol et de l’eau d’irrigation est une réalité. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la composition nutritionnelle des fruits de tomate du cultivar local Akikon. Les plantes de trois semaines ont été arrosées jusqu’à la maturité des fruits avec diverses concentrations de NaCl de 0, 30, 60 et 120 mM. La date d’apparition des premières fleurs, la date de maturation des fruits ainsi que les teneurs en protéines des fruits n’ont pas été significativement affectées par la salinité alors que le nombre de fruits par plante, le poids des fruits, les teneurs en sucres solubles totaux et en sucres réducteurs subissent une réduction significative sous l’effet du NaCl. Par contre, les teneurs en lycopène, en vitamines B6, B12 et C ont connu une augmentation significative avec l’augmentation de la concentration de NaCl. La salinité a donc réduit la production de tomate et amélioré la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits en augmentant notamment ses teneurs en vitamines et en lycopène.Mots clés: Salinité, teneur en nutriments, sucres, lycopène, vitamines.
 
 English title:Effect of salt stress on flowering, fructification and fruit nutritional quality of Benin local tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar AkikonTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most important consumable vegetable in the world and in Benin. It is widely established that salinity acts negatively on germination and growth and considerably modifies the concentration of bioactive compounds in vegetables. In Benin, tomato is partially cultivated on arable lands in coastal regions where soil and irrigation water salinity is a reality. This study investigated the impact of salinity on flowering, fructification, and fruit nutrient contents of a local cultivar of tomato Akikon. Three weeks old plants were irrigated with four NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60 and 120 mM NaCl till fruit ripening. The date of first flower appearance, the date of fruit ripening and fruit protein content were not affected by salinity; whereas fruit number, fruit fresh mass, fruit soluble sugars and reducing sugars contents were significantly decreased by increasing salinity. Moreover, lycopen and vitamins B6, B12 and C contents increased significantly when salinity concentration increased. Thus, salinity reduced tomato productivity but improved fruit nutritional quality by mainly increasing vitamins and lycopen contents.Keywords: Salinity, nutrients content, lycopen, sugars, vitamins.
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Djunaedi, Ali, Chrisna Adi Suryono, and Sardjito Sardjito. "Kandungan Pigmen Polar Dan Biomassa Pada Mikroalga Dunaliella Salina Dengan Salinitas Berbeda." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i1.1347.
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Polar pigments content and biomass of Dunaliella salina are affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on pigment contents and dried biomass of microalgae D. salina. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (P <0.05) on polar pigment and dry biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments were 11.341 mg/gram and 9.644 mg/gram respectively. The highest dry biomass was achieved at 35 ppt salinity treatment at 0.789 gram/L. Keywords: Dunaliella salina, salinity, Polar pigment, Biomass. Kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa Dunaliella salina dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa kering D. salina. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 1 perlakuan dengan 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh terhadap kandungan pigmen dan biomassa kering Dunaliella salina. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 11,341 mg/gram, dan 9,644 mg/gram, serta menghasilkan biomassa kering tertinggi, yaitu 0,789 gram/L. Kata Kunci : Dunaliella salina, Salinitas, Pigmen polar, Biomassa
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Xu, Chenping, and Beiquan Mou. "Responses of Spinach to Salinity and Nutrient Deficiency in Growth, Physiology, and Nutritional Value." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 1 (2016): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.1.12.
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Salinity and nutrient-depleted soil are major constraints to crop production, especially for vegetable crops. The effects of salinity and nutrient deficiency on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were evaluated in sand cultures under greenhouse conditions. Plants were watered every day with Hoagland nutrition solution, deprived of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) for nutrient deficiency, either with or without 20/10 mm sodium chloride (NaCl)/calcium chloride (CaCl2) for salinity treatment. Salinity significantly decreased shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf relative water content (RWC), and specific leaf area (SLA) relative to controls after 4 weeks of treatment and increased chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical yield [Y(II)]. Nitrogen deficiency greatly reduced shoot FW and DW, SLA, and chlorophyll content, regardless of salt treatment. Y(II) and Fv/Fm were reduced by N deficiency and salinity treatment. Phosphorous and K deficiencies, similarly, decreased shoot FW and DW irrespective of salinity treatment and increased chlorophyll content without salt stress. Phosphorous deficiency increased Y(II) under control and Fv/Fm under both control and salt treatment. Salinity and nutrient deficiency also affected the nutritional value of spinach. Salt stress increased carotenoid and flavonoid contents, and reducing power in full-strength Hoagland solution, and decreased leaf ferrous ion chelating ability (FICA). Nutrient deficiency increased reducing power regardless of salinity treatment. Nitrogen deficiency increased anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, decreased carotenoids and flavonoids regardless of salinity treatment, and increased antioxidant capacity under no-salt conditions. Phosphorous deficiency increased carotenoid and flavonoid contents under no-salt condition and enhanced total phenolic content and reduced FICA and amino acid content under salt stress. Potassium deficiency increased total phenolic, carotenoid, and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under non-salt condition, but decreased FICA regardless of salinity treatment. These results suggest that spinach nutritional value could be improved with only moderately or slightly reduced yield through cultural practices that impose either low fertilizer levels or slight salt stress.
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Arihanda, Dea Davita Putri, Suryono Suryono, and Gunawan Widi Santosa. "Kadar Total Lipid Mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata Hibberd, 1981 (Eustigmatophyceae : Eustigmataceae) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Salinitas dan Intensitas Cahaya." Journal of Marine Research 8, no. 3 (2019): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i3.25263.
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Nannochloropsis oculata merupakan alga yang memiliki kadar lipid tinggi dan mudah dibudidayakan karena hanya bantuan cahaya matahari, karbon dioksida dan air laut mampu berkembang biak dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan salinitas dan intensitas cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar total lipid pada mikroalga N. oculata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara laboratoris, dengan Rancangan Faktorial. Perlakuan yang diuji cobakan yaitu A1( Salinitas 33 ‰), A2 (Salinitas 31 ‰), dan A3 (Salinitas 35 ‰), serta B1 (Intensitas Cahaya 500 lux), B2 (Intensitas Cahaya 1500 lux), B3 (Intensitas Cahaya 3000 lux), yang diperbandingkan dengan Perlakuan Kontrol. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil analisis pertumbuhan mikroalga N. oculata dan kandungan lipid dilakukan dengan Analisis Sidik Ragam dan dilakukan uji lanjutan Analisis Duncan Multiple Range Test dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mikroalga N. oculata tertinggi dicapai oleh perlakuan A1B3 (Salinitas 33 ‰ dan Intensitas Cahaya 3000 lux) sebesar 19,927x103±5,454x103 sel/mLdan A3B1 (Salinitas 35 ‰ dan Intensitas Cahaya 500 lux) sebesar 20,779x103 ± 5,874x103 sel/mL. Pola pertumbuhan mikroalga N. oculata untuk semua perlakuan berbentuk kuadratik. Kandungan lipid mikroalga N. oculata tertinggi dicapai oleh perlakuan A3B1 (Salinitas 35 ‰ dan Intensitas Cahaya 500 lux) dengan nilai sebesar 66,5767±1,5257 mg/g dan terendah pada perlakuan A3B3 (Salinitas 35 ‰ dan Intensitas Cahaya 3000 lux) dengan nilai sebesar 38,2010±3,1507 mg/g.Nannochloropsis oculata is one of algae that has high lipid content compared to other algae and is easily cultivated because only the help of sunlight, carbon dioxide and sea water can reproduce well. This aims of the study was to determine the effect of varions salinity and light intensity on the growth and total lipid contents of microalgae N. oculata. The method used was an experimental laboratory method with a factorial design. The treatments applied were A1 (Salinity 33 ‰), A2 (Salinity 31 ‰), and A3 (Salinity 35 ‰), and B1 (Light Intensity 500 lux), B2 (Light Intensity 1500 lux), B3 (Light Intensity 3000 lux), which compare to the Control. The Interaction Treatments were applied on three replicates. The microalga N. oculata and Lipid Contents were analysed using Factorial Approach on Variance Analysis. The Duncan Multiple Range Test was applied to show the treatment which influence the difference result. The highest microalga N. oculata growth showed by the treatment of A1B3 (Salinity 33 ‰ and Light Intensity 3000 lux) with the number 19,927x103 cells/mL ± 5,454x103 cells/mL and A3B1(Salinity 35 ‰ and Light Intensity 500 lux) with the number 20,779x10 cells/mL ± 5,874x103 cells/mL. The growth model of N. oculata for all treatments showed a model of quadratic.The highest lipid content of N. oculata showed by the treatment ofA3B1 (Salinity 35 ‰ and Light Intensity 500 lux) with the number 66,5767±1,5257 mg/g and the lowest on A3B3 (Salinity 35 ‰ and Light Intensity 3000 lux) with the number38,2010±3,1507 mg/g.
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Djunaedi, Ali, Sunaryo Sunaryo, Chrisna Adi Suryono, and Adi Santosa. "Kandungan Pigmen Fikobiliprotein dan Biomassa Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris pada media dengan Salinitas Berbeda." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 2 (2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i2.1736.
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Phyobilliprotein (phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) pigments content and biomass of Chlorella vulgarisare affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on phycobiliproteins pigment contents and biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (p <0.05) on Phycobilliprotein pigment and biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments 1,4426 mg/gram and 1,254 mg/gram and biomass were 0,648 g/L respectively.Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, salinity, Phycobilliprotein pigment, biomass. Kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein (fikosianin dan allofikosianin)dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliproteindan laju pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20, 25, 30, 35, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 1,4426 mg/gram, dan 1,254 mg/gram dan biomassa tertinggi yaitu 0,648 gr/L. Kata Kunci : Chlorella vulgaris, salinitas, pigmen fikobiliprotein, biomasa
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Mahardhika, Donna Nur'Aurelya, Retno Hartati, and Widianingsih Widianingsih. "Pengaruh Salinitas Terhadap Kandungan Lutein Spirulina platensis." Journal of Marine Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i1.34176.
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Spirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga yang mengandung protein tinggi. Mikroalga ini tidak hanya bertindak sebagai sumber protein sel tunggal, tetapi juga memberikan beberapa manfaat lainnya antara lain sumber karotenoid, klorofil, serta sumber mikronutrien. Salah satu kandungan karotenoid yaitu lutein. Lutein memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas pada mata. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa macam faktor lingkungan, salah satunya yaitu salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan lutein pada S. platensis. Metode yang digunakan ialah eksperimen laboratoris. Mikroalga S. platensis dikultivasi dengan tiga perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda yaitu 15, 23, dan 27ppt. Pertumbuhan sel S. platensis diamati selama 5 hari kemudian dipanen untuk perhitungan biomassanya. Biomassa basah hasil kultivasi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut aseton. Ekstrak aseton S. platensis kemudian dianalisis kandungan luteinnya secara spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan salinitas berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan lutein S. platensis. Kandungan pigmen lutein S. platensis yang tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 23 ppt sebesar 0.0113 µg/g. Spirulina platensis is a microalga that contains high protein. This microalga is not only acts as a single cell protein source, but also provides several other benefits, including a source of carotenoids, chlorophyll, and a source of micronutrients. One of the carotenoids contents is lutein. Lutein has benefits as an antioxidant to fight free radicals in the eyes. Microalgae growth is influenced by several kinds of environmental factors, one of which is salinity. This study aims to determine the effect of salinity on lutein content in S. platensis. The method used is a laboratory experiment. Microalgae S. platensis was cultivated with three different salinity treatments, namely 15, 23, and 27ppt. The growth of S. platensis cells was observed for 5 days and then harvested for biomass calculation. Wet biomass from cultivation was extracted using acetone as a solvent. The acetone extract of S. platensis was then analyzed for its lutein content spectrophotometrically. The results showed that different salinity didn’t have a significant effect on the S. platensis. The lutein content of S. platensis is highest at 23 ppt (0.0113 µg/g).
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Mu, Weiyi, Ning Han, Zhi Qu, et al. "ECWS: Soil Salinity Measurement Method Based on Electrical Conductivity and Moisture Content." Agronomy 14, no. 7 (2024): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071345.
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A novel method, ECWS, is proposed for measuring soil initial salinity content (b), based on the soil electrical conductivity EC and soil moisture content WS. This pioneering model rigorously establishes and incorporates the inherent potential correlation among soil bulk conductivity (ECa), soil solution conductivity (ECw), volume water content (θc), and soil salinity content (SSC). First of all, in order to delve the deeper relationship between ECa, ECw, θc and SSC, the soil salinity conductivity conversion coefficient ρa and soil leaching solution salinity conductivity conversion coefficient ρw were employed based on the formula of parallel conducting channels of the soil–water system, and a new measurement model of salinity content was constructed. After that, a mathematical analysis method was used to transform the coefficients of multiple sets of regression equations into matrices to solve ρa, ρw and b. Finally, to validate the accuracy of the proposed ECWS method, verification tests were conducted by utilizing TDR and PWMER sensors. The results with different salinity contents showed that the b size obtained by ECWS model were K2SO4 (1.84 g/kg), NaCl (1.91 g/kg), and KCl (1.92 g/kg). The maximum deviation was less than 0.08 g/kg (relative error less than 5%). The results showed that the influence of different anions and cations on the measurement of salinity content Cl− is greater than that of SO42−, and K+ is greater than that of Na+. This study revealed the relationship between soil electrical conductivity and soil salinity content to a certain extent, and realized the transformation between them, which provided a new method for the measurement of soil salinity content, and also provided a reference for related research on the measurement of soil salinization.
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Kimberly, Faith Dibri, Endang Supriyantini, and Sri Sedjati. "Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Lutein Dunaliella salina pada Salinitas yang Berbeda." BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA 8, no. 1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v8i1.20839.
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Dunaliella salina adalah salah satu mikroalga yang mengandung pigmen lutein. Lutein memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas pada mata. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor lingkungan, salah satunya adalah salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan salinitas terbaik guna mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pigmen lutein pada D. salina. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratoris. Mikroalga D. salina dikultivasi dengan lima perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda yaitu 20, 25, 30, 35, dan 40 ppt. Pertumbuhan sel D. salina diamati selama 9 x 24 jam kemudian dipanen untuk perhitungan biomassanya. Biomassa basah hasil kultivasi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut aseton. Ekstrak aseton D. salina kemudian dianalisis kandungan pigmen luteinnya secara spektrofotometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan salinitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan sel dan kandungan pigmen lutein D. salina. Pertumbuhan sel D. salina optimum pada perlakuan salinitas 30 ppt,yaitu sebesar 125,86 x 104 sel/mL, sedangkan untuk kandungan pigmen lutein D. salina diproduksi optimum pada salinitas 25 ppt, yaitu sebesar 0,0077 µg/g. Dunaliella salina is a microalga containing lutein pigment. Lutein has the role of being an antioxidant to fight free radicals in the eye. Microalgae growth is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, such as salinity. The purpose of this research is to determine the best salinity to optimize the growth and production of lutein pigments in D. salina. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment. Microalgae D.salina was cultivated with five different salinity treatments, which 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt. Growth of D. salina cells was observed for 9 x 24 hours and then harvested for the biomass determination. The wet biomass from the cultivation results was extracted using acetone solvent. D. salina acetone extract was then analyzed for its lutein pigment content spectrophotometrically. The results showed that salinity treatment had a significant effect on cell growth and pigment content of lutein D. salina. The optimum growth of D. salina cell is optimally achieved in 30 ppt salinity treatment at the amount of 125,86 x 104 cell/mL, while for the lutein pigment content of D. salina is optimally achieved in 25 ppt salinity at the amount of 0,0077 µg/g.
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Israt, Jahan, Parvin Shohana, Giashuddin Miah Md., and Uddin Ahmed Jalal. "Effect of salinity on the physiological and biochemical responses of neem." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 4, no. 5 (2018): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1256508.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em>—</strong> <em>The present study was conducted to evaluate the plant growth, physiological and biochemical changes of neem under different salinity levels (4, 8, 10 and 12 dS/m) which have multipurpose use in agroforestry. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, proline and total phenol were investigated 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after treatment imposition. The results revealed that salinity caused significant differences in all the growth parameters and the maximum reduction were observed when plants were exposed to high salinity (12 dS/m) level and minimum were in control treatments. It was found that total dry matter and relative water content were reduced 72% and 40% in 12 dS/m compared to control plants at 120 DATI, respectively. By increasing saliniy 0 to 12 dS/m, the chlorophyll (the photosynthetic pigment) and carbohydrate (the photosynthetic product) content decreased, but increased the level of proline (an amino acid) and total phenol content (an antioxidant) in different days. The highest accumulation of free proline and total phenol content was recorded in 10 dS/m treatment and it was 77% and 59% greater than control plant, respectively. These findings suggest that though growth and biochemical parameters of neem were affected by salt stress, but all the plants survived in different salinity levels. Among all different salinity levels, neem can performed better up to 10 dS/m salinity level could be due to better antioxidant system of neem to cope up with oxidative damage to stressed plants.</em>
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Gikloo T., Samandari, Mehrabi A. A., Jahanbakhsh S., Fazeli A., and Tahmasebi Z. "Investigation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses and Essential oil Yieldof Peppermint under Salt Stress." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 2 (2018): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2644.
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Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.) is aneconomically important medicinal and aromatic plant grown in different areas worldwide. Secondary metabolites were fundamentally produced by genetic processing;however, environmental factors affect their biosynthesis. Salinity is the most important abiotic stress which induces morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants.To investigate the influence of salinity stress (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mMNaCl)on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), proline, Na+ and K+ content, antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), protein, essential oil yield and dry weight of peppermint, a greenhouse study was conducted. The results indicated that salinity had a significant effect on foregoing parameters. Changes in chlorophyll content werepeak and stomata conductivity was a single function. Based on estimations, the highest chlorophyll contentwas recorded for low salinity (60 mMNaCl).The plant proline content was higher in stress condition compared tocontrol plants. The highest proline content observed in 125mM NaClconcentration was two times higher than that of control plants.There was an increase and then decrease in CAT and POX activities, respectively, in lower and sever levels of salinity.A single equation was the best-fit equation for changing PPO enzyme activity under stress conditions.The dry matter has been affected dramatically by salinity and decreased from 11.34g under the non-stress condition to 4.24 g under high stress condition. Essential oil percentage (in dry matter) increased in moderate salinity stress. We found that the amount of essential oil per plant was linearly decreased. So, the highest (9.78 g plant-1) amount of essential oil per plant belonged to control group and the lowest (4.6 g plant-1) wasobserved for full stress condition.
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Wang, Xinhong, Xiaojun Ma, Lulu Li, et al. "Influence of planting region and soil chemical properties on medicinal compound contents in Cistanche tubulosa." Bioscience Journal 41 (May 13, 2025): e41006. https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v41n0a2025-67978.
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Cistanche tubulosa is a valuable herbal remedy in China. In this study, we aimed to identify and analyze how bioactive compounds are affected by planting region and soil properties. Plant and soil samples in desert and alkaline-saline environments were collected, and measurements were obtained for (i) dry weight and medicinal compounds of plant samples and (ii) soil salinity and pH of soil samples. The effect of soil salinity on the medicinal compounds revealed that the dry weight per plant of C. tubulosa was relatively high in low salinity soil. However, under high salinity conditions, echinacoside and verbascoside contents increased. No visible effects of individual soil pH were found on dry weight and echinacoside, verbascoside, and mannitol contents. Regarding the interaction between soil salinity and pH, only mannitol content showed a significant difference. The mannitol content was unaffected by pH in the presence of slight salinity conditions; meanwhile, in severe salinity conditions, high pH dramatically lowered the mannitol content. In loam with saline soil, a lower dry weight per plant was observed but the planting density was higher. The good water and fertilizer retention abilities of loam can lead to a higher yield per unit area. To improve yield and quality simultaneously in the introduction regions, the crucial points for cultivation techniques of C. tubulosa in seashore saline land include a high seed dosage of C. tubulosa and moderate soil salinity.
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Pinto, Ana S., Carolina Maia, Sara A. Sousa, Tânia Tavares, and José C. M. Pires. "Amino Acid and Carotenoid Profiles of Chlorella vulgaris During Two-Stage Cultivation at Different Salinities." Bioengineering 12, no. 3 (2025): 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030284.
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Microalgae are valuable sources of bioactive compounds. However, their production requires strategies to enhance metabolic responses. This study explores how Chlorella vulgaris responds to different salinity conditions using a two-stage cultivation strategy, assessing the change in amino acid and carotenoid content on microalgae over time. First, microalgae were cultivated under optimal conditions, followed by exposure to different salinity levels (150 mM and 300 mM NaCl). Growth kinetics, nutrient uptake, and biochemical composition were analysed, revealing distinct salinity-induced responses. Similar specific growth rates were achieved across all assays, while nitrate removal improved under salinity and phosphate uptake decreased. Amino acid profiling showed significant declines in the content of several compounds and carotenoid content also presented declining trends, although moderate salinity mitigated degradation in key pigments. Principal component analysis identified high correlations between amino acids and carotenoids contents, forming groups of compounds with similar variations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the salinity-induced response of C. vulgaris, offering insights for biotechnology applications. By optimising cultivation conditions, salinity could enhance bioactive compound retention, supporting the development of sustainable microalgae-based products.
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Ms., R.Gowthami, Anandkumar K., K.Anusha, and P.Ariyathangam. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Chlorophyll Content and Relative Water Content of Green Gram under Salinity." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 8, no. 10 (2022): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7267937.
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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> An investigation was carried out in green gram CO8. The objective of the experiment was standardization of NaCl to study the effects of salinity during seed germination of green gram and to study the response of green gram treated with plant growth regulators to salinity. In laboratory study, the standardization of NaCl was done first by using 75mM, 100mM, 150mM and 200mM NaCl. Among the four concentrations, 50% germination was observed in 150mM NaCl and it was standardized for further experiment. The plant growth regulators used were T3: NAA 100ppm, T4: NAA 200ppm, T5: kinetin 50ppm, T6: kinetin 100ppm, T7: GAᴣ 100ppm, T8: GAᴣ 200ppm along with T1: Absolute control and T2: Control (150mM NaCl). The experimental results showed a decrease in seedling growth due to salinity but with the seed treatment with the above mentioned PGRs showed an increased stress tolerance index, chlorophyll content and relative water content. The seeds treated with GAᴣ 200ppm recorded the maximum stress tolerance index (STI) (83.09) as well as higher relative water content (88.44%). While the seeds treated with kinetin 100ppm recorded the maximum chlorophyll content (1.22 gm/g). The whole study revealed that, in laboratory condition, with the imposition of salinity stress by 150mM NaCl, the seed treatment with GAᴣ 200ppm responded better compared to other treatments.
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Hastuti, Endah Dwi, and Erma Prihastanti. "The effect of inundation levels on secondary metabolites accumulation in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) roots under different salinity regimes." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 12, no. 2 (2025): 368–80. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1484387.
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Salinity and inundation are factors that affect secondary metabolites. This research aims to study the range of typical secondary metabolite content in Avicennia marina growing at different salinity levels, analyze the level of inundation that causes peak stress, and examine the impact of inundation stress on A. marina under different salinity regimes. This study used a 2-factor factorial complete randomized design, namely salinity level (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ppt), and inundation level (10, 15, and 20 cm). The parameters measured were tannin content, total alkaloids, and total phenols in A. marina roots analyzed by spectrophotometry method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested with DMRT test. The concentration range of tannins, total alkaloids, and total phenols was 14.29–18.45%, 0.893–1.331 mgQE/g, and 62.7–8.75 mgGAE/g, respectively. Peak stress-induced by inundation in A. marina indicated by high secondary metabolite contents was differentiated based on the salinity regime. Peak secondary metabolite content was obtained from the combination of salinity and inundation of 25 ppt + 20 cm, 20 ppt + 15 cm, and 15 ppt + 10 cm for tannin, total alkaloid, and total phenol content with values of 18.26±0.17%; 1.301±0.021 mgQE/g; and 83.98±2.02 mgGAE/g. The research found that simultaneous effect of salinity and inundation impacted for all metabolites. Our result suggests that salinity has underlying effect on total alkaloid and total phenol concentration in A. marina roots, but not tannin. Inundation significantly affects tannin content, amplifying its effects on total alkaloid and total phenol content.
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Putra, Aditya Nugraha, Martiana Adelyanti, Albert Fernando Sitorus, et al. "Saline-Resistant Paddy Macronutrient Content Response to The Saline Source Distance." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 26, no. 2 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2021.v26i2.63-74.
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The impact of salinity on paddy production in Indonesia was pronounced with an average decline of 6.83% (2015-2019). Salinity interferes with macronutrients' absorption into plants, causing stunted growth (salinity contributed to a 42% decrease in paddy production). One solution to solve the salinity problem in paddy is to use saline varieties. There were very few studies on macronutrient content analysis in resistant varieties response to the salinity source's distance. This research conducted in Jabon Sidoarjo, Indonesia, aims to see the macronutrient response and plant growth to the saline source's distance. This research was conducted in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, using two transects with a length of 2 km and 3.4 km, respectively. The distance between the research location and the salinity source was 10.65 km. The survey used a free grid to adjust paddy fields' location and the presence of resistant varieties. The results showed that the closer to the salinity source, the salinity indicators consisting of Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage, and pH H2O would increase. The increase in salinity then affects the decrease in macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Kalium) in plants. However, tillers and leaves (length and number) were unaffected by high salinity levels in the soil.
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Ismail, A. M. "Effect of Salinity on the physiological responses of selected lines/variety of wheat." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 1 (2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.1.1.
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The effect of different concentrations of salinity (NaCl up to 250 mM) was studied on the germination, dry matter production and some relevant metabolic parameters of two lines (Sakha 69 and Sakha 164) and one variety (Stork) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). During the germination and seedling stages the experimental lines tolerated lower and moderate doses of salinity, while the variety was significantly retarded at the lower and moderate levels and completely inhibited at higher doses of salinity. The water content remained more or less unchanged in the two lines under saline conditions, whereas in Stork increasing salinity resulted in a significant decrease in water content. A stimulation of the net photosynthetic rate in both lines, Sakha 69 and Sakha 164, was observed at moderate salinity, but the highest levels proved to be inhibitory. In the Stork variety all salinization levels inhibited photosynthetic activity. The respiration rate in the two tested lines was influenced from salinity levels of 150 mM upwards and increased progressively with the salinity level. In Stork plants increasing salinity levels increased the respiration rate. The soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of the lines increased with increasing salinity. The opposite pattern was revealed in the case of Stork. The amino acid content, including proline, increased significantly with an increase in salinity in all tested plants. the potassium/sodium ratio decreased significantly with a rise in salinization.
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Miller, Madeline D., Mark Simons, Jess F. Adkins та Sarah E. Minson. "The Information Content of Pore Fluid δ18O and [Cl−]". Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, № 8 (2015): 2070–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0203.1.
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AbstractPaleoceanographic proxies indicate that the ocean state during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) differed from the modern ocean state. Depth profiles of ocean sediment pore fluid δ18O and [Cl−] have been used to reconstruct the δ18O and salinity at the LGM. Here, it is investigated whether pore fluid profiles can constrain ocean δ18O and salinity at other times and, simultaneously, their ability to constrain the LGM δ18O and salinity. An inverse framework is developed that relies on Bayesian parameter estimation, thus allowing formal separation of prior assumptions from the information in observations. Synthetic problems are used to explore the information about past ocean tracers that can be recovered from pore fluid profiles. It is concluded that prior knowledge of deep ocean mixing time scales is essential to an accurate inverse estimate of LGM ocean salinity and δ18O from modern pore fluid profiles. The most recent 10 000 years of ocean salinity and δ18O and the error in their estimates are better constrained by the pore fluid profiles than are the LGM values. The inverse estimate of salinity and δ18O is strongly correlated with the estimate of diffusivity of oxygen isotopes and [Cl−] in sediment pore fluids. Uncertainty on the diffusivity of oxygen isotopes and chloride in sediments is reduced through inversion of the pore fluid profiles, but simultaneous estimation of δ18O or salinity and diffusivity increases the total uncertainty. The error reported in previous work may underestimate the true uncertainty of LGM deep ocean salinity and δ18O.
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Kumari, Sunita, Srivastava Malvika, and Abbasi Parveen. "RESPONSE OF TEPHROSIA PURPUREA L. TO SALINITY STRESS IN RELATION TO GERMINATION, CAROTENOID CONTENT AND PROLINE CONTENT." Biolife 2, no. 1 (2022): 276–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7197205.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting profitable crop production. The effect of salt stress on germination,carotenoid and proline content of <em>Tephrosia purpurea</em> was investigated Three different salinity level (50,100 and 200 mM)were used for germination experiment and distilled water as control. For pot experiment plants were treated with four different NaCl concentration (50,100,200,300mM).Normally irrigated plants were treated as control. Observations were recorded from day 25 up to day 65 at ten days interval. Result indicated that lower salt concentration (50mM) enhance seed germination but beyond it germination decreases. The result show that salinity increase carotenoid and proline content. The increase of proline with salinity increase shows the importance of the osmotic balance in low water potential condition. In general the results of the experiments showed that increase in production of proline as an osmotic regulatory mechanism for survival in high salinity levels.
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SHAHI, SWATI, RAJNISH KUMAR, and MALVIKA SRIVASTAVA. "Improving salt tolerance and yield by Mn supplementation in Vigna radiata." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 2 (2020): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99005.
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The present study was carried out in the year 2016-17 to understand the effects of salinity stress on relative water content (RWC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, proline content, reducing sugar content and yield attributes in Vigna radiata and role of foliar application of manganese in improving salinity tolerance. Plants were subjected to varying levels of NaCl induced salinity (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM). The plant samples were analyzed from 25 days to 65 days of plant growth at every 10-day interval. Yield attributes were recorded at 85 days. Results revealed that there was a slight increase in RWC, SOD activity and yield attributes at 100 mM NaCl concentration as compared to control plants, whereas, an abrupt decrease was recorded at higher salt regimes (i.e. 200 and 300 mM NaCl). However, increase in salinity resulted in increased proline and total reducing sugar contents. The foliar application with Mn (0.15%) ameliorated the negative effects of high salinity and increased the yield. Hence, it was concluded that foliar application of Mn may alleviate the adverse effects of excess salinity on Vigna radiata plants.
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Giménez, Almudena, María del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta, Catalina Egea-Gilabert, et al. "Combined Effect of Salinity and LED Lights on the Yield and Quality of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Microgreens." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070180.
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The present work aims to explore the potential to improve quality of purslane microgreens by combining water salinity and LED lighting during their cultivation. Purslane plants were grown in a growth chamber with light insulated compartments, under different lighting sources on a 16 h d−1 photoperiod—fluorescent lamps (FL) and two LED treatments, including a red and blue (RB)) spectrum and a red, blue and far red (RB+IR) LED lights spectrum—while providing all of them a light intensity of 150 µmol m−2 s−1. Plants were exposed to two salinity treatments, by adding 0 or 80 mM NaCl. Biomass, cation and anions, total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids content (Car) and fatty acids were determined. The results showed that yield was increased by 21% both in RB and RB+FR lights compared to FL and in salinity compared to non-salinity conditions. The nitrate content was reduced by 81% and 91% when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR, respectively, as compared to FL light, and by 9.5% under saline conditions as compared with non-salinity conditions. The lowest oxalate contents were obtained with the combinations of RB or RB+FR lighting and salinity. The content of Cl and Na in the leaves were also reduced when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR lights under saline conditions. Microgreens grown under RB light reached the highest TPC, while salinity reduced TFC, Chl and Car. Finally, the fatty acid content was not affected by light or salinity, but these factors slightly influenced their composition. It is concluded that the use of RB and RB+FR lights in saline conditions is of potential use in purslane microgreens production, since it improves the yield and quality of the product, reducing the content of anti-nutritional compounds.
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S., Z.Chakovari, and Gasimov N.A. "The Effect Of NaCl and Na2SO4 On Proline And Soluble Sugars In Borage Under Hydroponics Condition." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 68, no. 1 (2013): 130–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7459389.
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Content of proline and soluble sugars was regularly studied under saline condition. Based on the results, the contents of proline increased and soluble sugars decreased under salinity. It was concluded that Borage was able to resist against stress due to changing contents of these compounds during salinity.
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Lasmarito, Theresia Claudia, Widianingsih Widianingsih, and Hadi Endrawati. "Kandungan Lutein Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris dengan Salinitas Berbeda pada Media Kultur." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 2 (2022): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i2.33819.
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Chlorella vulgaris merupakan mikroalga yang tergolong dalam alga hijau (chlorophyta). C. vulgaris mengandung pigmen karotenoid yang hampir sebagian besar terdiri dari lutein. Hal ini membuat C. vulgaris memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan jenis mikroalga lain. Lutein memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas pada mata. Salah satu parameter lingkungan yang mempengaruhi jumlah kandungan lutein adalah salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui salinitas terbaik guna mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pigmen lutein pada C. vulgaris. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Mikroalga C. vulgaris di kultivasi dengan tiga taraf perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda yaitu 20, 25, 35 dan 30 ppt (kontrol) dengan tiga ulangan. Pertumbuhan C. vulgaris diamati selama 8 x 24 jam kemudian dipanen untuk perhitungan biomassanya. Biomassa basah hasil kultivasi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut aseton PA. Ekstrak aseton C. vulgaris kemudian dianalisis kandungan pigmen luteinnya secara spektrofotometri. Kandungan pigmen lutein C. vulgaris tertinggi diproduksi pada salinitas 35 ppt yakni 0.011363 µg/g. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan salinitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kandungan pigmen lutein C. vulgaris. Chlorella vulgaris is a microalga belonging to the green algae (chlorophyta). C. vulgaris contains carotenoid pigments which consist mostly of lutein. This makes C. vulgaris has advantages compared to other types of microalgae. Lutein has benefits as an antioxidant to fight free radicals in the eyes. One of the environmental parameters that affect the amount of lutein content is salinity. This study aims to determine the best salinity to optimize the growth and production of lutein pigment in C. vulgaris. The method used is a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design. Microalgae C. vulgaris was cultivated with three different levels of salinity treatment, namely 20, 25, 35 and 30 ppt (control) with three replications. The growth of C. vulgaris was observed for 8 x 24 hours and then harvested for the calculation of its biomass. The wet biomass from the cultivation was extracted using acetone PA as a solvent. The acetone extract of C. vulgaris was then analyzed for its lutein pigment content by spectrophotometry. The highest content of lutein pigment C. vulgaris was produced at a salinity of 35 ppt, namely 0.011363 g/g. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the salinity treatment had a significant effect on the lutein pigment content of C. vulgaris.
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Tzortzakis, Nikolaos, Georgia Pitsikoulaki, Aristeidis Stamatakis, and Antonios Chrysargyris. "Ammonium to Total Nitrogen Ratio Interactive Effects with Salinity Application on Solanum lycopersicum Growth, Physiology, and Fruit Storage in a Closed Hydroponic System." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020386.
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Using high-salinity water for plant fertigation may have negative consequences for plant growth, overall yield and crop quality. In the present study, the effects of NaCl-salinity in conjunction with three different ammonium to nitrate ratios (Nr) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) plant growth, nutritional status, yield, fruit quality and postharvest storage were examined. The electrical conductivity (EC) was increased by adding NaCl into the nutrient solution and three different Nr ratios were applied, Nr0.05, Nr0.10 and Nr0.15, while the other macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were constant in all treatments. The EC of the nutrient solution supplied to the plants was 2.2 mS cm−1 at the low salinity treatments and 7.5 mS cm−1 at the high salinity treatments. Increased salinity resulted in decreased plant growth factors and fruit yield, despite the Nr. An increased Nr reduced the pH value of the nutrient solution, while the fruits of the plants cultivated under high salinity obtained reduced Ca, K, Mg, P and N content. Reduced Ca content can lead to blossom end rot disorder and this was evidenced on tomato cultivation under high salinity. However, in the present study, this disorder appeared at the very late stages and did not affect the marketability of the fruits. On the other hand, both salinity and Nr0.15 increased fruit firmness at harvest or following storage, while citric acid, total soluble solid and vitamin C contents were also increased by salinity. Total phenols were increased by salinity at harvest, and lycopene and β-carotene content were increased by salinity at harvest and/or following storage at 12 °C or 25 °C. Salinity enhances fruit quality and improves the organoleptic characteristics of the crop, while an appropriate Nr ratio may restrict the detrimental effects of salinity on the nutritional status of plants by regulating the pH in hydroponic systems.
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Ke, Zengming, Lihui Ma, and Nan Shen. "The Spatial Coupling Mechanism of Soil Moisture and Salinity after the Erosive Rainfall in the Loess Hilly Region." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061138.
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Investigating the spatial distribution characteristics of the interaction between soil salinity and moisture is crucial in revealing moisture–salinity interaction in semi-arid farmland. The sampling of soil was performed on the second (S1), fifth (S2), eighth (S3), eleventh (S4), and fourteenth (S5) days after the erosive rainfall. The multifractal method was used to analyze spatial distribution parameters of soil moisture and salinity under the different stages. The findings showed that the soil moisture content decreased from 22.44% to 12.73%, while the salinity increased from 0.71 to 1.18 g kg–1 after the rainfall. As the amount of moisture in the soil decreased, the variability in the distribution of moisture initially increased from S1 to S3 and then decreased, while the salinity content also decreased. The spatial distribution of soil moisture and salinity content showed a strong correlation at S3 to S4 (with the relative water content of soil ranging from 0.52 to 0.75), indicating a significant coupling effect in these stages. However, the distribution of soil salinity was not uniform under high moisture content conditions (S1 to S2), as it was leached unevenly by rainfall, and under low moisture content conditions (S5), it precipitated, resulting in a low correlation between the spatial distribution of soil moisture and salinity content. This research has provided insight into the coupling dynamics of soil moisture and salinity content, revealing the mechanisms governing their spatial distribution in dryland agricultural regions.
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Patel, A. D., and A. N. Pandey. "Growth, water status and nutrient accumulation of seedlings of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch in response to soil salinity." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 9 (2008): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/407-pse.
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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil salinity on emergence, growth, water status, proline content and mineral accumulation of seedlings of <I>Holoptelea integrifolia</I> (Roxb.) Planch (<I>Ulmaceae</I>). NaCl was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 0.3, 3.9, 6.0, 7.9, 10.0, 12.1 and 13.9 dS/m. Salinity caused reduction in water potential of tissues, which resulted in internal water deficit to plants. Consequently, seedling growth significantly decreased with increase in soil salinity. Proline content in tissues increased with increase in soil salinity. There were no effective mechanisms to control net uptake of Na transport to shoot tissue. Potassium content increased in leaves to avoid Na toxicity to this tissue. Nitrogen content significantly increased in tissues in response to salinity. Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium content in tissues significantly decreased as salinity increased. Changes in tissues and whole-plant accumulation patterns of other nutrients, as well as possible mechanisms to avoid Na toxicity in this species in response to salinity, are discussed.
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Fujii, Shuhei, and Johan A. Hellebust. "Growth and osmoregulation of Boekelovia hooglandii in relation to salinity." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 6 (1994): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-105.
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The growth and osmoregulation of Boekelovia hooglandii Nicolai et Baas Becking (Chrysophyceae) was investigated as a function of salinity. This chromophyte microflagellate was found to be euryhaline and also to require sodium for growth. The optimum sodium chloride concentration for growth was 0.2–0.4 M, and growth was severely inhibited in media with sodium chloride concentrations above 1 M. Using gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy analysis of cell extracts, it was established that the alga contains D-mannitol, myo-inositol, as well as the inositol derivative, cyclohexanetetrol. The content of cyclohexanetetrol and mannitol increased with increased salinity, while the content of inositol remained almost constant. Potassium and magnesium were the major intracellular cations. However, the content of cations and amino acids showed only minor increases with salinity over a wide salinity range. The contents of cyclohexanetetrol and mannitol increased rapidly when cells were subjected to hypertonic shocks. It was concluded that B. hooglandii utilizes cyclohexanetetrol and mannitol as osmoregulatory substances. Key words: Boekelovia hooglandii, chromophyte, cyclohexanetetrol, euryhaline, D-mannitol, myo-inositol, osmoregulation, salinity.
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Turkyilmaz, Bengu. "Effects of Salicylic and Gibberellic Acids on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Salinity Stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 41, no. 1 (2012): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11079.
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Salinity decreased seed germination, the length, fresh and dry weight of the root and shoot, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of wheat. The proline content was increased by salinity. The application of salicylicand gibberellic acids, was found to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on the above parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11079Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 29-34, 2012 (June
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Mohinur, Vafoqulova Alisherovna. "CAUSES OF THE APPEARANCE OF SALINE SOILS IN UZBEKISTAN AND MEASURES TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY." МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА 2, no. 5 (2024): 26–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11113309.
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In this article, various forms of soil salinization, the causes of the emergence of saline soils, measures to reduce the salt content of the soil and increase the productivity of saline soils, to reduce the amount of harmful salts to an acceptable level, are studied.
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Suleiman, Majda Khalil, Arvind Bhatt, Tareq A. Madouh, et al. "Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Proline and Mineral Content in Native Desert Species." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076232.
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Implementing large-scale restoration programs requires in-depth understanding about the salinity tolerance of native species, especially in the Arabian Peninsula where salinity is one of the most serious problems. Seedlings of four native species, namely Vachillea pachyceras, Haloxylon salicornicum, Rhanterium epapposum, and Farsetia aegyptia, were subjected to different salinity treatments (1.6 (control), 3, 5, 7, and 10 dS/m). Survival, growth performance, biomass and proline accumulation were assessed after six months of salinity exposure. Different mineral concentrations in the shoot and root tissues were assessed before and after the salinity exposure. Our results showed that salinity influenced the growth parameters, enhanced proline accumulation and changed the contents of essential elements. However, the effects of salinity stress on the growth and other parameters were largely species-specific. Proline accumulation increased with an increase in the salinity level in all the species. However, the mineral content in the root and shoot tissues showed variation, depending on the species and the level of salinity stress. Overall. H. salicornicum appeared to be the most tolerant species, as its seedling survival (100% at EC 10), and root and shoot biomass were impacted minimally; meanwhile, F. aegyptia (16.7% seedling survival at EC 10) appeared to be highly sensitive to the salinity. Data generated from this study will be helpful in screening the suitable species according to their salinity tolerance in salt-affected areas.
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Wu, Hailong, Chuchu Wang, He Li, et al. "High Light Intensity and CO2 Enrichment Synergistically Mitigated the Stress Caused by Low Salinity in Pyropia yezoensis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 11 (2023): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11112193.
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Macroalgae, playing a crucial role in coastal marine ecosystems, are subject to multiple environmental challenges due to tidal and seasonal alterations. In this work, we investigated the physiological responses of Pyropia yezoensis to ocean acidification (ambient CO2 (AC: 400 μatm) and elevated CO2 (HC: 1000 μatm)) under changing salinity (20, 30 psu) and light intensities (50, 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) by measuring the growth, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and soluble sugar content. The key results are the following: (1) P. yezoensis exhibited better growth under normal salinity (30 psu) compared to hyposaline conditions (20 psu). (2) Intermediate light intensity increased phycoerythrin content, ultimately enhancing thalli growth without significant changes to the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. (3) Ocean acidification alleviated hyposaline stress by enhancing pigment production in P. yezoensis only at a salinity of 20 psu, highlighting the complex interplay of these environmental factors. These findings indicate that higher light intensities and elevated pCO2 levels could mitigate the stress caused by low salinity.
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da Luz Neto, Cipriano A., Everaldo M. da Silva, Wéverson L. Fonseca, Iuri de A. Moreira, Kamilla D. Pessoa, and Marcos A. Feitoza. "Fertigated cultivation of mini watermelon subjected to salinity levels and foliar application of silicon." Revista Caatinga 36, no. 2 (2023): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n221rc.
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ABSTRACT The application of silicon (Si) represents one of the alternatives that can be used to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by salinity on plants in fertigated cultivation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water salinity, associated with the use of sodium silicate on the production parameters and nutrient levels in the leaf and stem of mini watermelon in a protected environment. To conduct the experiment, a randomized block design was adopted, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions, with six levels of irrigation water salinity (1.05; 2.12; 3.26; 4.41; 5.91 and 7.32 dS m-1) and two types of Si application: without Si and in foliar solution. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf and stem fresh and dry mass; biometric variables and total soluble solids content in the fruits; and nutrient contents in leaves and stem. The use of Si associated with fertigation with different salinity levels promoted a positive response for peel thickness, ºBrix, fresh and dry mass of leaves, and Si accumulation in leaves and stem. Salinity alone promoted an increase in pulp weight, ºBrix of the fruits and potassium content in the stem, besides increasing the manganese content and inhibiting the zinc content in the leaves. There was a significant interaction for the manganese content in the stem, with a positive response in the absence of foliar-applied Si and a negative response in the presence of foliar-applied Si under different levels of salinity.
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Cheng, Liang, Ning Zhang, and Bingru Huang. "Effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase–Producing Bacteria on Perennial Ryegrass Growth and Physiological Responses to Salinity Stress." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 3 (2016): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.3.233.
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The accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), which is a precursor for ethylene production, in plant roots exposed to salinity stress can be detrimental to plant growth. The objectives of this study were to determine whether inoculating roots with bacteria containing deaminase enzymes that break down ACC (ACC-deaminase) could improve plant tolerance to salinity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and to examine growth and physiological factors, as well as nutrition status of plants affected by the ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation under salinity stress. Plants of perennial ryegrass (cv. Pangea) were inoculated with either Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN or Burkholderia gladioli RU1 and irrigated with either fresh water (control) or a 250 mm NaCl solution to induce salinity stress. The bacterium-inoculated plants had less ACC content in shoots and roots under both nonstressed and salinity conditions. Salinity stress inhibited root and shoot growth, but the bacterium-inoculated plants exhibited higher visual turf quality (TQ), tiller number, root biomass, shoot biomass, leaf water content, and photochemical efficiency, as well as lower cellular electrolyte leakage (EL) under salinity stress. Plants inoculated with bacteria had lower sodium content and higher potassium to sodium ratios in shoots under salinity stress. Shoot and root nitrogen content and shoot potassium content increased, whereas shoot and root calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum content all decreased due to bacterial inoculation under salinity treatment. ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation of roots was effective in improving salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass and could be incorporated into turfgrass maintenance programs in salt-affected soils.
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Rayson, Matthew D., Edward S. Gross, Robert D. Hetland, and Oliver B. Fringer. "Using an Isohaline Flux Analysis to Predict the Salt Content in an Unsteady Estuary." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 11 (2017): 2811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0134.1.
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AbstractAn estuary is classified as unsteady when the salinity adjustment time is longer than the forcing time scale. Predicting salt content or salt intrusion length using scaling arguments based on a steady-state relationship between flow and salinity is inaccurate in these systems. In this study, a time-dependent salinity box model based on an unsteady Knudsen balance is used to demonstrate the effects of river flow, inward total exchange flow (tidal plus steady), and the salinity difference between inflow and outflow on the salt balance. A key component of the box model is a relationship that links the normalized difference between inflowing and outflowing salinity at the mouth and the mean salinity content. The normalized salinity difference is shown to be proportional to the mean salinity squared, based on theoretical arguments from the literature. The box model is validated by hindcasting 5 years of mean salinity in Galveston Bay (estimated from coarse observations) in response to highly variable river discharge. It is shown that this estuary typically has a long adjustment time relative to the forcing time scales, and, therefore, the volume-averaged salinity rarely reaches equilibrium. The box model highlights the reasons why the adjustment time in a large, partially mixed estuary like Galveston Bay is slower when the mean salt content is higher. Furthermore, it elucidates why the salt content in the estuary is more responsive to changes in river flow than in landward exchange flow at the estuary mouth, even though the latter quantity is usually several times larger.
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Sui, Na, Yu Liu, and Bao Shan Wang. "Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Ecotypes of Euhalophyte Suaeda salsa L. Grown Under Natural Saline Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4488.
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Suaeda salsa L. grown in the intertidal zone and those in high salinity soils of the Yellow River Delta were used to investigate the category and characteristic of photosynthesis and fluorescence. Results showed that the water content, Na+ and Cl- contents of the high salinity soils were lower. The temperature on the surface of soil and in the depth of 10 cm from the surface, the content of K+ and Ca2+ of the high salinity soils were significantly higher than those in the intertidal zone soils. Pn, Gs, Fv/Fm, ФPSII, the fresh weight and dry weight per plant of S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils were higher. However, Ci of S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils were lower. These suggested that S. salsa grown in the high salinity soils was mainly suffering from salt stress, while S. salsa in the intertidal zone soils was suffering from waterlogging, low temperature and salt stress together. S. salsa in the intertidal zone soils decreased light absorption and alleviated photoinhibition, but as a result the biomass was reduced.
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Aziz, Hanan Abdul. "The Effect of Nitrogen and Salinity on The Content of Lipid Dunaliella salina." Journal of Aquaculture Development and Environment 6, no. 2 (2023): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/jade.v6i2.7761.
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Microalgae are micro-sized algae plants that can usually be found in fresh and marine waters. One of the marine microalgae that has the potential to be developed is Dunaliella salina because it has a fairly high nutrient content, namely 57% carbohydrates, 32% protein, and 6% lipids. Cultivation of D. salina and other microalgae in general is very dependent on several things, including nutrient content, salinity, temperature, pH, and light intensity. The nutrient that D. salina needs in large quantities is nitrogen. Besides nitrogen, salinity is also one of the other factors that also affect D. salina because D. salina is a halophilic microalgae, namely microalgae that have the ability to survive in conditions of high salt content (20–40). This study aims to determine the effect of nitrogen and salinity on lipid D content in D. salina, as well as the best nitrogen concentration and salinity concentration that can produce the highest lipids in D. salina culture. This research method is experimental. The research design used was a randomized block design (RBD) factorial pattern. There are two factors, namely factor A, which is the concentration of salinity, namely A1 = 25 ppt salinity, A2 = 30 ppt salinity, A3 = 35 ppt salinity, and A4 = 40 ppt salinity. Factor B is the nutrient content, namely B1 = NaNo 3 100g/L (control), B2 = NaNo 3 75g/L, B3 = NaNo 3 50g/L, and B4 = NaNo 3 25g/L. The results of the data analysis study showed that the highest lipids in D. salina could be detected on the 7th day in treatment M, namely 40 ppt salinity and 25g/L nitrogen concentration, which had the highest lipid yield of 0.7720%. Under low nitrogen conditions, microalgae can produce energy reserves such as lipids. The lowest lipid on day 7 was found in treatment D with a salinity of 25 ppt and a nitrogen concentration of 100 g/L, which was obtained at 0.3180%. Under high nitrogen conditions, microalgae produce few energy-reserve compounds such as lipids.
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EL-BELTAGI, Hossam S., Heba I. MOHAMED, Abdel Haleem M. A. MOHAMMED, Laila M. ZAKI, and Asmaa M. MOGAZY. "Physiological and Biochemical Effects of γ-Irradiation on Cowpea Plants (Vigna sinensis) under Salt Stress." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 1 (2013): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4118927.
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Soil salinity is one of the most severe factors limiting growth and physiological response in cowpea plants. In this study, the possible role of γ-irradiation in alleviating soil salinity stress during plant growth was investigated. Increasing salinity in the soil (25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) decreased plant growth, photosynthetic pigments content, total carbohydrate content and mineral uptake compared to control, while increased total phenol content, proline, total free amino acids and lipid peroxidation. Seed irradiation with gamma rays significantly increased plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrate, total phenol, proline, total free amino acids and the contents of N, P, K +, Ca+2 and Mg+2 compared to non irradiated ones under salinity. On the other hand, irradiation with gamma rays decreased lipid peroxidation, Na+ and Cl- contents which may contribute in part to activate processes involved in the alleviation of the harmful effect of salt at all concentrations used (25, 50 and 100 mM) except at the high concentration (200 mM). Electrophoretic studies of α-esterase, β-esterase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase isozymes showed wide variations in their intensities among all treatments.
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Umbert, Marta, Eva De Andrés, Maria Sánchez, et al. "Contribution of satellite sea surface salinity to the estimation of liquid freshwater content in the Beaufort Sea." Ocean Science 20, no. 1 (2024): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-20-279-2024.
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Abstract. The hydrography of the Arctic Ocean has experienced profound changes over the last 2 decades. The sea ice extent has declined by more than 10 % per decade, and its liquid freshwater content has increased mainly due to glaciers and sea ice melting. Further, new satellite retrievals of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Arctic might contribute to better characterizing the freshwater changes in cold regions. Ocean salinity and freshwater content are intimately related such that an increase (decrease) in one entails a decrease (increase) in the other. In this work, we evaluate the freshwater content in the Beaufort Gyre using surface salinity measurements from the satellite radiometric mission Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and TOPAZ4b reanalysis salinity at depth, estimating the freshwater content from 2011 to 2019 and validating the results with in situ measurements. The results highlight the underestimation of the freshwater content using reanalysis data in the Beaufort Sea and a clear improvement in the freshwater content estimation when adding satellite sea surface salinity measurements in the mixed layer. The improvements are significant, with up to a 70 % reduction in bias in areas near the ice melting. Our research demonstrates how remotely sensed salinity can assist us in better monitoring the changes in the Arctic freshwater content and understanding key processes related to salinity variations that cause density differences with potential to influence the global circulation system that regulates Earth's climate.
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Korbas, Agata, Jan Kubiś, Magdalena Rybus-Zając, and Tamara Chadzinikolau. "Spermidine Modify Antioxidant Activity in Cucumber Exposed to Salinity Stress." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (2022): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071554.
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The effects of short-term 48 h long NaCl-stress and spermidine level modification on polyamines level and antioxidant status in cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Dar) leaves were investigated. Seedlings kept in nutrient solutions treated with 50 mM NaCl for 48 h exhibited reduced relative water content and accumulation of free polyamines, especially spermidine. Salinity stress caused an increase in superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide generation during the salinity-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Spermidine application before stress resulted in a marked increase in spermidine and spermine contents in the leaves of salt-stressed cucumber seedlings. Additionally, increased spermidine/spermine level mobilised the antioxidant enzyme’s activity and limited reactive oxygen species content. Polyamine synthesis inhibitor (MGBG) slightly decreased spermidine and spermine levels during salinity and reversed the antioxidant activity mobilisation. These results showed that Spd modifications significantly improved PAs, enhancing salinity stress tolerance by detoxifying ROS. Our findings determined the implication of PAs for improving the salinity tolerance of important vegetable species.
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Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira, Isabela M. Toledo Piza, Andréa Henrique, and Massanori Takaki. "Polyamines as salinity biochemical marker in callus of Eucalyptus urograndis." Ciência Florestal 13, no. 1 (2005): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050981722.
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Biochemical markers have been used for the analysis of plant cells submitted to several types of stress, among them salinity. This work aimed at analyzing the effect of saline stress in callus of Eucalyptus urograndis on polyamine contents. Explants (hypocotyls) obtained from seeds were inoculated in callus inductive medium, submitted to different levels of NaCl and analyzed at 10, 20 and 30 days after the inoculation. The free polyamines were extracted, isolated and quantified using TLC (Thin-Layer Chromatography). Putrescine content was higher and a fall in the spermidine content was observed in callus submitted to salinity condition. The results showed that polyamine accumulation is related to NaCl exposure in callus of Eucalyptus urograndis. The decrease in spermine content could be used as a biochemical marker for Eucalyptus callus subjected to salinity.
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Ahamed, F., IM Ahamed, AFM Shamim Ahsan, B. Ahmed, and F. Begum. "Physiological and Yield Responses of Some Selected Rapeseed/Mustard Genotypes to Salinity Stress." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 24, no. 1 (2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v24i1.55545.
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An experiment on rapeseed/mustard genotypes was conducted during 2019-2020 rabi season in vinyl house of Plant Physiology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur to find out the salt-tolerant genotypes based on the responses of their physiological parameters and yield. Five selected rapeseed/ mustard genotypes (V1= Jun-536, V2 = BJDH-12, V3 = BD-10115, V4 = BARI Sarisha-14, V5 = BD-6950) were tested at three salinity levels (S0= 0, S1= 5 and S2=10 dS m-1). Irrespective of the genotypes, salinity stress showed a negative effect on the measured physiological parameters as well as seed yield. Leaf chlorophyll contents, leaf area, leaf photosynthetic rate and total dry matter (TDM) were reduced due to salinity stress which ultimately affected seed yield irrespective of the genotypes. However, these parameters were less affected by the salinity in V1 and V2 genotypes compared to others. Sodium and potassium ion contents and their ratios (K+/Na+) in leaf tissues were significantly affected by salinity stress. Among the genotypes, V1 and V2 showed higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaf under both the salinity treatments, and that phenomenon indicated their higher tolerance to salinity than the other genotypes. Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the genotypes increased due to salinity stress with variability among the genotypes. The higher CAT and POD activity with lower MDA content was found in V1 and V2 genotypes which indicated their better salt tolerance ability compared to others. These genotypes also showed higher seed yield under both the salinity levels (5 and 10 dS m-1) compared to other genotypes. Based on the responses of physiological parameters and seed yield to salinity, the genotypes Jun-536(V1) and BJDH-12(V2) could be considered relatively tolerant to salinity stress. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 43-55
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Sui, Liying, Guannan Ma, and Yuangao Deng. "Effect of dietary protein level and salinity on growth, survival, enzymatic activities and amino-acid composition of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) juveniles." Crustaceana 88, no. 1 (2015): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003390.
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Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) postlarvae with average initial body weight of 0.089 g were reared in 75-litre PVC tanks for 40 days at salinities of 30 and 60 g l−1. The shrimps were fed compound feed containing protein levels of 35, 40, 45 and 50%, respectively. Salinity had a remarkable effect on growth and survival of L. vannamei juveniles. Higher survival rate and lower growth were observed at 60 g l−1 salinity. Dietary protein level affected the survival and growth of juveniles at both salinities, increased with dietary protein levels in the range of 35 to 45%, but decreased slightly with 50% dietary protein. Broken line analysis showed that the estimated optimal dietary protein levels at salinities of 30 and 60 g l−1 were 45.93 and 46.74%, respectively. Higher salinity resulted in an increased moisture content, ash and crude protein content in the shrimp muscle tissue. The amino acid contents in the shrimp muscle tissue were generally higher at 60 g l−1 salinity and increased dietary protein level led to higher protein content, except with 50% dietary protein. At salinity 60 g l−1, the soluble protein content and activities of glutamic oxalacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in shrimp muscle tissue were higher, while catalase (CAT) activities were lower. Farming of L. vannamei at a marginal culture salinity (60 g l−1) is feasible though the shrimps were likely exposed to stressful conditions. Reduced growth rate at higher salinity may be attributed to the higher total ammonium (TAN) concentration in the culture medium and extra energy consumption for osmoregulation at hypersaline conditions.
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Amraee, Leila, Fatemeh Rahmani, and Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani. "Exogenous application of 24-epibrassinosteroid mitigates NaCl toxicity in flax by modifying free amino acids profile and antioxidant defence system." Functional Plant Biology 47, no. 6 (2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19191.
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In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of 24-epibrassinosteroid (24-epiBL) on antioxidant response and ion homeostasis in two NaCl-stressed Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. The content and profile of amino acids were also studied in the tolerant cultivar. Salt stress differently altered the activity of antioxidant enzymes, phenol and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity and ion homeostasis in both cultivars, whereas H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were induced only in the TN-97-95 cultivar. Free amino acid concentrations showed variable patterns under salinity conditions compared with the control plants. 24-epiBL decreased the soluble protein content in NaCl-treated plants and also decreased stimulatory effects of salinity on the production and accumulation of phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity with altered ion (Na+, K+, and Cl–) contents. The 24-epiBL reduced the chlorophylls (a, b) and carotenoid contents in salt-treated TN-97-95 cultivar while enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and declined the H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation in both NaCl-stressed cultivars. The profile and content of amino acids were significantly changed by 24-epiBL application under salinity treatment. In summary, our findings demonstrate that 24-epiBL seed priming mitigates the deleterious effects of salt stress in flax plants.
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Abd El-Samad, Hamdia M. "The effect of NaCl salinity and sodium pyruvat on growth of cucumber plant." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 3-4 (2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.041.
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Salinity affected growth, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, saccharides, nitogen content and some minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P) in cucumber plants (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>). Spraying the shoot system with sodium pyruvate greatly ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl salinity. This counteraction was associated with an increase in the contents of saccharides, amino acids, proteins, Ca and P.
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SINGH, KULDEEP, RAMPRAKASH RAMPRAKASH, ANURAG SANGWAN, ARVIND YADAV, and KAUTILYA CHAUDHARY. "Effect of boron on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) productivity and grain composition under sulphate dominated saline conditions." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 2 (2020): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99048.
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The present study was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India in 2015– 16 to examine the response of Boron applications to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under sulphate dominated salinity with four salinity (EC) levels (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and five Boron levels (Control, 1, 3, 6, 12 mg/kg). The per cent decrease in germination with increasing levels of salinity at high boron level was 1.87, 2.74 and 13.21, respectively, as compared to the control. The per cent reduction in seed yield of sunflower as compared to control was 7.35, 24.80 and 52.06% at salinity levels of 4, 8 and 12 dS/m at 12 mg/kg boron level, respectively. Similarly increase in Boron levels significantly reduced the seed yield of sunflower. Maximum oil content (40.93%) was observed in control while minimum oil content (34.40%) was observed at high salinity and boron level. Salinity stress at 12 dS/m reduced protein content 13.53% as compared to control conditions. Protein content was decreased significantly at 6 and 12 mg/kg. The salinity and boron have detrimental effects on germination, seed yield, protein content and oil content of sunflower. The concentration of ions (Ca2+, Na+, SO42- and C1-) in sunflower seed was higher in saline condition. Boron levels increased the concentration of Ca2+, Na+ and C1- in sunflower seed under sulphate dominated salinity which furthers reduced plant survival and negates the productivity.
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Nurafiah, Eva, Endang Linirin Widiastuti, and Henni Wijayanti Maharani. "Analysis of Taurine Content in Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. Cultured at Different Salinities." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) 10, no. 2 (2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v10i2.304.
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Taurine is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid with the chemical formula C2H7NO3S. These compounds play an important role in maintaining the smooth running of various processes in the body. Tetraselmis sp. is one of the microalgae known to have a taurine biosynthetic pathway via the serine/sulfate pathway. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of culture salinity on taurine content produced by microalgae Tetraselmis sp. which was dissolved using 96% ethanol. The samples obtained were then tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometry using standard synthetic taurine as a comparison. Based on the research results, the maximum absorption was obtained at a wavelength of 630 nm, and the regression equation y = 0.001x + 0.033 was obtained and had a correlation coefficient of r = 1. Based on the analysis results showed that all samples contained taurine. Samples at a salinity of 25 ppt contained an average of 2.82 ml/100g of taurine, while a culture salinity of 35 ppt contained an average of 4.03 ml/100g of taurine. From these data it is known that the highest taurine level was found at a culture salinity of 35 ppt, while the lowest taurine level was at a culture salinity of 25 ppt. This indicates that the higher the culture salinity, the higher the taurine content produced by the microalgae Tetraselmis sp. The phenomenon of increased taurine due to salinity stress is thought to be due to an increase in free amino acids in microalgae cells to produce metabolites that are used to defend themselves due to salinity stress. The function of taurine in this microalgae is thought to be an organic osmolyte in the cells of the Tetraselmis sp. microalgae.
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Jha, Yachana. "Cell water content and lignification in maize regulated by rhizobacteria under salinity." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040702.
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Inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium in maize plant under salinity stress was analyzed for its growth promotion efficacy and induction of physiological mechanism. In this study effect of these isolates were focused on the cellular level as with lignin deposition, cell wall lignin content and cell water status of maize under salinity. Maize plants get protected from the salinity induced injury by enhancing the plant growth, regulating relative water content, enhancing phenols, flavonoids as well as lignification of cell and antioxidant enzymes also. The study states that, PGPR helps in maize plant under salinity to increase the cell membrane stability, plays a significant action in the directive of cell permeability for the survival of plants. Nevertheless, the cell wall bounded peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity reduced with gradual increase soil in non-inoculated plants. So plants inoculated with selected root-associated bacteria has a positive response on cell content and water status in maize under salinity.
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Liu, Yue, Xiaoyu Ding, Yan Lv, et al. "Exogenous Serotonin Improves Salt Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020400.
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Serotonin is a well-known agent that plays various roles in animals, and is little known in plants. In this study, the effect of exogenous serotonin was tested on Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) under salt stress. The results revealed that exogenous application of 200 µmol/L serotonin had the best protection under salinity. Exogenous serotonin effectively alleviated the growth inhibition of seedlings caused by salinity, and significantly promoted the accumulation of the fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots. Besides, although the H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were raised under salinity, they were reduced by exogenous serotonin. The chlorophyll content was decreased under salinity, and was increased by exogenous serotonin. Under salinity, serotonin effectively activated antioxidant enzyme system through improving the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities, and the expression of POD7, CAT3 and Cu-SOD genes was also up-regulated. The results also revealed exogenous serotonin increased the solute content by promoting the accumulation of soluble sugar and protein. In conclusion, salinity caused a toxicity to seedlings through oxidative damage to chlorophyll and cell membrane integrity, and serotonin possessed the ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species, osmotic pressure regulation and promoting growth, thus alleviating salinity of rape seedlings.
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Chunfei, Tu, Li Xing, Wang Huan, Chen Yuhao, Liang Guoling, and Wang Chunlin. "Impact of Short-term Artificial Low Salinity Stress on the Flavor Quality of Scylla Paramamosain." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 2 (2021): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i2/ajas21132.
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Scylla paramamosain is a kind of large euryhaline marine crab. As an important physicochemical parameter of seawater, salinity has a great impact on the survival, growth and quality of Scylla paramamosain. This research tested the content of non-volatile flavor substance, lactic acid and taurine on the 0, 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th day in three salinity gradients (3, 13, 23) with HPLC (High-performance Liquid Chromatography) technology. Results have shown that in low salinity stress, the cumulative amount of free amino acids in muscle of Scylla paramamosain is more than that in hepatopancreas, while the cumulative amount of essential amino acids in hepatopancreas is more than that in muscle. In muscle, contents of three flavor amino acids are ranked as follows: sweet, bitter and delicious amino acid, and in hepatopancreas, it is bitter, sweet and delicious amino acid. The fluctuation rule of free amino acid, essential amino acid and lactic acid in Scylla paramamosain in the low salinity group is similar to that of other salinity control group, while the content of sweet amino acid, bitter amino acid, nucleotide, EUC, taurine is different from that of other salinity control groups.
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Malea, Lamprini, Konstantinia Nakou, Apostolos Papadimitriou, Athanasios Exadactylos, and Sotiris Orfanidis. "Physiological Responses of the Submerged Macrophyte Stuckenia pectinata to High Salinity and Irradiance Stress to Assess Eutrophication Management and Climatic Effects: An Integrative Approach." Water 13, no. 12 (2021): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121706.
Full textAbstract:
Stuckenia pectinata, a submerged macrophyte of eutrophic to hyper-eutrophic fresh to brackish waters, faces management and climatic-forced increment of salinity and irradiance in Vistonis Lake (Greece) that may endanger its existence and the ecosystem functioning. A pre-acclimated clone under low irradiance and salinity conditions was treated to understand the effects of high salinity and irradiance on a suite of subcellular (chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics and JIP-test, and chlorophyll content) to organismal (relative growth rate—RGR) physiological parameters. The responses to high irradiance indicated the plant’s great photo-acclimation potential to regulate the number and size of the reaction centers and the photosynthetic electron transport chain by dissipation of the excess energy to heat. A statistically significant interaction (p < 0.01) of salinity and irradiance on Chl a, b content indicated acclimation potential through adjusting the Chl a, b contents. However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed on Chl a/b ratio and the RGR, indicating the species’ potential to become acclimatized by reallocating resources to compensate for growth. Thus, the regulation of photosynthetic pigment content and photosystem II performance consisted of the primary growth strategy to present and future high salinity and irradiance stressful conditions due to eutrophication management and the ongoing climatic changes.