Relevant bibliographies by topics / Salt diapir

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Academic literature on the topic 'Salt diapir'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Salt diapir"

1

MUKHERJEE, SOUMYAJIT, CHRISTOPHER J. TALBOT, and HEMIN A. KOYI. "Viscosity estimates of salt in the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs, Persian Gulf." Geological Magazine 147, no. 4 (January 15, 2010): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680999077x.

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AbstractThe parabolic surface profiles of the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs in the Persian Gulf suggest that they have been extruding with Newtonian viscous rheologies for the last 104 years. We derive velocity profiles for these diapirs, neglecting gravitational spreading and erosion/dissolution while assuming incompressible Newtonian rheology of the salt. Fitting known rates of extrusion at specific points in its elliptical cross-section, the dynamic viscosity of the salt of the Hormuz diapir is found to range between 1018 and 1021 Pa s. Approximating its sub-circular cross-section to a perfect circle, the range of viscosity of the salt of the Namakdan diapir is obtained as 1017–1021 Pa s. These calculated viscosities fall within the range for naturally flowing salts elsewhere and for other salt diapirs but are broader than those for salts with Newtonian rheology deforming at room temperatures. The salts of the Hormuz and Namakdan diapirs are expected to exhibit a broader range of grain size, which matches the limited existing data.
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Gannaway Dalton, C. Evelyn, Katherine A. Giles, Josep Anton Muñoz, and Mark G. Rowan. "Interpreting the nature of the Aulet and Adons diapirs from sedimentologic and stratigraphic analysis of flanking minibasin strata, Spanish Pyrenees, Catalunya, Spain." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 167–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.179.

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ABSTRACT The Aulet and Adons diapirs are exposures of Triassic Keuper evaporites in the Ribagorça Basin in the south-central Pyrenees. The diapirs have been alternatively interpreted from mapped structural relationships as either passive salt diapirs or extensional salt rollers. Correspondingly, the associated diapir-flanking minibasins have been interpreted as either salt-withdrawal or extensional-rollover minibasins, respectively. New field mapping, stratigraphic sections, petrographic analysis, correlation diagrams, and drone photography characterize the depositional facies and stratal architecture of the flanking Sopeira, Sant Gervàs, and Faiada minibasins (upper Albian to lower Santonian synrift to postrift strata), which in turn, constrains the origin and evolution of each salt body and associated minibasins. Each minibasin displays unique facies patterns and stratal thicknesses that reflect depositional systems evolving in response to spatially and temporally variable extension, salt evacuation, and passive diapirism during the Pyrenean rift and postrift phases. The Sopeira minibasin developed in the late Albian with significant localized subsidence, but it remains inconclusive if the bounding Aulet diapir originated as a passive diapir or a salt roller. The Llastarri fault zone, previously interpreted as a salt weld, separates the Sopeira minibasin from the primarily extensional Sant Gervàs minibasin, and is reinterpreted here as a remnant salt ridge, as it lacks evidence for passive diapirism. The Sant Gervàs minibasin remained relatively uplifted until the middle to late Cenomanian, along with the Faiada minibasin. Evidence for passive diapirism in the Faiada minibasin, including diapir-derived detritus and composite halokinetic sequences, indicate salt evacuation into the bounding Adons passive diapir. Integration of detailed sedimentologic and stratigraphic analyses with interpretations of basin formation and structural development provides better resolution of the earlier phases of gravity-driven extension and loading-driven salt movement of the Aulet and Adons diapirs; these insights help constrain structural interpretations and reconstructions of Pyrenean shortening and megaflap development in the Ribagorça Basin. Sedimentological and stratigraphic evidence for or against passive diapirism need to be integrated into structural interpretations, especially when precursor salt structures are obscured by subsequent contraction. This well constrained basin framework demonstrates the effects of inherited extensional structures and passive diapirism on Pyrenean shortening and megaflap rotation.
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Gannaway Dalton, C. Evelyn, Katherine A. Giles, Mark G. Rowan, Richard P. Langford, Thomas E. Hearon, and J. Carl Fiduk. "Sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural evolution of minibasins and a megaflap formed during passive salt diapirism: The Neoproterozoic Witchelina diapir, Willouran Ranges, South Australia." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 165–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.9.

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ABSTRACT This study documents the growth of a megaflap along the flank of a passive salt diapir as a result of the long-lived interaction between sedimentation and halokinetic deformation. Megaflaps are nearly vertical to overturned, deep minibasin stratal panels that extend multiple kilometers up steep flanks of salt diapirs or equivalent welds. Recent interest has been sparked by well penetrations of unidentified megaflaps that typically result in economic failure, but their formation is also fundamental to understanding the early history of salt basins. This study represents one of the first systematic characterizations of an exposed megaflap with regards to sub-seismic sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural details. The Witchelina diapir is an exposed Neoproterozoic primary passive salt diapir in the eastern Willouran Ranges of South Australia. Flanking minibasin strata of the Top Mount Sandstone, Willawalpa Formation, and Witchelina Quartzite, exposed as an oblique cross section, record the early history of passive diapirism in the Willouran Trough, including a halokinetically drape-folded megaflap. Witchelina diapir offers a unique opportunity to investigate sedimentologic responses to the initiation and evolution of passive salt movement. Using field mapping, stratigraphic sections, petrographic analyses, correlation diagrams, and a quantitative restoration, we document depositional facies, thickness trends, and stratal geometries to interpret depositional environments, sequence stratigraphy, and halokinetic evolution of the Witchelina diapir and flanking minibasins. Top Mount, Willawalpa, and Witchelina strata were deposited in barrier-bar-complex to tidal-flat environments, but temporal and spatial variations in sedimentation and stratigraphic patterns were strongly influenced from the earliest stages by the passively rising Witchelina diapir on both regional (basinwide) and local minibasin scales. The salt-margin geometry was depositionally modified by an early erosional sequence boundary that exposed the Witchelina diapir and formed a salt shoulder, above which strata that eventually became the megaflap were subsequently deposited. This shift in the diapir margin and progressive migration of the depocenter began halokinetic rotation of flanking minibasin strata into a megaflap geometry, documenting a new concept in the understanding of deposition and deformation during passive diapirism in salt basins.
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Cedeño, Andrés, Luis Alberto Rojo, Néstor Cardozo, Luis Centeno, and Alejandro Escalona. "The Impact of Salt Tectonics on the Thermal Evolution and the Petroleum System of Confined Rift Basins: Insights from Basin Modeling of the Nordkapp Basin, Norwegian Barents Sea." Geosciences 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070316.

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Although the thermal effect of large salt tongues and allochthonous salt sheets in passive margins is described in the literature, little is known about the thermal effect of salt structures in confined rift basins where sub-vertical, closely spaced salt diapirs may affect the thermal evolution and petroleum system of the basin. In this study, we combine 2D structural restorations with thermal modeling to investigate the dynamic history of salt movement and its thermal effect in the Nordkapp Basin, a confined salt-bearing basin in the Norwegian Barents Sea. Two sections, one across the central sub-basin and another across the eastern sub-basin, are modeled. The central sub-basin shows deeply rooted, narrow and closely spaced diapirs, while the eastern sub-basin contains a shallower rooted, wide, isolated diapir. Variations through time in stratigraphy (source rocks), structures (salt diapirs and minibasins), and thermal boundary conditions (basal heat flow and sediment-water interface temperatures) are considered in the model. Present-day bottom hole temperatures and vitrinite data provide validation of the model. The modeling results in the eastern sub-basin show a strong but laterally limited thermal anomaly associated with the massive diapir, where temperatures in the diapir are 70 °C cooler than in the adjacent minibasins. In the central sub-basin, the thermal anomalies of closely-spaced diapirs mutually interfere and induce a combined anomaly that reduces the temperature in the minibasins by up to 50 °C with respect to the platform areas. Consequently, source rock maturation in the areas thermally affected by the diapirs is retarded, and the hydrocarbon generation window is expanded. Although subject to uncertainties in the model input parameters, these results demonstrate new exploration concepts (e.g., deep hydrocarbon kitchens) that are important for evaluating the prospectivity of the Nordkapp Basin and similar basins around the world.
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Rowan, Mark G., and Piotr Krzywiec. "The Szamotuły salt diapir and Mid-Polish Trough: Decoupling during both Triassic-Jurassic rifting and Alpine inversion." Interpretation 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): SM1—SM18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0028.1.

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The Szamotuły diapir is located on the southwestern shoulder of the Mid-Polish Trough in west-central Poland. The area underwent crustal-scale extension during the Triassic-Jurassic and Alpine-related inversion during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. The diapir is sourced entirely from the Permian Zechstein salt, but there are also thin evaporites within the Triassic. A regional 2D depth-migrated seismic profile, an array of 2D time-migrated data, and quantitative structural restorations are used to illustrate that extensional and contractional deformation were almost completely decoupled by the Zechstein salt. Beneath the salt, interpreted Carboniferous half-grabens were reactivated during the Triassic, offsetting the base salt but not the top salt and causing regional thickening of the Triassic-Jurassic overburden. Inversion was accommodated by reverse movements on the deep faults and uplift of the Triassic-Jurassic strata to form the broad anticlinorium of the Mid-Polish Swell. Cover extension and contraction were concentrated around the Szamotuły Diapir. A linear reactive diapir formed during the Early to Middle Triassic and broke through to become a passive diapir during the Late Triassic that subsequently widened into the Jurassic. Along strike, coeval extension was recorded by ongoing reactive diapirism. Alpine contraction caused squeezing of the passive diapir and the correlative reactive diapir, folding of flanking and overlying strata, and inversion of some of the reactive normal faults. However, shortening was accommodated differently above and below the Upper Triassic Keuper salt. Lower and Middle Triassic strata moved laterally into salt, whether into the passive diapir or into the reactive diapir along strike. Younger strata were folded and thrusted, with delamination at the Keuper evaporites that were depositionally thicker adjacent to the reactive diapir. Zechstein salt squeezed from deeper levels flowed passively into the space created by delamination, producing an allochthonous salt wing in the subsurface.
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Smith, P. M., and N. D. Sutherland. "DISCOVERY OF SALT IN THE VULCAN GRABEN: A GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90017.

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The Paqualin-1 well in Permit AC/P2, Timor Sea, was drilled to test a large structural closure against the flank of an interpreted piercement structure located in the Late Jurassic Paqualin Graben. Prior to drilling the well interpretation of geological, seismic, gravity and magnetic data supported both a salt diapiric and/or an igneous intrusive structural model for the origin of the piercement feature. On drilling the Paqualin-1 well in December 1988, a 627 m thick evaporitic sequence was encountered in the post-rift Tertiary sequence indicating that the well had penetrated a salt overhang close to the main diapiric stock.The age of the evaporitic sequence is unclear but is considered coeval with Palaeozoic salt diapirs in the Bonaparte Basin to the east. Growth of the Paqualin diapir and a similar feature to the south, the Swan structure, which is also interpreted to be a salt diapir, appears to have been triggered initially by the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous breakup of the Australian north-west continental margin (doming and pillowing), and then again by a second major tectonic event in the Late Miocene associated with the collision between the Australian and Eurasian plates (diapir- ism and collapse structures).A distinctive cap rock occurs at the top of the evaporitic sequence characterised by an unusual accessory suite of primary and secondary minerals including euhedral magnetite, bipyramidal quartz, biotite, chlorite, sphene, amphibole and feldspar. The high magnetite component is considered responsible for the positive magnetic anomaly observed prior to drilling. The presence of magnetite and the other minerals in the cap rock appears to be related to the presence of exotic igneous material incorporated in the salt stock and the restricted activity of sulphate reducing bacteria in the crest of the diapir.The discovery of the Paqualin salt diapir and the interpretation of a similar structure in the adjacent Swan Graben has lead to the recognition of new play types related to the diapirs.
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Guerrero, Jesús. "Dissolution collapse of a growing diapir from radial, concentric, and salt-withdrawal faults overprinting in the Salinas de Oro salt diapir, northern Spain." Quaternary Research 87, no. 2 (March 2017): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2016.17.

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AbstractA geomorphic investigation of the Salinas de Oro salt diapir in the Pyrenees reveals that the ring fracture pattern related to the karstic collapse of the diapir crest may vary significantly depending on the rates of dissolution and salt flow, and the rheology of the overburden. The salt diapir has well-developed concentric faults related to salt dissolution subsidence throughout the Quaternary. Roof strata accommodate subsidence by a combination of downward sagging and brittle collapse leading to the development of a ring monocline that is broken by 5 to 20 m throw conjugated normal faults and a 40 m throw, 9.5-km-long and 200-m-wide keystone graben. The salt diapir top has >100-m-long sinkholes that coalesce to form hollows >70 m deep. Up to 3-km-long radial grabens with a 70 to 90 m vertical throw overprint concentric-ring faulting and displace Quaternary deposits demonstrating active salt flow and diapir rise. Radial faults are linked with salt-withdrawal faults of the Andia Fault Zone (AFZ). Salt flow from the AFZ into the Salinas de Oro salt diapir causes brittle gravitational extension of limestone strata leading to a sequence of grabens and Quaternary faults >10 km long and several hundred meters deep.
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Hearon, Thomas E., Mark G. Rowan, Katherine A. Giles, and William H. Hart. "Halokinetic deformation adjacent to the deepwater Auger diapir, Garden Banks 470, northern Gulf of Mexico: Testing the applicability of an outcrop-based model using subsurface data." Interpretation 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): SM57—SM76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0053.1.

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Composite halokinetic sequences (CHS) are unconformity-bounded successions of upturned and thinned strata that form due to drape folding of diapir roofs during passive salt rise. Tabular and tapered CHS have narrow (50–200 m) and broad (300–1000 m) zones of folding, respectively. CHS are originally defined as exposed diapirs bounded by shallow-water strata in La Popa Basin, Mexico. This paper tests the concepts of CHS development at the subsurface, deepwater Auger diapir in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We used 3D wide-azimuth seismic data, well and biostratigraphic data, and structural restorations to interpret and analyzed 11 well-imaged Pleistocene CHS that correlate around the diapir. The lower and uppermost flanks are characterized exclusively by tapered CHS, with wide zones of thinning (240–660 m) and broad taper angles (41°–75°). In between are four discrete CHS with mixed tapered and tabular geometries, with the latter displaying narrow zones of thinning ([Formula: see text]) and negligible taper. Three of the intervals switch geometry around the diapir. The CHS-bounding unconformities typically intersect the salt at cusps and are continuous with bright amplitudes in the minibasins that tie to biostratigraphically defined condensed sections. CHS represent 50–500 kyr time spans and correlate well with fourth-order sea-level cycles. We corroborated many aspects of the published model of CHS development, showed that the formation of CHS due to drape folding was independent of depositional environment and related to fluctuations in sea level and sediment input. The style of CHS is generally determined by the interplay between salt-rise and sediment-accumulation rates, but variable CHS geometries around the diapir within the same interval suggested that the ultimate control is the roof thickness. Our results are critical to understanding and predicting aspects of hydrocarbon traps against salt, including trap geometry, and reservoir distribution.
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HE, WENGANG, and JIANXUN ZHOU. "Structural features and formation conditions of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin." Geological Magazine 156, no. 4 (March 6, 2018): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000018.

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AbstractData from offshore oil and gas explorations have revealed that mud diapirs occur widely not only at continental margins but also in foreland basins and may have played an important role in the entrapment of oil and gas. Although the structural features and formation mechanism of salt diapirs have been extensively investigated, mud diapirs are still not fully understood, largely due to the difficulty of identifying them from seismic data. In this paper, the structural features and main controlling factors of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin are investigated based on seismic profiles combined with drilling data and regional tectonic settings. The results show that there are five types of mud diapir in the Andaman Sea Basin: turtleback mud diapir, mud dome, piercing mud diapir, mud volcano and gas chimney-like mud diapir. Turtleback mud diapirs mainly occur in the southern segment of the accretionary wedge of the Andaman Sea Basin, which is far from the Bengal Fan and characterized by low deposition rate and strong compression tectonic setting. Piercing mud diapirs exist mainly in the central segment of the accretionary wedge, which is close to provenances of sediments and characterized by rapid sedimentation rates, large mudstone thickness and transpressional tectonic setting. Mud domes and mud volcanoes mainly occur in the northern segment of the accretionary wedge, which is characterized by rapid sedimentation rates, large mudstone thickness and sedimentary wedge growth tectonic setting. The gas chimney-like mud diapirs only occur in the northern segment of the back-arc depression close to the Sagaing strike-slip fault belt, which is characterized by high deposition rate, large mudstone thickness and high geothermal gradient. These features suggest that thick mudstone deposit, rapid sedimentation rates, large geothermal gradient, strong tectonic stress and gravitational spreading and sliding may have prompted the formation of mud diapirs in the Andaman Sea Basin.
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Montazeri, Mahboubeh, Lars Ole Boldreel, Anette Uldall, and Lars Nielsen. "Improved seismic interpretation of a salt diapir by utilization of diffractions, exemplified by 2D reflection seismics, Danish sector of the North Sea." Interpretation 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): T77—T88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0190.1.

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Development of salt diapirs affects the hydrocarbon trapping systems in the Danish sector of the North Sea, where the reservoirs mainly consist of chalk. Seismic imaging and interpretation of the salt structures are challenging, primarily due to the complex geometry of the salt bodies and typically strong velocity contrast with the neighboring sediment layers. The quality of seismic imaging in the North Sea is highly dependent on the quality of the estimated velocity model. We have studied diffracted arrivals originating from the salt flanks and adjacent sedimentary structures using a diffraction imaging technique. The diffracted waves carry valuable information regarding seismic velocity and the location of geologic discontinuities, such as faults, fractures, and salt delimitations. We apply a plane-wave destruction method to separate diffractions from our stacked data. We optimize imaging based on diffraction analysis by using a velocity continuation migration technique, which leads to an estimation of the optimum focusing velocity model. We determine that the diffraction-based approach significantly improves the seismic imaging adjacent to the salt diapirs and the neighboring layers when compared with a standard approach in which we mostly ignore the diffractions. The new poststack time-migrated results provide detailed information that optimizes our interpretation of the salt diapir itself (e.g., the width of the salt neck) as well as the sediment layers related to the rim synclines. Processing schemes such as prestack depth migration and full-waveform inversion may potentially provide high-resolution images of the salt structures. We only account for diffractions in nonmigrated stacked data to better constrain seismic velocity and improve imaging around the salt diapir. The obtained results are critical for reservoir characterization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Salt diapir"

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Vargas, Meleza Liliana. "Characterisation of salt diapir flanks constrained by field data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=220463.

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Marginal zones of salt diapirs and canopies are complex geological environments, with rapid spatial variations in lithology, strain, and fluid-assisted alteration. These complex zones can contain economically attractive hydrocarbon accumulations. However, they are difficult to image seismically due to the irregular geometry of salt bodies and the large property contrast between salt and the surrounding sediments. I present an integrated and multiscale approach to build realistic models of salt margins that represent the geological heterogeneity and seismic anisotropy in such complex zones. Structural field data and petrophysical measurements are used to constrain such models. A suite of evaporite samples of various compositions are used to predict the seismic anisotropy from their crystal preferred orientations (CPOs) and elastic properties. Ultrasonic seismic velocities are measured to calculate the relative contribution of the shape preferred orientations to the seismic anisotropy of such samples. Calculation of the seismic anisotropy produced by thinly interlayered evaporites provides a link between small-scale compositional heterogeneity with large-scale seismic anisotropy. Integration of outcrop structural models, petrophysical measurements and the characterisation of seismic anisotropy of salt is possible through seismic modelling. My results suggest that the seismic anisotropy of these samples is strongly controlled by their CPOs, which ranges from 3 to 7% for halite, from 8 to 10% for anhydrite, and from 13 to 22% for gypsum. Predictions indicate that the contribution of a small amount (< 10 %) of anhydrite can moderately alter the seismic anisotropy of polycrystalline evaporite. A small amount of anhydrite interlayered with halite yields anisotropy parameters with magnitudes of = −0.014, = −0.044, and = −0.193, which agree with those parameters calculated for polycrystalline salt. Such calculations of seismic anisotropy at grain scale enable the study of the propagation of seismic waves through salt margins. Seismic images generated from outcrop models of salt diapir flanks show moderate image degradation if anisotropy of salt is neglected during seismic migration. This methodology provides a foundation for the characterisation of seismic anisotropy of salt with which models of salt margins can be improved.
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Cook, Ethan L. "Near-Salt Stratal Geometries and Implications for the Evolution of the Onion Creek Diapir Moab, UT." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6327.

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The Onion Creek Diapir is one of many salt domes proximal to the Uncompahgre thrust front of the ancestral rockies in the Paradox Basin. It is comprised of Paradox Formation evaporites and large blocks of Honaker Trail Formation carbonates that were deformed by loading of Permian Cutler Formation progradational alluvial to fluvial fans. The history of salt movement in the Onion Creek Diapir is recorded in the near-salt strata. Large salt bodies and their adjacent mini-basins evolve conforming to a complex relationship between salt withdrawal, creating localized accommodation, and sediment deposition. Migrating mini-basin depo-centers, thinned and folded strata, and spatial facies trends reveal the relative rates of diapirism and sedimentation. The study area outcrop, north of the diapir, is divided by significant stratigraphic horizons that help define depositional periods. Six measured sections in the study area reveal higher preservation rates of fine grained floodplain deposits, typically destroyed in alluvial environments, than at locations correlating to stratigraphic levels high in the outcrop suggesting a low accommodation environment evolving into higher accommodation where stacked channel complexes are preserved. Preserved slump folding at the base of the outcrop reveals that although some salt emergence occurred in the earliest depositional period it was not significant enough to preclude sediment deposition or to divert the Cutler fluvial network and destroy floodplain facies. A 3-D digital outcrop, modeled from photogrammetric data, illustrates the development of localized accommodation, attracting fluvial channel in a near-salt, tight axial syncline during the later depositional period. These evidences suggest a greater emergence of the diapir and likely diversion of the Cutler channel complexes.
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Chemia, Zurab. "Modeling internal deformation of salt structures targeted for radioactive waste disposal." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9279.

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This thesis uses results of systematic numerical models to argue that externally inactive salt structures, which are potential targets for radioactive waste disposal, might be internally active due to the presence of dense layers or blocks within a salt layer.

The three papers that support this thesis use the Gorleben salt diapir (NW Germany), which was targeted as a future final repository for high-grade radioactive waste, as a general guideline.

The first two papers present systematic studies of the parameters that control the development of a salt diapir and how it entrains a dense anhydrite layer. Results from these numerical models show that the entrainment of a dense anhydrite layer within a salt diapir depends on four parameters: sedimentation rate, viscosity of salt, perturbation width and the stratigraphic location of the dense layer. The combined effect of these four parameters, which has a direct impact on the rate of salt supply (volume/area of the salt that is supplied to the diapir with time), shape a diapir and the mode of entrainment. Salt diapirs down-built with sedimentary units of high viscosity can potentially grow with an embedded anhydrite layer and deplete their source layer (salt supply ceases). However, when salt supply decreases dramatically or ceases entirely, the entrained anhydrite layer/segments start to sink within the diapir. In inactive diapirs, sinking of the entrained anhydrite layer is inevitable and strongly depends on the rheology of the salt, which is in direct contact with the anhydrite layer. During the post-depositional stage, if the effective viscosity of salt falls below the threshold value of around 1018-1019 Pa s, the mobility of anhydrite blocks might influence any repository within the diapir. However, the internal deformation of the salt diapir by the descending blocks decreases with increase in effective viscosity of salt.

The results presented in this thesis suggest that it is highly likely that salt structures where dense and viscous layer/blocks are present undergo an internal deformation processes when these dense blocks start sinking within the diapir. Depending on size and orientation of these blocks, deformation pattern is significantly different within the diapir. Furthermore, model results applied to the Gorleben diapir show that the rate of descent of the entrained anhydrite blocks differs on different sides of the diapir. This suggests that if the anhydrite blocks descent within the Gorleben diapir, they initiate an asymmetric internal flow within it.

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Akinci, Levent. "An Analytical Modelling Approach to Test if a Rising Salt Diapir Triggered The Cape Fear Landslide." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448988088.

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Titeux, Marc-Olivier. "Restauration et incertitudes structurales : changement d'échelles des propriétés mécaniques et gestion de la tectonique salifère." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454607.

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Un des objectifs de la restauration structurale, sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les défauts d'interprétation ou les zones potentiellement fracturées. L'extension de cette technique en volume nécessite la définition a priori des propriétés des matériaux utilisés, notamment lorsque ces propriétés sont définies à une échelle fine. Une première partie, ce travail propose une méthode de mise à l'échelle des propriétés mécaniques utilisées pour les calculs de restauration en volume. La principale hypothèse repose sur la loi de comportement utilisée pour les matériaux définis à l'échelle grossière, supposés isotropiques transverses élastiques. Le calcul des propriétés équivalentes se fait par identification, après simulation par Éléments Finis. Cette technique a l'avantage d'assurer la conservation de l'énergie pour le même type de chargement. Dans une dernière partie, ce travail traite la gestion de la tectonique salifère lors de la restauration structurale. Les diapirs de sel présentent des topologies, des rhéologies, et des séquences de dépôt très caractéristiques. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie de restauration multi-cartes, dont la prise en compte des relations inter-horizons est respectée dans les séquences halocinétiques. Une application de cette méthode est présentée sur le bassin de La Popa (Mexique) où les différentes interprétations réalisées au travers de leurs restaurations sont comparées
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Baikpour, Shahram [Verfasser], and Gernold [Akademischer Betreuer] Zulauf. "The Cenozoic salt diapir near Eyvanekey and Garmsar, Iran : new insights from structural investigations and analogue modeling / Shahram Baikpour. Gutachter: Gernold Zulauf." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044741783/34.

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Fuchs, Lukas. "Strain quantifications in different tectonic scales using numerical modelling." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mineralogi, petrologi och tektonik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280759.

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This thesis focuses on calculation of finite and progressive deformation in different tectonic scales using 2D numerical models with application to natural cases. Essentially, two major tectonic areas have been covered: a) salt tectonics and b) upper mantle deformation due to interaction between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The focus in salt tectonics lies on deformation within down-built diapirs consisting of a source layer feeding a vertical stem. Three deformation regimes have been identified within the salt: (I) a squeezing channel flow underneath the overburden, (II) a corner flow underneath the stem, and (III) a pure channel flow within the stem. The results of the model show that the deformation pattern within the stem of a diapir (e.g. symmetric or asymmetric) can reveal information on different rates of salt supplies from the source layer (e.g. observed in Klodowa-diapir, Poland). Composite rock salt rheology results in strong localization and amplification of the strain along the salt layer boundaries in comparison to Newtonian rock salt. Flow and fold structures of passive marker lines are directly correlated to natural folds within a salt diapir. In case of the upper mantle, focus lies on deformation and resulting lattice preferred orientation (LPO) underneath an oceanic plate. Sensitivity of deformation and seismic anisotropy on rheology, grain size (d), temperature (T), and kinematics (v) has been investigated. The results of the model show that the mechanical lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is strongly controlled by T and less so by v or d. A higher strain concentration within the asthenosphere (e.g. for smaller potential mantle temperatures, higher plate velocities, or smaller d) indicates a weaker coupling between the plate and the underlying mantle, which becomes stronger with the age of the plate. A Poiseuille flow within the asthenosphere, significantly affects the deformation and LPO in the upper mantle. The results of the model show, that deformation in the upper mantle at a certain distance away from the ridge depends on the absolute velocity in the asthenosphere. However, only in cases of a driving upper mantle base does the seismic anisotropy and delay times reach values within the range of natural data.
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Despinois, Frank. "4D evolution of piercement salt diapirs." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542417.

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Carruthers, Thomas. "Interaction of polygonal fault systems with salt diapirs." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/42375/.

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Salt diapirs are some of the most dynamic geological structures in sedimentary basins and vertical rise through their overburdens leads to the development of complex fault systems. Polygonal fault systems constitute a major structural element of fine-grained sediments in sedimentary basins, forming without the requirement of tectonic extension during the early burial phase of sediment compaction and dewatering. These same fine-grained sedimentary overburdens are also deformed by salt diapirs and their associated fault systems in basins such as the Gulf of Mexico, the South Atlantic margins and the North Sea. The aim of this research was to investigate the interactions between salt diapirism and faulting in overburdens deformed by polygonal fault systems using 3D seismic data sets from the Central North Sea and the extensional domain of the Espírito Santo Basin on the SE continental margin of Brazil. In both case studies the regional isotropic planform arrangements of polygonal faults mapped in the post-salt overburden have preferred (radial) orientations around salt stocks, orthogonal alignments with tectonic faults and salt walls, and concentric arrangements in withdrawal basins. Radial faults around salt stocks are invariably layer-bound, conforming to the same discrete layer of stratigraphy as laterally equivalent to layer-bound polygonal fault systems. In the Espírito Santo Basin, the lateral distribution and stacking of polygonal faults is heavily influenced by the distribution of proximal and distal seismic facies. In the Central North Sea spacing, throw and fault length vary as a function of tier thickness. Polygonal and radial faults in the same tier have a similar range of maximum throws and spacing but differ in length and aspect ratios. Radial faults are classified as perturbed members of the basin-wide polygonal fault system which propagate primarily under the influence of compaction and contraction but in an anisotropic stress field. Stacked arrays of layer-bound radial and polygonal faults formed sequentially where upper tier boundaries date the cessation of fault activity. The radial fault zone is between 2-4 stock radii wide. The radial fault zone expanded as salt growth intensified or widened, and contracted as they slowed or became narrower. However, the width of the radial fault zone is not related to the hinge in the domed overburden discrediting arching as mechanism forming the radial faults. Instead, the transition boundary separating zones of radial and polygonal faults in a tier is interpreted to reflect the lateral-extent of hoop stress around salt stocks during faulting. An upward change in the regional polygonal planform and dip polarity of polygonal faults in the Espírito Santo Basin is attributed to a change in the regional stress field during the cessation of thin-skinned extension and gravity gliding and the onset of inversion. The results of this thesis highlight the sensitivity of polygonal fault system to local stress anisotropy and provide a potential route for reconstructing the palaeostate of stress around salt diapirs.
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Davis, Tara Helen. "Tertiary faulting patterns and growth history of Central Graben salt diapirs." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428551.

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Books on the topic "Salt diapir"

1

Collins, Edward W. Geology of Damon Mound salt dome, Texas: Evidence of Oligocene to Post-Pleistocene episodic diapir growth. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1988.

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A, Jackson M. P., ed. Salt diapirs of the Great Kavir, central Iran. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1990.

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Jackson, M. P. A. Internal structure of mushroom-shaped salt diapirs. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1989.

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Jackson, M. P. A. Internal structure of mushroom-shaped salt diapirs. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin, 1989.

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Jackson, M. P. A. Natural strain in diapiric and glacial rock salt, with emphasis on Oakwood Dome, East Texas. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1985.

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Witkind, Irving Jerome. The role of salt in the structural development of central Utah. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Millares Sall, Jane, 1928- artist and San Martín Centro de Cultura Contemporanea (Las Palmas, Canary Islands), eds. Jane Millares Sall: Diario de una pintora. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España: Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Cultura, San Martín Centro de Cultura Contemporanea, 2012.

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(Editor), G. I. Alsop, Derek J. Blundell (Editor), and I. Davison (Editor), eds. Salt Tectonics (Geological Society Special Publications). Geological Society Publishing House, 1996.

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(Editor), B. C. Vendeville, Yossi Mart (Editor), J. L. Vigneresse (Editor), and Jean Louis Vigneresse (Editor), eds. Salt, Shale and Igneous Diapirs in and Around Europe (Geological Society Special Publication). Geological Society of London, 2000.

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177 : Salt Diapirs of the Great Kavir, Central Iran. Geological Society of America, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mem177.

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Book chapters on the topic "Salt diapir"

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Wu, Zhenyun, Hongwei Yin, and Junzhang Zheng. "Reactive Salt Diapir, Southern Precaspian Basin, Middle Asia." In Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images, 167–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119158332.ch31.

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Schmitz, Julia, Prokop Závada, and Janos L. Urai. "Microstructural evolution of glacier salt from the Kuh-e-Namak salt diapir, Iran." In The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X, 46–56. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003295808-5.

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Magnée, I., and A. Francois. "The Origin of the Kipushi (Cu, Zn, Pb) Deposit in Direct Relation with a Proterozoic Salt Diapir. Copperbelt of Central Africa, Shaba, Republic of Zaire." In Base Metal Sulfide Deposits in Sedimentary and Volcanic Environments, 74–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02538-3_5.

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Posey, H. H., J. R. Kyle, and W. N. Agee. "Relations Between Diapiric Salt Structures and Metal Concentrations, Gulf Coast Sedimentary Basin, Southern North America." In Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores, 139–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03054-7_9.

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Jahani, Salman, Jean-Paul Callot, Dominique Frizon de Lamotte, Jean Letouzey, and Pascale Leturmy. "The Salt Diapirs of the Eastern Fars Province (Zagros, Iran): A Brief Outline of their Past and Present." In Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins, 289–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_15.

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HUDEC, MICHAEL R. "THE ONION CREEK SALT DIAPIR: AN EXPOSED DIAPIR FALL STRUCTURE IN THE PARADOX BASIN, UTAH." In Salt, Sediment and Hydrocarbons. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.95.16.0125.

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GOSE, W. A., J. R. KYLE, and M. R. FARR. "DIRECT DATING OF SALT DIAPIR GROWTH BY MEANS OF PALEOMAGNETISM." In Gulf of Mexico Salt Tectonics, Associated Processes and Exploration Potential. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.89.10.0048.

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Yu, Z., and I. Lerche. "Salt dynamics: simulation of mushroom cap on a salt diapir in Barents Sea, Norway." In Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications, 669–79. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88943-0.50044-7.

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Closson, Damien, Najib Abou, Nada Milisavljevi, Frdric Hallot, and Marc Acheroy. "Salt Tectonics of the Lisan Diapir Revealed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Images." In Tectonics. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/13133.

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Koestler, Andreas G., and Werner U. Ehrmann. "FRACTURED CHALK OVERBURDEN OF A SALT DIAPIR, LAEGERDORF, NW GERMANY - EXPOSED EXAMPLE OF A POSSIBLE HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR." In Dynamical Geology of Salt and Related Structures, 457–77. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-444170-5.50015-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Salt diapir"

1

Salomons, B., P. Milcik, V. S. L. Goh, A. Hamood, and H. J. J. Rynja. "Least Squares Migration Applied to Improve Top Salt Definition in Broek Salt Diapir." In 71st EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2009. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201400365.

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Roca, Eduard, Mireia Butillé, Ferrer J. Oriol, Pau Arbués, Marco De Matteis, Josep Anton Muñoz, Mark Rowan, and Katherine Giles. "Salt tectonics and salt-sediment interaction around the Bakio Diapir, Basque-Cantabrian basin, Pyrenees." In International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2016-6384268.1.

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Astromovich, Julia Michelle. "USING NON-SEISMIC METHODS TO ANALYZE SALT STRUCTURE OF THE ONION CREEK SALT DIAPIR, UTAH." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337648.

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Lerche, I., and K. Petersen. "Estimates Of Salt Dynamical Motion And Hydrocarbon Trapping Around A Salt Diapir In The Gulf Of Mexico." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8012-ms.

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M. Reilly, J. "Lines, circles and prisms - Comparative pre-stack evaluation of salt diapir acquisition geometries." In 56th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409803.

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Matic, T., J. Kosky, D. Gorna, J. Holden, R. Refaat, P. Tillotson, D. Davies, and R. Gooder. "Resolving the Challenges of Imaging Steeply-Dipping Reservoirs Against a Complex Salt Diapir." In 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900887.

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Shimoni, Michal, Ramon Hanssen, Freek Van der Meer, B. M. Kampes, and Eyal Ben-Dor. "Salt diapir movements using SAR interferometry in the Lisan Peninsula, Dead Sea Rift." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Francesco Posa. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453964.

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Bailey, Claire H., Richard P. Langford, and Katherine A. Giles. "FLUVIAL SANDSTONE DISTRIBUTION IN THE JURASSIC SALT WASH MEMBER OF THE MORRISON FORMATION AROUND THE GYPSUM VALLEY SALT DIAPIR." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339202.

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Casas, A., D. Deiana, J. Gili, L. Rivero, and V. Pinto. "Geophysical surveys for detecting subsidence and collapse areas at Cardona salt diapir (Catalonia, Spain)." In 8th EEGS-ES Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406179.

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Martines, M., and I. A. Munz. "Anatomy of a Low Porosity Chalk on a Salt Diapir - Trud Structure, Norwegian Central Graben." In 61st EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201408057.

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