Dissertations / Theses: 'Salmón Coho'

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González, Betancourt Carlos Eduardo. "Efecto de diferentes razones de proteínas y lípidos en las dietas sobre la respuesta productiva y características de la canal del salmón del Pacífico (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2002. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132261.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva, indicadores de calidad de canal y el costo de alimentación de salmones Coho, al emplear dietas con distintas razones de proteínas/lípidos (P/L). Para ello se utilizaron 3300 salmones Coho nacionales, con un peso promedio inicial de 1121 g. Los peces fueron asignados al azar a tres tratamientos con dos repeticiones, de 550 peces cada una. Los peces del primer tratamiento (control) se alimentaron con una dieta que contenía 45% de proteínas y 22% de lípidos (2,04 P/L), los del segundo tratamiento con 43% de proteína y 26% de lípidos (1,65 P/L), y los del tercer tratamiento, 40% de proteína y 30% de lípidos (1,33 P/L). La respuesta productiva se evaluó por medio del consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, eficiencia de conversión alimenticia, tasa de crecimiento específico y peso final. La calidad de canal se evaluó por medio de la longitud corporal, factor de condición, peso eviscerado, rendimiento de la canal, peso de las vísceras, peso del hígado, peso gonadal, contenido de grasa perivisceral y espesor de la pared abdominal. Las respuestas productivas fueron similares en los tres tratamientos, salvo en el peso final de los salmones, que fue mayor en los tratamientos con razones P/L más estrechas (p 0,05), al igual que los machos respecto de las hembras (p 0,02). Con relación a las características de calidad de canal, la dieta del segundo tratamiento tuvo en general un mejor comportamiento en la mayoría de las variables registradas, al igual que los machos respecto de las hembras, sin embargo, las respuestas fueron diversas. El factor de condición y el rendimiento de la canal no fueron modificados por los distintos tratamientos y el depósito de grasa perivisceral fue mayor en dietas con razones de P/L más estrechas. El empleo de dietas con razones de P/L más estrechas, tuvo como consecuencia un aumento en el costo de alimento por kilo de salmón ganado de un 8,77% para la dieta 2 y de un 1,59% para la dieta 3, tomando como base la eficiencia de conversión alimenticia alcanzada en cada tratamiento.
FONDEF N° D 98-1-1069

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Landeros, Ampuero Jenny Orieller. "Estudio de la estabilidad del color, propiedades químicas y físicas del músculo de salmón coho (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) almacenado congelado a -20°C durante un año." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105428.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
La industria chilena del Salmón ha alcanzado en el plano nacional e internacional gran importancia, transformándose en el segundo productor mundial de este producto. Entre las variedades producidas se encuentra el Salmón coho_(Oncorhynchus Kisutch), del cual se tienen escasos antecedentes en lo referente a su comportamiento en el almacenamiento congelado, lo anterior es el motivo de la realización de este estudio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la estabilidad del color, propiedades químicas y físicas del músculo de Salmón coho entero HG (sin cabeza ni vísceras) durante el almacenamiento congelado a -20ºC durante un año, dentro del cual se efectuaron 6 controles, con 5 individuos extraídos al azar para cada punto de control. Se realizó un análisis centesimal, el cual no varió respecto a datos bibliográficos encontrados para Salmón coho. Se determinó frescura en el Salmón coho utilizando parámetros tales como: dimetilamina, formaldehído y nitrógeno básico volátil total, de los cuales sólo el último se vio aumentado en el tiempo, aunque sin sobrepasar el límite establecido por la ley que corresponde a 30mg/100g músculo. El estudio también contempló la determinación de pH, el cual no tuvo una variación significativa en el tiempo (p>0,05), observándose un pH de 6,06 y 6,27 al inicio y final del estudio, respectivamente. Se realizaron diversos análisis texturales dentro de los cuales se encuentra; dureza, cizalla o firmeza y gaping. Analizando los resultados obtenidos se observó una disminución brusca de la dureza a partir del cuarto mes y la firmeza aumentó hasta el mes 6, disminuyendo posteriormente. El gaping evaluado aumentó paulatinamente sin llegar a un deterioro extremo, alcanzando hasta el mes 8 calidad premium con grado 3. Las propiedades de retención de agua también fueron medidas; el driping cocido presentó la mayor perdida de líquido en el mes 0 (16,51%), luego disminuyó hasta el mes 8, aumentando en los siguientes meses de estudio. El driping crudo aumentó hasta el mes 6 (3,46 % de exudado), y luego disminuyó presentando en el mes 12 un 1,52 %. También se evaluó capacidad de retención de agua relativa y la humedad exprimible, observándose en ambas un disminución, de un 56,1% en el caso de retención de agua y de 52,7% en la humedad exprimible. Tres análisis de color fueron realizados: color visual, instrumental y mediciones de astaxantina. Según el primero el Salmón puede clasificarse como categoría premium hasta el mes 8. Las mediciones instrumentales no mostraron una tendencia clara en el cambio de color. La cantidad de astaxantina encontrada en los salmones varió significativamente en el tiempo, sin embargo, los valores iniciales y finales fueron similares. De acuerdo al conjunto de análisis hasta el mes 8 el salmón se puede clasificar como Premium, siendo la textura y color los parámetros limitantes

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Carriles, Arrieta Nicolás Antonio. "Efecto de hielo líquido y hielo en escamas como tratamientos previos de conservación en el salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cocido y en conserva : modificación de sus propiedades físicas, químicas y sensoriales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105612.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
El hielo líquido es un novedoso método de conservación de productos marinos que presenta una serie de ventajas en comparación al tratamiento con hielo en escamas, entre las cuales se destacan un rápido enfriamiento, menores .temperaturas y menor daño superficial al pescado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar el efecto de esta técnica frente a la del hielo en escamas en salmon Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cocido y en conserva sobre sus propiedades físicas, químicas y sensoriales. Se analizaron muestras cocidas y enlatadas conservadas en ambos tipos de hielo durante 0, 5 y 9 días. En las muestras enlatadas se analizó el músculo y el líquido de cobertura. Se realizaron análisis físicos: test de cizalla y color instrumental; análisis químicos: pH e índice de anisidina y evaluación sensorial por medio del test descriptivo cuantitativo. Para el salmón cocido, los resultados mostraron que el hielo líquido fue mejor evaluado en el test de cizalla y pH. En el filete de salmón en conserva obtuvo mejores resultados en firmeza (test de cizalla) y luminosidad (L*) medida en forma instrumental y sensorial. Por último en el aceite de cobertura, la evaluación sensorial indicó que presentaba una menor turbidez, menor cantidad de partículas en suspensión y mayor luminosidad

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Carrió, Maldonado Renato Alonso. "Evaluación de dos sistemas de medición de color en filetes de salmónidos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112425.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de ingeniero Agrónomo. Mención: Producción Animal
El color de la carne de salmónidos es uno de los parámetros de calidad más importante, pero su medición es compleja. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los sistemas de medición visual (cartilla Roche™ y regla Salmofan) e instrumental (fotocolorímetro triestímulo Minolta Chroma Meter) del color de la carne en salmónidos. Se estudió la precisión (repetibilidad y reproducibilidad) de ambos métodos, la relación entre estos y la relación entre la medición de color con el contenido de pigmento y lípidos. Además, se comparó la variabilidad entre dos fotocolorímetros con distinta área de medición. La precisión de ambos métodos se evaluó en tres plantas de proceso ubicadas en Chiloé, midiendo filetes de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar) en forma repetida y aleatoria. Las mediciones se hicieron con la luz normal de la planta y luz D65 en cabina de iluminación controlada. El efecto del área de medición de los fotocolorímetros se evaluó sobre filetes de salmón del Atlántico en el centro Colaco de la empresa EWOS S.A. La relación entre contenido de pigmento, de grasa y color se midió en filetes de salmón Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) con ambos sistemas en el laboratorio de la empresa CETECSAL S.A. Además se analizó un set de datos de un proyecto FONDEF previo, en el cual se midió color, astaxantina y lípidos en “steaks” de salmón Coho. La repetibilidad del instrumento fue significativamente mayor a la cartilla Roche™ en la medición de trucha arcoíris y salmón del Atlántico. Las mediciones de salmón del Atlántico con regla SalmoFan no presentaron diferencias significativas con el instrumento. La reproducibilidad de la medición visual no presentó diferencias significativas al cambiar operarios ni al variar el tipo de luz. Las correlaciones entre ambos sistemas de medición de color, y de estos con el contenido de astaxantina y lípidos fueron de baja a mediana magnitud fluctuando entre 0 a 0,62, 0,07 a 0,57 y 0,01 a 0,63 respectivamente. Se concluye que la medición de color es un mal predictor del contenido de astaxantina, independiente del método utilizado. El fotocolorímetro de 50 mm de área de medición, para a*, b* y C* presentó una variabilidad (C.V. a* = 6%, b* = 7% y C* = 6%) significativamente menor al de 8 mm (C.V. a* = 20%, b* = 16% y C* = 16%). Para comparar resultados de medición de color, debe tomarse en cuenta el área de medición del fotocolorímetro utilizado, pues estos no son equivalentes.
Visual color with Roche™ card and Roche Salmofan™ ruler was compared with instrumental color (Minolta Chroma Meter™) measured in salmonid fillets. Precision (as repeatability and reproducibility) of methods, relationship between visual and instrumental measurements, and relationship between color, astaxanthin and lipid content were studied. In addition, variability between two colorimeters with different measurement area was compared. Repeatability of instrumental method was significantly higher to Roche ™ card in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon samples. Measurements of Atlantic salmon fillet using Salmofan™ ruler did not show significant differences with the instrumental color measurements. There was not significant differences in reproducibility of visual measurement in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon when changing personnel neither when varying illumination source. The relationship between both color systems, and between color systems, astaxanthin and fat content in Coho salmon ranged from low to medium magnitude (0-0.62, 0.07- 0.57 and 0.01-0.63 respectively). It was concluded that fillet color is a bad predictor of astaxanthin content, irrespective of the method used. Colorimeter with 50mm of measurement area, for a*, b* and C* showed a significant smaller variability compared with the 8mm area (C.V. a*=6, b*= and C*=7 v/s C.V. a*=16, b*=16 and C*=20). Measurement colorimeter area must be taken into account in order to compare results of color measurement .

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Gajardo, Jiménez Mónica Alejandra. "Variación de la calidad sensorial y propiedades funcionales del salmón coho (Oncorhyncus kisutch) entero alimentado con diferentes dietas y conservado al estado congelado (-18°C)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105620.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
La acuicultura en Chile en los últimos diez años ha registrado un radical proceso de expansión, constituyéndose en el sector de crecimiento más rápido dentro de la producción alimentaria mundial. En la actualidad la seguridad de los antioxidantes sintéticos está cuestionada y su uso en la industria alimentaria está severamente restringido por la ley, tanto en su aplicación como el nivel de uso, debido a la posible actividad como promotores cancerígenos y la actual tendencia a reemplazar los aditivos sintéticos por naturales, lo cual ha estimulado a evaluar la efectividad de estos compuestos naturales que poseen propiedades antioxidantes. Este estudio trata la variación de la calidad sensorial y propiedades funcionales del músculo del salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cuando es alimentado con dietas adicionadas de antioxidantes naturales, tales como extracto de romero y/o α-tocoferol y conservado al estado congelado durante 18 meses. Para este estudio se empleó el uso de tres dietas, la dieta I que contenía etoxiquina y BHT (dieta control), la dieta II que contenía un exceso de tocoferoles libres y la dieta III que contenía α-tocoferol y extracto de romero. Se analizaron cinco individuos por dieta cada 3 meses durante 18 meses. El salmón periódicamente se evaluó sensorialmente en estado congelado descongelado y cocido, se analizó apariencia, color, olor y textura en el salmón descongelado y apariencia, color, olor, textura y sabor en salmón cocido. Las propiedades funcionales analizadas fueron capacidad de retención de agua, humedad exprimible, driping, gaping, ensayo de compresión y fuerza de cizalla tanto para el salmón crudo como cocido. Los descriptores sensoriales que presentaron diferencias significativas entre dietas y el tiempo de almacenamiento en el salmón crudo fueron: deshidratación del músculo, color escala Roche, olor típico, olor rancio, olor pútrido, elasticidad y goteo; para el salmón cocido los descriptores fueron: color escala lineal no estructurada, olor típico, olor rancio, sabor típico, sabor rancio, sabor pútrido y sabor oxidado. Estas diferencias no indicaron tendencias definidas entre las dietas estudiadas. Considerando las propiedades funcionales estudiadas, el gaping fue el parámetro determinante de la vida útil comercial del músculo de salmón alimentado con las tres dietas. El gaping de las dietas II y III aumentó paulatinamente sin llegar a un deterioro extremo, manteniendo hasta el mes 15 calidad Premium con grado 3 mientras que, la dieta control solamente alcanzó la calidad premium hasta el mes 9 (p≤0,05). Aunque se registraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos parámetros analizados, se concluye que estas diferencias no afectan la estabilidad del salmón durante el tiempo de almacenamiento, por lo tanto el reemplazo de antioxidantes naturales por antioxidantes sintéticos es viable como mejoramiento en la alimentación del salmón, en la alimentación humana y como una alternativa para mejorar la exportaciones de este producto a las principales regiones donde el salmón tiene una alta demanda.

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Poblete, Sánchez Carolina del Carmen. "Cuantificación de histamina por HPLC y CZE en salmón coho, (Oncorhynchus kisutch) durante su almacenamiento refrigerado." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105418.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
Dentro de los índices de calidad, que permiten evaluar la frescura del pescado, está la determinación del contenido de aminas biogénicas. La principal intoxicación, debido a la presencia de altos niveles de aminas biogénicas, es conocida como intoxicación-histamínica, la cual es producida por altos niveles de histamina, que pueden ser generados, por la acción microbiana, cuando el pescado no es manipulado higiénicamente y es sometido a altas temperaturas. En el presente estudio se realizó una cuantificación del contenido de histamina en Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)refrigerado (0 - 2ºC) por un período de 24 días. Se realizaron controles de histamina a los 0, 3, 6, 10, 12, 17, 19 y 24 días de almacenamiento. Se utilizaron dos técnicas analíticas: cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y cromatografía capilar zonal (CZE), las cuales fueron, previamente, evaluadas por el proceso de validación limitada, para dar confiabilidad a la cuantificación del analito en la muestra. Ambas técnicas analíticas presentaron resultados satisfactorios en la validación. Demostrándose, que la CZE es una reciente y ventajosa posibilidad, debido a que esta técnica mostró mejores resultados. La formación de histamina en Salmón coho almacenado refrigerado, fue nula hasta el día 12 de almacenamiento; pero aumentó progresivamente a partir del día 17. El Salmón coho, almacenado refrigerado, por 24 días, registró niveles de concentración de histamina, bajo el límite establecido por SERNAPESCA para pescados escómbridos y relacionados con escómbridos

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Latorre, Carvajal Mónica Andrea. "Evolución de la calidad bioquímica, física, microbiológica y sensorial del salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) congelado (-18 °C) HG, alimentado con dietas adicionadas de [alfa]-tocoferol y extracto de romero durante la etapa de engorde." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105166.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencia de los Alimentos
Se realizó un estudio comparativo del efecto del reemplazo de antioxidantes sintéticos (etoxiquina y BHT) por dos antioxidantes naturales (tocoferoles y extracto de romero (Rosmarinicus officinalis) en la dieta del salmón Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de exportación durante la etapa de engorde sobre la calidad bioquímica, física, microbiológica y sensorial del producto durante 18 meses de almacenamiento congelado a (-18 °C). Se consideró el empleo de 3 jaulas con salmones cultivados por EWOS Innovation Research de la X región de Chile. Los salmones con un peso aproximado de 1500 g fueron alimentados durante 80 días con tres diferentes tipos de dietas: Dieta I: condiciones tradicionales con BHT y etoxiquina correspondió al control, Dieta II: enriquecida con α–tocoferol, y Dieta III enriquecida con α–tocoferol más extracto de romero (Rosmarinicus officinalis) hasta que alcanzaron la etapa de engorde con un peso de 2500 g. Luego fueron cosechados por Mainstream (Calbuco, Chile) y procesados obteniéndose salmón congelado de exportación tipo HG. Posteriormente a este proceso, se transportaron al Laboratorio de Procesos de Ingeniería en Alimentos de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Chile donde fueron congelados a (-18 °C) durante 18 meses. Se efectuaron 6 controles en el tiempo (meses 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 18), con 5 individuos extraídos al azar en cada punto de control. La evolución de los cambios bioquímicos fue medida mediante solubilidad de proteínas y actividad ATPásica Ca+2. Los métodos realizados para medir los cambios en las propiedades funcionales fueron humedad exprimible, capacidad de retención de agua, dripping o exudado en músculo crudo y cocido. A nivel de propiedades texturales se estudiaron ensayo de compresión y prueba de cizalla en músculo crudo y cocido, gaping o desgajamiento y microestructura por microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Se realizó análisis descriptivo cuantitativo para medir la evolución de las propiedades sensoriales y a nivel microbiológico se analizó recuento de microorganismos aerobios mesófilos (RAM), recuento de enterobacterias, recuento de microorganismos patógenos (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, y coliformes totales y fecales). Los análisis estadísticos arrojaron ausencia de diferencias significativas entre individuos y réplicas. Mientras que, el tiempo de almacenamiento y las dietas afectaron significativamente los parámetros bioquímicos, físicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales. La textura y propiedades funcionales del salmón disminuyeron en el tiempo. Los cambios experimentados en estos parámetros son producidos por la desnaturalización y agregación de las proteínas presentes en el músculo del salmón, que es debida al almacenamiento congelado. Lo anterior se puede apreciar claramente por los estudios bioquímicos donde la solubilidad y actividad ATPasa disminuyeron paulatinamente en el tiempo. Al mes 9, la solubilidad de la Dieta I decreció en un 72,4% mientras que, la Dieta II y III disminuyeron en un 17,8% y 44,7% respectivamente, en tanto que la actividad ATPásica para las dietas I, II y III disminuyó al mes 12, un 40,5%, 65,3% y un 69,2% respectivamente. También se observaron cambios en la microestructura del músculo de salmón principalmente en la dieta control se produjeron los mayores daños que afectaron directamente a la estructura de los sarcómeros. En el mes 9, se observó una discontinuidad de la línea-Z (bandas oscuras) hasta prácticamente desaparecer en el mes 18. El análisis multivariado indicó que la firmeza del músculo cocido, gaping y % de agua perdida explican la evolución de las propiedades funcionales del músculo de salmón Coho almacenado a (-18º C) durante 18 meses (p≤0,05). Al respecto, el gaping aumentó paulatinamente sin llegar a un deterioro extremo, manteniendo hasta el mes 15 calidad Premium con grado 3 para las dietas II y III, mientras que la dieta control presentó dicha calidad hasta el mes 9. Las tres dietas (I, II y III) incrementaron la pérdida de agua hasta el duodécimo mes, que se tradujo en una disminución en la CRA en un 14%, 30% y 50% respectivamente. Como resultado de las tres dietas, se observó una disminución de la dureza y la cohesividad del músculo crudo a partir del mes 12 mientras que, la firmeza del músculo cocido aumentó hasta el mes 9 para luego disminuir hasta el último mes de almacenamiento. Las dietas tuvieron una influencia significativa en la percepción de olores y sabores, comportándose de mejor forma las dietas con antioxidantes naturales que las que contenían antioxidantes sintéticos. La dieta I (control) se caracterizó por presentar el mayor desarrollo a sabor rancio cocido y menor sabor típico cocido, a diferencia de la dieta II (α-tocoferol) que no presentó un desarrollo significativo de olores y sabores a rancio por parte de los panelistas. La calidad microbiológica presentó valores inferiores a los límites de calidad de ser rechazable. Se concluye que el reemplazo de antioxidantes sintéticos por naturales, α-Tocoferol o extracto de romero, en la dieta el salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), mantiene las calidades evaluadas en este estudio y la vida útil del salmón. Por lo cual, es una alternativa factible a nivel técnico y recomendable si se desea ampliar el ingresos del salmón chilenos a mercados cuyas tendencias estén a favor de una alimentación más natural y sana
A comparative study of the effect of the replacement of synthetic antioxidant (etoxiquina and BHT) by two natural antioxidant (tocoferoles and extract of rosemary (Rosmarinicus officinalis)) in the diet of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of export during the phase of fattening on the biochemical, physical, microbiological and sensory quality of the product during 18 months of storage frozen to (-18 °C). The use was considered of 3 cages with salmons cultivated by EWOS Innovation Research of the X region of Chile. The salmons with an approximated weight of 1500 g were fed during 80 days with three different types of diets: Diet I: traditional conditions with BHT and etoxiquina corresponded to the control, Diet II: enriched with α-tocoferol, and Diet III enriched with α-tocoferol more extract of rosemary (Rosmarinicus officinalis) until they reached the stage of fattening with a weight of 2500g. Soon they were harvested and process by Mainstream (Calbuco, Chile), obtaining frozen salmon of export type HG. Later to this process, they were transported to the Laboratory of Processes of Food Engineering of the Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Chile where they were frozen to (-18 °C) during 18 months. 6 controls in the time took place (months 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18), with 5 individuals extracted at random in each control point. The evolution of the biochemical changes was measured by means of solubility of proteins and activity ATPásica Ca+2. The made methods to measure the changes in the functional properties were expressible moisture, water-holding capacity, dripping or exuded in crude and cook muscle. At level of texture properties they studied test of compression and test of shears in crude and cook muscle, gaping and microstructure by electronic microscopy of transmission. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis was made to measure the evolution of the sensory properties and at microbiological level was analyzed count of aerobic mesophiles was analyzed (RAM), count of family enterobacteriaceae, count of pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and total and fecal coliforms). The statistical analyses threw absence of significant differences between individuals and retorts. Whereas, the time of storage and the diets affected the significantly parameters, biochemical, physical, sensory and microbiological The texture and functional properties of the salmon diminished in the time. The changes experienced in these parameters are produced by the denaturation and aggregation of present proteins in the muscle of the salmon that must to the frozen storage. The previous thing can be appreciated clearly by the biochemical studies where the solubility and ATPasa activity diminished gradually in the time. To month 9, the solubility of Diet I decreased in a 72,4% whereas, Diet II and III diminished in a 17,8% and 44,7% respectively, whereas the ATPásica activity for diets I, II and III diminished to month 12, a 40.5%, 65.3% and a 69.2% respectively. Also changes in the microstructure of the muscle of salmon were observed; mainly in the diet control took place the greater damages than they directly affected the structure of the sarcomeres. In month 9, a discontinuity of the line-Z was observed (dark bands) until practically disappearing in month 18. The multivariate analysis indicated that the firmness of the cooked muscle, gaping and lost percentage of water explain the evolution of the functional properties of the muscle of Coho salmon stored to -18º C during 18 months (p≤0,05). On the matter, gaping increase gradually without arriving at an extreme deterioration, maintaining until month 15 Premium quality with grade 3 for diets II and III, whereas the diet control presented this quality until month 9. The three diets (I, II and III) increased the loss of water until the twelfth month, that was translated in a diminution in the CRA in 14%, 30% y 50% respectively. Like result of the three diets, a diminution of the hardness and the cohesively of the crude muscle as of month 12 was observed whereas, the firmness of the cooked muscle increased until month 9. soon to fall until the last month of storage. The diets had a significant influence in the perception of scents and flavors, behaving of better form the diets with natural antioxidants that those that contained synthetic antioxidants. Diet I (control) was characterized to present the greater development to rancid flavor cooked and smaller cooked typical flavor, unlike the diet II (α-tocoferol) that did not present a significant development of scents and flavors to rancid on the part of the judges. The microbiological quality presented inferior values to the limits of quality of being rejectable. One concludes that the replacement of synthetic antioxidants by natural, α-tocoferol or extract of rosemary, in the diet the salmon Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), maintains the qualities evaluated in this study and the life utility of the salmon. Thus, it is a feasible alternative at technical and recommendable level if it is desired to extend the Chilean income of the salmon to markets whose tendencies are in favor of one more a more natural feeding and heals

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Concha, Moya Gabriela Carolina, and Lovazzano Juan Pablo Vivanco. "Evolución de la rancidez oxidativa y la frescura del músculo de salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alimentado con dietas adicionadas de antioxidantes naturales y conservado al estado congelado (-18[grados]C)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105598.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
En la actualidad, Chile se ubica en el segundo lugar de los rankings de producción de salmónidos a nivel mundial, lo que convierte al salmón en el producto alimenticio más importante de nuestras exportaciones pesqueras y en el principal motor económico de las regiones X y XI del país. Por ello, cada vez se hace más importante contar con nueva información basada en investigación, que sea capaz de responder y adelantarse a potenciales problemas, que posibilite el mejoramiento de la calidad de los salmónidos y de los productos derivados de ellos. El empleo de antioxidantes en las dietas para salmónidos es fundamental para retardar su deterioro, puesto que las materias primas principales que se emplean para elaborarlas son harina y aceite de pescado, insumos muy susceptibles a sufrir los ataques de la peroxidación lipídica. Los antioxidantes que se emplean actualmente para elaborarlas son, en su mayoría, compuestos de origen sintético cuya inocuidad está siendo cada vez más cuestionada a nivel internacional. Este estudio trata acerca del reemplazo de antioxidantes sintéticos por dos productos antioxidantes naturales inocuos (tocoferoles y extracto de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis)) en la dieta de Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de exportación y su efecto en la calidad del producto congelado durante 12 mese. Se consideró el empleo de 3 jaulas con salmones en cultivo de la Región X de Chile: los individuos de la primera jaula se alimentaron con la dieta control que contenía etoxiquina y BHT (Dieta I); los de la segunda se alimentaron con una dieta experimental que contenía un exceso de tocoferoles libre (Dieta II); y los de la tercera con otra dieta experimental que contenía una mezcla antioxidante de tocoferoles libres con extracto de romero (Dieta III), durante un tiempo de 80 días. Cumplido este tiempo, los salmones se sacrificaron y procesaron industrialmente, para obtener salmón congelado de exportación tipo HG y fueron enviados a Santiago para ser almacenados a -18º C y oportunamente analizados. Se analizaron cinco individuos con una frecuencia de 3 meses durante un año, a excepción de la composición proximal, que se efectuó en duplicado y solamente al inicio y al final del estudio. Los parámetros analizados periódicamente fueron: contenido de humedad, porcentaje de materia grasa, cuantificación de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados [omega]3, determinación del índice de polienos, índice de peróxidos, valor de p-ansidina, valor-pH, nitrógeno básico volátil total (NBVT), dimetilamina, formaldehído y cuantificación de tocoferoles libres. En las tres dietas empleadas en el estudio se determinó la composición proximal, el contenido de tocoferoles libres y la estabilidad oxidativa. Debido a que la gran mayoría de los parámetros de calidad analizados al utilizar las 3 dietas en estudio fueron estadísticamente equivalentes, y algunos incluso mejores con el empleo de las dietas experimentales; y a que ninguno de ellos fue afectado significativamente en forma negativa con las mismas, se concluye que el reemplazo de antioxidantes sintéticos por naturales en la dieta del Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), es una alternativa factible a nivel técnico y recomendable si se desea ampliar el ingreso del salmón chileno a mercados cuyas tendencias estén a favor de una alimentación más natural y sana

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Mena, Valdenegro Diana Paula de Lourdes. "Estudio de la variación en parte de la fracción proteíca en músculo de salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) almacenado congelado a -18° C, cuya dieta de engorda fue adicionada con antioxidantes naturales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105669.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
La acuicultura, actividad que tiene por objeto la producción de recursos hidrobiológicos organizada por el hombre, busca en hacer crecer el pez lo más rápido posible empleando la menor cantidad de alimento, dado que el este constituye el mayor componente del costo en acuicultura y es el factor de mayor impacto en la composición química del músculo de salmón. Este estudio trata de la adición de dos antioxidantes naturales, tocoferoles y extracto de romero, a la dieta de engorda del Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), reemplazando los antioxidantes presentes en la materia prima, en la harina de pescado se reemplazó etoxiquina de tocoferol y en el aceite de pescado el BHT por un extracto de tocoferoles libres y por extracto de romero; y su efecto en parte de la fracción proteica del producto congelado a -18°C por un período de 18 meses. Se alimentaron los salmones con tres dietas: Dieta I o Control, la cual contenía BHT y etoxiquina, Dieta II, con un exceso de tocoferoles y Dieta III, adicionada con extracto de romero. Se analizaron los parámetros de actividad proteolítica, glutatión peróxidasa y metaloproteinasas para 5 individuos cada 3 meses durante el período de almacenamiento. La Actividad Proteolítica en músculo de Salmón coho, no presentó diferencias (p > 0,05), durante los seis primeros meses de almacenamiento al comparar las tres dietas de engorda en estudio, lo que indica que la adición de antioxidantes naturales no afecta este parámetro hasta el sexto mes de almacenamiento. Cabe destacar sí, la alta desviación estándar que presentaron todos los individuos analizados y la buena correlación de este parámetro con “driping cocido” en el caso de los salmones alimentados con la Dieta I o Control y con RAM para los individuos alimentados con la Dieta III (Extracto de Romero). La actividad de la enzima glutatión peróxidasa para las muestras de músculo de Salmón coho provenientes de las tres dietas de engorda en estudio, no presentódiferencias en su comportamiento (p > 0,05) a partir del noveno mes de almacenamiento, lo cual indicaría que a partir de este mes los antioxidantes naturales adicionados no favorecen ni retardan la actividad de ésta enzima. En este caso se encontró buena correlación con índice de peróxidos en el caso de los salmones alimentados con la Dieta I o Control. Con respecto a las metaloproteinasas, las muestras se Salmón coho, provenientes de individuos alimentados con las tres diferentes dietas de engorda, presentaron actividad gelatinásica cercanas a 85 y 18kD. Esta actividad no presentó diferencias en su comportamiento (p > 0,05) con respecto a los individuos analizados durante todo el período de almacenamiento. En este caso se encontró buenas correlación de la actividad gelatinásica cercana a 18kD con “gaping” en el caso de los salmones alimentados con la Dieta I o Control y “driping crudo” para los individuos alimentados con la antes mencionada y la Dieta III (Extracto de Romero). Para la actividad gelatinásica a cercana 85 kD con “driping crudo” en el caso de los salmones alimentados con la Dieta I o Control y con “unidades formadoras de colonias” para los individuos alimentados con la Dieta III (Extracto de Romero)

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Lillo, Cuevas Erika Angeline. "Determinación de la presencia y asociación de Piscirickettsia salmonis en heces, hígado y riñón de salmón Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) en condiciones de cultivos en mar." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142414.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
La piscirickettsiosis es una enfermedad bacteriana producida por Piscirickettsia salmonis (P. salmonis) que provoca severas pérdidas económicas a la industria del salmón en el sur de Chile por conceptos de mortalidad, tratamientos antimicrobianos y el uso de vacunas. Debido a que su signología no es patognomónica se debe recurrir a pruebas de laboratorio para determinar la presencia de su agente etiológico con el fin de establecer medidas de control y tratamientos adecuados. A pesar de que la enfermedad fue descrita en 1989, la patogénesis y las vías de transmisión de la bacteria se encuentran insuficientemente descritas, por lo que la presente Memoria de Título tuvo como uno de sus objetivos determinar la presencia y asociación de P. salmonis en distintas muestras de 19 peces de la especie salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) afectados por piscirickettsiosis. En esta Memoria de Título se determinó la presencia de P. salmonis mediante la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa anidada (PCR anidado) en el 79%, 95% y 87% de las muestras de hígado, riñón y heces respectivamente. El análisis estadístico realizado mediante el coeficiente de Kappa, determinó que hígado-riñón y riñón-heces están considerablemente asociados, mientras que hígado-heces poseen una moderada asociación. Adicionalmente, de cada órgano estudiado se realizó un análisis por separado de tres fragmentos de tejido con el fin de establecer si existía consistencia en el diagnóstico entre ellas. Los resultados (analizados también con el coeficiente de Kappa), indicaron débil asociación entre las muestras analizadas, lo que sugiere un riesgo para la detección del agente según el fragmento que se utiliza. Al aumentar la cantidad de tejido analizado se demostró que aumenta la posibilidad de detección de la bacteria. Por otra parte, este estudio constituye el primer reporte de la presencia de la bacteria en heces de salmón coho en condiciones de cultivo en mar a través de la técnica de PCR anidado. No obstante lo anterior, son necesarios más estudios para establecer la viabilidad de la bacteria en el contenido fecal.
Piscirickettsiosis is a bacterial disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. It causes severe economic losses in the salmon industry in southern Chile by concepts of mortality, antimicrobial treatments and the use of vaccines. The clinical signs are not pathognomonic and because of that laboratory tests are required to determine the presence of its causative agent in order to establish control measures and treatments. Piscirickettsiosis was described in 1989 but up to this day, the pathogenesis and transmission routes of the bacteria are still inadequately described, because of that reason one of the main objectives of this work was to determine the presence and association of P. salmonis in different samples of 19 coho salmon (O. kitsuch) affected by piscirickettsiosis. The presence of P. salmonis was determined by the technique of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) in 79%, 95% and 87% of the samples of liver, kidney and feces respectively. The statistical analysis performed using the Cohen's Kappa coefficient, found that liver-kidney and kidney-feces are significantly associated, whereas liver-feces have a moderate association. Additionally, separate analysis was made of three pieces of tissue in order to establish whereas the diagnosis between them was consistent. The results (also analyzed with Cohen's Kappa coefficient) indicated weak association between the samples analyzed, suggesting a detection risk according to the fragment analyzed. It was demonstrated that increasing the amount of analyzed tissue increases the detectability of the bacteria. Moreover, this study is the first report about the presence of P. salmonis in coho salmon feces in sea farming conditions through technical of nested PCR. Further studies are necessary to establish the viability of the bacteria in the fecal content.
Financiamiento: Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia para el Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de Especies Hidrobiológicas, U. de Chile. Salmones Humboldt Ltda.

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Tapia, Pérez Daniel Iván. "Estudio de la oxidación de proteínas en salmón coho, (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alimentado con dietas adicionadas de antioxidantes naturales y conservado al estado congelado a -18°C." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105673.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
En la actualidad, Chile se ubica en el segundo lugar de los rankings de producción de salmónidos a nivel mundial, lo que convierte al salmón en el producto alimenticio más importante de nuestras exportaciones pesqueras y en el principal motor económico de las regiones X y XI del país. El empleo de antioxidantes en las dietas para salmónidos es fundamental para retardar su deterioro. Los antioxidantes que se emplean actualmente son, en su mayoría, compuestos de origen sintético cuya inocuidad está siendo cada vez más cuestionada a nivel internacional. Este estudio trata acerca de la adición de antioxidantes naturales inocuos (tocoferoles y extracto de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis)) en la dieta de Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de exportación, adicionándolos tanto en la harina de pescado como en el aceite de pescado y poder medir su efecto en la calidad del producto congelado durante 18 meses. Se consideró el empleo de 3 jaulas con salmones en cultivo de la Región X de Chile: los individuos de la primera jaula se alimentaron con la dieta control que contenía etoxiquina (harina de pescado) y BHT (aceite de pescado) (Dieta I); los de la segunda se alimentaron con una dieta experimental que contenía un exceso de tocoferoles libres ( tanto en la harina como en el aceite de pescado) (Dieta II); y los de la tercera con otra dieta experimental que contenía una mezcla antioxidante de tocoferoles libres (harina de pescado) con extracto de Romero (Aceite de pescado) (Dieta III), durante un tiempo aproximado de 85 días. Cumplido ese tiempo, los salmones se sacrificaron y procesaron industrialmente, para obtener salmón congelado de exportación tipo HG y fueron enviados a Santiago para ser almacenados a -18ºC y oportunamente analizados. Se analizaron 5 individuos de una población de 1200 individuos para la jaula 1 y de 500 individuos para la jaula 2 y 3, cada uno en duplicado con una frecuencia de 3 meses durante 18 meses. Los parámetros analizados periódicamente para cada dieta fueron: grupos sulfhidrilos, grupos sulfuros, grupos carbonilos además de la cuantificación proteica de cada parámetro. Debido a que todos estos parámetro de calidad y oxidación analizados al utilizar las 3 dietas en estudio fueron estadísticamente equivalentes y que ninguno de ellos fue afectado significativamente en forma negativa con las mismas, se concluye que el reemplazo de antioxidantes sintéticos por naturales en la dieta de Salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), es una alternativa factible a nivel técnico y recomendable si se desea ampliar el ingreso del salmón chileno a mercados cuyas tendencias estén a favor de una alimentación más natural y sana

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Dittman, Andrew Harris. "Behavioral and biochemical mechanisms of olfactory imprinting and homing by Coho salmon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10321.

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Johnson, Amelia Lee. "A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3155.

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Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rely on unique habitats during the winter season, which may dictate how much individuals may grow and when migration from freshwater rearing habitat to the ocean occurs. Here I analyze movement timing and growth patterns for coho salmon through a field-based study and a literature review. For the field portion, I examined hatchery-stocked juvenile coho salmon across four stream basins in the Russian River watershed, California to determine the relative importance of climate, landscape, and fish size metrics in predicting movement and growth patterns over a winter rearing and spring smolt outmigration time period (December 2014-June 2015). I observed three unique movement strategies: winter parr movement, spring smolt movement, and inter-tributary movement. Movement was predicted in relation to daily temperature and precipitation, followed by in-stream and upslope basin conditions in random forest modeling. Specifically, fish that moved later were associated with basins that contained higher productivity and low-gradient floodplain habitats, while fish that moved earlier came from streams that lacked invertebrate prey and had limited low-gradient rearing habitat. Fish size and timing of movement were the primary predictors of growth, with relatively larger fish in the spring growing faster than fish that were relatively smaller prior to winter. These relationships suggest that hatchery-release fish are still highly influenced by environmental conditions once released, especially in terms of initial seasonal movement, and that watershed conditions should be considered when utilizing hatchery-rearing programs to supplement wild fish populations. In North America, coho salmon populations are distributed from Alaska through California, and may exhibit unique movement and growth patterns in relationship to population-scale vulnerability (Endangered Species Act listing), basin area, and availability and types of rearing habitat. For the second part of my thesis, I conducted a literature review to assess what factors are commonly considered in predicting movement and growth patterns for these fish, as well as the types (season and life stage) and number of movement strategies reported. Eighteen studies were summarized, of which sixteen identified unique movement strategies, ranging from one to four. Despite a wide range of basin areas and latitudes, winter parr and spring smolt movements were commonly observed, with authors primarily relating these behaviors to in-stream habitat and fish size metrics. Additionally, growth was linked positively and primarily with off-channel winter rearing, which may outweigh the importance of fish size in predicting growth when high quality rearing habitats are available during the winter season. Recognizing movement timing diversity and its drivers can help recover threatened coho salmon populations. More widely distributed populations may have unique phenotypic expressions based on localized genetic and environmental interactions, increasing diversity and overall stability across the population, a concept known as the portfolio effect. Understanding fish-habitat relationships can aid recovery efforts by providing a framework of climatic and watershed conditions that support unique behaviors, even in already severely limited populations.

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McGeer, James C. "Physiological response to challenge tests in six stocks of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30111.

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Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from six hatcheries operated by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans Salmonid Enhancement Project, were reared in a common facility and then subjected to a series of standardized challenge tests. Results suggest that there are genetically based differences in the response to stressful challenges among stocks of coho salmon from southern British Columbia. The challenge tests were: saltwater (30ppt); saltwater and an increase in temperature (30ppt and 4°C); high pH (9.4 and 10.0); low pH (3.55, 3.65, 3.75 and 4.1); thermal tolerance (1°C/h); and handling (30s netting). The measured parameters were plasma sodium and chloride ion concentrations for the saline and pH challenges, time to dysfunction in the thermal tolerance challenge and plasma glucose concentration in the handling challenge. No differences among stocks were found in responses to the high pH and thermal tolerance challenges. The Chehalis River stock had the smallest plasma ion increase in salt water but showed the largest plasma ion decrease in acidic waters. In some of the low pH challenges the Tenderfoot Creek stock showed less plasma ion loss than other stocks. The stock from Eagle River had the lowest plasma glucose concentration increase during handling challenges. The combined saltwater and temperature increase challenge demonstrated the cumulative effect that stressors can have. Sampling associated with the handling challenges revealed a diurnal fluctuation in resting plasma glucose concentrations. The low pH and handling challenges showed that stock performance and the magnitude of the response observed varied with rearing conditions. Although there was some variation in the magnitude of the stock response to challenges between the two rearing conditions used, differences among stocks were consistent. When the response to all challenges were assembled into a relative challenge response profile (or performance profile), each stock was unique.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Peters, Roger J. "An evaluation of habitat enhancement and wild fry supplementation as a means of increasing coho salmon production of the Clearwater River, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5315.

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Isidro, Cristóbal Helsi María [UNESP]. "Depressão endogâmica em características de crescimento e resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis em salmão coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152017.

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Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
Os programas de melhoramento em espécies aquícolas apresentam, no geral, um número restrito de famílias e um pequeno tamanho efetivo populacional, levando ao acasalamento de animais aparentados e, consequentemente, ao aumento da endogamia. Por sua vez, maiores níveis de endogamia tendem a ocasionar queda no desempenho dos animais causada pela depressão endogâmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os níveis de endogamia e depressão endogâmica sobre as características de peso à despesca, comprimento à despesca e resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis em uma população de salmão coho. A resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis foi definida como o dia da morte de cada peixe após desafio conduzido em dois anos, com média de 42 dias em 2012 e 14 dias no ano de 2014. Foi utilizado um banco de dados composto por 53.504 observações, provenientes de nove gerações e 930 famílias. A estimação dos componentes de variância e endogamia foram obtidas utilizando o programa computacional AIREMLF90 e os valores de depressão endogâmica foram estimados a partir de um modelo animal. Os valores observados para o coeficiente de endogamia foram crescentes ao longo das gerações, com uma taxa média máxima de 8,75% no ano de 2014. A depressão endogâmica afetou em maior nível as características de peso à despesca e dia de morte, com redução de 6,4 e 9,2% no desempenho dos animais, respectivamente, para o nível máximo de endogamia observado (30%). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uso de estratégias mais efetivas de controle da endogamia para a manutenção do progresso genético do programa de melhoramento de salmão coho.
Aquaculture breeding programs present, in general, low number of families and reduced effective population size, resulting in mating of related animals and, consequently, increased level of inbreeding. High inbreeding coefficient may negatively impact the animals’ performance due to inbreeding depression. The objective of this study was to estimate inbreeding coefficient and inbreeding depression on growth traits and resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis in a coho salmon population. Resistance against P. salmonis was defined as days to death of each fish after being challenged in two different years, with an average of 42 days in 2012 and 14 days in 2014. Data of 53,504 animals from 930 families was analyzed. Variance components were estimated using the software AIREMLF90, and inbreeding depression was estimated under an animal model. An increasing rate of inbreeding was observed, attaining an average of 8.75% in 2014. Inbreeding depression was more pronounced for harvest weight (PD) and days to death (DM), in comparison with harvest length. At the highest observed inbreeding level (30%), the estimated reduction caused by inbreeding depression was equal to 6,4% for PD and 9,2% for DM. The results indicate the necessity to control inbreeding more effectively for the studied coho salmon population, to guarantee genetic progress in the long term.
CONACYT: 579741/410470

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Deardorff, Angela Diane. "Effects of insecticide and adjuvant mixtures on cladocerans and Coho salmon." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/a_deardorff_082107.pdf.

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Nicol, Sandra Diane. "Influence of physical and biological habitat variables on juvenile salmonid and invertebrate drift abundance in southwest British Columbia streams." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/256.

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Determining the physical and biological habitat variables that influence the abundance of juvenile salmonids in British Columbia streams will improve management practices. Habitat models are tools that provide insight into organisms’ habitat needs and provide a more efficient mechanism for estimating population abundance than direct measurement. Models have been developed for salmonids in other jurisdictions, but very few have included invertebrate drift (a primary food source for juvenile salmonids) as a predictive variable. This is because temporal and spatial variation of drift abundance are widely assumed to be so high that drift cannot be reliably estimated without unreasonable effort. This thesis investigates the temporal and spatial variability of invertebrate drift and the impact of its inclusion in habitat models for juvenile salmonid abundance in two chapters. The first objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the temporal variability of invertebrate drift by comparing the seasonal and day-to-day variation in drift abundance to spatial variation within and between sites. The second objective was to develop predictive models for invertebrate drift abundance. Aquatic, terrestrial and total invertebrate drift abundances varied primarily between sites and very little between days or months at the same site, indicating that a single day of sampling is sufficient to assess drift abundance for comparison among sites. The abundance of invertebrate drift was related to productivity- and flow-related habitat variables. The objectives of the second chapter were to develop predictive models for juvenile salmonid abundance in southwestern BC using physical and biological habitat variables, to determine whether habitat variables differ between the Coast and Interior regions of BC, to determine the contribution of invertebrate drift to the relative predictive ability of the models, and to determine cost:benefit ratios for the predictive models and their component variables. The final models for predicting abundance of all young-of-year salmonids combined, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) individually, included variables related to stream structure and productivity, and the models for rainbow and coho showed regional differences. Invertebrate drift did not improve model fit.

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Lamont, Carole Ann. "The relationship between growth rate and precocious sexual maturation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. kisutch)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30006.

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Rainbow trout {Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (0. kisutch) produce males which mature at an abnormally early age. The objectives of this study were to critically describe the role of growth rate in early sexual maturation of male salmonids by monitoring growth rate and precocious sexual development in individually identified fish. Underyearling rainbow trout were individually identified using coded tags. These fish were reared at 9°C and 15°C and growth was monitored twice a month in both groups over a 9 month period starting January 24, 1989. The number of precocious males in the 9°C and 15°C groups were 11% and 18% respectively. Yearling coho salmon were similarly tagged, reared at ambient temperature, and monitored for growth over an 8 month period starting March 22nd, 1989. Ten percent of the coho salmon matured precociously. In both experiments there was a similar relationship between fast growth in early spring and precocious maturation. The growth rate of fish that matured declined in autumn relative to non-maturing individuals. Condition factor (length to weight relationship) was greater among those fish that matured precociously. Plasma growth hormone was monitored in the coho salmon. Most samples fell below the detection limits of the assay (1.5. to 3.0 ng/ml). A strategy to reduce the number of precocious males in cultured salmonids is suggested.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Preece, Ellen P. "Suitability of coho salmon habitat in Maddox and Carpenter Creeks, Skagit Delta, Washington." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/e_preece_060810.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 19, 2010). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47).

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Gestring, Kelly Brad. "The effects of handling and transportation on Coho salmon fry incubated in hatchboxes." Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1989, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9808.

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Cook, Benjmain O. "Lower Scotts Creek Floodplain and Habitat Enhancement Project." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1647.

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Scotts Creek, located in northern Santa Cruz County, maintains the southernmost persistent population of Central California Coast (CCC) Coho Salmon (endangered) in addition to CCC steelhead (threatened). Fisheries biologists believe overwinter mortality due to lack of refuge habitat is the primary factor limiting salmonid production. Instream rearing habitat may also be limiting, especially during drought years. The legacy effects of historic land use practices, including dredging, wood removal, and the construction of levees, continued to limit refuge and rearing opportunities. A restoration project was implemented to improve refuge and rearing opportunities for salmonids along lower Scotts Creek by removing portions of the deteriorating levee, grading new connections with existing off-channel features, enhancing tributary confluences, constructing alcove habitat features at the margins of the stream channel, and constructing large wood complexes (LWCs) instream. Novel restoration techniques were employed on an experimental basis. Whole in-situ alder trees were pushed into the stream channel with their root systems left partially intact to establish living key pieces. Individual log, boulder, and rootwad LWC components were attached together with couplers that permitted some freedom of independent movement among the individual components. LWCs were braced against live, standing trees and stabilized with boulder ballasts placed on the streambed, which eliminated excavation of the streambed/banks and the need to dewater or divert the stream during construction. Project performance, changes to physical habitat characteristics, and changes to stream morphology associated with implementation were monitored using habitat assessment methods derived from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) salmonid habitat survey protocol (Flosi et al. 2010), and topographic survey techniques and data analysis adapted from Columbia Habitat Monitoring Protocol (Bouwes et al. 2011). Preliminary results indicated that LWCs remained stable and functional. In addition, implementation of the restoration project increased pool frequency, low-flow pool volume, instream cover, frequency of instream, alcove, and off-channel refuge habitat features, and frequency of points of connectivity with the floodplain. Long-term monitoring will be required to determine the survivorship, decay rates, and overall persistence of alder recruits.

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Swift, Bruce D. "Heritabilities and genetic correlations for weight, length and survivability in fresh water and salt water of SO and S1 coho salmon, (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30380.

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Heritabilties and genetic correlations using Individual Animal Model, (IAM), analysis for weight, length and survivability were determined in both freshwater and saltwater rearing of s0 and si1 coho, (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The most important trait to salmon farmers is the saltwater market weight which was found to have heritability estimates of 0.21 and 0.45 for the s1 and s0 smolts. Estimates of heritability for survival were high, (0.29 and 0.21) for both s0 and s1 rearing strategies. Genetic correlations between freshwater and saltwater size were small, (0.33 to 0.59) indicating selection for market weight should be done during the saltwater market weight window. Significant differences were found for weight and length between strains during freshwater and saltwater rearing for both s0 and si1 coho. The northern strains, (Kitimat, Bella Coola and Pallant Creek) were significantly larger in weight and length thanthe southern strains, (Big Qualicum and Robertson Creek). The Kitimat strain was larger in weight and length than the Bella Coola and Pallant Creek strains but lower than these two strains for percent survivability. When comparing fish from the Kitimat strain reared on both a s0 and s1 rearing strategy, it was found that the s1 fish were significantly larger than the s0 fish at the market weight window.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Kusler, Jennifer, and Jennifer Kusler. "A 7500-Year Paleolimnological Record of Environmental Change and Salmon Abundance in the Oregon Coast Range." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12413.

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25

Forsyth, Robert Bruce. "Stress proteins, phagocytes, and pathology in coho salmon with bacterial kidney disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ48636.pdf.

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Becerra, López Sebastián, and Rueda Javier Paz. "Nutra Design — uso de caseina como film comestible." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100206.

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En el siguiente seminario, se toman en cuenta los problemas por los que están pasando la industria láctea y la salmonera, y cómo es posible mediante un subproducto de la leche, la caseína, elaborar un sistema de beneficios mutuos. Para la aplicación de la caseína se propone la creación de un film comestible con propiedades conservantes para la carne del salmón, integrando un nuevo paso en la línea productiva de esta industria. Con esta aplicación se busca una mejora en la calidad de la carne gracias a la forma en como protege el film. Por ser un hidrocolide, se aplica en liquido llenando todas las cavidades, posteriormente coagulando, protegiendo al salmón de las microbacterias y el congelamiento sobre la piel en el almacenado, dando valor agregado por el resultado final en el destinatario y una diversificación mayor de productos con la inclusión de condimentos en la solución de la caseína.

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Chittenden, Cedar Marget. "Migratory behaviour and survival of wild and hatchery coho salmon using acoustic telemetry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3430.

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Climate is emerging as a primary determinant of marine survival and migratory behaviour for Pacific salmon. For example, a regime shift in the mid-1990s was correlated to a major change in the migratory behaviour of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Strait of Georgia, BC. The details of this new behaviour pattern remain relatively unknown. Furthermore, many coho stocks have been declining during the past three decades. Mitigative strategies –such as hatchery programs— have done little to reverse the trend, and little is known about how hatchery fish are affecting wild populations. The objective of this dissertation was to identify key mortality areas and provide the first look at the migratory behaviour of juvenile wild and hatchery coho in southwestern British Columbia using new telemetry technologies. As coho pre-smolts are relatively small compared with other salmonid species that are typically studied using acoustic telemetry, the identification of the appropriate sizes of fish and tags to use was critical. The first study tested the effects of surgically implanting the three smallest sizes of acoustic tags available on the growth, survival, performance and condition of coho pre-smolts. The first of three field studies to follow investigated the early migratory behaviour and survival of an endangered coho population. The second field study examined differences in physiology, survival and migratory behaviour between wild and hatchery-reared coho smolts. Finally, the third study analysed the altered marine migratory behaviour of juvenile coho in the Strait of Georgia. This dissertation provides the first evidence of high freshwater mortality rates in the endangered coho population, which has implications for the management and conservation of this and other at-risk stocks. I found differences in migratory behaviour and physiology between wild and hatchery-reared coho, suggesting that mitigative strategies need further evaluation. Finally, the timing of the anomalous coho migration out of the Strait of Georgia confirmed that population changes in the strait are a consequence of ecosystem-related impacts. These findings demonstrate how new technologies could be used to fill major information gaps and improve the management and conservation of Pacific salmon.

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Watters, Jason Vincent. "Cost avoidance in mating systems : theory and lessons from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Courtenay, Simon Charles. "Learning and memory of chemosensory stimuli by underyearling coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29080.

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This study addressed the hypothesis that coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) learn and remember the odours of their natal environment. During one or more of the embryo, alevin and early fry (first 14 d) stages, fish were exposed to the artificial odorant morpholine, natural odorants generated by conspecifics, or creek water. After an interval of at least 1 month the preference of fry for an odorant was tested in a Y-maze and compared to that of naive fry. Increased preference was interpreted as recognition. Fish exposed during any or all of the embryo, alevin, or early fry stages showed greater preference for morpholine than naive fish when tested 54-125 d after exposure. In addition, previously exposed fish responded to morpholine with greater heart rate reduction (another measure of recognition) than naive fish in tests 477-532 d after exposure. Exposure to the odour of similarly-aged members of another family of the same population during the alevin stage, and to that of a second family during the early fry stage resulted in increased preference for the alevin-stage odour by one of four test groups, for the fry-stage odour by another group, and for both odours by a third group, in Y-maze tests conducted at least 32 d after exposure. Subsequent experiments revealed preference to be an insensitive measure of recognition because it is greatly influenced by odour concentration and possibly other odour characteristics which differ between families. Members of the Quinsam River population exposed throughout the embryo, alevin, and early fry stages to the odour of similarly-aged members either the Big Qualicum River or Puntledge River populations each preferred the familiar odour when tested 69-79 d after exposure. In addition to familiarity, preference among population-odours was found to be influenced by quantity of odour. Quinsam, Big Qualicum, and Puntledge fish each preferred water conditioned by faeces of members of their own population over blank water and in one of two experiments over water conditioned by faeces of non-population members, suggesting that at least some of the odorants mediating intraspecific discriminations are present in faeces. Exposure to creek water for a 1 month period centered around swimup did not result in greater preference than that shown by naive fish for creek water over well water or either of two river waters in tests performed at least 58 d after exposure. It is concluded that coho form long-term memories of at least some artificial and natural odours in early life and that learning is not restricted to a brief critical period of development.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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30

Fernández, Leyton Leonardo Eladio. "Estimación parámetros genéticos para rasgos de peso alevín, peso smolt y peso cosecha en salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) cultivado en Chiloé." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150883.

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Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Acuicultura
Se entregan los parámetros genéticos de heredabilidad, correlaciones genéticas, y ganancia genética estimados para peso alevín, peso smolt y peso cosecha de dos líneas, año par e impar, de salmón Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), a partir de seis y cuatro generaciones respectivamente, del programa de reproducción de un núcleo comercial, en Chiloé, Región de Los Lagos. Se estima el nivel de consanguinidad alcanzado para cada línea en las cinco generaciones. La metodología utilizada considera el desove de reproductores individualizados, la incubación de ovas y desarrollo inicial de alevines en unidades segregadas por cada familia generada, marcaje individual de ejemplares juveniles y crecimiento en comunidad, con muestreos periódicos de peso corporal. La metodología de evaluación para la estimación de los parámetros genéticos fue el ‘modelo animal’ y los softwares Pedigree Viewer y MTDFREML.

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Afonso, Luis Orlando Bertolla. "The effects on inhibiting estrogen production on sexual development in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6852.

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The effects of inhibiting estrogen production on sexual development in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were investigated in this study through in vivo and in vitro experiments, using an aromatase inhibitor. In the in vivo studies female were injected with the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole during vitellogenesis and close to final maturation, and males during spermatogenesis. In both females and males the effects of Fadrozole were investigated by determining the changes in plasma sex steroid levels (17β-estradiol, 17α-20p-P, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) before and several times after intraperitonial injection with different doses of Fadrozole, and by evaluating the reproductive development. In the in vitro studies the effects of Fadrozole, gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II), and steroid hormone precursors (testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone) on steroid hormone secretion (17β-estradiol, 17α-20β-P, and testosterone) by coho salmon ovarian follicles were determined during vitellogenesis (immature and central germinal vesicle) and close to final maturation (peripheral germinal vesicle). The in vivo experiments in females close to final maturation showed that injection of the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole was effective in lowering plasma 17β-estradiol levels, and an associated increase in plasma 17α-20β-P levels occurred, indicating that the shift between plasma 17β-estradiol biosynthesis and 17α-20β-P biosynthesis, which is characteristic of maturating fish, was advanced by treatment with Fadrozole. It was also shown that Fadrozole can be used as a tool to induce ovulation in coho salmon. In vitellogenic females Fadrozole reduced plasma 17β-estradiol levels in a dose and time dependent manner, and increased plasma 17α-20β levels prematurely also in a dose and time dependent manner. The switch from 17β-estradiol to 17α-20β-P biosynthesis was transient in the groups that received only one injection. The study also showed that multiple injections with Fadrozole arrested ovarian development, indicating Fadrozole may have a potential as a tool to regulate sexual development in salmon. In males, injection with Fadrozole inhibited 17β-estradiol secretion in the brain and caused a premature and transient increase in plasma 17α-20β-P levels. Multiple injections caused further increases in plasma 17α-20β-P, and 16 days after the beginning of the experiment the treatment groups which received the highest doses of Fadrozole (10 mg/kg and 5 x 10 mg/kg) started to spermiate, suggesting that the administration of aromatase inhibitors such as Fadrozole may provide a means of accelerating spermiation in salmonids and potentially other species of fish. The series of in vitro experiments demonstrated that Fadrozole is capable of inhibiting 17β-estradiol secretion throughout the periovulatory period, and that inhibition of 17β-estradiol per se does not elicit 17α-20β-P secretion, showing that gonadotropin is necessary for its secretion. It was also evident that 17p-estradiol secretion is dependent on availability of the substrate testosterone, which in turn is secreted in response to the gonadotropins. On the other hand 17α-20β-P secretion is directly dependent on stimulation of 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by the gonadotropins, especially GTH II. These experiments demonstrated that the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole can be used as tool to study mechanisms involved in the regulation of sexual development in fish. Also an aromatase inhibitor such as Fadrozole could be used close to final maturation to advance ovulation in females and spermiation and males and during vitellogenesis to inhibit reproductive development in females.

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Bravo, Tordecilla Luis Jonathan. "Salmonella Enteritidis: bacteriófagos en carne de salmón ahumado y fresco congelado como herramienta de biocontrol." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131508.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, son un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, donde los agentes biológicos juegan un rol trascendental en su transmisión. Frente a esto, en los últimos años se han utilizado diversas tecnologías de naturaleza biológica, como los bacteriófagos, para controlar en forma efectiva Salmonella sp. en los alimentos. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la capacidad biocontroladora de una mezcla de fagos líticos nativos en la reducción de los recuentos de Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), en dos matrices alimentarias consideradas de riesgo como son salmón fresco congelado y salmón ahumado. Para llevar a cabo el objetivo se trabajó con dos grupos de 25 muestras cada uno: el grupo experimental se contaminó con SE y recibió la mezcla de fagos (MOI 104), mientras que el grupo control sólo se contaminó con la cepa desafío. La dosis de contaminación varió según la temperatura de incubación de las muestras. Una vez contaminado y aplicada la mezcla de fagos, las muestras se incubaron por 10 días a temperatura ambiente y a temperatura de refrigeración para luego realizarles recuento bacteriano. Al final del periodo del estudio se observó que la aplicación de la mezcla de fagos redujo (p < 0,0001), los recuentos de SE en ambas matrices alimentarias independiente de la temperatura de incubación, obteniéndose mayores reducciones en aquellas muestras mantenidas a temperatura ambiente (3,19 unidades logarítmicas de SE/g para salmón fresco congelado y 1,96 unidades logarítmicas de SE/g para salmón ahumado). Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sugieren que la mezcla de fagos nativos es efectiva en la reducción de SE en carne de salmón ahumado y fresco congelado a temperatura ambiente y de refrigeración durante 10 días
Financiamiento: Proyecto Fondecyt 1110038

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Véliz, Cardemil Guido Sebastián. "Validación de la cuenta total de leucocitos en frotis sanguíneo como alternativa de campo al uso del hemocitómetro en especímenes de Salmo salar sanos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131737.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
Una de las principales características de los sistemas productivos es su alto grado de intensidad, por lo que siempre es necesario contar con herramientas que nos permitan monitorear el estado sanitario de los individuos que forman parte de éste. El control de los agentes etiológicos, las enfermedades y los factores que contribuyen a su presentación como el hacinamiento, agentes estresores, nutrición, atención y manejo, permiten que los animales puedan crecer y desarrollarse logrando sus máximos potenciales genéticos en términos productivos acorde a su bienestar fisiológico. En la actualidad existen diversas metodologías que se usan para obtener información relacionada con el estado sanitario de peces en cultivo intensivo. Estos procedimientos, dentro de los cuales se encuentran la toma de muestras de órganos y necropsias, están aceptados y validados, pero la mayoría de las veces contemplan el sacrificio del pez. El uso de estudios hematológicos, que en la actualidad no forman parte de los métodos de rutina en salmones, también permiten el monitoreo de una población o de un mismo individuo repetidas veces. En mamíferos, se utilizan como prevención y apoyo al diagnóstico en forma rutinaria lo que es de gran valor para conocer el estado sanitario de un individuo y establecer la presencia o ausencia de una condición patológica. Dentro de las técnicas hematológicas utilizadas en todas las especies se encuentra el método del hemocitómetro, que es el método estándar para realizar los recuentos totales de células en sangre. Otra técnica, es el estudio del frotis sanguíneo, cuyo objetivo principal es realizar los recuentos diferenciales de células y el análisis morfológico, pero que en algunas especies como humanos y caninos, se utiliza como un método indirecto para los recuentos totales de células leucocitarias. Ambas técnicas son complementarias, ya que permiten obtener la cantidad total de células sanguíneas presentes (eritrocitos, leucocitos, trombocitos), y la distribución y morfología respectivamente. Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista práctico, el método del hemocitómetro es muy complejo de utilizar en terreno debido especialmente a la experiencia del observador y al tiempo que se requiere para obtener un resultado confiable. En humanos y caninos se ha logrado obtener estandarizaciones para la utilización del frotis sanguíneo como base para extrapolar los recuentos totales de células en sangre, lo que en peces aún no ha sido descrito, estrategia que podría tener un gran potencial de aplicación. Un método práctico y asequible como herramienta de trabajo de terreno que permita contar con una cuenta celular más efectiva en sangre de peces, permitiría instalar el uso de este tipo de exámenes como rutina para así tener una mejor aproximación del estado sanitario sin sacrificio de los animales. De esta forma, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal correlacionar el método tradicional de recuento total y diferencial de células con un método indirecto efectuado sólo en frotis sanguíneo en peces sanos a fin de obtener información hematológica consistente y confiable en individuos de importancia económica
Financiamiento: CORFO Sanitario (2009-6682)

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34

Groot, Erick Peter. "Mechanisms and energetic implications of osmoregulation in embryos and larvae of chum and coho salmon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34527.pdf.

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Alexander, George. "The role of thyroid hormones in visual pigment changes in juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37680.pdf.

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36

Gaffney, Leigh Phillippa. "Colour matters : coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) prefer and are less aggressive in darker coloured tanks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51509.

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Fish are capable of colour vision and certain colours have been shown to affect growth and survival, skin colour, stress response, and reproduction. Beyond these physiological consequences, colour has also been shown to affect aggression levels, which is a widespread problem in aquaculture. The compatibility of fish with tank colour has been largely neglected within the aquaculture industry. Common practice is to use light blue tanks but there is no scientific basis for this choice. Closed containment aquaculture systems provide a good model to investigate the effects of tank colour on fish. Though closed containment aquaculture systems provide the opportunity for full control of environmental conditions, little research to date has investigated which parameters within these systems promote fish welfare. The aim of this study was to assess preferences of coho salmon for tank colour and determine the effects of colour on aggression. Coho salmon (n=100) were randomly assigned to 10 tanks, each bisected to allow fish to choose between two colours. Using a Latin-square design, each tank was tested with each of the following colour choices: blue vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and black, as well as black vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and a mixed dark grey/black pattern. Fish showed a strong preference for black over all other tank background options (p < 0.0001) with the exception of pattern, which was still significant but slightly less strong (p < 0.01). Moreover, darker colours in the environment resulted in lower rates of aggressive behaviours compared to lighter colours (p < 0.0001). These results present the first evidence that darker tanks are preferred by and decrease overall tank aggression levels in salmonids.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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37

Ortiz, Díaz Daniela Aurora. "Cambios en la expresión génica intestinal en salmón del atlántico (Salmo salar L.) alimentados con afrecho de soya fermentado." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150858.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo
El afrecho de soya (AS) ha sido utilizado como sustituto de la harina de pescado (HP) debido a su bajo precio, disponibilidad y propiedades nutricionales, pero su nivel de inclusión ha estado limitado debido a la presencia de factores anti-nutricionales. Varias alternativas han sido planteadas para reducir los niveles de estos compuestos (Polisacáridos no derivados del almidón (NSP), alfa-Galactosidos (GOS), saponinas, lectinas, etc.) una de ellas es el pre-tratamiento de la soya mediante Fermentación en Estado Sólido (SSF), sin embargo hay poca información disponible sobre los efectos del afrecho de soya fermentada (ASF) en alimentos para salmónidos, aun mas hay pocos estudios que hagan referencia al efecto que causan las fuentes proteicas vegetales en el intestino proximal.

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Forster, Ian. "The effect of oxidized dietary lipid and vitamin E on growth and immunocompetence of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26255.

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Highly unsaturated marine lipids are common ingredients in salmon diets, and they are prone to oxidative change. The present study was undertaken to examine the growth and health of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fed diets containing herring oil autoxidized to different degrees. The efficacy of dietary vitamin E in ameliorating any adverse effect on performance was investigated. Herring oil was oxidized to one of two levels (relative to a control) by aeration and mild heating (40 °C). Peroxide values and iodine numbers were recorded to monitor the extent of autoxidation. Depletion of dietary linolenic acid series fatty acids (n3FA), and the labile vitamins A, C, and E, provided further evidence of the progress of lipid oxidation. The mean initial body weight was 5.1 g/fish, and growth (weight and length) was measured at 3 or 6 week intervals for 28 weeks. Experimental diets contained 16.8% lipid, primarily as herring oil. One diet was made with corn oil replacing herring oil, and another contained a combination of low and highly oxidized oil. Vitamin E (as dl-ɑ-tocopheryl acetate) was added at either 30 IU/kg dry diet or 1000 IU/kg dry diet. At 23 weeks, 1/3 of the fish were vaccinated against vibriosis. At 28 weeks the fish were twice challenged with live Vibrio sp. Immunocompetence was estimated by mortality and by plasma agglutination. The inclusion of autoxidized herring oil reduced the nutritive value of the diets. The poorer growth and feed efficiency of fish fed diets containing oxidized oils appears to have resulted from a combination of appetite suppression and nutrient deficiency. The relative importance of these factors in influencing growth and feed efficiency depended upon the extent of the oxidation, with appetite suppression being most apparent in fish fed diets containing moderately oxidized oil. Dietary supplementation with a high level of vitamin E had no ameliorating effect on growth or feed efficiency. Health and immunocompetence were not impaired by the presence of oxidized dietary lipid, or improved by the addition of vitamin E.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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39

Li, Lingbo. "Harbour seals, transgenic coho salmon and euphausiids : food dynamics in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43717.

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This thesis examines top-down control and a policy of predator culling, the possible impacts of invasive species, and the bottom-up effects of zooplankton on the fish populations in the Strait of Georgia (SoG), British Columbia. In summary, my study highlights indirect interactions and strongly suggests ecosystem-based management in the SoG. For top-down control, I examined interactions between harbour seals and fisheries using Ecopath with Ecosim modelling. Harbour seals feed on herring, hake, and many other commercial fish. Many fish populations in this region have declined in recent decades, while harbour seals increased exponentially after a ban of hunting in 1970, until they reached their carrying capacity in the 1990s. However, model results indicated that a cull of harbour seals may not increase total fisheries catch in the SoG because increased hake would eat more herring. With seals absent, the SoG ecosystem may be dominated by hake. The Ecopath model was then modified to investigate the ecological impacts of invasive species with altered physiology — growth-hormone transgenic (GH) coho. GH coho have the potential to greatly increase the yield of fish farms, but could cause ecological harm should they ever invade natural systems. My model scenarios showed that GH coho may impact the whole ecosystem largely through indirect interactions. Many functional groups were impacted depending on GH coho diet. However, functional groups were more strongly impacted when a bottom-up effect was introduced by changing ocean conditions. Sensitivity analyses showed that the predictions were robust to uncertainty in model parameters although predator-prey vulnerabilities were more sensitive than Ecopath parameters. I assessed the bottom-up effects by analyzing nocturnal zooplankton samples collected from the top 20m of the water column between 1990 and 2007. An abrupt step-like decline occurred in community composition in 1998/1999, especially in euphausiids and copepods. Local environmental factors had low coherence and changes in the SoG zooplankton communities correlated more with large-scale climate forcing than with local factors. The decline in zooplankton communities may be an important factor in the lack of recovery of predatory fish, such as coho salmon and lingcod, even with fishery closures in the 1990s.

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Grand, Tamara C. "Habitat selection in juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, the effects of intraspecific competition and predation risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24310.pdf.

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41

Hillard, Ashley Brubaker. "Detecting Change in Central California Coast Coho Salmon Habitat in Scotts Creek, California, from 1997–2013." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1434.

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Scotts Creek, in Santa Cruz County, Calif., supports the southernmost extant population of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in North America. In 1997, the California Department of Fish and Game (now Fish and Wildlife) conducted an extensive habitat typing survey of mainstem Scotts Creek, describing all habitat units from the top of the estuary to the limit of anadromy approximately 12 km upstream. I repeated this survey in 2013 to (1) assess changes in the quantity and quality of instream habitat, (2) compare the current condition to goals and standards established in the federal Central California Coast (CCC) Coho Salmon Recovery Plan, and (3) identify opportunities for possible future restoration. A comparison of the two surveys revealed an overall increase in mean canopy cover, mean bank vegetation, mean percentage instream cover, pool depth diversity, and percentage riffles since 1997, and decreases in mean residual pool depth, percentage flatwater, and number of primary pools. Overall, the percentage of the total mainstem classified as pool habitat did not change between the two survey periods. Results for individual habitat metrics were more variable when the stream was broken into discrete reaches delineated by major tributary junctions. Although a large woody debris (LWD) survey was not conducted as part of the 1997 survey, contrasting our results with data collected during intervening years indicated that instream LWD has become more abundant, primarily due to increases in hard-wood species (i.e., red alder [Alnus rubra] and California bay [Umbellularia californica]). When compared to habitat goals established in the federal CCC Coho Salmon Recovery Plan, Scotts Creek has adequate canopy cover and percentage pools, but is lacking in percentage riffles, instream cover, key pieces of LWD per100 m, and percentage primary pools.

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42

Labelle, Marc. "A comparative study of the demographic traits and exploitation patterns of coho salmon stocks from S.E. Vancouver Island, B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30867.

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An investigation was initiated in southern British Columbia during 1984 to determine the degree of similarity between populations of coho salmon, in terms of their demographic traits and exploitation patterns. Fourteen stocks of wild or hatchery origin were subject to coded-wire tagging in nine different streams located within a 150 km region of southeast Vancouver Island during 1985,1986, and 1987. Escapement enumeration and tag recovery were conducted during the 1985-1988 period in all streams by means of counting fences and stream surveys. A new mark-recapture model was formulated specifically for estimating escapement levels in natural streams where only a partial enumeration of spawners is possible. Estimates of the number of tags recovered in various sport and commercial fisheries were generated primarily on the basis of catch and sampling records extracted from the Mark-Recovery Program database, located at the Pacific Biological Station of the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Estimates of sampling rates in the Strait of Georgia sport fishery were determined from simulation studies based on catch and sampling statistics associated with the Georgia Strait Creel Survey and Head Recovery programs. Populations were contrasted in terms of their juvenile migration patterns, smolt-to-adult survival, catch distributions, straying rates, escapement patterns, run composition, adult sizes, and exploitation rates. Considerable variation in smolt size and juvenile migration time was detected among populations each year. The most pronounced difference was the consistently shorter migration period of smolts released from public hatcheries. Estimates of ocean survival was highly variable across years and streams, and even among stocks within the same stream. No particular stock or stock type had consistently higher survival, but hatchery fish from the Big Qualicum River exhibited consistently lower survival. Considerable variation was observed in the duration and timing of various runs within the study area. On average, the contribution of strays to each spawning population was relatively small (< 2%), but strays could account for as much as 50% of the escapement to a given stream. Average exploitation rates were in the neighborhood of 80% each year, but were as high as 96% for some stocks. Substantial differences in exploitation rate were detected between stocks from the same stream, and between stocks from adjacent streams, but exploitation rates were not consistently higher or lower for any particular stock or stock type. The influence of specific factors upon straying rates, survival rates and exploitation patterns was estimated by means of log-linear models. Stock contributions to various fisheries appeared to be related to the release location, and two stock assemblages were identified within the study area based on the level of similarity among stocks in fishery contribution. Attempts to quantify the level of co-variation among stocks in survival and exploitation rates were hampered by the lack of sufficiently long time series of data, but preliminary results gave no indication of a high level of similarity among stocks or stock types. Still, it was possible to identify stocks which could be used as indicators of the general status of all stocks in the study area in terms of escapement trends, smolt-to-adult survival and exploitation rates. Based on the level of similarity observed, indicator stocks are considered to be useful stock-assessment tools, and can provide useful information for management purposes.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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43

Bernatsky, Ivor Paul. "The effect of dietary fatty acids on body composition, growth, mortality and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28918.

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An experiment was designed to determine whether the response of fish to graded dietary levels of essential fatty acids (n3) was affected by the total dietary lipid concentration. Juvenile coho salmon were fed practical diets varying in lipid source and total lipid content. The diets were fed in duplicate during a 27-week and a 12-week period ran in succession. The effects of the different dietary fatty acid concentrations on body fatty acids composition were determined after each period. The dietary fatty acid classes were expressed either as percent of the dry diet or percent of the dietary lipid. Analysis of the body lipid fatty acid composition was performed for neutral and polar lipid fractions. The effect of dietary fatty acid concentration on growth and mortality was determined over a 12-week growth study (period 2). A 24-hour saltwater challenge was performed at the end of period 2. It was used to examine the effect of dietary fatty acid concentration on saltwater tolerance. Dietary n6 and n3 fatty acids appeared to be selectively incorporated into the body polar lipid pool. Linoleate and linolenate underwent elongation and desaturation which resulted in the inhibition of the elongation and desaturation of 18:ln9. The neutral lipid pool served as a source of n3 fatty acids for the polar lipid when dietary intake was limited by low temperatures during period 1. The body neutral monounsaturated and 18:1 monounsaturated fatty acids consistently reflected the composition of the diet. The n3 fatty acid concentration in the neutral lipid was also directly related to the dietary fatty acid composition during period 2. The effect of dietary fatty acids on the body neutral or polar fatty acid composition did not depend on the manner in which the dietary fatty acids were expressed. There was also no significant effect of dietary total lipid concentration on the relationship between dietary fatty acids and their incorporation into the body lipids. The growth response was difficult to interpret because of the high mortality. There was a significant difference in mortality among treatments. A positive relationship between dietary concentrations of total n3 fatty acids or n3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and mortality became evident following analysis of the regression of mortality as a function of dietary fatty acid composition. The dietary fatty acid composition did not appear to alter the saltwater tolerance of the 1+ coho salmon.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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44

Birch, Gary J. "Evidence for adaptive differences in the ontogeny of osmoregulatory ability, current response and salinity preference of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch from coastal and interior populations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26169.

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This thesis examines the ontogeny of plasma sodium regulation (an indicator of osmoregulatory ability), current or rheotactic response (an indicator of emigration timing) and salinity preference in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The purpose of the study was to determine if there are inherited differences in the development of these traits between coastal and interior British Columbia populations of coho. An interior (Cold water River) and a coastal (Rosewall Creek-Big Qualicum River) population were monitored for the above traits throughout the year. Both wild and laboratory groups were included in the study. The laboratory raised populations were divided into two incubation treatment groups: one incubated under a coastal temperature regime, and the other incubated under an interior temperature regime. There were no differences in the development of sodium regulatory ability between wild populations when the data were sorted by coho weight. Coastal coho, however, physiologically smolted after one year in the natal streams, while interior coho smolted after at least two years of freshwater growth. No obvious differences were noted between wild resident populations in the timing of downstream movement or the shift in salinity preference from hypotonic to isotonic and hypertonic salinities. Both of these behavioural responses typically occurred in the spring (April-May) of each year. Fyke net catches, however, sugqested that, in addition to the spring emigrations observed in both populations, a portion of the interior population migrated in the fall (November). No differences in the development of sodium regulatory ability were observed either within or between laboratory raised populations. Ion regulatory ability increased to a plateau in the fall and winter following emergence, and increased to smolting levels during the following spring (April-May). There were differences between coastal and interior populations in the pattern of development of both nocturnal current responses and the preference for isotonic or hypertonic salinities. Interior laboratory raised coho developed negative nocturnal rheotaxis and a preference for isotonic salinities about three months earlier (November) than laboratory raised coastal coho (late February-March). Within populations, no differences were observed in the ontogeny of these traits in the groups reared under different temperature regimes. Because these interpopulation ontogenetic behavioural differences persisted in fish reared under identical laboratory conditions, they probably have some genetic basis. Such an innate component in behaviour implies an adaptive role and in juvenile coho these behavioural traits may allow populations to use a variety of habitats at different distances from the sea, even though a major physiological schedule (in this case the development of ion regulatory capabilities) appears to be fixed within the species. Perhaps variations in migratory timing and salinity preference in juvenile coho evolved to assure survival in a relatively unstable and often severe environment by optimizing habitat use within the constraints of an overriding physiological schedule.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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45

Bueno, Camila Morais Marques. "Extração e caracterização de gelatina de pele de tilapia e aplicação como agente encapsulante de oleo de salmão em microparticulas obtidas por coacervação complexa." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255976.

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Orientador: Carlos Raimundo Ferreira Grosso
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:29:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_CamilaMoraisMarques_M.pdf: 1235801 bytes, checksum: 01bf63d6c99cca84c0ff1402a773967a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Dois grandes desafios na cadeia produtiva da piscicultura são o aproveitamento dos subprodutos gerados durante o processamento do pescado e a produção de micropartículas que sejam mais atrativas para a alimentação de larvas de peixes. O objetivo do trabalho foi extrair e caracterizar gelatina de pele de tilápia para utilizá-la como um substituto das gelatinas de mamíferos na formação da parede, juntamente com goma arábica, de micropartículas obtidas por coacervação complexa contendo como recheio o óleo de salmão. Gelatina de pele de tilápia foi obtida e caracterizada e comparada com gelatina suína comercial quanto à força de gel (Dnqqo), perfil de textura, ponto de fusão, distribuição de massa molar e composição centesimal. Foram também avaliadas as condições de processamento das micropartículas, sua morfologia e microestrutura por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, diâmetro médio e eficiência de encapsulação. Os resultados de força de gel para gelatina suína e de peixe do segundo lote produzido foram bastante similares, apresentando valores de 192,2 ± 2,9 g e de 202,8 ± 3,7 g, respectivamente. O primeiro lote de gelatina de peixe apresentou valor de força de gel bem inferior em relação ao segundo lote (11,5 ± 0,7 g), devido à presença de um conteúdo lipídico relativamente maior no primeiro lote. A gelatina suína apresentou ponto inicial de fusão maior (27,5°C) que as gelatinas de peixe do primeiro e do segundo lotes (18,5°C e 24,0°C, respectivamente). Quanto à distribuição de massa molar, observou-se maior degradação na gelatina suína do que nas gelatinas de peixe. O aumento da velocidade de agitação (14000 rpm) produziu micropartículas com recheio constituído por gotículas menores de óleo. O aumento da concentração de polímeros de parede (5,0 e 7,5%) resultou na produção de partículas com formatos irregulares. As diferentes gelatinas utilizadas para formação das paredes das micropartículas não provocaram alterações significativas nas eficiências de encapsulação, com os valores variando de 59,7 a 72,4%. Os diâmetros médios das micropartículas produzidas com as diferentes gelatinas e com os diferentes recheios variaram de 83 a 150 µm. A utilização de óleo de salmão e gelatina de peixe não modificou a morfologia das micropartículas, que mantiveram a esfericidade característica e a integridade das paredes. Considerando os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é possível substituir gelatina suína comercial por gelatina de pele de tilápia e oleoresina de páprica + óleo de soja por óleo de salmão, permitindo uma produção de micropartículas ricas em ômega 3 e com uma possível maior atratividade na alimentação de larvas de peixes
Abstract: Two great challenges in the pisciculture production chain are the use of by-products generated during the fish processing and the production of more attractive microparticles for fish larvae feeding. The aim of this work was to extract and to characterize gelatin from tilapia skin to use it as a substitute of mammalian gelatins in the formation of matrix of microparticles, obtained by complex coacervation, containing salmon oil. Tilapia skin gelatin was obtained, characterized and compared to commercial pig gelatin as for gel strength (Dnqqo), texture profile, melting point, molecular weight distribution and proximate composition. Conditions of microparticles processing were also evaluated, their morphology and microstructure by optical and scanning electron microscope, mean diameter and encapsulation efficiency. Pig gelatin and one second lot of fish gelatin exhibited quite similar results of gel strength with values of 192,2 ± 2,9 g and 202,8 ± 3,7 g, respectively. Gel strength of first lot of fish gelatin (11,5 ± 0,7 g) was smaller than the second lot due to the lipid content slightly larger in the first lot. Pig gelatin presented an initial melting point larger (27,5°C) than first and second lots of fish gelatins (18,5°C and 24,0° C, respectively). Related to the molecular weight distribution, more degradation was observed in pig gelatin than fish gelatin. Higher agitation speed (14000 rpm) produced microparticles with core material constituted by smaller droplets of oil. The increase of the concentration of matrix polymeric material (5,0 and 7,5%) resulted in production of particles with irregular formats. The different gelatins used as matrix of microparticles did not cause significant alterations in the efficiencies of encapsulation, with values varying from 59,7 to 72,4%, as well as, the replacement of oleoresin of paprika + soy oil for salmon oil also did not produced significant differences among the microparticles regarding to this parameter. The mean diameter remained between 83 and 150 µm considering all the particles produced. The application of salmon oil and fish gelatin did not impair the morphology of microparticles that kept the characteristic spherical format and the wall integrity. Considering the obtained results, it is possible to substitute commercial pig gelatin for tilapia skin gelatin and oleoresin of paprika + soybean oil for salmon oil, allowing a production of microparticles rich in ômega 3 oil and possibly with a greater attractiveness in the feeding of fish larvae
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

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46

Reinhardt, Ulrich Georg. "The role of body size in the habitat choice and foraging behaviour of juvenile coho salmon under predation risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27234.pdf.

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47

Raverty, S. A. "Studies on the pathology of bacterial kidney disease (Renibacterium salmoninarium) in coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335044.

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48

Cristóbal, Helsi María Isidro. "Depressão endogâmica em características de crescimento e resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis em salmão coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152017.

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Orientador: Roberto Carvalheiro
Coorientador: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
Banca: Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira
Banca: Humberto Tonhati
Resumo: Os programas de melhoramento em espécies aquícolas apresentam, no geral, um número restrito de famílias e um pequeno tamanho efetivo populacional, levando ao acasalamento de animais aparentados e, consequentemente, ao aumento da endogamia. Por sua vez, maiores níveis de endogamia tendem a ocasionar queda no desempenho dos animais causada pela depressão endogâmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os níveis de endogamia e depressão endogâmica sobre as características de peso à despesca, comprimento à despesca e resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis em uma população de salmão coho. A resistência a Piscirickettsia salmonis foi definida como o dia da morte de cada peixe após desafio conduzido em dois anos, com média de 42 dias em 2012 e 14 dias no ano de 2014. Foi utilizado um banco de dados composto por 53.504 observações, provenientes de nove gerações e 930 famílias. A estimação dos componentes de variância e endogamia foram obtidas utilizando o programa computacional AIREMLF90 e os valores de depressão endogâmica foram estimados a partir de um modelo animal. Os valores observados para o coeficiente de endogamia foram crescentes ao longo das gerações, com uma taxa média máxima de 8,75% no ano de 2014. A depressão endogâmica afetou em maior nível as características de peso à despesca e dia de morte, com redução de 6,4 e 9,2% no desempenho dos animais, respectivamente, para o nível máximo de endogamia observado (30%). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uso de estratégias ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aquaculture breeding programs present, in general, low number of families and reduced effective population size, resulting in mating of related animals and, consequently, increased level of inbreeding. High inbreeding coefficient may negatively impact the animals' performance due to inbreeding depression. The objective of this study was to estimate inbreeding coefficient and inbreeding depression on growth traits and resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis in a coho salmon population. Resistance against P. salmonis was defined as days to death of each fish after being challenged in two different years, with an average of 42 days in 2012 and 14 days in 2014. Data of 53,504 animals from 930 families was analyzed. Variance components were estimated using the software AIREMLF90, and inbreeding depression was estimated under an animal model. An increasing rate of inbreeding was observed, attaining an average of 8.75% in 2014. Inbreeding depression was more pronounced for harvest weight (PD) and days to death (DM), in comparison with harvest length. At the highest observed inbreeding level (30%), the estimated reduction caused by inbreeding depression was equal to 6,4% for PD and 9,2% for DM. The results indicate the necessity to control inbreeding more effectively for the studied coho salmon population, to guarantee genetic progress in the long term.
Mestre

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49

Gonzalez, Artola Sonia. "Chemical, Physical and Sensorial Compositions of Farmed and Wild Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens), Southern Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29854.

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This study compared chemical, physical and sensorial properties of wild and farmed fish. Farmed yellow perch fillets showed higher lipid contents (2.78% vs. 1.39%); softer texture (0.41 J/g vs. 0.53 J/g); whiter color (higher L* and lower b*values); different fatty acid profile (higher n-3/n-6 ratio), and mineral composition, when compared to their wild counterparts. Similar amino acid profiles and flavor were found between treatments. Dietary protein by itself influenced color and flavor of yellow perch fillets. Yellow perch fed the highest protein concentrations exhibited higher b* (yellow) values and overall flavor was significantly different (p â ¤ 0.05) between fish fed a 45% and 55% crude protein (CP) diet. A 12-week feeding trial determined that southern flounder protein requirement to achieve maximum weight was around 50% CP. Farmed southern flounder were found to be higher in lipid content (3.04 % vs. 1.61%), softer (0.24 J/g vs. 0/33 J/g), different in color (lower a* [green to red]), mineral, fatty acid composition (higher n-3/n-6 ratio) and flavor, than wild. The effect of a crab meal-supplemented diet, on flavor and body composition of flounder was analyzed. The inclusion of crab meal as a flavor enhancer affected the flavor and also influenced color of the fillets (lower L* [lightness] and higher b* values). Wild, farmed and growth-enhanced transgenic coho salmon (market-size) were compared, regarding their body composition and nutritional value. All treatments showed highest lipid levels in the ventral frontal sections and lowest in the tail (p â ¤ 0.05). Overall wild fish showed lower lipid levels and firmer values in the tail sections (p â ¤ 0.05). The insertion of the growth hormone gene affected lipid deposition, texture and color, since transgenic fish showed firmer texture than farmed and similar lipid contents even when fed a high-energy diet. L*, a* and b* values were similar for wild and transgenic coho in most of the body zones. Fillet mineral and amino acid profiles were similar across all groups. No differences were observed in flavor between farmed and wild coho, while panelists preferred the appearance of farmed, when compared to transgenic coho.
Ph. D.

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Dimoulas, Peter Michael. "The fast-start and sprinting ability, and the effects of growth hormone (GH) upregulation on the muscle functioning of GH-transgenic coho salmon." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7321.

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If GH-transgenic coho salmon escaped into the natural environment would their performance during predator-prey encounters or spawning migrations be different from their wild conspecifics? We examined fast-start and sprinting performance to infer their prospective ability to evade predatory strikes and chasing predators, to chase prey, and to complete spawning migrations. Similarly, we addressed the effects of GH upregulation on muscle functioning. Fast-starts are rapid escape events, and are a summation of short-term behavior, white muscle intrinsic properties, musculoskeletal linking, and body shape. Sprinting additionally reveals the capacity of white muscle to support ATP turnover. We sought length-matched cohorts, and we examined fast-starts among juveniles, and sprinting among juveniles and adults. We used 3 groups of Coho salmon: GH-transgenic fed to satiation (GHf), wild fed to satiation, and GH-transgenic par-fed according to the fed consumption of wild Coho salmon. For fast-start performance we simulated predatory strikes and quantified the mechanics and escape velocity via high-speed video. For sprinting performance between juveniles we measured: time to exhaustion, anaerobic substrate usage, velocity, and tail-beat frequency. For sprinting between adults, who had similar body lengths (though GHf were significantly longer than wild Coho), we quantified time to exhaustion and velocity. During fast-starts we found similar mechanics and escape velocity between all groups. We conclude that juvenile GHf may have a similar ability to evade predatory strikes, and GH had no effect on the affectors of fast-starts (we additionally presented across-species comparisons of the effects of GH on muscle enzyme activity, fibre-types, and contractile properties). During sprinting between juveniles, we found similar velocity, tail-beat frequency, and substrate usage; however, GHf took significantly longer to exhaust. We concluded that juvenile GHf might have an enhanced ability to evade chasing predators and to chase prey, due to a higher capacity to support ATP turnover. Between adults, we found similar time to exhaustion, but GHf exhibited significantly lower velocities. While the scaling of velocity offered some insight, differences in body length complicated our analysis. Nevertheless, we suggest that adult GHf may have a reduced ability to evade chasing predators, to chase prey, and to complete spawning migrations.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Salmón Coho'

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