To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sallust.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sallust'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sallust.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dix, Christina Viola. ""Virtutes" und "Vita" : Interpretationen der Charakterzeichnungen in Sallust Bellum Iurgurthinum /." Trier : WVT, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40928143x.
Full text
2
Samotta, Iris. "Das Vorbild der Vergangenheit : Geschichtsbild und Reformvorschläge bei Cicero und Sallust /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99347361X/04.
Full text
3
Samotta, Iris. "Das Vorbild der Vergangenheit Geschichtsbild und Reformvorschläge bei Cicero und Sallust." Stuttgart Steiner, 2003. http://d-nb.info/99347361X/04.
Full text
4
Gerlinger, Stefan. "Römische Schlachtenrhetorik unglaubwürdige Elemente in Schlachtendarstellungen, speziell bei Caesar, Sallust und Tacitus." Heidelberg Winter, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987386980/04.
Full text
5
Gerlinger, Stefan. "Römische Schlachtenrhetorik : Unglaubwürdige Elemente in Schlachtendarstellungen, speziell bei Caesar, Sallust und Tacitus." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4088.
Full textAbstract:
Si on considère les batailles dans l'historiographie romaine, on se rend compte que les structures narratives de base sont rarement remises en question quant à leur authenticité. Certains éléments de ces structures narratives apparaissent, cependant, très peu réalistes. On ne peut accepter littéralement ces éléments apparemment irréalistes. On ne saurait toutefois les réfuter en bloc comme de pures inventions ou des exagérations sans fondement. Il ne s'agit pas pour l'auteur de reconstituer de manière détaillée et fidèle un événement historique, mais il ne s'agit pas non plus de mensonges superflus. Il semble plus judicieux de considérer de tels éléments irréalistes sous l'angle d'une situation de communication concrète, dans laquelle une "rhétorique romaine des batailles" spécifique entre en ligne de compte. Les différents éléments d'une telle rhétorique proviennent d'exemples anciens, dont certains remontent à Homère. Grâce au caractère exemplaire d'une telle source de référence, les formes rhétoriques ont été l'objet d'une diffusion générale dans les domaines de la littérature et des arts figurés, acquérant une force de persuasion autonome. Cette force de persuasion autonome n'a pas été acquise en raison d'une supposée véridicité de telles représentations, mais en fonction de la notoriété qu'elles avaient acquise chez les Romains. De cette manière, des représentations ont pu se constituer, qu'on a utilisées comme si elles étaient évidentes. On ne peut exclure que l'utilisation de telles représentations ait été parfois spontanée, mais, la plupart du temps, elle se produisait en pleine connaissance de cause et dans un but bien précisWhen studying battle descriptions by Roman historiographers, one will find basic narrative patterns whose historical authenticity is rarely doubted. However, there are also patterns that seem far less believable. Some of these patterns have turned out to be obviously unrealistic or physically impossible at all. While they cannot be accepted at face value, cannot be completely rejected as unfounded fiction either. They are neither detailed descriptions of historical facts that happened exactly this way nor shameless lies. Instead, it seems plausible to think of a specific communication situation - a Roman battle rhetoric. The individual elements of this battle rhetoric go back to ancient archetypes, many of them directyly to Homer. The seminal nature of his work accounts for a widespread diffusion of these narrative patterns in literature and sculptural art. Due to this diffusion, they could gather a certain persuasive power of their own. This power is indebted to the prominence they had gathered in the Roman world rather than they were historical. Thus, patterns evolved that wher later laken for granted. Their use may sometimes not have been thought about, for the most part however, it was very delibrerate with very clear aims
6
Duxbury, L. C. "Some attitudes to Julius Caesar in the Roman republic : Catullus, Cicero and Sallust." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293364.
Full text
7
Kananack, Claude Henry Embleton. "Reconsidering "The Conspiracy of Catiline" : participants, concepts, and terminology in Cicero and Sallust." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4395.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis will reconsider the failed attempt by a number of Roman citizens to gain power in Rome in 63 B.C., commonly labeled “The Conspiracy of Catiline.” Two Roman authors, M. Tullius Cicero and C. Sallustius Crispus, were eyewitnesses to the events occurring that year and both wrote lengthy accounts about the discovery and suppression of the affair and its participants, who were planning to gain power in Rome through violent means. The participants planned murder and arson inside of Rome and threatened the city with an army in northern Etruria. Our sources tend to ascribe the leadership of these hostile activities to L. Sergius Catilina, presented as a debauched, and indebted, scion of a noble family. However, our sources discuss many other Roman citizens who participated with the affair. My thesis provides a comprehensive study of the terminology Cicero and Sallust used and the lexical choices they made to describe the affair and its participants. I examine the terminology that both these authors used to identify the affair’s context, primarily focusing on the terms coniuratio (“conspiracy”) and bellum (“war”), with the aim of showing how these terms and concepts become crystallized in this period. In addition, I examine the portrayal of the reported disturbances occurring inside and outside of Rome and the representation of the Roman citizens who were involved in them. By scrutinizing the terminology found in Cicero and Sallust’s accounts of the affair of 63, my thesis demonstrates that its common appellation as “The Conspiracy of Catiline” and all that it means – in terms of a single event with one leader – needs to be reconsidered due to the interpretations of its multifarious aspects.
8
Novokhatko, Anna A. Sallustius Crispus Gaius Cicero Marcus Tullius. "The invectives of Sallust and Cicero critical edition with introduction, translation, and commentary." Berlin New York, NY de Gruyter, 2003. http://d-nb.info/993135714/04.
Full text
9
Sar, Fatou. "Bien commun et émergence de la citoyenneté dans la République romaine (d'après les oeuvres de Cicéron, Salluste et Tite-Live)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0054.
Full textAbstract:
Les notions de Bien commun et de citoyenneté ont été au centre des préoccupations des acteurs politiques comme des philosophes de la Rome antique. Elles constituent l’essence de toute République. Cette Thèse a comme objectif de montrer, à partir des œuvres de Cicéron, Salluste et Tite-Live, que la grandeur et la décadence de la République romaine sont intrinsèquement liées à la gestion du Bien commun. Notre démarche a donc été de remonter, avec nos auteurs, au passé de Rome, pour voir, à partir des valeurs qui ont fait la grandeur de la République, pourquoi ce déclin a pu s’amorcer. Le résultat auquel nous avons abouti a été de montrer que la principale cause de la décadence de la République romaine est la propension qu’ont eue les Romains, à partir de la fin de la Deuxième Guerre punique, à privilégier leurs intérêts et ambitions personnels au détriment de l’intérêt général. Ces faits nouveaux, selon nos auteurs, ont été rendus possibles par une crise sans précédent due à une ouverture démesurée de la citoyenneté qui rendit non opérationnelles des institutions prévues pour une citéThe notions of common good and citizenship were at the centre of the preoccupations of political stakeholders as well as Ancient Rome philosophers. They constitute the essence of every Republic. Based on the works of Cicero, Sallust and Livy, this thesis aims at showing that the greatness and decline of the Roman Republic are intrinsically linked to common good management. Our approach was therefore to go back, with our authors, to the past of Rome, to see, from the values that have made the greatness of the Republic, how this decline happened. Our research made it possible to conclude that the main cause of the decline of the Roman Republic was the propensity of Romans, from the end of the Second Punic War, to privilege their personal interests and ambitions to the detriment of general interest. According to our authors, these new events were caused by an unprecedented crisis due to a disproportionate openness of Citizenship that had paralysed the institutions, initially planned for just a city like Rome
10
Chlup, James Thomas. "Beyond the foreigner : representations of non-Roman individuals and communities in Latin historiography, from Sallust to Ammianus Marcellinus." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3677/.
Full textAbstract:
From the foundation of the city of Rome in 753 BCE to the capture of the same in 476 CE, the ancient Romans came into contact with a diverse range of peoples. The Romans did not want only to conquer these peoples and incorporate them into the empire, but also they displayed a genuine interest in learning about foreigners. Roman historical narrative demonstrates clearly this prevailing curiosity. This thesis examines the representations of foreign individuals and communities in five works: SaUust, helium lugurthinum; Livy, Ab Vrhe Condita 21-30; Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, Historiae Philippicae 11-12; Tacitus, Germania; Ammianus MarcelHnus, Res Gestae 23.6. These authors represent a broad range of types of history writing (monograph, AUG history, universal history), and they span most of die history of Rome as an empire (40s BCE to the late 300s CE). Moreover, these works represent a diverse range of geographic locations in that they include the three major parts of the world as understood by the Romans: Africa, Europe and Asia. Finally, they cover—or they exist within the context of—the full range of the Roman-Foreign experience: victory (Numidia, Carthage), defeat (Persia), and non- result (Germani).This thesis demonstrates that Roman historians employ a diverse range of presentations of non-Roman individuals and communities. Roman historians appear not to have been constrained by a narrow set of rules when it comes to writing non- Romans; rather, each author can be seen to be engaging in a wider Roman discourse on the foreigner. And this discourse extends beyond the Roman world and Roman historical writing: the historians of Rome can be seen as building upon, and responding to, the so-called father of history, Herodotus, whose own narrative established firmly that exploration of the foreigner is an important part of historical inquiry. Close analysis clearly demonstrates each presentation of a non-Roman character or community to be an intricate and fascinating construction, and understanding how the foreigner is conceptualised in the work is of critical importance. On the one hand, the presentation of foreigners fits into the historian’s overarching aims and objectives in his work; on the other hand, the representation of foreigners can dictate the ways in which the Roman history is narrated. Non-Romans both fit into and they provide direction for, Roman historical narrative. By studying the complexities of the presentation of non-Romans, therefore, this thesis enhances our understanding of the sophistication of Roman historical writing. Despite the continuing acknowledgement of the important role ethnography plays in writings of Herodotus and his Greek and Roman successors and imitators, there has not so far been a genre-wide detailed study of the ethnography in Greek or Roman historiography. This thesis, therefore, seeks to rectify partially this omission on the part of scholarship, and establish a foundation for future study of the non-Roman in Latin literature and Roman culture.
11
Ryan, John Joseph. "Geography and the Construction of Character in Sallust’s Jugurtha." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1232986851.
Full text
12
Manoel, Rodrigo Garcia. "Teoria e prática: estudo e tradução das epístolas e invectivas de Pseudo-Salústio e Pseudo-Cícero à luz dos Progymnásmata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-28052014-115342/.
Full textAbstract:
Com a pesquisa busca-se descobrir quão estreita é a relação entre a teoria das prescrições retóricas feitas pelos progymnásmata de Élio Teão, Hermógenes, Aftônio e Nicolau e as produções escritas que nos restaram de alunos na iminência de praticar a oratória a partir do primeiro século d.C. Deste modo, pela análise dos documentos esperase, primeiro, produzir mais informações sobre como se dava o ensino de tal disciplina entre os romanos, a) indentificando os temas de que se serviam os professores, a relevância de tais produções escritas para a aprendizagem de gêneros textuais, os lugarescomuns e os autores que eram modelo a imitar ou evitar e o modo como tal ação se dava por meio das palavras; b) fornecendo tradução da invectiva de (Pseudo-)Cícero e da invectiva e das epístolas a César de (Pseudo-)Salústio.This research aims to find out how close is the relationship between the theory of rhetorical prescriptions of Aelius Theon, Hermogenes, Aphtonius the Sophist, and Nicolaus the Sophist and remaining texts of students who were about to go on public speaking on first century A.D. Thus, the analysis of such documents is expected to give more information about rhetorical teaching among the Romans: identifying themes that served teachers, the relevance of such written productions for learning text genres, the common places and authors that were model to imitate or avoid and how such action took form through words. At last, there is a translation of the invective by (Pseudo -)Cicero and the invective and the epistles to Caesar by (Pseudo-)Sallust.
13
Vassiliades, Georgios. "La res publica et sa décadence : de Salluste à Tite-Live." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040128.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude explore dans une perspective comparative la présentation historique et l’interprétation philosophique de la décadence de la res publica chez Salluste et Tite Live. Dans la première partie, il est montré que Salluste et Tite-Live sont les premiers auteurs à avoir choisi comme thème central de leur récit le progrès et la décadence d’une cité. À travers un examen précis des étapes de la décadence chez les deux auteurs, nous remarquons que Tite-Live apporte constamment des corrections à la théorie de Salluste. Le schéma d’aucun des deux historiens ne se conforme à une vision cyclique ou linéaire du temps. La représentation biologique de la cité montre aussi que les hommes sont les seuls responsables pour la maladie de la décadence. Or, la reprise du progrès, selon une conception cyclique et la guérison du corps de l’État sont évoquées comme perspectives seulement par Tite-Live. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux causes de la maladie de la décadence, et la troisième à la guérison de la res publica. Trois facteurs sont examinés en détail : les facteurs « divins », le metus hostilis et la nature humaine. Tite-Live renverse l’analyse de plus en plus pessimiste de Salluste, et réintroduit l’homme en tant que facteur principal de l’histoire et comme responsable de la décadence. Dans la troisième partie, leur vision différente de l’avenir de Rome est mise en lumière, à travers l’étude de la position politique et de la fonction exemplaire de l’œuvre des deux historiens. Il en ressort que Tite-Live adopte les catégories sallustéennes d’analyse, mais conçoit sa propre présentation et interprétation de la décadence en réponse à son devancier, dont il renverse les théoriesThis study explores in a comparative perspective the historical presentation and the philosophical interpretation of the decadence of the res publica in Sallust and Livy. In the first part, it is shown that Sallust and Livy are the first authors who have chosen the progress and decline of a State as the central theme of their works. Through a precise examination of the stages of decadence in both writers, we observe that Livy constantly proposes corrections to Sallust’s theory. Neither author’s pattern conforms to a cyclical or a linear vision of time. The organicist representation of the body politic also shows that men are solely responsible for the disease of decadence in both authors. However, the resumption of progress according to a cyclical conception and the healing of the body of the State are considered as potential prospects only by Livy. The second part is devoted to the causes of the disease of decadence, and the third one to the healing of the res publica. Three factors are discussed in detail: the "divine" factors, the metus hostilis and the human nature. Livy reverses the increasingly pessimistic analysis of Sallust, and reintroduces man as the most important factor in history and as responsible for the decadence. In the third part, their different view of the future of Rome is brought into focus, through the study of the political position and the exemplary function of the two historians’ works. It is concluded that Livy adopts Sallustian categories of analysis, but he conceives his own presentation and interpretation of the decadence in response to his predecessor, whose theories he challenges
14
Iacoboni, Anna. "La valeur politique du mos maiorum au Ier siècle avant J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040194.
Full textAbstract:
Le mos maiorum est fondé sur la mémoire et a une nature orale. Le droit Quiritaire était essentiellement fondé sur les mores. Ceux-ci règlent les vies des familiae et des gentes patriciennes. Jusqu’à la rédaction des Douze Tables, le droit était oral et la connaissance et l’interprétation du droit étaient les prérogatives des pontifes. La nature orale de la tradition rend possible sa manipulation politique de la part des patriciens et, dans un deuxième temps, de la noblesse patricio-plébéienne. Ensuite, nous éclairons le passage du droit pontifical à la iurisprudentia laïque qui apparaît vers le IIIe siècle. Nous étudions aussi l’évolution des rapports entre l’auctoritas de la classe dirigeante et la revendication d’équité dans le domaine juridique adressée par le peuple. Nous mettons en lumière la crise de la tradition à l’époque tardo-républicaine. L’appel au mos maiorum par Cicéron et Salluste s’inscrit dans le projet de mettre en œuvre un renouvellement politique de la res publica sur un fondement moral. Le mos maiorum est évoqué dans l’espoir de revenir à la res publica des maiores. Toutefois, à cette époque, l’État s’est effondré et les citoyens ne sont pas à la hauteur de leurs ancêtres. Aussi bien Cicéron que Salluste sont conscients que la tradition ne peut pas constituer un modèle à leur époque. En effet, cette dernière a profondément changé au fil du temps. D’ailleurs, l’évocation du mos maiorum, est mise place aussi bien par les optimates que par les populares dans des buts politiques opposés. La tendance à l’individualisme répandue dans la société tardo-républicaine est la cause de l’effondrement de la res publicaMos maiorum is based on memory and it has an oral nature. The Quiritary Law was primarily based on mores. They regulated the the way of living both of familiae and patrician gentes. Prior to the writing of Twelve Tables, the law was oral and the knowledge as well as the interpretation of the law were the prerogatives of the pontiffs. The oral nature of the tradition makes it possible for the patricians and, then, for the patrician-plebeian nobility to provoke its political manipulation. Thereafter, we will enlighten the transition from the Pontifical Law to secular iurisprudentia, which appears approximately at the 3rd century BC. We will also clarify the evolution of relations between the auctoritas of the ruling class and the claim for equity in the legal area appealed by the people. We will shed light on the crisis of tradition in the late republican era. The calling to the mos maiorum by Cicero and Sallust is a part of the project to implement a political renewal of the res publica on a moral basis. Mos maiorum is mentioned in the hope of returning to the res publica of maiores. However, at that time, the state collapses and citizens are not equal to their ancestors. Both Cicero and Sallust are aware that tradition can not be a model in their time. Indeed, the latter has changed profoundly over time. Moreover, the evocation of the mos maiorum is put both by the optimates and by the populares for opposite political purposes. A tendency to widespread individualism in the late-republican society is the cause of the collapse of the res publica
15
Norman, William Hereward. "The classical Barbarian in the Íslendingasögur." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277652.
Full textAbstract:
The Íslendingasögur, written in Iceland in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, primarily describe the lives of Icelanders during the tenth and eleventh centuries. Many of these lives involve encounters with foreign peoples, both abroad and in Iceland, who are portrayed according to stereotypes which vary depending on the origins of those people. Notably, inhabitants of the places identified in the sagas as Írland, Skotland and Vínland are portrayed as being less civilized than the Icelanders themselves. This thesis explores the ways in which the Íslendingasögur emphasize this relative barbarity through descriptions of diet, material culture, style of warfare, and character. These characteristics are discussed in relation to parallel descriptions of Icelandic characters and lifestyle within the Íslendingasögur, and also in the context of a tradition in contemporary European literature which portrayed the Icelanders themselves as barbaric. Innovatively, comparisons are made with descriptions of barbarians in classical Roman texts, primarily Sallust, but also Caesar and Tacitus. Taking into account the availability and significance of classical learning in medieval Iceland, the comparison with Roman texts yields striking similarities between Roman and Icelandic ideas about barbarians. It is argued that the depiction of foreigners in the Íslendingasögur is almost identical to that of ancient Roman authors, and that the medieval Icelanders had both means and motive to use Roman ideas for inspiration in their own portrayal of the world. Ultimately it is argued that when the medieval Icelanders contemplated the peoples their Viking Age ancestors encountered around the world, they drew on classical ideas of the barbarian to complement the mix of oral tradition, literary inspiration and contemporary circumstance that otherwise form the Íslendingasögur.
16
Fernandes, Saraiva Daniela. "Idées politiques et projets de réformes constitutionnelles chez Salluste." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020129.
Full textAbstract:
La vocation historiographique de Salluste est une analyse des causes et des conséquences de la crise républicaine ainsi qu'une ultime tentative de sauvetage de la République romaine. Salluste place le début de la décadence romaine à la chute de Carthage. Il y voit deux causes: l'auaritia et l'ambitio. Ces deux fléaux ont une action différente et complémentaire dans le processus de dégénérescence de la République romaine. L'auaritia met fin à l'antique virtus romaine et supprime la libertas. Ce premier fléau transforme la République aristocratique des Anciens Romains en une oligarchie corrompue. Cette réalité est source de conflits et pousse le peuple à se chercher des libérateurs. Ces derniers se présentent comme des sauveurs, mais dans le seul but d'instituer un pouvoir personnel. Ils sont l'image vivante de l'ambitio. Ce second fléau, qui procède de l'auaritia, se cache sous le masque d'un faux élan de régénérescence, car ces hommes providentiels ne luttent que pour leur propre puissance. Rome n'assistera plus à des luttes pour la liberté mais à des affrontements d'ambitions personnelles et l'oligarchie dégénèrera à son tour en tyrannie. Face à cette fatale évolution, Salluste propose des réformes capables de sauver la République romaine. Il apporte des remèdes aux deux vices corrupteurs de sa cité. Son premier objectif est de briser l'influence des libérateurs, de lutter contre leur ambitio. Il y parvient en permettant à la plèbe urbaine de recouvrer une indépendance économique et en affermissant les droits politiques de l'ensemble des citoyens romains. Mais il s'attaque aussi à l'auaritia, cause de l'ambitio, afin d'éviter la dégénérescence de la République aristocratique romaine en oligarchie. Pour y parvenir, il propose de faire de la virtus une Institution gouvernementale. Il souhaite réintroduire dans les mentalités romaines le culte de la cité, le sens de l'intérêt général. Il propose ainsi de créer une nouvelle nobilitas fondée sur la virtus comme aux origines de la République et d'offrir à ses contemporains un modèle de constitution idéale. Cette nouvelle nobilitas assurera la sauvegarde de la meilleure des constitutions. Salluste a été l'ultime thérapeute de la crise républicaine. Sa thérapeutique s'inscrit dans une véritable théorie de sauvegarde des régimes politiques, car elle est destinée à sortir la République de la crise mais aussi à garantir sa survie.
17
Empli, Fabrice. "L'art du récit historique dans les monographies de Salluste." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040150.
Full textAbstract:
Notre travail examine les deux monographies de l'historien latin Salluste, La conjuration de Catilina et La guerre de Jugurtha, pour montrer que la forme littéraire élaborée par l'écrivain lui permet de poursuivre une activité politique et de participer à la réflexion sur son époque et les troubles qui la marquent. Dans une première partie, nous caractérisons les grands traits de son style et les diverses composantes du récit sallustien (prologue, passages narratifs, discours au style direct, digressions) pour montrer que les choix faits par Salluste sont des prises de position par rapport à certaines traditions de l'historiographie : en suivant la voie tracée par Thucydide, il revendique son intention d'écrire un récit fondé sur l'intelligence et la rationalité. La deuxième phase de notre étude porte sur la structure des deux ouvrages et les principaux procédés de mise en scène, où il apparait que la méthode de Salluste consiste à faire de son récit une démonstration associée à un traitement dramatique des évènements. L'accent est mis sur les principes de causalité, si bien que le récit donne lieu à une réflexion sur la psychologie des grands hommes dans le cours de l'histoire. A partir des évènements racontes est élaborée une analyse des valeurs politiques qui ont assuré la concorde de Rome pendant plusieurs siècles, à travers laquelle l'historien saisit les origines profondes de la crise et des guerres civiles qui affaiblissent Rome au premier siècle avant notre ère : puisque les hommes se sont soumis aux passions et à la corruption, la cité est déchirée par des luttes d'ambition qui font passer les intérêts des individus avant le bien de la communauté. L'art du récit met en relief le pessimisme de Salluste qui donne un reflet fidèle de l'instabilité de son époque, en montrant que les principes de la république sont irrémédiablement détruits et que Rome est condamnée à être dominée par un individu uniqueThis work deals with Latin historian Sallust and his both monographs, which are Catilinae bellum and Bellum iugurthinum. The author tries to show that the literary form elaborated by the writer allows him to continue such political activities but also take part in some reflexions about his time and its confusions. At first, the most important features of Sallust’s style and such typical narrative components are described (prologue, narrative passages, discourses, digressions) with a view to show that Sallust’s choices correspond to his positions towards some traditions of historiography: the writer follows the way that Thucydides had marked and claims his intention to write an account which would be founded on intelligence and rationality. Afterwards, the paper points to the structure of both Sallust’s works and the principal ways of his build-up. It seems that Sallust’s method consists in transforming his narrative into demonstration associated with a dramatical treatment of events. Principles of causality are especially examined, so that narrative leads to a reflexion about the psychology of important men in the history. An analysis of political values, which have assured the harmony in Rome during several centuries, is elaborated according to events. This harmony allows observing the real civil wars and crisis origins which had weakened Rome in the first century b. C. Since men are submissive to passions and corruption, the order in the city is transformed into ambitions of some people and these seem to be more important than the whole community. The author comes to the conclusion that the art of account brings out Sallust’s pessimism showing in the perfect way the instability of his time. However, it proves that republic principles are irremediably ruined; from now on, will be dominated by an only individual
18
Ginsburg, Alexander David. "Climate Change and Culture Change in Salluit, Quebec, Canada." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12166.
Full textAbstract:
xiv, 143 p.The amplified effects of climate change in the Arctic are well known and, according to many commentators, endanger Inuit cultural integrity. However, the specific connections between climate change and cultural change are understudied. This thesis explores the relationship between climatic shifts and culture in the Inuit community of Salluit, Quebec, Canada. Although residents of Salluit are acutely aware of climate change in their region and have developed causal explanations for the phenomenon, most Salluit residents do not characterize climate change as a threat to Inuit culture. Instead, they highlight the damaging impacts of globalization and internal colonialism as a more serious problem. This counter-narrative suggests that focusing narrowly on climate change can obscure the broader and more immediate challenges facing Inuit communities. Such a realization demonstrates the need for researchers to locate climate change within a matrix of non-climatic challenges in order to mitigate threats to indigenous cultures.
Committee in charge: Susan W. Hardwick, Chairperson; Alexander B. Murphy, Chairperson; Michael Hibbard, Member
19
Rosenblitt, J. Alison. "The speeches in Sallust's Historiae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508682.
Full text
20
Dix, Christina Viola. "Virtutes und vitia Interpretationen der Charakterzeichnungen in Sallusts Bellum Iugurthinum." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2852240&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full text
21
Modenese, Luciane. "Salles do real : relações entre sujeitos e contextos nos documentarios de Walter Salles." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284685.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcius Cesar Soares FreireDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Modenese_Luciane_M.pdf: 8358177 bytes, checksum: f88dc682c27df29a1fc7d0a7092ddd5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Este trabalho propõe a análise da obra documental do diretor Walter Salles, através de quatro documentários produzidos entre 1987 e 2002. Para tanto, discute cada um desses filmes de maneira a encontrar traços que caracterizem o modo com que o diretor realiza as narrativas no gênero.
Abstract: This dissertation proposes the analysis of the documentary work of director Walter Salles, through four documentaries produced between 1987 and 2002. It discusses each of these films in order to find aspects that characterize the way in which the director performs the narratives in the type concerned.
Mestrado
Mestre em Multimeios
22
Leblanc, Anne-Marie. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du régime thermique du pergélisol de la vallée de Salluit au Québec nordique en fonction de différents scénarios de réchauffement climatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29687/29687.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de la présente étude, un modèle géothermique tridimensionnel du pergélisol a été développé pour la toute première fois à l’échelle locale d’un village nordique afin d’évaluer les impacts des changements climatiques sur le pergélisol. Ce village est celui de Salluit au Québec nordique dans la zone de pergélisol continu. La majeure partie des infrastructures de ce village sont fondées sur un pergélisol salin riche en glace vulnérable aux changements climatiques. Le code numérique d’HydroGeoSphere a été modifié pour simuler la transmission de la chaleur par conduction avec changement de phase et tenir compte de la variation des propriétés thermiques du sol avec la température. Différents scénarios de changements climatiques lors du prochain siècle ont été utilisés pour alimenter le modèle géothermique. La variabilité spatiale du régime thermique du pergélisol simulée à l’échelle d’un village nordique est majeure lorsque l’hétérogénéité des dépôts, leur contenu en glace et les différentes conditions de surface observées sur le terrain sont considérés dans une modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle. L’influence des flux de chaleur latéraux dans cette modélisation produit des résultats qui sont dans certains cas significativement différents de ceux simulés au moyen d’un modèle unidimensionnel, particulièrement pour les sols sous d’importantes congères. Selon les scénarios de changements climatiques jugés pessimistes pour le maintien du pergélisol, un talik permanent se formera à partir de la seconde moitié du 21ième siècle sous les congères, en bordure d’un remblai routier où la neige et l’eau de fonte s’accumule à la surface d’un sol mal drainé et dans l’argile saline du secteur nord-est du village de Salluit. L’épaisseur maximale du talik à la fin du 21ième siècle varie entre 1,3 et 19,3 m respectivement dans l’argile et le roc sous les congères, alors qu’elle est de 2,8 m dans l’argile saline du secteur nord-est. Seuls les tills et le roc recouverts par d’importantes congères seront affectés par la présence d’un talik à la toute fin du 21ième siècle advenant un réchauffement climatique optimiste. Une dégradation plus importante du pergélisol sous les remblais routiers que pour un même sol en terrain naturel sous un couvert nival mince est à prévoir selon les scénarios climatiques pessimistes. Les infrastructures contruites sur des remblais seront potentiellement affectées par des tassements différentiels.
23
Melsbach, Detlef. "Bildung und Religion : Strukturen paganer Theologie in Salustios' "Perì theōn kaì kósmou /." Hamburg : Dr. Kovač, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41144196q.
Full text
24
Barrette, Carl. "Simulations numériques et projections des variations de l'épaisseur de la couche active du pergélisol à Salluit jusqu'en 2025." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27501/27501.pdf.
Full text
25
L'Hérault, Emmanuel. "Contexte climatique critique favorable au déclenchement de ruptures de mollisol dans la vallée de Salluit, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26580/26580.pdf.
Full text
26
Bouchara, Syryn. "Mise en place d'un réseau sans fil de capteurs déployés à Salluit." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33046.
Full textAbstract:
Pour suivre les effets du changement climatique et aider à la compréhension et la capacité de prédiction, des capteurs ont été installés dans le nord du Québec. Salluit à Nunavik est parmi les villages où un ensemble de capteurs a été installé. Cependant, la collecte de ces données est manuellement effectuée une fois par an par des scientifiques. Étant donné l’importance de ces informations, le chantier 1.5 du projet Sentinelle Nord vise à mesurer, enregistrer, et envoyer les données en temps réel. Notre projet a d’abord pour but l’installation d’un réseau sans fil permettant aux capteurs de transmettre les données tout au long de l’année, pour anticiper les risques et dommages. La conception du projet a été lancée en 2016 et les premiers travaux ont eu lieu en été 2017. Après une collecte de données réussie pendant les premiers mois suivants l’installation, des problèmes de réseau LTE sont survenus. La connexion LTE n’étant point fiable, les capteurs n’ont été visibles de l’université qu’entre 5 et 9% du temps, avant une perte totale du signal LTE à partir du mois de janvier 2017. Les conditions environnementales et météorologiques de la région ont confirmé les défis rencontrés de tels systèmes de collecte de données sans fil. Dans ce mémoire, nous détaillons les étapes prises pour déployer un tel réseau de capteurs dans des conditions extrêmes et inconnues. Nous expliquons aussi les défis, les problèmes et les limitations rencontrés lors du projet et donnons des recommandations et améliorations pour le futur.To monitor the effects of climate change and to help the understanding and predictability, sensors have been installed in northern Québec. Salluit in Nunavik is among the villages of which a set of sensors has been installed. However, the collection of this data is manually done once a year by scientists. Given the importance of this information, Sentinel North project site 1.5 aims to measure, record, and send data in real time. Our project is primarily aimed at installing a wireless network that allows sensors to transmit data throughout the year, to anticipate risks and damages. The project design was launched in 2016, and the first work took place in summer 2017. After a successful data collection during the first months after installation, LTE network problems have occurred. Since the LTE connection is not reliable, the sensors were only visible from the university between 5% and 9% of the time, before a total loss of the LTE signal starting in January 2017. Environmental and meteorological conditions of the region have confirmed the challenges faced by such a system of wireless data collection. In this thesis, we detail the steps taken to deploy such a sensor network under extreme and unknown conditions. We also explain the challenges, problems and limitations encountered during the project and give recommendations and improvement for the future.
27
Ouzilleau, Samson David. "Paléoécologie d'un complexe tourbeux surmontant une terrasse située à l'embouchure de la rivière Guichaud, région de Salluit, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25220/25220.pdf.
Full text
28
Lévesque, Anne Marie. "Salluit : analyse et reconstitution d'événements climatiques significatifs pertinents à l'aménagement du territoire et à la sécurité publique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26621/26621.pdf.
Full text
29
Fouché, Julien. "Effets du réchauffement climatique sur le fonctionnement biogéochimique de deux cryosols arctiques dans la région de Salluit, Nunavik, Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25418.
Full textAbstract:
Thèse en cotutelle: Université Laval Québec, Canada et Aix Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, FranceL’augmentation de la décomposition de la matière organique des cryosols arctiques sous l’effet du réchauffement et de la dégradation du pergélisol contribuerait à une rétroaction positive sur les changements climatiques. Nous étudions les interactions entre le régime thermique, le comportement hydrique et le fonctionnement biogéochimique de deux cryosols, l’un développé dans une tourbière (cryosol histique : H) et l’autre dans des argiles marines postglaciaires (cryosol turbique : T), en conditions naturelles et réchauffées expérimentalement. Les profils ont été instrumentés à Salluit (Nunavik, Canada ; 62°14’N, 75°38’W) et les mesures ont été faites pendant les étés 2010 et 2011. Du fait des propriétés isolantes de la tourbe, la couche active du site H est moins épaisse que celle du site T. Le réchauffement augmente la respiration de l’écosystème (ER) de manière plus intense pour H que pour T, bien que ER pour H soit plus faible. La sensibilité thermique de ER (Q10) est supérieure pour T que pour H et diminue avec le réchauffement pour les deux sols. L’étude montre que les cycles journaliers de ER forment des hystérésis en fonction de la température de surface du sol. L’explication de la variance de ER est améliorée lorsqu’on prend en compte la température minimale de la journée et la profondeur du front de dégel pour H. Pour T, l’ajout de la vitesse du vent et la radiation solaire améliore l’explication de la variance de ER. Nous montrons trois dynamiques spécifiques aux écosystèmes nordiques : 1) ER est dépendante des propriétés du sol et de la composition de la solution du sol ; 2) des variables thermo-indépendantes affectent significativement ER et 3) Q10 évolue au cours de la journée, la respiration basale varie d’une année sur l’autre. La décomposition de la matière organique serait la principale source de CO2 pour H alors que les processus végétaux contrôleraient ER pour T. L’approfondissement du front de dégel contrôle les concentrations des solutés dans la solution des deux cryosols. Nos résultats contribuent à la compréhension et à l’extrapolation des mesures ponctuelles dans les écosystèmes de toundra, pouvant amener à l’amélioration de la modélisation du cycle du carbone dans les cryosols. Mots clés : cryosol histique et turbique, modélisation thermique, teneur en eau volumique, toundra, réchauffement expérimental, respiration de l’écosystème, solution du sol, pergélisol arctique, décomposition de la matière organique, respiration dérivée de la végétation.
Increased organic mater decomposition rate in Arctic Cryosols due to warming and to permafrost thawing can lead to the release of greenhouse gases, thus potentially creating a positive feedback on climate change. We aim to assess the interactions between the thermal regime, the hydric behaviour and the biogeochemical functioning of two different permafrostaffected soils (i.e. Cryosols), one being developed in frozen peat (Histic Cryosol: H), the other being developed in postglacial marine clays (Turbic Cryosol: T), both in natural conditions and under an experimental warming. Profiles were instrumented in Salluit (Nunavik, Canada; 62°14’N, 75°38’W) and monitored during summers 2010 and 2011. Both thermal monitoring and modeling results stressed differences between sites due to the insulating properties of dried peat in summer the active layer at the H site is thinner than at the T site. The induced warming increased CO2 fluxes in both soils; this impact was however more striking at H even if ecosystem respiration (ER) was lower than at T. Temperature sensitivity of ER (Q10), which decreased with warming, was higher at T than at H. We highlighted that diurnal ER cycles showed hysteretic loops as a function of soil surface temperatures. Linear models performed to explain ER variance were improved when we added daily minimum temperature and thaw front depth at H. In contrast at T, adding wind speed and solar radiation in models improved the ER variance explanation. We showed three specific CO2 flux dynamics related to northern ecosystems: 1) the large difference of ER depending on soil properties and soil solution composition; 2) environmental variables strongly alter CO2 fluxes and 3) the diurnal Q10 variations and the inter annual variability of basal respiration. Our results support the assumption that organic matter decomposition might be the major source of CO2 at H while plant-derived processes dominated ER at T. Finally, the thaw front depth controlled solute concentrations in the soil solution at H and T. Our results contribute to understand and extrapolate the numerous punctual measurements of CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems, improving carbon cycle modeling in Cryosols. Keywords: Histic and Turbic Cryosol, Thermal modeling, Volumetric water content, Tundra, Experimental warming, Ecosystem respiration, Soil solution, Arctic permafrost, Organic matter decomposition, Plant-derived respiration.
30
Swithinbank, Hannah J. "Talking politics : constructing the res publica after Caesar’s assassination." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/910.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of the Republican constitution has been much contested by scholars studying the history of the Roman Republic. In considering the problems of the late Republic, the nature of the constitution is an important question, for if we do not understand what the constitution was, how can we explain Rome’s transition from ‘Republic’ to ‘Empire’? Such a question is particularly pertinent when looking at events at Rome following the assassination of Caesar, as we try to understand why it was that the Republic, as we understand it as a polity without a sole ruler, was not restored. This thesis examines the Roman understanding of the constitution in the aftermath of Caesar’s death and argues that for the Romans the constitution was a contested entity, its proper nature debated and fought over, and that this contest led to conflict on the political stage, becoming a key factor in the failure to restore the Republic and the establishment of the Second Triumvirate. The thesis proposes a new methodology for the examination of the constitution, employing modern critical theories of discourse and the formation of knowledge to establish and analyse the Roman constitution as a discursive entity: interpreted, contested and established through discourse. I argue that the Roman knowledge of the proper nature of the constitution of the res publica had fractured by the time of Caesar’s death and that this fracturing led to multiple understandings of the constitution. In this thesis I describe the state of Rome in 44-43 B.C. to reveal these multiple understandings of the constitution, and undertake an analysis of the discourse of Cicero and Sallust after 44 B.C. in order to describe the way in which different understandings of the constitution were formulated and expressed. Through this examination this thesis shows that the expression and interrelation of these multiple understandings in Roman political discourse made arrival at a unified agreement on a common course of action all but impossible and that this combined with the volatile atmosphere at Rome after Caesar’s death played a major role in Rome’s slide towards civil war and the eventual establishment of a different political system.
31
Ryan, John Joseph. "Geography and the construction of character in Sallust's Jugurtha." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1232986851.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisors: William A. Johnson PhD (Committee Chair), Harold C. Gotoff PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 2, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Sallust; Roman geography; Roman ethnography; Roman historiography; Character; Roman history; Roman historians; Roman ethics; virtus. Includes bibliographical references.
32
Blais, Jonathan. "Les impacts sociaux de la mine Raglan auprès des communautés inuit de Salluit de Kangiqsujuaq." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25779.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire vise à documenter et analyser les impacts sociaux de la mine Raglan, en opération depuis 1998, sur les communautés inuit de Salluit et de Kangiqsujuaq afin de mieux saisir les conséquences de tels projets sur les populations inuit du Nunavik. L’ouverture et la mise en opération de projets miniers de cet ampleur n’est certes pas sans conséquences pour les populations locales particulièrement en contexte nordique. De fait, les redevances minières versées aux communautés, le système de fly-in, fly-out bien souvent mis en place, les emplois créés ou même l’utilisation du territoire qui diffère de par la présence d’un complexe minier apporte son lot de changement. Cependant, nous en savons peu sur les impacts sociaux des projets miniers réalisés au Nunavik. En étudiant et en comparant les impacts sociaux de Raglan sur les communautés de Salluit et Kangiqsujuaq, cette recherche vise à combler ces lacunes et apporter un nouvel éclairage sur l'impact de l'exploitation minière au Nunavik. MOTS CLÉS : Impacts sociaux, exploitation minière, Nunavik, Salluit, Kangiqsujuaq, Inuit, mine Raglan, Entente Raglan, ententes sur les répercussions et avantages (ERA).This research is an attempt to document and analyze the social impacts of the Raglan Mine on the communities of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq in order to further understand the consequences of such projects on the inuit populations of Nunavik. Nunavik is facing an unprecedented mining boom. Extractive companies are attracted by its considerable mineral resources. Following the promotion of mining development by the Quebec Government, the level of exploration and exploitation is unprecedented North of the 49th parallel. However, the large-scale development of the mining industry is not without consequences for the Inuit people of Nunavik that will be the first to feel the impacts of these mining projects. However, we know little about the social impacts of mining projects taking place in Nunavik. By studying and comparing the social impacts of Raglan on the communities of Salluit and Kangiqsujuaq, this research aims to help bridge these gaps and bring on new light to the impact of mining development in Nunavik. KEYWORDS: social impacts, mining development, Nunavik, Salluit, Kangiqsujuaq, Inuit, Raglan mine, Raglan Agreement, Impacts and benefits agreements (IBA).
33
Polack, Jean-Dominique. "La transmission de l'energie sonore dans les salles." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1011.
Full text
34
Polack, Jean-Dominique. "La Transmission de l'énergie sonore dans les salles." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617594t.
Full text
35
Emerit, Marc. "Simulation binaurale de l'acoustique de salles de concert." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0100.
Full textAbstract:
Une methode geometrique de propagation de cones associee a des techniques de traitement de signal est utilisee pour calculer la reponse impulsionnelle binaurale d'une salle de spectacle, c'est a dire les deux reponses impulsionnelles entre la source et le conduit auditif de chacune des oreilles d'un auditeur dans la salle. Des tests d'ecoute de salles non encore construites peuvent etre realises en convoluant les reponses impulsionnelles avec des enregistrements musicaux effectues en salle sourde. Ce travail a necessite la mesure des fonctions de transfert de l'oreille externe. En complement a ces mesures une etude statistique de ces fonctions a ete menee a l'aide l'analyse en composantes independantes afin de trouver un jeu de fonctions de base independant de la personne
36
Malfugeon, Magali. "Le pouvoir des épouses d'empereur : de Livia Drusilla à Sallustia Orbiana." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX1A106.
Full textAbstract:
De 27 av. J-C à 235, les impératrices, dont les éléments biographiques sont connus par les sources anciennes et l'épigraphie, possèdent les origines, les richesses et les connaissances nécessaires pour détenir une importante influence au Palatin. Conseillères de l'empereur, certaines (Livie, Agrippine, Faustine la Jeune, Julia Domna) exercent leur pouvoir aussi bien dans le domaine politique (organisation de la succession et de conjurations) quéconomique (gestion des finances), dans les affaires étrangères (réception des ambassades) que dans le domaine militaire (organisation de la cérémonie triomphale). Leur pouvoir repose sur une réseau de collaborateurs mais aussi sur de considérables richesses. Bénéficiant progressivment de nouveaux honneurs, les impératrices sont placées au premier plan de la propagande ; leur influence transparaît au travers de la numismatique et de la glyptique par l'intermédiaire de représentations souvent idéalisées visant à les assimiler à des divinités.
37
Dumont, Luiz Maria. "A formação do leitor na filmografia de Walter Salles." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7715.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-09-01T13:15:14Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Luiz Maria Dumont - 2017.pdf: 2441642 bytes, checksum: 5a51b110f6db31d66e66763e13f8b362 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T13:47:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Maria Dumont - 2017.pdf: 2441642 bytes, checksum: 5a51b110f6db31d66e66763e13f8b362 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T13:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Maria Dumont - 2017.pdf: 2441642 bytes, checksum: 5a51b110f6db31d66e66763e13f8b362 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21
This research focuses on the recognition of the importance and the need for emphasis on form readers of movies that they can find a common thread to understand the universe. The use of cinema as educational practice significantly facilitates the dialogue between curriculum content and the more general knowledge. The analysis of images and tools used by seventh art contribute to the development of critical understanding of the world and new forms of entertainment and thus the formation of the citizen. From the problematization of the cinema as able to transform the spectator into player and bolstered by theoretical supports Rosalia Duarte, Jacques Aumont and Robert Stam, among others, this research seeks to introduce paths for a pedagogical practice involving the film and school. In addition, presents a significant set of discussions and ideas that allow the formation of the reader, from a phenomenological analysis of tree films by Walter Salles, "Foreign Land" (1995), "Central of Brazil" (1998) and "Behind the Sun" (2001), as well as comment from other directors who influenced the field of film studies, art, culture and aesthetics. This dissertation seeks a response of dimensions that this theme, the cinema, has influenced the formation of the reader, search also the expansion of the concept of reading from a cinematic experience where the Viewer is participatory and recognize the language tags and the knowledge gained throughout their schooling. Search still incorporate the art of cinema to the cultural repertoire of the spectator, increasing, so your potential in a critical and reflective stance in life.
Esta dissertação centra-se no reconhecimento da importância, bem como da necessidade de ênfase em formar leitores de filmes que possam encontrar um fio condutor para compreender o universo cinematográfico. O uso do cinema como prática educativa facilita significativamente o diálogo entre os conteúdos curriculares e os conhecimentos mais gerais. A leitura e análise de imagens e de ferramentas utilizadas pela sétima arte contribuem para o desenvolvimento da compreensão crítica do mundo e das novas formas de entretenimento, proporcionando assim a formação do cidadão. A partir da problematização do cinema como capaz de transformar o espectador em leitor e amparado pelos suportes teóricos de Rosália Duarte, Jacques Aumont e Robert Stam, dentre outros, a presente pesquisa procura apresentar caminhos para uma prática pedagógica que envolva o cinema e a escola. Além disso, apresenta um conjunto significativo de discussões e ideias que possibilitem a formação do leitor, a partir de uma análise fenomenológica de três filmes de Walter Salles, “Terra Estrangeira” (1995), “Central do Brasil” (1998) e “Abril Despedaçado” (2001), além de tecer comentários de outros diretores que o influenciaram no campo da filmografia, da arte, da cultura e da estética. Essa dissertação busca uma resposta das dimensões que esse tema, o cinema, tem influenciado a formação do leitor, busca também a ampliação da concepção de leitura a partir de uma experiência cinematográfica em que o espectador seja participativo e reconheça as marcas de linguagem e os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo da escolaridade. Busca ainda incorporar a arte do cinema ao repertório cultural do espectador, ampliando, assim, sua potencialidade no exercício de uma postura crítica e reflexiva na vida.
38
Pinto, Rafael Spuldar. "Personagem e autoria no documentário de João Moreira Salles." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2063.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:45:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
000389497-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1335706 bytes, checksum: f23c89269ed87b370e8493b471cfb8c2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006Our goal is to reach the comprehension on how a documentary filmmaker turns into a cinematographic author, by analyzing his or her film`s characters. We believe that, in observing the construction of these narrative existents, one can identify some of the processes that lead to the film director’s manifested personal style, guaranteeing him or her a author status. This research`s object is the work of João Moreira Salles, one of Brazil’s most distinguished documentary filmmakers. We will investigate three selected scenes from Nelson Freire (2003), Entreatos (2004) and Futebol`s third chapter (1998). Our major interest in each segment is to observe the main characters and the traits that compose them, is to say, the actions and habits one can perceive on these existents through the narrative structrures. Our approach on the object is modeled by film analysis, following the scene description instruments proposed by Aumont and Marie. Serving as a guide to this observation, three typologies were defined: these are recurrent types that can bring a better comprehension on certain phenomenons connected to the research’s object. The typologies – character, nomadism and authorship – were conceived from a selection of ideas we consider fundamental in the investigation’s purposes and its chosen theme and objects.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo buscar a compreensão de como o diretor de documentários se configura em um autor cinematográfico, a partir da análise das personagens dos filmes que realiza. Acreditamos que, ao observar a construção dessas figuras inscritas na narrativa filmica, seremos capazes de identificar alguns dos processos que levam à manifestação de um estilo pessoal do cineasta, o que lhe conferiria um status autoral. Como objeto de pesquisa, tomaremos os filmes do diretor João Moreira Salles, um dos mais destacados documentaristas do Brasil. Serão observadas três cenas extraídas dos documentários Nelson Freire (2003), Entreatos (2004) e do terceiro capítulo da série de TV Futebol (1998). Dentro de cada um desses trechos, o interesse maior de nossa investigação se voltará para as personagens principais e os traços que as compõem, ou seja, suas ações e hábitos perceptíveis por meio das narrativas. Nossa aproximação do objeto teve como modelo a análise fílmica, seguindo os instrumentos descritivos propostos por Jacques Aumont. Para guiar nossa observação, foram definidas três tipologias, ou seja, tipos recorrentes que trariam uma melhor compreensão sobre certos fenômenos ligados ao objeto de pesquisa. Estas tipologias - personagem, nomadismo e autoria - foram elaboradas a partir de determinadas idéias que consideramos fundamentais na proposta de nossa investigação e nos temas e objetos de pesquisa escolhidos.
39
Nunes, Itana Nogueira. "David Salles: da crítica de rodapé a crítica universitária." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letra e Lingüística da UFBA, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11629.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-13T16:17:29Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese Itana Nunes.pdf: 3626843 bytes, checksum: 7abff774d45269b21b1084a299bcfdb0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T20:46:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Itana Nunes.pdf: 3626843 bytes, checksum: 7abff774d45269b21b1084a299bcfdb0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T20:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Itana Nunes.pdf: 3626843 bytes, checksum: 7abff774d45269b21b1084a299bcfdb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Este estudo examina uma seleção de textos jornalísticos e acadêmicos de David Salles com o objetivo de levantar todas as suas discussões sobre os escritores Jorge Amado e Xavier Marques, destacando o ponto de vista analítico deste crítico, a natureza da sua crítica e as teorias críticas presentes nesses textos. Assim, o intuito primordial desta pesquisa é a delineação do perfil intelectual de David Salles a partir dessas análises, como forma de destacar a importância dessas contribuições para os estudos literários, e em especial, sobre o fenômeno regionalista e a crítica literária brasileira.
Salvador
40
RIZZI, E. A. "Filogeografia de Terpides sooretamae Boldrini & Salles (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9424.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
tese_9605_EVANDRO-APOLINARIO-RIZZI_Dissertação_Biologia-Animal.pdf: 1512008 bytes, checksum: 1378ec6473a4e00bfedf7313d6179056 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-03-11Terpides sooretamae Boldrini & Salles 2009 ocorre em diferentes biomas brasileiros, em cursos dágua com características ecológicas e físicas diversificadas da Mata Atlântica e do Cerrado. A literatura aponta para uma série de casos em que espécies que ocorrem em regiões diferentes, situadas em biomas distintos, apresentam ampla variabilidade a nível molecular. Este trabalho focou em explorar a relação entre a estrutura populacional de Te. sooretamae e a sua capacidade de dispersão em um sistema geograficamente diverso, ecologicamente relevante e molecularmente não explorado: os padrões da estruturação genética de diferentes populações. Para isso foi utilizado um total de 82 indivíduos; os mesmos foram submetidos à extração do DNA genômico e amplificação de duas regiões do mtDNA (COI e COII), purificação e sequenciamento. As sequências foram conferidas na ferramenta de busca por similaridade, alinhadas e editadas. Foram conduzidas análises filogenéticas de máxima-verossimilhança, diversidade haplotípica e geração de redes de haplótipos, AMOVA, testes de neutralidade e distribuição mismatch. Os resultados evidenciaram uma relação próxima entre os indivíduos do Sudeste e de Nordeste, com baixas taxas de variabilidade entre as sequências obtidas, sendo possível afirmar que as populações do Sudeste e do Nordeste mantêm fluxo gênico bidirecional. Os valores de Fs de Fu e D de Tajima e os gráficos de distribuição mismatch sugerem que ambas estão em processo de expansão populacional recente. As populações de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul apresentaram divergência alta em relação às populações do Sudeste e do Nordeste, sendo que Mato Grosso do Sul apresentou valores extremos. As populações de Mato Grosso do Sul, com alta variabilidade molecular em relação às demais populações e com uma posição distante das mesmas na árvore de máxima-verossimilhança, podem se tratar de uma espécie distinta de Te. sooretamae. Palavras-chave: dispersão, Mata Atlântica, fluxo gênico, diversidade críptica
41
Gagnon, Samuel. "Measurement of permafrost greenhouse gas emissions through a new automated system of closed chambers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26293.
Full textAbstract:
Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2015-2016Le réchauffement de l’Arctique a le potentiel d’affecter le climat global par le dégel du pergélisol engendrant des émissions accrues de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Ces émissions sont cependant difficiles à quantifier puisque les méthodes conventionnellement utilisées sont généralement onéreuses et souvent très laborieuses. À l’aide d’un nouveau système automatisé de chambres fermées développé pour cette étude, ce projet visait à mesurer les émissions de GES provenant du pergélisol dans une tourbière située à Salluit, au Nunavik. Les émissions ont été quantifiées sous différentes conditions environnementales afin de simuler le réchauffement climatique et déterminer les effets des variations spatiales sur les émissions de GES. Les résultats démontrent que le nouveau système produit des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec un système commercial existant. La température était le principal facteur affectant la variabilité de la ER et les plus grandes émissions de GES provenaient du site saturé en eau. Mots-clés: Pergélisol, Arctique, Changements climatiques, Toundra, Tourbière polygonale, Respiration de l’écosystème, Chambre fermée, Gaz à effet de serre, Décomposition, Réchauffement expérimental.
Warming in the Arctic has the potential to affect the global climate through permafrost thaw leading to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, these emissions are difficult to quantify because the methods conventionally used are often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. With a new automated system of closed chambers developed for this study, this project aimed to measure permafrost GHG emissions in a polygonal peatland located near Salluit, Nunavik. The emissions were quantified under different environmental conditions in order to simulate climate warming and to determine the effect of spatial variability on GHG emissions. Results show that the new system yields results comparable to those obtained with an existing commercial system. Temperature was the principal factor influencing ecosystem respiration variability and the largest GHG emissions were measured on the water-saturated plot. Keywords: Permafrost, Arctic, Climate change, Tundra, Polygonal peatland, Ecosystem respiration, Closed chamber, Greenhouse gas, Decomposition, Experimental warming.
42
Pelorson, Xavier. "Pertinence des paramètres objectifs utilisés pour caractériser la qualité acoustique d'une salle." Le Mans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEMA1019.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est consacre a l'etude et a l'analyse des parametres objectifs destines a caracteriser la qualite acoustique d'une salle. Dans une premiere partie, nous decrivons les principaux parametres ainsi que quelques techniques de mesure avec leurs avantages et leurs inconvenients. Compte tenu des fortes correlations entre certains parametres nous limitons, par la suite, notre etude a cinq d'entre eux, peu dependants les uns des autres. Une nouvelle approche de la pertinence des parametres objectifs est alors presentee. Nous avons decide, en effet de delaisser l'analyse classique des preferences au profit de l'etude des resultats de mesure en eux-memes. La seconde partie est consacree aux problemes specifiques a la mesure des parametres. L'influence de chaque element de la chaine de mesure est ainsi abordee, analysee et, lorsque cela est possible, minimisee. La variabilite spatiale des parametres est ensuite etudiee. Nous presentons, sur la base d'exemples concrets, quelques consequences des fluctuations observees (comparaison des mesures d'equipes differentes, discrimination entre deux salles. . . ). La derniere partie concerne l'etude statistique des parametres. La justification des hypotheses statistiques de base nous conduit a considerer la distribution des parametres a l'interieur d'une salle. Celle-ci est tout d'abord confrontee a un modele theorique, puis comparee entre salles. Enfin, deux analyses statistiques sont presentees et interpretees. La premiere, est une analyse en composantes principales et porte sur les connections mutuelles des parametres. La seconde, est une analyse des correlations entre les parametres et certaines grandeurs architecturales
43
Zimmermann, Cintia Alen. "Memória e identidade da praça Pádua Salles em Amparo - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-26052010-101442/.
Full textAbstract:
Investigando aspectos da configuração e dos usos dos espaços da Praça Pádua Salles, município de Amparo S.P. no passado e no presente, além dos significados a ela atribuídos no decorrer do tempo, o trabalho busca responder em que se baseiam suas identidade e memória. Pretende construir a memória da Praça a partir de um levantamento sobre a sua história que referencia a história da cidade. Analisa, também, construções e usos da Praça no cotidiano em que ela se apresenta como espaço de convívio, lazer e cívico. No decorrer do trabalho, a Praça é analisada em relação à cidade: à sua evolução urbana, à preservação do patrimônio histórico e cultural e às estratégias atuais de desenvolvimento urbano de Amparo. Por fim, o trabalho busca sintetizar o universo de informações levantadas, indagando a identidade da Praça e apontando diretrizes de projeto para a Praça Pádua Salles do amanhã. Faz referências às noções de permanências, coração da cidade e lugar. Também, da cidade que, por suas características culturais e conformação histórica tem, no presente, sua identidade vinculada ao passado, embora seja provida de informação atual expressa por intervenções urbanas que enxergam o futuro. Portanto, da cidade que se mantém em harmonia com o ontem e o hoje, com a cultura e o ambiente local.Investigating aspects of the past and current configurations and uses of the spaces of Praça Pádua Salles (Amparo, S.P.) as well as the significance attributed to the site over time, this work attempts to identify the basis for the squares identity and memory. It intends to reconstruct Praça Pádua Salles´s memory with a survey about its history that uses the history of the city of Amparo as a reference point. The work analyzes the constructions and uses of the square in daily life, when it appears as a space for social, recreational, and civic gatherings. As the work progresses, the square is analyzed in relation to Amparos urban evolution, the preservation of the citys historical and cultural heritages, as well as the citys current urban development strategies. Finally, the work summarizes all the information gathered and ponders upon the squares identity, suggesting guidelines for a future Praça Pádua Salles project. The work makes references to the notions of permanency, heart of a city, and site. Also, it makes reference to a city that, because of its cultural characteristics and historical conformation, has its current identity linked to the past even though it is provided with current knowledge, as shown by urban interventions that have the future in mind. The city, therefore, remains in harmony with yesterday and today, as well as with the local culture and environment.
44
Silva, Denise Tavares da. "As viagens de Salles, Solanas e Sarquís: identidade em travessias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-01072011-140231/.
Full textAbstract:
Este projeto analisa quatro filmes da América Latina que têm como ponto comum o fato de estarem centrados em personagens que realizam viagens em seus países de origem (dois filmes) e na América do Sul (outros dois). O objetivo é demarcar nestas obras construídas sob a necessidade do deslocamento, dados constitutivos de identidade e pertencimento a uma dada geografia física e humana. Os que percorrem a América Latina são Diários de Motocicleta, dirigido pelo brasileiro Walter Salles e El viaje la aventura de ser joven, do cineasta argentino Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. Os que centram suas narrativas em território nacional são Central do Brasil, também de Walter Salles, e Facundo, la sombra del tigre, do diretor argentino Nicolás Sarquís. O estudo aborda a relação dessas obras com o contexto cultural e político da América Latina dos anos 60, com destaque pontual a Brasil e Argentina, e discute como se apropriam do gênero road movie. Defende, ainda, que os quatro expõem e traduzem uma das tensões centrais da pós-modernidade, que é a sua convivência com o universo cultural da chamada modernidade sólida. Tal procedimento deriva principalmente da condição de percorrer a estrada e nela afirmar uma identidade configurada por valores quase sempre idealizados e nostálgicos, formando um conjunto de filmes que expressa a persistência das ficções-nacionais e pan-continentais no cinema contemporâneo de Brasil e Argentina.This project will analyze four Latin American movies that have in common the fact of being centered in characters that travel around their country of origin (two movies) and South America (two other movies). The objective is to demarcate in these movies, which were built under the need of displacement, relevant information regarding the identity and belonging of a given physical and human geography.The two movies that take place in Latin America are Diários de Motocicleta, directed by the Brazilian Walter Salles and El viaje la aventura de ser joven, from the Argentinean filmmaker Fernando Ezequiel Pino Solanas. The other two movies that focus their narratives on national territory are Central do Brasil also from Walter Salles and Facundo, la sombra del tigre from Argentinean director Nicolás Sarquís. The study addresses the relationship of these works with the political and cultural context in Latin America on the 60s, with focus on Brazil and Argentina, and discusses how these movies also appropriate the road movie style. It also defends the idea that these movies expose and reflect one of the central tensions of post-modernity, which is its coexistence with the cultural universe called solid modernity. This procedure comes mainly from the condition of riding the road and on it reaffirming an identity shaped by values that are, almost always, idealized and nostalgic, forming a set of films that express the persistency of national fixation and pan-continental for Brazil and Argentinas contemporary cinema.
45
Silva, Neisi Maria da Guia. "A EXPERIÊNCIA DA INFÂNCIA EM “ABRIL DESPEDAÇADO” DE WALTER SALLES." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/4055.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T18:12:34Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
NEISI MARIA DA GUIA SILVA.pdf: 9712621 bytes, checksum: e132a6645694c8060846744d24e15c12 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T18:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NEISI MARIA DA GUIA SILVA.pdf: 9712621 bytes, checksum: e132a6645694c8060846744d24e15c12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-14
SILVA, Neisi Maria da Guia. The experience of childhood in “Abril Despedaçado”.152 f. Thesis (Post-Graduate Program in Education) - Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, 2018. Thesis linked to the Education, Society and Culture Research Line of the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC-GO), in the field of studies between Childhood, Literature and Cinema, investigating, in bibliographical character, the childhood. For the study in question, we bring the work Abril Despedaçado, checking the transit between literature and cinema of Ismail Kadaré's work (2007) and in the homonymous work of Walter Salles (2001), emphasizing the childhood represented in the film work. Childhood here is established as inherent in all human beings and is established in/by the language. For this analysis we bring the child, the subject who sees himself capable of saying the unspeakable, which is precisely what language must presuppose in order to be meant. The concept of childhood is accessible only to a thought that has effected that "pure elimination of the unspeakable in language" according to Agamben (2005). Thus, we seek in the Pacu Character words that flee from the world of those who no longer allow themselves to say what goes on in the life of a family marked by death from the ancestral struggle between families by land ownership.
SILVA, Neisi Maria da Guia. A experiência da infância em “Abril Despedaçado” de Walter Salles. 2018, 152 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018. Tese vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Cultura do Programa de Pósgraduação em Educação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-Goiás), no campo de estudos entre a Infância, a Literatura, o Cinema, investigando, em caráter bibliográfico, a infância. Para o estudo em questão trazemos a obra Abril Despedaçado, verificando como ocorre o trânsito entre a literatura e o cinema da obra de Ismail Kadaré (2007) e na obra homônima de Walter Salles (2001), enfatizando a infância representada na obra fílmica. A infância aqui estabelecida é a inerente a todos os seres humanos e é constituída na/pela linguagem. Para esta análise trazemos a criança, sujeito que se vê capaz de dizer o indizível, que é precisamente aquilo que a linguagem deve pressupor para poder significar. O conceito de infância é acessível a um pensamento que tenha efetuado aquela “puríssima eliminação do indizível na linguagem”, conforme nos aponta Agamben (2005). Sendo assim, buscamos no personagem Pacu as palavras que fogem do mundo daqueles que já não se permitem dizer o que se passa na vida de uma família marcada pela morte advinda da luta ancestral entre famílias pela posse da terra.
46
Oliveto, Karla Aléssio. "Vicente Salles : trajetória pessoal e procedimentos de pesquisa em Música." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1621.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Música, 2007.Submitted by Priscilla Brito Oliveira (priscilla.b.oliveira@gmail.com) on 2009-09-06T00:39:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Karla_Oliveto.pdf: 3133322 bytes, checksum: 02d6925048c29594e87235015616b910 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Tania Milca Carvalho Malheiros(tania@bce.unb.br) on 2009-09-08T12:52:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Karla_Oliveto.pdf: 3133322 bytes, checksum: 02d6925048c29594e87235015616b910 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2009-09-08T12:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_Karla_Oliveto.pdf: 3133322 bytes, checksum: 02d6925048c29594e87235015616b910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
O presente trabalho trata de aspectos biográficos e de parte da obra de Vicente Salles (Caripi, Pará, 1931) – antropólogo, historiador e folclorista, autor de estudos na área de música e colaborador da musicologia brasileira – seus procedimentos e técnicas de pesquisa e os principais temas por ele desenvolvidos na pesquisa em música. ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work presents biographical data of Vicente Salles (Caripi, Pará, 1931), anthropologist, historian, folk researcher, researcher in the field of music and contributor to the Brazilian musicology. There are analyses about his research procedures and techniques, and his most important subjects in the field of music.
47
Touarigt, Boualem. "Les salles de cinéma en Algérie : histoire d'un équipement urbain." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100116.
Full textAbstract:
Le cinéma algérien a été le loisir des populations migrantes pauvres européennes et algériennes des villages ruraux et des agglomérations urbaines. La salle de cinéma ne s'est pas distinguée mais s'est fondue dans les lieux animés de l'espace public. Dans les métropoles économiques régionales, elle s'est insérée dans la stratification sociale et a exprimé un rapport différent à la ville. Distraction populaire cherchant le public le plus large, le cinéma n'a pas reproduit les ségrégations du système colonial et n'a pas marqué l'espace urbain par des clivages entre quartiers et entre populations. Aujourd'hui, insérée dans l'espace public animé qui sort des limites physiques traditionnelles de la ville et parallèlement à la consommation individuelle des produits audiovisuels, la salle de cinéma reste un lieu de loisirs collectifsThe audiences of Algerian movie houses consisted of poor European and Algerian immigrants of the country sides and the cities. The Algerian cinema didn't stand out but coalesced with animated areas of the public space. In the regional economic metropolises it was affected by the social stratification and signified a different relation with the city. As popular leisure looking for the largest audiences, the cinema didn't reflect colonial system segregations between areas and populations. Now, the movie house is included in public attractive areas outside the traditional physical limits of the city, and remains collective leisure place despite individual consumption of audio visual products
48
Sun, Xiaowei. "Quelques problèmes sur l'équation des ondes modélisant l'acoustique des salles." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090061.
Full textAbstract:
Problème de modélisation en acoustique des salles. Résolution numérique des systèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles. Exploitation du parallélisme de l'algorithme sur une machine à base de transputers
49
Liu, Ya. "Methods to solve set partitioning problems and applications in packing and operating room scheduling." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0021.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse traite des problèmes qui peuvent être considérés comme un problème de partitionnement. Ces problèmes peuvent être distingués en deux familles : les problèmes dont le coût dépend de la séquence et ceux dont le coût est indépendant de la séquence. Cette thèse se concentre sur cette dernière famille, et en particulier sur la planification des salles opératoires et le problème de découpe en deux dimensions. Bien que le problème de partitionnement soit largement étudié, la littérature est encore pauvre en heuristiques, par rapport aux algorithmes exacts. Cette thèse développe une heuristique pour résoudre une série de problèmes de partitionnement basée sur un schéma général émanant de la programmation dynamique. Dans ce schéma, on doit résoudre un sous-problème qui consiste à contenir une configuration de coût réduit minium en affectant une ressource à un sous-ensemble activités doit être résolu. Un tel sous problème est résolu différemment pour chaque application. Pour chaque problème, nous décrivons les formulations mathématiques, les réalisations d'algorithmes. La performance des algorithmes proposés est évaluée à l’aide des instances, en comparant les solutions obtenues avec des bornes inférieures ou les solutions approchées connues. Les résultats montrent que les algorithmes développés sont très efficaces, tant en termes de qualité de solution qu’en termes de temps de calcul. En outre, les algorithmes peuvent être facilement implémentés. Ces résultats satisfaisants nous laissent penser que le schéma proposé peut devenir une approche générale pour résoudre une série de problèmes de partitionnementThis thesis considers problems that can be considered as set partitioning. Such problems can be distinguished into two families: problems with sequence-dependent costs and those with sequence-independent costs. This thesis is focused on the latter family, in particular operating room scheduling and two-dimensional bin packing. Although the set partitioning problem is widely studied, the literature is still very limited in heuristics, compared to exact algorithms. This thesis develops heuristic algorithms to solve a series of set partitioning problems based on a general schema stemming from dynamic programming idea. In this schema, a subproblem consisting of constructing a pattern with the least cost by affecting a resource to a subset of activities must be solved. Such a subproblem is solved differently for each application. For each problem, we describe mathematical formulations, implementation of algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated on benchmark instances found in the literature, by comparing the obtained solutions with lower bounds or known near optimal solutions. The computational results show that the developed algorithms are very efficient both in terms of the quality of the solutions and in terms of computation time. Further-more, the algorithms can be easily implemented. The satisfactory results make us believe that the proposed schema can become a general approach to solve a series of set partitioning problems
50
Fouché, Julien. "Effet du réchauffement climatique sur le fonctionnement biogéochimique de deux cryosols arctiques dans la région de Salluit, Nunavik, Canada." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4306.
Full textAbstract:
L'augmentation de la décomposition de la matière organique des cryosols arctiques sous l'effet du réchauffement et de la dégradation du pergélisol contribuerait à une rétroaction positive sur les changements climatiques. Nous étudions le fonctionnement biogéochimique de deux Cryosols: un cryosol histique (H) et un cryosol turbique (T), en conditions naturelles et réchauffés. Les profils ont été instrumentés à Salluit (Nunavik, Canada) et les mesures ont été faites pendant les étés 2010 et 2011. Le réchauffement augmente la respiration de l'écosystème (ER) de manière plus intense pour H que pour T, bien que ER pour H soit plus faible. La sensibilité thermique de ER (Q10) est supérieure pour T que pour H et diminue avec le réchauffement. L'étude montre que les cycles journaliers de ER en fonction de la temperature forment des hystérésis. La variance de ER est mieux expliquée en utilisant la température minimale de la journée et la profondeur du front de dégel pour H. Pour T, l'ajout de la vitesse du vent et la radiation solaire améliore l'explication de la variance de ER. Nous montrons trois dynamiques spécifiques aux écosystèmes nordiques: 1) ER dépendant des propriétés du sol et de la solution du sol ; 2) rôle de variables thermo-indépendantes sur ER et 3) variations journalières du Q10 et interannuelles de la respiration basale. La décomposition de la matière organique est la principale source de CO2 pour H alors que les processus végétaux contrôlent ER pour T. Nos résultats contribuent à la compréhension et à l'extrapolation des mesures ponctuelles dans les écosystèmes de toundra, améliorant ainsi la modélisation du cycle du carbone dans les cryosolsIncreased organic mater decomposition rate in Arctic Cryosols due to warming and to permafrost thawing can lead to the release of greenhouse gases, thus potentially creating a positive feedback on climate change. We studied the biogeochemical functioning of two different permafrost-affected soils (i.e. Cryosols): a Histic Cryosol (H) and a Turbic Cryosol (T), both in natural conditions and under an experimental warming. Profiles were instrumented in Salluit (Nunavik, Canada) and monitored during summers 2010 and 2011. The induced warming increased CO2 fluxes in both soils; this impact was however more striking at H even if ER was lower than at T. Temperature sensitivity of ER (Q10) was higher at T than at H and decreased both with warming. We highlighted that diurnal ER cycles as a function of temperature showed hysteretic loops. Linear models performed to explain ER variance were improved adding daily minimum temperature and thaw front depth at H. In contrast at T, adding wind speed and solar radiation in models improved the ER variance explanation. We showed three specific CO2 flux dynamics related to northern ecosystems: 1) the large difference of ER depending on soil properties and soil solution composition; 2) environmental variables strongly alter CO2 fluxes and 3) the diurnal Q10 variations and the inter annual variability of basal respiration. Our results support the assumption that organic matter decomposition might be the major source of CO2 at H while plant-derived processes dominated ER at T. Our results contribute to understand and extrapolate the numerous punctual measurements of CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems improving carbon cycle modeling in Cryosols