To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: SALT II.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SALT II'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'SALT II.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lu, Jiao. "Central Mechanisms Mediating Ang II-Salt Hypertension." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34811.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Statement of problem
Plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) increases blood pressure (BP) through the activation of brain angiotensinergic pathways and the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptors (MR)- epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)-endogenous ouabain (EO) pathway. The response of BP to circulating Ang II is enhanced by high salt intake, but the central mechanisms mediating this elevated response are not known.
Methods of investigation
Study 1) Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and treated with regular salt diet (0.4% NaCl), high salt diet (2% NaCl), sc Ang II infusion (150 ng/kg/min), or sc Ang II infusion together with 2% salt diet for 14 days; plasma aldosterone and corticosterone levels, CYP11B2 mRNA in adrenal cortex and the mRNA levels of Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1R), CYP11B1 (11-β hydroxylase), CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase), MR, 11βHSD2, ENaC α, ENaC β and ENaC γ in the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were measured.
Study 2) MR blockers (eplerenone, spironolactone), ENaC blocker (benzamil), AT1R blocker (losartan) or vehicles were centrally infused in rats treated with Ang II plus high salt, and BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded by telemetry; plasma aldosterone and corticosterone levels and CYP11B2 mRNA expression in adrenal cortex were measured.
Major findings
Ang II alone caused a small increase in BP. Ang II together with 2% salt diet markedly increased the BP and plasma aldosterone level. Sc Ang II decreased 11βHSD2 and MR mRNA expression in the PVN, increased AT1R and ENaC γ expression in the PVN, and increased AT1R mRNA expression in the RVLM. Other genes tested in the four brain nuclei were not affected by sc Ang II or high salt diet. BP and plasma aldosterone increases in response to Ang II and salt, as well as CYP11B2 mRNA expression in adrenal cortex, were largely prevented by central infusion of eplerenone, spironolactone, benzamil or losartan.
Main conclusion
BP and plasma aldosterone responses to Ang II-salt are under the control of central mechanisms, and MR-AT1R activation in the brain plays a critical role in Ang II-salt induced hypertension.
2
King, Andrew J. "Sympathetic mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p.177-201). Also issued in print.
3
Veerasingham, Shereeni J. "Salt-induced hypertension, central regulation by ouabain-like compounds and angiotensin II." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58297.pdf.
Full text
4
Zenteno, Savin Tania. "Plasma arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II concentrations during saline acclimation in birds with salt glands." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29892.
Full textAbstract:
Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) responded differently during acclimation to saline equivalent to full strength sea water. All species were in hydrosmotic balance until they were given 375 mM NaCl. When the birds drank 75 mM NaCl ducks transiently decreased plasma sodium concentration ([Na⁺][formula omitted]) and osmolality (Osm[formula omitted]) and increased cloacal Na⁺ excretion; geese transiently increased hematocrit (Hct), suggesting transient extracellular dehydration; and gulls increased Osm[formula omitted] (but not Hct), suggesting that their Osm[formula omitted] had been below normal when fresh water was offered.
During acclimation to moderately concentrated saline, all species progressively increased plasma arginine vasotocin levels ([AVT][formula omitted]) (without concomitant increase in Osm[formula omitted]) and decreased plasma angiotensin II concentration ([Ang II][formula omitted]) without parallel changes in Hct. Following acclimation to 300 mM NaCl total body water (TBW) was increased in ducks and geese, but acclimation to 375 mM NaCl did not affect TBW in gulls. When they drank 450 mM NaCl, ducks and geese decreased body mass and increased Hct, plasma electrolyte and osmotic concentrations, [AVT][formula omitted] and [Ang II][formula omitted], indicating they were dehydrated. In contrast, saline acclimated gulls did not increase [Ang II][formula omitted] and increased [AVT][formula omitted] less than ducks or geese. Initial [AVT][formula omitted] was not significantly correlated with
sex in either ducks or geese. Female ducks increased [Ang II[formula omitted] and Osm[formula omitted] less than males during exposure to 450 mM NaCl, while female geese increased [Ang II][formula omitted] more than males. Salt gland NaCl secretion and renal water retention counterbalanced NaCl ingested in low to moderately concentrated saline in ducks, geese and gulls, but not in ducks and geese drinking saline equivalent to sea water. Gulls likely maintained simultaneous, concerted function of kidneys and salt glands during high salt intake, while cloacal excretion may have decreased in the Anatidae.
Based on their relative salt secreting efficiencies, plasma ionic concentrations, Osm[formula omitted] and Hct increased much more in ducks than in geese when they drank 450 mM NaCl, and remained unchanged in gulls drinking 375 mM NaCl. Release of AVT and Ang II in birds with salt glands appears to be controlled by a complicated interrelationship between volume and tonicity (threshold for release varies among species), and these (and possibly other) hormones may affect salt gland and kidney function to maintain salt and water balance.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
5
Huang, Chunhua. "Impact of dietary salt intake during growth on cardiovascular homeostasis and neural control of the kidney : role of brain angiotensin II (Ang II)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368519.
Full text
6
Stansfield, Ron E. (Ron Earl) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Taming the technological beast: the failure of Salt II to introduce stability into superpower strategic nuclear forces structures." Ottawa, 1992.
Find full text
7
Nurkiewicz, Timothy Robert. "Effects of hypertension and dietary salt on myogenic activity in the microcirculation possible roles of nitric oxide and angiotensin II /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1004.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 200 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Gabor, Alexander. "Role of Angiotensin II, Glutamate, Nitric Oxide and an Aldosterone-ouabain Pathway in the PVN in Salt-induced Pressor Responses in Rats." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22900.
Full textAbstract:
High salt intake contributes to the development of hypertension in salt-sensitive humans and animals and the mechanistic causes are poorly understood. In Dahl salt-sensitive (S) but not salt-resistant (R) rats, high salt diet increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na+] and activates an aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor-epithelial sodium channel-endogenous ouabain (MR-ENaC-EO) neuromodulatory pathway in the brain that enhances the activity of sympatho-excitatory angiotensinergic and glutamatergic pathways, leading to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesize that high salt diet in Dahl S rats enhances Ang II release in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), causing a decrease in local nitric oxide (NO) action and an increase in local glutamate release thereby elevating SNA, BP and heart rate (HR). The present study evaluated the effects of agonists or blockers of MR, ENaC, EO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or glutamate and AT1-receptors on the BP and HR responses to acute infusions of Na+ rich aCSF, intracerebroventricularly (icv), or in the PVN of Dahl S, R or Wistar rats or to high salt diet in Dahl S and R rats. In Wistar rats, aldosterone in the PVN enhanced the BP and HR responses to infusion of Na+ rich aCSF in the PVN, but not in the CSF, and only the enhancement was prevented by blockers of MR, ENaC and EO in the PVN. AT1-receptor blockers in the PVN fully blocked the enhancement by aldosterone and the responses to infusion of Na+ rich aCSF icv, or in the PVN. Na+ rich aCSF in the PVN caused larger increases in BP and HR in Dahl S vs. R rats and the responses to Na+ were fully blocked by an AT1-receptor blocker in the PVN. BP and HR responses to a NOS blocker in the PVN were the same, but L-NAME enhanced Na+ effects more in Dahl R than S rats. High salt diet attenuated increases in BP from L-NAME in the PVN of Dahl S but not R rats. AT1 and glutamate receptor blockers candesartan and kynurenate in the PVN decreased BP in Dahl S but not R rats on high salt diet. At the peak BP response to candesartan, kynurenate in the PVN further decreased BP whereas candesartan did not further decrease BP at the peak BP response to kynurenate. Our findings indicate that both an acute increase in CSF [Na+] and high salt intake in Dahl S rats increases AT1-receptor activation and decreases NO action in the PVN thereby contributing to the pressor responses to Na+ and presumably, to dietary salt-induced hypertension. The increased BP response to AT1-receptor activation in the PVN of Dahl S is mediated by enhanced local glutamate receptor activation. An MR-ENaC-EO pathway in the PVN can be functionally active and further studies need to assess its role in Dahl S rats on high salt intake.
9
Ambrose, Matthew John. "The Limits of Control: A History of the SALT Process, 1969-1983." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417687511.
Full text
10
Zandevakili, Roham. "Effects of ANG II and its receptor blockers on nasal salt gland secretion and arterial blood pressure in conscious perkin ducks (Anas plalytrhynchos)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq40893.pdf.
Full text
11
Fassmann, Sarah. ""Super Salesmen" for the Toughest Sales Job: The Utah Nippo, Salt Lake City's Japanese Americans, and Proving Group Loyalty, 1941-1946." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1286.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the Utah Nippo, its messages to Salt Lake City's Nikkei population, and draws out the paper's editorial themes intended for resident Utah Nikkei. The Utah Nippo was one of three Japanese-language newspapers that published during World War II and it was a voice for community leaders and editors who urged Salt Lake Nikkei to behave in certain ways that (they believed) would prove a certain loyal American identity. Such an identity was comprised of prescribed behaviors: supporting the government and war effort, attending patriotic activities, keeping a low social profile, and quietly enduring the fear and discrimination directed at them as Nikkei in the midst of a national war against Japan. The Utah Nippo painted the model minority stereotype during World War II, although scholars view it as a postwar concept imposed on Asian Americans. Although not entirely dictated by the Japanese American Citizens League, the newspaper content was influenced by the League's wartime campaigns for working with the U.S. government and behaving loyally. Nikkei in community leadership roles actively encouraged this image because it meant safety by assurance of Americanism. Individuals and editorials highlighted behaviors that helped or hurt the group image. The newspaper also focused on ending racism in the U.S. within Nikkei communities and as they resettled throughout the nation. While the Utah Nippo printed such sentiments, not all residents necessarily agreed with or did as the newspaper suggested, yet the articles indicated the identity that editors and leaders hoped to create. In light of the tenuous situation that Salt Lake Nikkei felt they lived in, it made sense for individuals to outwardly conform and incorporate the paper's behavioral guidelines in order to deflect suspicions over loyalty away from the group.
12
Milan, Vraneš. "Obrazovanje hloridnih i bromidnih kompleksa kobalta(II) u električki nesimetričnim vodenim rastopima soli." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=83678&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji proučavano je građenje kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i bromidnim jonima u vodenim rastopima tipa xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1-x)NH4NO3 pri različitom sastavu soli (x= 0,3 – 0,9), različitom sadržaju vode (z= 2,67 – 6,67) i na različitim temperaturama (45, 55 i 65oC).Istraživanja su imala za cilj proučavanje reakcije građenja kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i bromidnim jonima u vodenim rastopima xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1–x)NH4NO3, uticaja temperature, sastava elektrolita i sadržaja vode na proces kompleksiranja, kao i određivanje termodinamičkih parametara koji karakterišu reakcije asocijacije u ovim sistemima. Ovakvi rastopi soli su posebno interesantni zbog svoje niske tačke topljenja i visoke latentne toplote topljenja pa se mogu koristiti kao fazno-promenljivi materijali za skladištenje toplotne energije.In this thesis absorption spectra of cobalt(II) chloride and bromide in calcium nitrate – ammonium nitrate – water system of the composition xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1–x)NH4NO3 (x= 0.30 - 0.90 and z= 2.67 – 6.67) have been investigated in the wavelength range 400-800 nm at three different temperatures: 45, 55 and 65oC.Temparature, composition of the melt and water content influence on complex formation reactions between cobalt(II) and halide ions in aqueous xCa(NO3)2·zH2O –(1–x)NH4NO3 melts have been studied. Thermodynamic parameters for cobalt(II) – halide association process in different solvents also were determined.Investigated systems are interesting because of their high values of latent heat of fusion and low melting points. Due to these reasons, some melts are proposed for heat energy storage materials, usually known as phase change materials (PCM).
13
Borko, Matijević. "Građenje halogenidnih kompleksa kobalta(II) u rastopima smeše neorganskih soli i polarnih organskih jedinjenja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=77320&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji proučavano je građenje kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i bromidnim jonima u rastopima koji sadrže jednu neorgansku so i jedno organsko jedinjenje i/ili vodu pri različitom sastavu sistema i na različitim temperaturama. Jedan od sistema je amonijum-nitrat – acetamid – voda sastava NH4NO3∙(2,61-z)CH3CONH2∙zH2O (z = 0,0 1,61 i 2,61), a drugi sistem je amonijum–nitrat – dimetilsulfoksid (DMSO) sastava NH4NO3∙zDMSO (z = 1 – 6), na različitim temperaturama (35, 45, 55 i 65 oC). Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio određivanje stabilnosti kompleksa kobalta koji se grade sa sa halogenidnim jonima i komponentama rastvarača, pronalaženje kvalitativne i kvantitativne zavisnosti konstanti stabilnosti kompleksa kobalta(II) sa halogenidnim jonima od temperature i molskog odnosa komponenti sistema NH4NO3∙(2,61-z)CH3CONH2∙zH2O odnosno NH4NO3∙zDMSO, određivanje termodinamičkih parametara koji karakterišu reakcije asocijacije u ovim sistemima.In this dissertation the complex formation between cobalt(II) and halide ions in the melts consisting of one inorganic salt, an organic compound and/or water has been studied at different temperatures. Two molten salt systems have been investigated: 1) ammonium nitrate-acetamide-water system NH4NO3∙(2,61-z)CH3CONH2∙zH2O (z = 0.0 1.61 2.61) and 2) ammonium nitratedimethyl sulfoxide NH4NO3∙zDMSO (z = 1 – 6), at four different temperatures: 35, 45, 55 and 65 oC. The purpose of this work was to determine stability of cobalt(II) complexes formed with the halide ions and the components of the solvents, to discribe the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the stability of the complexes and the melt composition, as well as the changes in the cobalt(II) coordination due to a complex formation. Thermodynamic parameters for cobalt(II) – halide association process in these melts were alsodetermined.
14
Dopona, Ellen Priscila Brito. "Hipertrofia miocárdica induzida por consumo elevado de sal é prevenida por agonista de receptor AT2 da angiotensina II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-26032018-134034/.
Full textAbstract:
O alto consumo de sódio é o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas. A sobrecarga de sal na dieta aumenta o conteúdo de angiotensina II no coração. Muitos estudos tem avaliado o papel da angiotensina II no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia e fibrose cardíaca. A angiotensina II age através de dois receptores: o receptor de angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1) e o receptor de angiotensina tipo 2 (AT2). Embora muitos estudos têm elucidado o papel do receptor AT1 e sobrecarga de sal na dieta no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia, os estudos envolvendo o receptor AT2 ainda são controversos. Com o objetivo de entender melhor o papel do AT2 em modelos de sobrecarga de sal na dieta no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca, ratos Wistars machos foram alimentados com uma dieta normal ou hipersódica desde o desmame até a décima oitava semana de idade. Ambos os grupos foram subdivididos em dois subgrupos. A partir da sétima semana de idade cada um dos subgrupos recebeu o tratamento com composto 21 (3mg/kg por dia, n=16), um agonista do AT2. Peso corporal, pressão arterial caudal, consumo de ração, ingestão hídrica, volume urinário, hematócrito, massas ventriculares, diâmetro transverso do cardiomiócito, porcentagem de fibrose intersticial, expressão gênica e proteica dos componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina foram avaliados. O C21 preveniu o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia e fibrose cardíaca em ratos alimentados com dieta hipersódica. O C21 preveniu o incremento da pressão arterial dos ratos alimentados com dieta hipersódicaHigh salt intake is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary salt overload was found to increase cardiac angiotensin II content. Many studies have evaluated the role of angiotensin II on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Angiotensin II acts through two main receptors: angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. Though there are many studies pointing to the effects of the AT1 and high salt diet, the role of AT2 and its effects in dietary salt overload model is still not elucidated. Aiming to better understand the role of AT2 receptor in models of salt overload on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, male Wistar rats were fed normal or high salt diet from weaning up to 18 weeks of age. Both groups were divided into two subgroups. Starting at 7 weeks of age they were treated or not with compound 21 (3mg/kg per day, n=16), an AT2 receptor agonist. Body weight, blood pressure, food intake, water intake, urine volume, plasma and urinary sodium and potassium, cardiomyocyte transverse diameter, percentage of cardiac fibrosis, gene and protein expression of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, AT1 and AT2 were measured. Compound 21 prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats that received high salt diet. Compound 21 also reduced the increased blood pressure, prevented the lower weight gain in animals fed with high salt diet
15
Boatright, David L. "Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the thermal decomposition of glycolate and N-Nitrosoiminodiacetic acid in aqueous basic salt solutions : II Phase transfer catalysis in supercritical fluids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29885.
Full text
16
Tan, Paul S. G. "Phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the mechanism and kinetics of the hydrolysis of zinc (II) O,O'-dialkyl dithiophosphate, its basic salt and some related compounds." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14518.
Full textAbstract:
S1P n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to investigate the mechanism and kinetics of hydrolysis of zinc (II) O,O'-dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDTP's) in aqueous 1,2-dimethyoxyethane solution at 85°C. All the major intermediates and products were identified and the relative reaction rates of the key steps in the hydrolysis determined. Diethyl ZDTP was found to be hydrolysed (k= 2.35 x 10~4 s"1) to phosphoric acid via O,O'-diethyl dithiophosphoric acid 9ktyj = 1.35 x 10~2 s"1) and thiophosphoric acid (kfcyj = 0.78 x 10~6 s"1); O-ethyl dithiophosphoric acid and dithiophosphoric acid were found to be intermediates; O-elhyl, O,O'-diethyl thiophosphoric and O-ethyl phosphoric acids were produced as by-products of the reaction. From a study of the order of appearance of the intermediates and products, a detailed mechanism for the hydrolysis of ZDTP's has been proposed. The relationship between the 'normal' salt of a ZDTP and its 'basic' form was also studied and the isopropyl derivative was found to dissociate in a variety of organic solvents (including xylene, toluene, diethyl ether, chloroform, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, acetone, dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulphoxide) via a facile equilibrium into its 'normal' salt and zinc (II) oxide. The dissociation was promoted by increasing temperature and solvent polarity and by increasing the water content in aqueous 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane. This equilibrium in favour of the 'normal' salt and zinc (II) oxide was also acid-catalysed. Zinc (II) oxide arising from the dissociation of the 'basic' form was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of 'normal' zinc (II) O,O'-diisopropyl dithiophosphate by reaction with its primary hydrolysis product, O,O'-diisopropyl dithiophosphoric acid. Eventual hydrolysis occurred after all the zinc (II) oxide was consumed.
17
Mahmoudi, Ghodrat, Damir A. Safin, Mariusz P. Mitoraj, Mojtaba Amini, Maciej Kubicki, Thomas Doert, Franziska Locherer, and Michel Fleck. "Anion-driven tetrel bond-induced engineering of lead(II) architectures with N′-(1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide: experimental and theoretical findings." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224307.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of N′-(1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide (HL) as a linker for the PbII tagged extended structures is described. The reaction of Pb(ClO4)2 or Pb(OAc)2 with HL in MeOH at 60 °C and room temperature, respectively, leads to heteroleptic complexes {[PbL]ClO4}n·nH2O and [PbL(OAc)]2, while the same reaction of Pb(ClO4)2 with HL at 60 °C in the presence of two equivalents of NaOAc or NaNO2 leads to heteroleptic complexes {[Pb(HL)(OAc)]ClO4}n and [PbL(NO2)]n, respectively. Using Pb(NO3)2 as a source of PbII in the same reaction with HL and two equivalents of NaN3 or NaNCS at room temperature yields [PbLN3]n and [Pb2(HL)2(NO3)2(NCS)2], respectively. The room temperature reaction of Pb(NO3)2 with HL in the presence of two equivalents of NaClO4 leads to the transformation of the parent ligand to its perchlorate salt [H2L]ClO4. In all the obtained PbII structures, HL or its deprotonated form L acts both as a chelating and a bridging ligand. The nature of the inorganic anion also influences the final structure. In all complexes the PbII center exhibits a hemidirected coordination geometry with all the covalent bonds being concentrated on one hemisphere of the coordination sphere with the closest approach of two atoms on the other side varying from 151° to 232°. The sterically available PbII ion participates in tetrel bonding as evidenced from the detailed structural analysis of the described complexes. As a result of tetrel bonding, the structures of all the six compounds can be extended to a higher dimensional framework, which is further stabilized by π⋯π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings. The DFT based charge and energy decomposition (ETS-NOCV) calculations are performed in order to shed light on the nature of non-covalent interactions that determine the stability of the obtained structures.
18
Mahmoudi, Ghodrat, Damir A. Safin, Mariusz P. Mitoraj, Mojtaba Amini, Maciej Kubicki, Thomas Doert, Franziska Locherer, and Michel Fleck. "Anion-driven tetrel bond-induced engineering of lead(II) architectures with N′-(1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide: experimental and theoretical findings." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30311.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of N′-(1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide (HL) as a linker for the PbII tagged extended structures is described. The reaction of Pb(ClO4)2 or Pb(OAc)2 with HL in MeOH at 60 °C and room temperature, respectively, leads to heteroleptic complexes {[PbL]ClO4}n·nH2O and [PbL(OAc)]2, while the same reaction of Pb(ClO4)2 with HL at 60 °C in the presence of two equivalents of NaOAc or NaNO2 leads to heteroleptic complexes {[Pb(HL)(OAc)]ClO4}n and [PbL(NO2)]n, respectively. Using Pb(NO3)2 as a source of PbII in the same reaction with HL and two equivalents of NaN3 or NaNCS at room temperature yields [PbLN3]n and [Pb2(HL)2(NO3)2(NCS)2], respectively. The room temperature reaction of Pb(NO3)2 with HL in the presence of two equivalents of NaClO4 leads to the transformation of the parent ligand to its perchlorate salt [H2L]ClO4. In all the obtained PbII structures, HL or its deprotonated form L acts both as a chelating and a bridging ligand. The nature of the inorganic anion also influences the final structure. In all complexes the PbII center exhibits a hemidirected coordination geometry with all the covalent bonds being concentrated on one hemisphere of the coordination sphere with the closest approach of two atoms on the other side varying from 151° to 232°. The sterically available PbII ion participates in tetrel bonding as evidenced from the detailed structural analysis of the described complexes. As a result of tetrel bonding, the structures of all the six compounds can be extended to a higher dimensional framework, which is further stabilized by π⋯π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings. The DFT based charge and energy decomposition (ETS-NOCV) calculations are performed in order to shed light on the nature of non-covalent interactions that determine the stability of the obtained structures.
19
Wallace, Ben F. C. "Fighting Back Against the Cold War: The American Committee on East-West Accord and the Retreat from Détente." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1357162421.
Full text
20
Norton, Amie E. "Investigations of Stimuli-Responsive Platinum(II) Salts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504781443162754.
Full text
21
SANCHEZ-LOPEZ, ROSANA. "Partie i : etude des mecanismes impliques dans la resistance au sel chez une bacterie halophile- partie ii : etude des relations structure-fonction de metalloproteinases de la famille collagenase." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13020.
Full textAbstract:
These en deux parties: d'une part etude d'une bacterie en milieu salin. L'addition de proline, choline, permet la croissance de la bacterie. Analyse de la composition proteique de la membrane bacterienne. D'autre part, etude de metalloproteinases et de certaines sequences impliquees dans le site actif de l'enzyme et dans l'activation du zymogene
22
Blomqvist, Maria, and Sofia Lind. "Basel II : – risk för minskat små- och nyföretagande samt bolåneboom?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7477.
Full textAbstract:
Den 1 januari 2007 införs nya kapitaltäckningsregler, Basel II. De nya reglerna innebär bland annat att banker ska använda mer finjusterade metoder för att mäta kreditrisk. Detta skulle kunna få effekter för bankernas kreditbedömning och därmed också för deras kunder. Vi vill i denna uppsats utreda om bankernas kreditbedömning kommer att förändras till följd av Basel II och vilken inverkan en förändring skulle ha på utlåningen till små och nystartade företag samt till bolånekunder. Studiens teoriavsnitt grundas på tryckta och elektroniska källor och utgörs av valda delar ur nuvarande regelverk Basel I, kommande regelverk Basel II samt kortfattad kreditbedömningsteori. Empirin utgörs av primärdata i form av tre besöksintervjuer på två storbanker, vilken även kompletterats med information från bankernas årsredovisningar. Undersökningen visar att förfinad riskklassificering troligen kommer att medföra ett ökat räntespann. Vår uppfattning är att bolånekunder har gynnats, eller kommer att gynnas, av lägre räntor medan små och nystartade företag med svaga verksamheter löper risk att initialt drabbas av högre räntor och sämre tillgång på kapital.
23
Pettersson, Adam, and Anna Wesslén. "Basel II : Hur påverkas Sala Sparbank av de nya kapitaltäckningsreglerna?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-885.
Full textAbstract:
Problem - Den 1 januari 2007 kom det nya
kapitaltäckningsregler, Basel II, som påverkade alla
banker. Utifrån detta har frågeställningarna utformats.
Hur har Sala Sparbank påverkats av implementeringen
av Basel II?
När och hur har implementeringen skett?
Syfte - Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur Basel II har
påverkat Sala Sparbank.
Metod - Studiens författare bestämde sig för att studera Basel II
och började med att samla in relevant sekundärdata. Då
referensramen var färdig utformades intervjumallen
som ligger till grund för studiens primärdata. Studien
grundar sig på en kvalitativ metod då stora delar av
den insamlade data är primärdata. Semistrukturerade
intervjuer genomfördes då författarna ville undvika
ledande frågor i största möjlighet. En analys av
referensramen samt empirin genomfördes, vilket ledde
fram till studiens slutsats.
Resultat - Sala Sparbank har haft stor nytta av det nya regelverket
då de har kunnat uppdatera och omorganisera hela sin
verksamhet. Detta har gjort att banken i dagsläget är
redo för att möta framtiden på ett konkurrenskraftigt
sätt.
24
Stuart, Clare Anne. "Reactions of ruthenium(II) diphosphine complexes with silver(I) salts." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366948.
Full text
25
Benhlima, Nadia. "Echelles d'acidite et de potentiel redox dans le nitrate d'ethylammonium fondu et ses melanges avec l'eau a 298 k." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066066.
Full text
26
Costa, Andrea Volante. "O lúdico na sala de aula de língua portuguesa no fundamental II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-05082008-141909/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho tem por objetivo a reflexão sobre uma alternativa de ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa no Fundamental II cujo foco esteja no desenvolvimento efetivo das habilidades de leitura, oralidade e escrita por meio de atividades lúdicas. Para tanto, pautou-se pela experiência bem sucedida com esse tipo de recurso no ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa, notadamente em cursos de idiomas, cuja orientação metodológica é a Abordagem Comunicativa, e, em especial, o Task-based Language Teaching. O conceito de jogo aqui empregado provém das obras de Huizinga (2004), Wittgenstein (1975) e Brougère (1995, 1999), enquanto a relação entre jogo e Educação foi discutida tendo em vista as considerações de Kishimoto (1992, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2007), Brougère (1995, 1999) e Macedo, Petty e Passos (2005), e entre jogo e língua estrangeira, por Crookall e Oxford (1990) e Bullards (1990). Discutiu-se as abordagens e metodologias mais difundidas no Brasil (FERRO, 1998; RODRIGUES, 2005; BERGO E GOMES, 1985) com a finalidade de se contextualizar a utilização do jogo no Task-based Language Teaching (ELLIS, 2003). A análise do que se compreende como tarefa central do ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa privilegiou quatro pontos de vista distintos: o da tradição escolar, dos resultados das avaliações do ensino Fundamental, da perspectiva oficial (PCN) e dos estudos lingüísticos voltados à Educação. Partindo desse referencial teórico, realizou-se em duas etapas uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico. A Primeira Entrada em Campo consistiu na observação de aulas de Língua Portuguesa e de Língua Inglesa extracurricular em um colégio particular em São Paulo. Objetivou-se verificar como tem sido a prática efetiva nessas disciplinas com relação ao uso de jogos em sala de aula, concluindo-se que 60% do tempo das aulas observadas de Língua Inglesa foram ocupados por atividades lúdicas, enquanto, a rigor, nenhuma atividade desse caráter ocorreu na de Língua Portuguesa. Na Segunda Entrada em Campo realizou-se um minicurso de leitura, oralidade e escrita, ministrado pela pesquisadora a alunos da rede pública de ensino, no qual verificou-se as possibilidades reais de sucesso de uma metodologia de Língua Portuguesa cuja prática considerasse as atividades lúdicas como uma alternativa ao excesso de atividades metalingüísticas revelados por estudos de Neves (2003) e Semeghini- Siqueira (1998, 2006a). O referencial metodológico para a elaboração das aulas do minicurso pautou-se pelos conceitos de Avaliação Diagnóstica e Formativa (SEMEGHINI-SIQUEIRA, 1997, 2002) e Seqüência Didática (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ; NOVERRAZ, 2007) como forma de estruturação para atividades lingüísticas e epilingüísticas (SEMGHINI-SIQUEIRA, 1977, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2006b, 2006c; FRANCHI, 1991; GERALDI, 1985, 1991, 2002; TRAVAGLIA, 1996; POSSENTI, 1996), organizadas em torno do gênero textual entrevista. A inserção de atividades lúdicas que privilegiaram diversas habilidades e diferentes formas de abordagem da língua resultou em um aprendizado mais significativo e eficiente do que aquele observado em aulas de Língua Portuguesa cujas atividades restringem-se apenas às metalingüísticas.This dissertation aims at reflecting upon an alternative to Portuguese learning and teaching in Middle school1 in which the focus is the development of the proficiency in reading, writing and speaking by means of game-like activities. Therefore, it bears resemblance to the highly successful experience conducted by English courses in line with the Communicative Approach, specially, those of Task-based Language Teaching orientation. The concept of game hereafter presented comes from the works of Huizinga (2004), Wittgenstein (1975) and Brougère (1995, 1999), meanwhile the relationship between games and education relies upon the considerations of Kishimoto (1992, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2007), Brougère (1995, 1999) and Macedo, Petty e Passos (2005); as for games and second language learning and teaching, by Crookall and Oxford (1990) and Bullards (1990). Approaches and methodologies with a greater importance in the Brazilian context (FERRO, 1998; RODRIGUES, 2005; BERGO E GOMES, 1985) were discussed in order to provide background information on the usage of games in Task-based Language Teaching (ELLIS, 2003). Four points of view were privileged to the analysis of the main reasons for learning and teaching Portuguese: the schooling tradition, the results of the evaluation conducted to measure the performance of the students enrolled on the Middle school, the official perspective (PCN) and the linguistic studies related to Education. Having this theoretical scope in mind, two different pieces of ethnographic research were conducted. The first one consisted of the observation of both Portuguese and English (extracurricular) classes at a private school in São Paulo, so that it would be possible to verify whether their delivery has really been taking into consideration the use of games or not. It was reached the conclusion that 60% of the time spent in the English classes observed were on game activities. On the other hand, none activity was observed during the Portuguese class. In the SECOND FIELD STUDY, there was a mini-course of reading, writing and speaking, taught by the researcher, in which students from a public school in São Paulo participated in. Its main objective was to access the real possibilities of success in teaching Portuguese by making use of game activities instead of the metalinguistic ones, pointed as the major resource for Portuguese classes by Neves (2003) and Semeghini-Siqueira (1998, 2006a). The methodological reference for the mini-course is based upon the concepts of \"Avaliação Diagnóstica e Formativa\" (SEMEGHINI-SIQUEIRA, 1997, 2002) and \"Seqüência Didática\" (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ; NOVERRAZ, 2007) as a means of structuring the linguistic and epilinguistic activities (SEMGHINI-SIQUEIRA, 1977, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2006b, 2006c; FRANCHI, 1991; GERALDI, 1985, 1991, 2002; TRAVAGLIA, 1996; POSSENTI, 1996) around the interview genre. As a result, the game activities carried out in the Portuguese classes held by the mini-course proved to be very effective, therefore the learning was enriched by the variety of approaches as well as the range of skills involved in performing the tasks.
27
Deacon, Paul Robert. "The preparation, characterisation and anti-bacterial activity of orally-viable tin(II) salts." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240664.
Full text
28
Ericius, Martin. "Investerarskyddet i MiFiD II : En jämförelse med gällande rätt samt en rättsekonomisk analys." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294368.
Full textAbstract:
MiFID II står för dörren och en skärpning av reglerna vid investeringsrådgivning avses. I detta arbete undersöker författaren förändringarna som sker av reglerna för dokumentation, ersättning till anställda, lämplighetsbedömningen, kompetenskrav samt bästa orderutförande till icke-professionell kund. Analysen sker med utgångspunkt i de problem som uppmärksammats i tillsynen, främst avseende intressekonflikter och informationsunderläge. Uppsatsen tittar också på de rättsekonomiska effekterna av nämnda förändringar.
29
Marlot, Samuel. "Les lois révolutionnaires 11 août 1792-22 prairial an II : La codification du salut public." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020059.
Full textAbstract:
Les « lois révolutionnaires » sont une expression courante pendant la révolution qui caractérise généralement les décrets de la Convention se rapportant à la Terreur. Ces textes, appelés parfois mesures de salut public ou mesures de sûreté générale, sont soumis à un même régime juridique dans le décret du 14 frimaire mais ne sont pas définis. Cependant le décret du 11 août 1792 sur la police de sûreté générale, celui du 5 septembre 1793 relatif à l’armée révolutionnaire ou encore du 22 prairial sur le tribunal révolutionnaire réservent l’application de ces textes aux organes révolutionnaires. Cette approche organique de la loi révolutionnaire met en exergue ces institutions nouvelles nées après le Dix août (sociétés populaires, comités de surveillance, armée révolutionnaire, commissions militaires,etc. ) et qui fonctionnent parallèlement aux institutions de la constitution de 1791, qui sont maintenues. Ils appliquent les lois révolutionnaires, les lois ordinaires relevant quant à elles des « autorités constituées ». Un second critère de classement des lois révolutionnaires repose sur les dérogations apportées à la norme pénale, telle qu’elle apparaissait dans le code de 1791. Celui-ci privilégiait une approche individuelle et graduelle de la peine. Les sanctions contenues dans les lois révolutionnaires, parfois prononcées par les autorités administratives, répriment l’appartenance à une catégorie honnie et visent à éliminer les ennemis. Elles n’incriminent pas un comportement ou une abstention et ne contiennent pas de gradation des peines en fonction de l’importance de l’infraction. Cette seconde liste de décrets de la Convention répond au critère matériel. Deux blocs de lois révolutionnaires peuvent donc être érigées. En septembre 1793, certains décrets répondent conjointement à ces deux critères : les organes révolutionnaires sont chargés de la répression des ennemis. Les comités de surveillance arrêtent les suspects, les sociétés populaires dénoncent les fonctionnaires fédéralistes, les représentants en mission destituent les administrateurs et enfin le tribunal révolutionnaire juge les conspirateurs. Une définition juridique de la Terreur peut donc être établie grâce à cette mutation des lois révolutionnaires. À partir de septembre 1793, les organes révolutionnaires participent à la lutte contre les ennemis. Les lois révolutionnaires sont ensuite nettement distinguées des lois ordinaires dans le décret du 14 frimaire, qui impose la nécessité d’une codification pour faciliter l’accès des organes révolutionnaires aux décrets de la Convention. Trois compilations sont réalisées en 1794 : le code des comités de surveillance, le code des émigrés et le projet de code révolutionnaire.
30
Nordström, Sara. "En analys av Joseph Conrads roman Heart of Darkness samt novell An outpost of progress." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Litteraturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-12649.
Full textAbstract:
Denna studie är en analys av romanen Heart of Darkness (1902) och novellen An outpost ofprogress (1898) av Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) i syfte att undersöka berättelsernashuvudsakliga tematik ur en postkolonial infallsvinkel samt vad Conrads avsikt tycks ha varitmed porträtteringen av elfenbensagenten Kurtz. För att genomföra denna analys har jag gjorten närläsning av Heart of Darkness samt An outpost of progress och samtidigt tolkathändelseförloppen.Tolkningarna är delvis mina egna samt delvis baserat på tidigare forskning. Efter att hagenomfört dessa närläsningar är min slutsats att Conrads huvudsakliga avsikt var att skildaden mänskliga moralens förfall genom den ondskefulla girigheten. Det är denna girighet somhan definierar som det mörka i en människas hjärta. Genom framställningen av Kurtz visarhan exempel på detta samt hur farlig en skicklig retoriker kan vara.
31
BRITO, Liz Romão de. "Literatura e história na sala de aula: uma parceria para o letramento no ensino fundamental II." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/201.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Denize Lourenço (biblicfp@cfp.ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-12-29T14:34:13Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
LIZ ROMÃO DE BRITO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 2072332 bytes, checksum: bbd849e362aec2f765b204e81a6c5d9b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-29T14:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIZ ROMÃO DE BRITO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 2072332 bytes, checksum: bbd849e362aec2f765b204e81a6c5d9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20
Este trabalho objetiva reafirmar a necessidade de a escola voltar-se para o letramento dos indivíduos como uma forma de inseri-los na sociedade de maneira atuante e competente. Desde a construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico até a gestão da sala de aula precisam garantir práticas educativas que visem o desenvolvimento do letramento.A proposta é que o texto literário seja efetivamente utilizado em sala de aula por todas as áreas do conhecimento, pois todas são responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da competência leitora dos alunos, visto que, o mundo contemporâneo exige um sujeito crítico, capaz de intervir na realidade. Isso é possível através do contato com mundos diferentes que a literatura é capaz de proporcionar e, portanto, constitui-se num campo fértil para estabelecer diálogos consigo mesma ou com outros textos e até com outras épocas, o que permite ao aluno inferir, comparar, concordar, discordar e questionar, habilidades fundamentais na construção do leitor competente. Este trabalho propõe uma aproximação entre Literatura da História, através da leitura do romance “Viagens de Gulliver”, enquanto gênero literário, bastante rico pela complexidade de personagens e fatos que fazem parte do enredo, e que nada mais são do que uma visão fictícia das sociedades e dos valores morais, intelectuais e culturais que se descortinam na narrativa. A turma escolhida foi o 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental por apresentar maturidade para dialogar com um romance que enfatiza a formação das sociedades, a condição humana diante do poder e as guerras, assuntos pertencentes ao currículo de História na série citada. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta interdisciplinar entre História e Literatura pois acredita-se que o aluno precisa compreender que a realidade social é uma construção histórica da humanidade, e que o romance “Viagens de Gulliver” possibilita ao aluno entrar em contato com diferentes pontos de vista, que revela “os lugares da memória”. A disciplina de História foi escolhida por estabelecer ligação com a Literatura porque ambas proporcionam uma ampla visão das sociedades através do processo de complementaridade entre ficção e realidade. No ensino fundamental, a leitura literária é imprescindível, independente da área de conhecimento, porque ela é responsável pela construção da autonomia individual e coletiva. Tal autonomia é adquirida a partir da interação entre os indivíduos permeada pela leitura. Por este motivo a proposta de intervenção objetiva aproximar o romance “Viagens de Gulliver” e o livro didático do 9º ano como forma de proporcionar ao aluno diversas possibilidades de perceber a realidade.
This work aims to reaffirm the need for the school to turn to the literacy of individuals as a way to insert them into the society in an active and competent way, to this end is fundamental the innovation of the whole educational practices, since the construction of the Pedagogic Political Project to the classroom management. The proposal is that the literary text is effectively used in the classroom by all areas of knowledge, because all are responsible for the development of reading competence of the students, since the contemporary world requires a critical subject, able to intervene in reality. This is possible, since each teacher has a thorough knowledge of the features of reading act. In order to the dialog among them happens safely and fertility. Literature allows contact with different worlds and, therefore constitutes a fertile field for contacting the dialogues it’s capable of providing, either with itself or with other texts and even other epochs, what allows students to infer, compare, agree, disagree and question, fundamental skills in building competent reader. To approximate the History of Literature, it proposes the reading of the novel as a literary genre, very rich by the complexity of the characters and events that are part of the plot, and which are nothing more than a fictitious vision of societies and of the moral, intellectual and cultural values that are revealed in the narrative. The goal is to appropriate of the literary text as historical source, in order to the students start to understand that social reality is a historic building of humanity, and to this end, this historical reading needs to be interdisciplinary, this is the reason of the choice for the novel, which allows contact with different points of view, which reveals the "places of memory". In elementary school, literary reading is essential, regardless of the area of knowledge, because it is responsible for the construction of individual and collective autonomy.
32
Ling, Rick. "Gustav II Adolf - "I idealitetens skimmer" : En studie om framställningen av Gustav II Adolfs person, politiska gärningar samt historiebruk i allmänna översikter om svensk historia." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51881.
Full textAbstract:
This study shows how the image of Gustavus Adolphus's personality and his political deeds have been portrayed in historical works dealing with the overall history of Sweden. The study has also, with the help of analytical tools on uses of history, examined how the memory of Gustavus Adolphus's personality and political deeds has been used by focusing on the scientific, existential, moral, ideological, and political interests. A total of eight works have been examined during a period stretching from the years 1830-2000. Based on the historical cultural perspective, the analysis of the historical works shows a consistently positive and idealised portrayal of both Gustavus Adolphus's personality and political deeds. This idealised portrayal of the king is especially visible in the sources from the 19th century where he is ascribed several leadership characteristics and personal qualities. From the 20th century onwards Gustavus Adolphus continues to be described in positive terms, however the idealization aspects in the author’s portrayal are gradually diminishing. Throughout the 20th century a gradual shift in focus from Gustavus Adolphus's personality and his role in political affairs can be observed. Instead, the authors start focusing more on describing the overall course of historical events. In the examination of the different uses of history, the scientific and ideological uses of history are the most visible and dominant elements in the authors portrayal. It has been observed that the scientific use of history over the course of time become a stronger and more dominant at the expense of the other uses of history. In summary, the authors portrayal has shown that Gustavus Adolphus has consistently been viewed in a positive light, however the extent to which he is featured in and the role he plays in the authors depiction has gradually diminished with time. A clear trend towards a more scientific use of history has also been observed.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur bilden av Gustav II Adolfs person och hans politiska gärningar har framställts i allmänna översikter om svensk historia. Studien ska därtill med hjälp av en historiebrukstypologi undersöka hur historien om Gustav II Adolfs person och politiska gärningar har använts genom att fokusera på vetenskapliga, existentiella, moraliska, ideologiska och politiska intressen. Totalt har åtta verk undersökts under tidsperioden 1830-2000. Med utgångspunkt i ett historiekulturellt perspektiv visar analysen av författarnas framställningar på en konsekvent positiv och idealiserad bild av både Gustav Adolfs person och politiska gärningar. Denna idealiserade porträtt av kungen är särskilt märkbar i källor från 1800-talet där han tillskrivs ett antal olika ledarskapsegenskaper och personliga kvalitéer. Från och med 1900-talet så fortsätter Gustav Adolf att beskrivas i positiva ordalag men det ideala porträttet av kungen har gradvis avtagit med tiden. Genom hela 1900-talet ser vi ett successivt skifte i fokus från Gustav Adolfs person och hans roll i den politiska händelseutvecklingen. Istället börjar författarna fokusera mer på att beskriva översiktliga händelseförlopp och utvecklingslinjer. I undersökningen och analysen av historiebruket så är det de vetenskapliga och ideologiska historiebruket som utmärker sig som dem mest synliga och dominanta historiebruken i författarnas framställningar. En utvecklingslinje har observerats där det vetenskapliga historiebruket successivt blivit ett starkare inslag i författarnas framställningar på bekostnad av andra historiebruk. Sammanfattningsvis så har författarnas framställningar visat på en konsekvent positiv bild av Gustav II Adolf. Men det utrymme kungen får och den betydelse han tillskrivs av författarna har minskat med tiden.
33
Raoelison, Jean de Dieu. "Eglise sacrement du salut selon Vatican II et les nouveaux groupements religieux à Madagascar : quels rapports instaurer? /." Lugano : Sapiens ed, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9788883800306.
Full text
34
Alba, Garibay Marco Antonio. "Persistence of inflammatory activity in giant cell arteritis:Role of the angiotensin II system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283754.
Full textAbstract:
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology that affects medium-sized and large arteries. GCA may deeply impair the patient's quality of life as a result of systemic smouldering activity, disease progression or adverse effects related to therapy.
The present thesis is a compendium of four articles assessing clinical and immunopathological characteristics associated with persistence of chronic inflammation in GCA patients. In the first publication, we described the clinical course of a small series of GCA patients derived from Latin America, a geographic area where data regarding this disease were virtually absent. We found that major features observed in this population were similar to those reported in series of Caucasian origin.
The second article described the prevalence, predictors, and main features of relapses, one of the many faces of the persistent inflammatory activity that characterizes GCA. This study, performed in a large cohort of patients uniformly treated and followed, demonstrated that disease flares are frequent and, importantly, that a relapsing course was associated with higher and prolonged GC requirements and increased morbidity.
The third publication was oriented to the need of identifying adjuvant therapies for GCA and deals with the potential benefit of adding angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) to standard prednisone treatment. The study rationale was based on the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects recently described for this drug class. Our results suggest that ATII receptor blockade may help to maintain remission, reduce the relapse rate, and spare glucocorticoids in patients with GCA.
Following this clinical observation, we further investigated a potential contribution of the angiotensin II (ATII) system in the maintenance of inflammatory activity in GCA. In the fourth paper we showed that ATII system is overexpressed in GCA inflammatory lesions. In addition, we confirmed that ATII exhibited pro-inflammatory properties in co-cultures of Iymphocytes, monocytes and temporal artery-derived vascular smooth muscle cells which were reversed by the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan..La arteritis de células gigantes (ACG) es una vasculitis sistémica idiopática que afecta principalmente arterias de mediano y gran calibre. La calidad de vida de estos pacientes puede verse seriamente afectada debido a múltiples complicaciones inmediatas y tardías. Esta tesis es un compendio de cuatro artículos que evalúan características clínicas e inmunopatológicas de la persistencia de la inflamación crónica en la ACG. En la primera publicación, se describen las características y la evolución de la enfermedad en una pequeña serie de pacientes latinoamericanos, concluyéndose que las manifestaciones y el comportamiento de esta vasculitis es similar a la reportada en otras cohortes, principalmente de origen caucásico. En el segundo artículo se describe la prevalencia, características y factores asociados con las recaídas o rebrotes, una manifestación de la constante actividad inflamatoria de la ACG. Nuestro estudio demostró que los pacientes con esta vasculitis sufren recaídas de manera frecuente, lo que se asoció a largo plazo con mayor requerimiento de esteroides sistémicos y mayor prevalencia de efectos adversos. La tercera publicación tuvo como punto de partida la necesidad de identificar tratamientos alternativos para lograr un mejor control de la ACG. El punto de partida de este estudio fueron los efectos anti-inflamatorios vinculados a los antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina (ARA). Los resultados mostraron que la adición de ARA al tratamiento habitual de la ACG estaba asociado con un menor número de recaídas y un efecto ahorrador de corticoesteroides (CE). A partir de esta observación clínica, investigamos si la angiotensina II (ATll) podría desempeñar un papel en el mantenimiento de la actividad inflamatoria crónica de la ACG. En el cuarto manuscrito mostramos que el sistema de la ATll está sobre-expresado en las arterias temporales de pacientes con esta vasculitis. Además, corroboramos que la ATll es capaz de inducir citoquinas pro-inflamatorias en un sistema de co-cultivo de linfocitos, monocitos y células musculares lisas vasculares derivadas de arteria temporal, efecto inhibido mediante el bloqueante del receptor de angiotensina II, losartán.
35
Álvarez, del Castillo Manuel. "Utilidad del sistema general de medición de gravedad, Mortality prediction model (MPM II), como predictor de mortalidad hospitalaria, en pacientes adultos con traumatismo craneoencefálico, ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4382.
Full textAbstract:
Introducción: El pronóstico vital al alta hospitalaria de los enfermos con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) ha sido realizado mediante el uso del Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). El de los pacientes ingresados en UCI mediante el uso de los sistemas generales de medición de gravedad, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) y Mortality Prediction Model II (MPM II).Hipótesis: 1º.- Demostrar que el sistema MPM II ajusta mejor la predicción de mortalidad hospitalaria que el GCS y los sistemas APACHE II y SAPS II, en aquellos pacientes que ingresan en UCI a causa de un TCE.
2º.- Que el sistema MPM II es reproducible, y por lo tanto, sus conclusiones fiables.
Material y Método: 1º.- 401 pacientes ingresados consecutivamente a causa de un TCE, en 137 UCIs de 12 países de Europa y Norteamérica. Se calculó la puntuación del GCS, APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM II0 al ingreso y del MPM II24 a las 24 horas. Se utilizó una regresión logística para convertir el GCS en una probabilidad de morir y se hallaron las probabilidades de fallecer generadas por los otros sistemas. Se halló la calibración y la discriminación para cada uno de estos sistemas. 2º.- 5% (119 casos) de una muestra randomizada de una población de 2332 pacientes ingresados consecutivamente en 15 UCIs de Catalunya y Baleares. Se halló la reproducibilidad de las variables del sistema MPM II, entre los datos recogidos por un observador de forma prospectiva y los recogidos por otro observador de forma retrospectiva.
Resultados: 1º.- El sistema MPM II, tanto al ingreso como a las 24 horas, calibra mejor que el GCS, APACHE II y SAPS II. El estadístico C era de 18.4 para GCS, 68.2 para APACHE II y de 30.3 para SAPS II. Todos ellos presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados predichos y los hallados (p<0.05). MPM II0 y MPM II24 presentan un estadístico C menor, de 11.8 y de 10.8 respectivamente, y no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados predichos y los hallados (p>0.30). La discriminación de todos los sistemas fue superior al 89%. 2º.- La reproducibilidad de las variables del sistema MPM II, medido mediante el índice de concordancia kappa, muestra una concordancia alta-moderada. La reproducibilidad global del sistema MPM II medida mediante el uso del coeficiente de correlación intraclases, es superior al 85%.
Conclusiones: 1º.- El sistema MPM II ajusta mejor la predicción de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes ingresados en UCI a causa de un TCE, que la calculada mediante los sistemas APACHE II, SAPS II y GCS. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el uso del sistema MPM II son fiables y reproducibles para grupos de pacientes.
Introduction: The vital prognosis at hospital discharge of patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU) because a head injury, has been estimated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The prognosis of those patients admitted to a CCU, has been estimated using the general severity of illness systems, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and Mortality Prediction Model II ( MPM II ).
Hypothesis: 1º.- To demonstrate that system MPM II performs better the hospital mortality than GCS, APACHE II y SAPS II, in those patients admitted to CCU because a head injury.
2º.- To demonstrate that system MPM II is reproducibile, and then, its conclusions trustworthy.
Material and Method: 1º.- 401 patients consecutively admitted to CCU because a head injury, from 137 CCUs in 12 European and North American countries. The GCS score was obtained, and the APACHE II, SAPS II and MPM II0 at admission and MPM II24 at 24 hours, scores too. Logistic regression was used to convert the GCS into a probability of death. Performance of the general severity systems (APACHE II, SAPS II, MPM II) and GCS, in order to predict the hospital mortality was assessed by evaluating calibration and discriminationusing The probabilities of death.
2º.- From 2.332 patients consecutively admitted to 15 CCU in Catalonia and Balearic Islands, a 5% random sample (119 cases) was studied, in order to assess the agreement between two differents observers. One collected the data prospectively, and the other one retrospectively.
Results: 1º.- The MPM II system, both at admission and at 24 hours, calibrate better than GCS, APACHE II and SAPS II. C statistis was 18.4 using GCS, 68.2 using APACHE II and 30.3 using SAPS II. All of them showed statistic differences between predicted mortality and observed results (p<0.05). MPM II0 and MPM II24 showed a lower C statistic ( 11.8 and 10.8 respectively), and did not showed ststistic differences between predicted and observed mortality (p>0.30). The discrimination of all systems was very good, more than 89%.
2º.- The MPM II variables reproducibility, measured using the concordance kappa index, was moderate to high. The global reproducibility, measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient, was higher than 85%. Thus, the mortality predictions using MPM II are trustworthy.
Conclusions: The MPM II performs better the hospital mortality prediction in patients admitted to CCU because a head injury, than those calculated using GCS, APACHE II or SAPS II. The results obtained using MPM II are, in group of patients, trustworthy and reproducibles.
36
Mendonça, Juliana Silva Cunha de. "Um tigre na sala: uma leitura de Os Vestígios do Dia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-26022019-110419/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação busca oferecer uma leitura do romance Os Vestígios do Dia, de Kazuo Ishiguro, partindo do pressuposto de que o entendimento da obra requer um olhar sob quatro ângulos temporais: o presente da narrativa (1956, ano da Crise de Suez); a época em que se localiza cada fato narrado (em geral, o período entreguerras); uma espécie de passado mítico de uma Grande Inglaterra ao qual o narrador se referencia internamente; e o ano da recepção imediata da obra (1989, ano da queda do Muro de Berlim, embora o livro tenha sido publicado meses antes desse acontecimento). Segundo esta leitura, o romance consistiria em uma espécie de obra de fim de século que lançaria um olhar de estranhamento para o século XX a partir da perspectiva de um narrador que se vincula a valores anteriores a isso e de um leitor que avalia tanto esse narrador quanto seus oponentes de 1956 com o privilégio de uma distância temporal que criaria um efeito de ironia dramática.This dissertation seeks to offer an interpretation of Kazuo Ishiguros novel The Remains of The Day based on the assumption that understanding the work requires viewing it from four temporal angles: the narrative present (1956, the year of the Suez Crisis); the time in which each narrated fact is located (the interwar period, in most cases); a sort of mythical past of a Great Britain to which the narrator refers inwardly; and the year of the immediate reception of the work (1989, the year of the fall of the Berlin Wall, though the book is published several months before the USSR falls apart). According to this reading, the novel would consist of a kind of fin-de-siècle work that throws a look of estrangement upon the twentieth century from the perspective of a narrator who is linked to values prior to this time and a reader who looks at both this narrator and his opponents in 1956 with the privilege of a temporal distance that end up creating an effect of dramatic irony.
37
Hausner, Sven H. "Part I: Dibenzotetraaza Crown Ethers. Part II: Synthesis and Characterization of Chlorophenyplumbates." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998489402.
Full text
38
Schultzberg, Martin. "Kartläggning av kroppslängdens och handstorlekens inverkan på latenstiden vid distal motorisk elektroneurografi av n. medianus samt n. ulnaris med registrering över m. lumbricales II samt m. interosseous volaris I." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84616.
Full textAbstract:
Karpaltunnelsyndrom är den mest vanligt förekommande typen av entrapmentneuropati. Symtomet uppstår som följd av att n. medianus komprimeras i karpaltunneln, en trång kanal som löper genom handleden. Kompressionen kan ge symtom i form av domningar, känselbortfall, smärtor och i värre fall muskelatrofier på grund av demyelinisering och axonal degeneration. Elektroneurografi är en metod som används för att underlätta diagnostiseringen av karpaltunnelsyndrom. Vid exempelvis allvarliga fall då standardiserade neurografiundersökningar för n. medianus uppvisar otydliga eller bortfallna svar är det möjligt att utföra en specialiserad undersökning för n. medianus och n. ulnaris med registrering över m. lumbricales II samt m. interosseous volaris I för att öka sensitiviteten i diagnostiseringen. Syftet med denna studie var att bedöma om det föreligger ett signifikant samband mellan kroppslängden, handstorleken och den distala motoriska latenstiden vid distal stimulering över n. medianus och n. ulnaris med registrering över m. lumbricales II respektive m. interosseous volaris I. Till studien rekryterades 31 friska försökspersoner. Varje försöksperson fick innan undersökningstillfället fylla i en samtyckesblankett där personen i fråga gav sitt skriftiga samtycke och besvarade frågor angående hälsorelaterade faktorer som eventuellt kan påverka resultatet från undersökningen. Enkla linjära regressionsanalyser för vänster- respektive höger n. medianus samt för n. ulnaris bilateralt uppvisade positiva signifikanta samband mellan kroppslängden, handstorleken och den distala motoriska latenstiden. Multipla regressionsanalyser uppvisade positiva signifikanta samband när både handstorleken och kroppslängden inkluderades i relation till den distala motoriska latenstiden.Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of entrapment neuropathy. The symptom arises as a result of the n. medianus being compressed in the carpal tunnel, a narrow channel that runs through the wrist. The compression can cause symptoms in the forms of numbness, loss of sensation, pain and in worse cases muscle atrophies due to demyelination and axonal degeneration. Electroneurography is a method used to facilitate the diagnosis of carpaltunnelsyndrome. In severe cases for example, when standardized neurography examinations for n. medianus show unclear or missing answers, it is possible to perform a specialized examination for n. medianus and n. ulnaris with registration over m. lumbricales II and m. interosseous volaris I to increase sensitivity in diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a significant relationship between body length, hand size and distal motor latency in distal stimulation over n. medianus and n. ulnaris with registration of m. lumbricales II and m. interossei volaris I. 31 healthy subjects was recruited for this study. Prior to the study, each test subject was required to fill out a consent form in which the person in question gave his or her written consent while also answering questions about health-related factors that may influence the results of the study. Simple regressionanalyzes for left- and right n. medianus and for n. ulnaris bilaterally showed a positive significant relationship between body length, hand size and distal motor latency. Multiple regressionanalyzes showed a positive significant relationship when both hand size and body length were included in relation to distal motor latency.
39
Salavert, i. Larrosa Ariana. "Estudi en animals transgènics del paper de la sobreexpressió d'IGF-II en cèl·lula ? en el desenvolupament de diabetis mellitus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3569.
Full textAbstract:
La diabetis mellitus tipus 1 i la tipus 2 són malalties metabòliques que afecten col·lectivament a un 10% de la població mundial. En ambdós casos l'alteració metabòlica més important és la hiperglucèmia, resultant de la deficiència absoluta (tipus 1) o bé relativa (tipus 2) d'insulina. Concretament, la diabetis tipus 2 es caracteritza per una resistència a la insulina, per part dels teixits perifèrics, acompanyada d'un defecte en la secreció de la hormona, per part de les cèl·lules ? pancreàtiques. La diabetis oberta, però, només es dóna quan les cèl·lules ? no són capaces de continuar compensant la resistència a la insulina. Així doncs, les alteracions en la funcionalitat de les cèl·lules ? serien un component clau en el desenvolupament de la diabetis tipus 2, i no una simple conseqüència de la patologia. Per tant, l'estudi de les cèl·lules ? en els estadis inicials del procés diabètic, resulta ser d'enorme interès per tal d'investigar els mecanismes i les causes que condueixen a la diabetis oberta, Ratolins transgènics que sobreexpressen el factor de creixement IGF-II específicament a les cèl·lules ? pancreàtiques (RIP/IGF-II) presenten un estat pre-diabètic. En aquest treball es van utilitzar aquests animals com a model per estudiar les cèl·lules ? en les fases inicials del procés diabètic i la possible implicació d'IGF-II en el desenvolupament d'aquesta patologia. Es va observar que les cèl·lules ? d'aquests ratolins transgènics presentaven una disminució en la secreció d'insulina en resposta a glucosa. Aquesta disminució podria venir donada per les alteracions funcionals i estructurals presents en aquests illots. S'observava una disminució en l'expressió de Glut2 i insulina, probablement deguda a una reducció dels factors de transcripció que regulen la seva expressió, com Pdx1 i HNF3?. Els illots dels ratolins transgènics presentaven també hiperexpressió de molècules involucrades en la resposta immunitària, com els MHC de classe I i II, tot i no presentar infiltració limfocitària. Així doncs, l'expressió d'IGF-II en les cèl·lules ? dels ratolins transgènics provocava alteracions funcionals en els illots similars a les descrites en models animals o en pacients diabètics.
L'evolució del procés diabètic és un procés llarg i varia molt entre individus. En l'evolució d'aquest procés hi intervindrien tant les alteracions presents en les cèl·lules ? de cada individu, com la influència de factors externs. En aquest treball es va estudiar si les alteracions descrites en les cèl·lules ? dels ratolins RIP/IGF-II, podrien predisposar-los a desenvolupar diabetis oberta enfront a factor accelerador. Vam determinar la susceptibilitat dels ratolins RIP/IGF-II enfront dos estímuls diferents: a) el tractament amb molt baixes dosis d'estreptozotocina (STZ), i b) un procés autoimmune, que seria un procés més crònic i comú en la patologia diabètica.
Després del tractament amb STZ, es va observar que aquest ratolins transgènics resultaven ser més sensibles a dosis molt baixes, considerades no diabetogèniques pels ratolins control. En segon lloc, per tal d'induir la infiltració limfocitària als ratolins RIP/IGF-II, aquests es creuaren amb ratolins transgènics RIP/hIFN?. L'expressió d'IFN? en cèl·lules ? resulta en una important infiltració dels illots dels ratolins transgènics. D'aquest creuament s'obtingueren ratolins doble transgènics IFN?/IGF-II, un 75% dels quals desenvoluparen diabetis espontània durant els dos primers mesos de vida. Demostrant així que les alteracions pre-diabètiques descrites en les cèl·lules ? dels ratolins IGF-II, incrementaven la susceptibilitat a desenvolupar diabetis oberta en presència d'un factor accelerador.
Els resultats d'aquest treball indiquen que alteracions en la funcionalitat de les cèl·lules ? pancreàtiques serien necessàries per incrementar la susceptibilitat a certs factors ambientals que desencadenen la diabetis mellitus. A més, el nostre estudi suggereix que l'increment d'IGF-II en cèl·lules ? podria ser un factor clau en l'inici del procés diabètic.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases with very different etiology that affect collectively 10% of the world-wide population. In both cases the most important metabolic alteration is hyperglycemia, resulting from the absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) insulin deficiency. In particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by decreased response of the liver and peripheral tissues to insulin (insulin resistance) and by inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response. However, overt diabetes only develops when ?-cells fail to compensate for increased insulin demand. Alterations in the functionality of ?-cells would be a primary defect, and not only a simple consequence, in the diabetic pathology. Therefore, studying ?-cells during the initial stages of the diabetic process would be interesting for finding the mechanisms and causes that lead to overt diabetes.
Transgenic mice overexpressing IGF-II specifically in ?-cells (RIP-I/IGF-II) develop pre-diabetes. We decided to use these animals as a model in which to study ?-cells in the initial stages of the diabetic process. After the analysis of RIP/IGF-II ?-cells, we observed that transgenic mice showed a decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose. This decrease was likely due to functional and structural alterations found in these islets. Reduction in Glut2 and insulin was observed, probably due to a reduction in the transcription factors that regulate their expression, such as Pdx1 and HNF3?. At structural level these islets showed an increase in the expression of important extracellular matrix components, but showed a decrease in molecules implicated in the intracellular adhesion. Transgenic islets also showed hyperexpression of molecules involved in the immune response, such as MHC class I and II, although no lymphocyte infiltration was observed in their islets. These results suggest that expression of IGF-II in ?-cells of these transgenic mice leads to similar changes to the ones described in other type 2 animal models and diabetic patients.
The progression to type 2 diabetes is a long process and varies greatly among individuals. In each individual, alterations present in ?-cells and the influence of external factors would both contribute to the process. In this study, we determined if the alterations described in RIP/IGF-II ?- cells could predispose those animals to develop overt diabetes in the presence of a stimulus that acted as an accelerator factor. We tested the susceptibility of RIP/IGF-II mice to two different stimuli: a) treatment with streptozotocin (STZ), which would stimulate a toxic response specific for ?-cells; and b) an autoimmune process, which would simulate a more chronic effect, more similar to the diabetic pathology.
STZ treatment demonstrates that transgenic mice were more sensitive to very low doses of STZ, considered non-diabetogenic for control mice. On the other hand, in order to induce the lymphocyte infiltration to RIP/IGF-II mice, we crossed them with RIP/hIFN transgenic mice. These later mice show a significant infiltration in their islets, induced by the expression of hIFN in their pancreatic ? cells. From this crossbreeding we obtained IFN?/IGF-II double transgenic mice, 75% of which developed spontaneous diabetes during the first two months of age. These results showed that pre-diabetic alterations described in the RIP/IGF-II ?-cells increased their susceptibility to develop overt diabetes in the presence of an accelerator factor.
All these results indicate that correct functionality of pancreatic ?-cells is crucial for being able to resist the effect of environmental factors that would lead to the diabetic process. Moreover, our study suggests that the increase of IGF-II in ?-cells could be a key factor in the beginning of the diabetic process.
40
Solé, Cabezuelo Brissa. "Alteracions neurocognitives en el trastorn bipolar tipus II: relació amb el funcionament psicosocial i rehabilitació cognitiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380037.
Full textAbstract:
La recerca en els darrers anys ha demostrat que el pacient amb trastorn bipolar (TB) no està lliure d'afectació neurocognitiva i que aquesta pot tenir una repercussió important en el seu funcionament quotidià. Pel que fa al trastorn bipolar tipus II (TB-II), atès que ha patit una manca d'atenció i durant molt de temps ha estat un subtipus infradiagnosticat, els treballs dirigits a aspectes neuropsicològics han estat escassos amb resultats discrepants i no concloents. Per tant, cal dur a terme estudis centrats en aquesta població específica per tal d'establir de manera adequada el seu perfil neurocognitiu donades les implicacions clíniques i terapèutiques que se'n poden derivar.
En aquesta tesi es du a terme una revisió sistemàtica (primer estudi) de la literatura existent per a veure quin és l'estat actual d'aquesta temàtica. A partir d'aquesta s'estableixen les bases per a la recerca posterior, amb l'objectiu de determinar els principals dèficits neurocognitius associats al TB-II avaluant pacients amb criteris rigorosos d'eutímia. Amb el segon estudi es va detectar que els pacients TB-II en remissió presenten un rendiment neurocognitiu inferior als subjectes sans tant en el domini d'atenció com en els de memòria verbal, memòria de treball i funció executiva. En segon lloc s'intentaven identificar possibles predictors del funcionament psicosocial a partir de l'estudi de variables clíniques, sociodemogràfiques i neurocognitives. Es va observar que les disfuncions executives i la presència de simptomatologia subclínica de caire depressiu podrien ser útils com a predictors d'un major deteriorament funcional en aquest grup.
Posteriorment, ens varem proposar estudiar si existeix heterogeneïtat neurocognitiva entre aquesta subpoblació amb un tercer estudi. Es va observar que existeixen diversos subgrups amb perfils neurocognitius diferenciats entre els pacients; pacients amb un rendiment neurocognitiu totalment preservat, pacients amb alteracions moderades-greus en tots els dominis cognitius (amb excepció de la memòria verbal amb dèficit lleu) i pacients amb un rendiment intermedi amb alteracions (leus. Més d'un 50% dels pacients TB-II presentaven dificultats neurocognitives. Cap variable clínica relacionada amb la severitat o cronicitat de la malaltia podia explicar les diferències entre subgrups.
Aquells pacients amb un rendiment neurocognitiu deficitari global presentaven un QI més baix, un pitjor funcionament psicosocial global i majors dificultats per a realitzar i gaudir de les activitats de lleure. En darrer lloc, cal tenir present que és necessari oferir als pacients un tractament integral de la malaltia on es contemplin també les dificultats neurocognitives i de funcionalitat, oferint, per tant, noves estratègies d’intervenció que permetin millorar aquests aspectes. D’aquesta manera, amb el darrer estudi (quart estudi) s’avaluava l’eficàcia d’una nova estratègia d’intervenció neurocognitiva, la rehabilitació funcional, específicament en un grup de pacients TB‐II també eutímics, valorant l’impacte que aquesta intervenció podia exercir sobre el funcionament psicosocial dels pacients. La rehabilitació funcional va mostrar ser efectiva no només millorant el funcionament general sinó també reduint la simptomatologia subclínica depressiva dels pacients TB‐II.Patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) show broad cognitive impairments that persist during euthymia despite remission of mood symptoms. Cognitive deficits in BD are associated with impairments in functional outcome and quality of life. Thus, improving cognitive functioning is an important treatment goal in people with BD. Bipolar II disorder subtype (BD-II) has been underdiagnosed in clinical practice, therefore, many aspects of BD-II are still understudied such as neurocognitive functioning. In the present thesis, a systematic review of literature regarding neurocognition in BD-II was carried out. Then, we assessed a sample of strictly defined BD-II euthymic patients to compare it with a sample of healthy controls (HC) to elucidate the neuropsychological profile of this bipolar subtype. A second objective was to study the relationship between neurocognitive performance and functional outcome. BD-II patients showed a significantly lower performance on several measures of attention, learning and verbal memory, and executive function compared with HC. The presence of subthreshold depressive symptomatology and one measure related to executive function and working memory were the variables that best predicted psychosocial functioning. After that, we attempted to analyse cognitive variability also in a sample of euthymic BD-II patients, using a cluster analysis to provide groups of different neurocognitive patterns. Three clusters were detected: an intact neurocognitive group, an intermediate or selectively impaired and a globally impaired group. Approximately one-half of the patients were cognitively impaired. The 3 clusters statistically differed in the premorbid intelligence quotient, the global functional outcome and leisure activities. The globally impaired cluster showed the lowest attainments concerning these 3 variables, which are considered proxies of cognitive reserve. No differences in other clinical characteristics were found among the groups. Taking all these data into account, it seems necessary to implement therapies focused on enhancing functional outcome in bipolar II disorder patients. Hence, we carried out a subanalysis aimed to assess the efficacy of an intervention called Functional Remediation specifically in a sample of BD-II patients. Our results suggest that the Functional remediation appears to be effective in improving the overall functional outcome in BPII, as well as in reducing subclinical depressive symptoms.
41
Meireles, Regina Maria. "As relações entre as medidas de habilidades sociais do professor do ensino fundamental II e seu desempenho social em sala de aula." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5120.
Full textAbstract:
O conceito atual de um comportamento socialmente habilidoso deve incluir capacidade de o indivíduo obter satisfação pessoal e, ao mesmo tempo, de desenvolver e manter relacionamentos mutuamente benéficos e sustentadores. No âmbito da educação, identifica-se uma crescente preocupação de pais, diretores de escolas e professores com o desenvolvimento interpessoal dos alunos, com o propósito de reduzir conflitos, aumentar a qualidade das relações entre os alunos e facilitar a aprendizagem. Neste sentido, é necessário que o professor se dedique a desenvolver as próprias habilidades interpessoais para que seja capaz de facilitar o desenvolvimento social e intelectual do aluno. Diante dessas constatações, torna-se relevante identificar que habilidades sociais do professor estão mais relacionadas com o seu desempenho social em sala de aula. Tais constatações fundamentaram esse estudo que avaliou os níveis de habilidades sociais de professores, assim como o desempenho social destes em sala de aula. Participaram da pesquisa oito professoras e dois professores do Ensino Fundamental II (do 6 ao 9 Ano), do Instituto Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora, no Rio de Janeiro. Suas idades variavam entre 24 e 50 anos. Participaram também 198 adolescentes, 100 do sexo masculino e 98 do sexo feminino. Suas idades variavam entre 11 e 15 anos. O desempenho social dos professores em sala de aula foi avaliado pelos próprios professores e pelos alunos, através do Questionário do Desempenho Social do Professor (QDSP). Os professores também responderam ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) e ao Inventário de Empatia (IE). Os resultados das medidas de auto-relato apontaram níveis de assertividade e de empatia acima da média na maioria dos professores dessa amostra, especialmente nos fatores relacionados a: auto-afirmação com risco; conversação e desenvoltura social; auto-exposição a desconhecidos e a situações novas; autocontrole da agressividade; tomada de perspectiva; flexibilidade; altruísmo e sensibilidade afetiva. As medidas de desempenho social dos professores foram satisfatórias, tanto a partir da perspectiva do professor quanto dos alunos. Entretanto, a auto-avaliação dos professores mostraram-se mais favoráveis do que a avaliação feita pelos alunos. Além disso, com base na avaliação dos alunos, apenas quatro professores apresentaram desempenho social assertivo e empático de forma equilibrada. Tais resultados indicam a necessidade de se desenvolver programas de treinamento em habilidades sociais educativas.The actual concept of a social skilled behavior should include the ability of the individual to obtain self-satisfaction and, at the same time, to develop and keep mutual beneficial and sustainable relationships. In the educational field, a growing worry of parents, school principals and teachers is identified related to the interpersonal development of their students in order to reduce conflicts, to increase the quality of relationships among students and to help the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary that the teacher dedicates him/herself to develop his/her own interpersonal abilities in order to be able to help the student social and intellectual development as well. According to these findings, it becomes relevant to identify which social skills of the teachers are more related with his/her performance in class. Eight teachers and two elementary (from the 6 to the 9 grade) students from Instituto Nossa Senhora Auxiliadora in Rio took part in this research students. They were between 24 and 50 years old. Other 198 eleven to fifteen-year-old teenagers also participated in it, 100 male students and 98 female ones. The social performance of the teachers was both evaluated by themselves and by their students through the Teachers Social Performance Questionnaire. The teachers also answered the Social Skills Inventory and the Empathy Inventory. The results of self-relate measurement point to levels of assertiveness and of empathy above the average in most teachers of this sample, especially in factors related to: self-affirmation with risk; conversation and social development; self-exposure to unknown people and new situations; self- control of aggressiveness; perspective taking; flexibility; altruism and affective sensitiveness. The measurement of the teachers social performance was satisfactory, not only from the teachers, but also from the students perspective. However, the teachers evaluations results were more favorable than the ones done by the students. Besides that, based in the students evaluation, only four teachers showed both empathic and assertive behavior. These results indicate the need to develop training programs in social educational abilities.
42
Högström, Ulf. "Fredsframtvingande operationer och deras möjligheter till framgång : en studie av manöverkrigföringens principer samt operationerna "Allied Force" (Jugoslavien 1999) och UNOSOM II (Somalia 1993)." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1852.
Full textAbstract:
Uppsatsen avhandlar fredsframtvingande operationer och deras möjligheter till framgång.Internationella operationer är en av Försvarsmaktens huvuduppgifter och i samband med detta ärfredsframtvingande operationer en typ av operationer som svenska förband kan få delta i. Genomstudier av manöverkrigföringens principer och två begränsade fallstudier tas ett antal faktorer förframgång fram som sedan jämförs och diskuteras. Uppsatsen svarar även på ommanöverkrigföringens principer kan tillämpas vid fredsframtvingande operationer. Resultatet avuppsatsen är att faktorerna lämplig sammansättning av styrkorna, anpassad politisk styrning ochförmåga till att minska egna och civilas förluster är faktorer som har betydelse för framgång påden operativa nivån. Jag har också sett att de faktorer som man kan hämta urmanöverkrigföringen principer är betydelsefulla för möjligheterna till framgång. Det som dockhämmar möjligheterna att fullt ut använda dessa delar ur manövertänkandet är denmultinationella faktorn eller brist på interoperabilitet mellan de deltagande nationerna.This thesis deals with Peace enforcement operations and their possibilities tosucceed. Participation in international operations is one of the main tasks forthe Swedish national defence forces. An analysis of the principles ofmanoeuvre warfare and of two limited case studies will result in a number offactors for success in peace enforcement operations. These factors will then becompared and discussed. This thesis will also answer whether it is possible touse the principles of manoeuvre warfare in peace enforcement operations. Theresult of the thesis is that force composition, adapted political control; forceprotection and limited collateral damage are factors that are essential for thepossibilities to succeed with peace enforcement operations. The principles ofmanoeuvre warfare are also important for the possibility to succeed with peaceenforcement. But the multinational factor or the lack of interoperability limitsthe possibilities to use the principles of manoeuvre warfare.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 00-02
43
Querol, Niñerola Rosa. "Estudi del paper pronòstic del "Missmatch Repair System" i altres factors clinicopatològics en el càncer de còlon estadi II." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670743.
Full textAbstract:
ANTECEDENTS
El benefici del tractament amb quimioteràpia adjuvant en el càncer de còlon estadi II és controvertit. Les guies clíniques recomanen el tractament adjuvant en càncer de còlon estadi II si presenten algun factor de mal pronòstic: T4, alt grau histològic, debut amb perforació o oclusió intestinal, invasió vascular, angiolimfàtica o perineural, marges positius o limfadenectomia amb < 12 ganglis.
Els tumors que presenten deficiència en les proteïnes dels gens reparadors de l’ADN (dMMR) o inestabilitat de microsatèl·lits (MSI) sembla que presenten un millor pronòstic i no es beneficien de la quimioteràpia basada en 5-FU en monoteràpia
L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és determinar el valor pronòstic del “Missmatch Repair System” i de la resta de factors clinicopatològics i avaluar l’efecte de la quimioteràpia en els pacients amb càncer de còlon estadi II d’alt risc.
METODOLOGIA
S’ha realitzat un estudi retrospectiu amb 252 pacients intervinguts de càncer de còlon estadi II a l’Hospital de Mataró des del 2002 fins el 2015.
S’ha fet una determinació prospectiva de les proteïnes dels gens reparadors de l’ADN per determinar l’estat del MMR system en tots els pacients classificats com estadi II d’alt risc ( n= 162) amb anticossos comercialitzats contra les proteïnes MLH1, MSH2 i MSH6. La falta d’expressió d’una o més d’aquestes proteïnes és diagnòstica de dMMR o MSI.
Hem analitzat l’impacte en supervivència global (SG), supervivència càncer especígica (SCE) i supervivència lliure de recaiguda (SLR) dels factors pronòstics clinicopatològics i del MMR system i hem analitzat el benefici de la quimioteràpia adjuvant mitjançant anàlisis de supervivència i regressió de Cox.
RESULTATS
La SG a 5 anys de l’ estadi II de càncer de còlon de baix risc (sense factors de mal pronòstic) (n=90) ha estat del 92% mentre que la SG de l’estadi II de càncer de còlon d’alt risc ha estat del 78%, p =0.016
En el càncer de còlon estadi II d’alt risc els tumors dMMR ( n=21) presenten un millor pronòstic al límit de la significació estadística en l’anàlisi multivariant pel què fa a supervivència lliure de recaiguda respecte als pMMR (n= 141) HR 0,145,
p=0,059.
No hem demostrat benefici de la quimioteràpia adjuvant en l’estadi II d’alt risc en SG HR 0.650, p 0.286 , ni SCE HR 0.617, p0.279, ni SLR HR 0.693, p 0.399.
Els pacients d’alt risc pMMR són el grup amb major benefici de quimioteràpia adjuvant en supervivència lliure de recaiguda p=0.052.
Els factors de mal pronòstic més robustos en l’anàlisi multivariant en SG han estat l’edat p< 0.0001, el debut amb oclusió intestinal p 0.047, CEA preoperatori >5 p 0.033 i limfadenectomia < 12 ganglis p =0.009. En SCE han estat l’edat p 0.009, T4 p 0.022 i CEA preoperatori >5 p 0.012. En la SLR han estat l’edat p 0.02; T4 p 0.01, debut amb oclusió intestinal p 0,003 i el CEA preoperatori >5 p 0,001
CONCLUSIONS
Els pacients amb càncer de còlon estadi II d’alt risc dMMR presenten més bon pronòstic principalment en SLR respecte dels pacients amb estadi II d’alt risc i pMMR.
Els factors associats a un mal pronòstic en l’estadi II de càncer de còlon ressecat són: l’edat, el T4, el debut amb oclusió intestinal, uns nivells de CEA preoperatori >5 i menys de 12 ganglis a la limfadenectomia.
No evidenciem benefici del tractament amb quimioteràpia en els pacients amb càncer de còlon estadi II d’alt risc. No obstant, el subgrup de pacients amb càncer de còlon estadi II d’alt risc i pMMR és el que es beneficia més del tractament amb quimioteràpia adjuvant en SLR.ANTECEDENTES El beneficio del tratamiento con quimioterapia adyuvante en el cáncer de colon estadio II es controvertido. Las guías clínicas recomiendan el tratamiento adyuvante en cáncer de colon estadio II si presentan algún factor de mal pronóstico: T4, alto grado histológico, debut con perforación o oclusión intestinal, invasión vascular, angiolinfática o perineural, márgenes positivos o linfadenectomía con <12 ganglios. Los tumores que presentan deficiencia en las proteínas de los genes reparadores del ADN (dMMR) o inestabilidad de microsatélites (MSI) parece que presentan un mejor pronóstico y no se benefician de la quimioterapia basada en 5-FU en monoterapia. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el valor pronóstico del "Missmatch Repair System" y del resto de factores clinicopatológicos y evaluar el efecto de la quimioterapia en los pacientes con cáncer de colon estadio II de alto riesgo. METODOLOGÍA Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo con 252 pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de colon estadio II en el Hospital de Mataró desde 2002 hasta 2015. Se han determinado de forma prospectiva las proteínas de los genes reparadores del ADN para determinar el estado del MMR system en todos los pacientes clasificados como estadio II de alto riesgo (n = 162) con anticuerpos comercializados contra las proteínas MLH1, MSH2 y MSH6. La falta de expresión de una o más de estas proteínas es diagnóstica de dMMR o MSI. Hemos analizado el impacto en supervivencia global (SG), supervivencia cáncer específica (SCE) y supervivencia libre de recaída (SLR) de los factores pronósticos clinicopatológicos y del MMR system y hemos analizado el beneficio de la quimioterapia adyuvante mediante análisis de supervivencia y regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS La SG a 5 años del estadio II de cáncer de colon de bajo riesgo (sin factores de mal pronóstico) (n = 90) fue del 92% mientras que la SG del estadio II de cáncer de colon de alto riesgo fue del 78%, p = 0.016 En el cáncer de colon estadio II de alto riesgo los tumores dMMR (n = 21) presentan un mejor pronóstico en el límite de la significación estadística en el análisis multivariante en cuanto a supervivencia libre de recaída respecto a pMMR (n = 141) HR 0,145, p = 0,059. No hemos demostrado beneficio de la quimioterapia adyuvante en el estadio II de alto riesgo en SG HR 0.650, p 0286, ni SCE HR 0.617, p0.279, ni SLR HR 0.693, p 0399. Los pacientes de alto riesgo pMMR son el grupo con mayor beneficio de quimioterapia adyuvante en supervivencia libre de recaída p = 0.052. Los factores de mal pronóstico más robustos en el análisis multivariante en SG han sido la edad p <0.0001, el debut con oclusión intestinal p 0.047, CEA preoperatorio> 5 p 0.033 y linfadenectomía <12 ganglios p = 0.009. En SCE han sido la edad p 0.009, T4 p 0.022 y CEA preoperatorio >5 0.012. En la SLR han sido la edad p 0.02; T4 p 0.01, debut con oclusión intestinal p 0.003 y el CEA preoperatorio> 5 p 0.001 CONCLUSIONES Los pacientes con cáncer de colon estadio II de alto riesgo dMMR presentan mejor pronóstico principalmente en SLR en comparación con los pacientes con estadio II de alto riesgo pMMR. Los factores asociados a un mal pronóstico en el estadio II de cáncer de colon resecado son: la edad, el T4, debut con oclusión intestinal, niveles de CEA preoperatorio> 5 y <12 ganglios en la linfadenectomía. No evidenciamos beneficio del tratamiento con quimioterapia en los pacientes con cáncer de colon estadio II de alto riesgo. No obstante, el subgrupo de pacientes con cáncer de colon estadio II de alto riesgo y pMMR son los que se benefician más del tratamiento con quimioterapia adyuvante en SLR.
BACKGROUND Adjuvant 5 fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is controversial in stage II colon cancer. Guidelines recommended adjuvant chemotherapy in high risk stage II disease with poor prognostic features: T4, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, bowel obstruction, perforation, positive margins or < 12 lymph nodes. Tumors with deficient Missmatch Repair System (dMMR) or Microsatellite instability (MSI) appear to have a better prognosis and do not benefit from 5-FU based chemotherapy in monotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic value of the MMR system and other clinicopathological factors and to assess the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer. METHOD We retrospectively analysed data from 252 patients with stage II colon cancer operated on Mataró Hospital from 2002 to 2015. We registered all prognosis factors. Moreover, we analysed MMR status of all patients classified as high risk stage II colon cancer (n = 162). We determined MMR status by immunohistochemical analysis of MMR proteins. We used commercial antibodies against MLH1, MSH 2 and MSH6. Lack of expression of one or more of these proteins is diagnostic of deficient MMR (dMMR). MSI is the molecular fingerprint of a dMMR system. We analysed the impact on overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and relapse free survival (RFS) of each clinicopathological factor including MMR status and we also analysed the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy by survival analysis and Cox regression. RESULTS In stage II low-risk colon cancer (without risk factors) (n = 90) 5 years OS was 92 % whereas in stage II high-risk colon cancer (with at least one risk factor) OS was 78%, HR 1.95; IC 95% 1.1 " 3.4; p =0.016. In stage II high-risk colon cancer, dMMR tumors (n=21) have a better RFS than pMMR tumors (n=141) in the multivariate analyses HR 0.145, p = 0.059. In our series adjuvant chemotherapy has no protective effect in high risk stage II colon cancer. Stage II high risk pMMR patients are the group with the highest benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in RFS p 0.052. In multivariate analyses age p < 0.0001; intestinal occlusion p 0.047, CEA pre surgery>5 p 0.033 and < 12 lymph nodes p 0.009 are significantly and independently associated with poorer OS. Age p 0.009; T4 p 0.022 and CEA pre surgery > 5 p 0.012 are associated with poorer SCC. Age p 0.02; T4 p 0.01, intestinal occlusion p 0.003 and CEA pre surgery >5 HR p 0.001 are associated with poorer RFS. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk stage II colon cancer dMMR has a better prognosis than pMMR with better RFS. Factors associated with poor prognosis in stage II colon cancer are age, T4, debut with intestinal occlusion, CEA pre surgery >5 and inadequately sampled nodes (< 12 lymph nodes). There is no evidence of benefit from chemotherapy treatment in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer. However the subgroup of high-risk stage II pMMR colon cancer patients appear to be the ones who would benefit most from adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of RFS.
44
Nascimento, Luana Monteiro do. "Práticas de utilização de dicionários por professores de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental II." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22100.
Full textAbstract:
NASCIMENTO, Luana Monteiro do. Práticas de utilização de dicionários por professores de Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Fundamental II. 2016. 197f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-14T13:53:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lmnascimento.pdf: 15978913 bytes, checksum: 4a13df77df4b8cbdb9436a9af8c37c08 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-03T13:35:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lmnascimento.pdf: 15978913 bytes, checksum: 4a13df77df4b8cbdb9436a9af8c37c08 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-03T13:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lmnascimento.pdf: 15978913 bytes, checksum: 4a13df77df4b8cbdb9436a9af8c37c08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Brazil is a country whose population still presents literacy difficulties, for this reason, the school dictionary, as a didactic resource, can contribute to promote reading and, consequently, writing, since its use in the classroom enables to insert students in a universe of information. Therefore, generally speaking, this study aimed to verify the use of dictionaries as a didactic resource, as a means to enhance reading, writing and expand vocabulary skills of students. Specifically, this study sought to identify the use or not of this didactic resource through a questionnaire, inventory model (self-assessment); compare the study variables, questionnaire items, with the teachers’ profile; analyze the association between the study variables; and present activity models involving dictionaries. In order to support the proposed discussions, the ideas of Krieger (2006), Bagno and Rangel (2006), Rangel (2011), and Bridges (2009, 2014) were considered. This was a descriptive quantitative study using a form previously designed for the research, containing variables related to the profile of the respondents and self-assessment scale-type questions, with 39 items, and a Likert-type response format, with four possible answers: Almost never (1); Sometimes (2); Often (3); Almost Always (4), which was electronically available via Google Drive. Regarding the profile of the participants, the majority were female (85.1%), aged 25-40 years, graduated from a federal public university, in which specialization was the predominant degree (70.1%), mainly in the field of Applied Linguistics (91.0%). The other items of the questionnaire were categorized in: Dictionary and classroom practice, which verified that the participants sometimes (40.3%) guided the students to use the printed dictionary; Dictionary and pedagogical planning, which found that participating teachers sometimes selected dictionaries for classroom practice (44.8%); Teachers’ perception about the use of the resource in study, demonstrating that the majority was sometimes favorable to its use (52.2%), perceived the dictionary as technology (32.8%) and almost always identified its importance in school practice (53.7%), as well as the relevance of attending the Lexicography course during graduation (52.2%); in the last item, Teachers’ knowledge about this use, most pointed out that sometimes needed to work with the dictionary in the classroom (40.3%). Additionally, a strong association was found between the use of printed dictionary, teaching time in the classroom, and field of activity; and between the use of dictionary and teacher’s knowledge. It was concluded that the teachers participating in the research sometimes used the dictionary as a didactic resource. Nevertheless, they were favorable to this practice and recognized it as a technology and/or didactic resource. Therefore, it is suggested the promotion of greater incentives, such as training courses for teachers of Elementary Education II and teaching materials for this purpose, in order to stimulate the practice of using dictionaries in Portuguese classes, especially in Elementary Education II.
O Brasil é um país cuja população ainda apresenta dificuldades na alfabetização e no letramento, deste modo, o dicionário escolar, como recurso didático, pode contribuir para promoção da leitura e, consequentemente, da escrita, uma vez que seu uso em sala de aula possibilita inserir o aluno em um universo de informações. Logo, o estudo objetivou, em linhas gerais, verificar o uso ou não de dicionários como recurso didático, como meio de potencializar habilidades de leitura, escrita e ampliação do domínio vocabular de alunos. De modo específico, intentou-se identificar a utilização ou não deste recurso didático, por meio de questionário, modelo inventário (autoavaliação); comparar as variáveis do estudo, itens do questionário, com o perfil dos professores; analisar a associação entre as variáveis do estudo; e apresentar atividades que envolvam dicionários. Para embasar as discussões propostas, consideraram-se as ideias de Krieger (2006), Bagno e Rangel (2006), Rangel (2011) e Pontes (2009; 2014). Trata-se de estudo descritivo e quanti-qualitativo, em que se utilizou um formulário previamente elaborado para a pesquisa, contendo variáveis relacionadas ao perfil dos pesquisados e questões de autoavaliação, do tipo escala, com 39 itens, com formato de resposta do tipo Likert, com quatro possibilidades de respostas: Quase nunca (1); Às vezes (2); Frequentemente (3); Quase Sempre (4), o qual foi disponibilizado em meio eletrônico, através do Google Drive. Acerca do perfil dos participantes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (85,1%), com idades entre 25 e 40 anos, com formação em universidade pública federal, sendo a especialização a titulação predominante (70,1%), atuantes principalmente na área de Linguística Aplicada (91,0%). Os demais itens do questionário foram categorizados em: O dicionário e a prática em sala de aula, em que se constatou que os participantes às vezes (40,3%) orientavam os alunos para o manejo do dicionário impresso; O dicionário e o planejamento pedagógico, em que se encontrou que os professores participantes, às vezes, selecionavam dicionários para a prática em sala de aula (44,8%); Percepções dos professores sobre a utilização do recurso em questão, obtendo que a maioria era às vezes favorável ao uso (52,2%), percebia o dicionário como tecnologia (32,8%) e quase sempre sua importância na prática escolar (53,7%), bem como a relevância de cursar a disciplina de Lexicografia durante a graduação (52,2%); no último item, Conhecimentos dos professores sobre esse uso, a maioria assinalou que às vezes necessitava trabalhar com o dicionário em sala de aula (40,3%). Ademais, constatou-se associação forte entre uso do dicionário impresso, tempo de docência em sala de aula e área de atuação; e uso do dicionário e conhecimento do professor. Concluiu-se que os professores participantes da pesquisa às vezes utilizavam o dicionário como recurso didático, no entanto eram favoráveis a essa prática e o reconheciam como tecnologia e/ou recurso didático. Logo, sugere-se que maiores incentivos sejam promovidos, como cursos de formação destinados a professores do ensino fundamental II e materiais didáticos para este fim, de modo a estimular a prática voltada para utilização de dicionários em aulas de Língua Portuguesa, notadamente no Ensino Fundamental II.
45
Farré, i. Font Roser. "Diferències pronòstiques en les pancreatitis agudes greus d’origen biliar i enòlic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96380.
Full textAbstract:
Introducció: Les Pancreatitis Agudes (PA) es diagnostiquen amb dos dels tres criteris d’Atlanta: dolor abdominal, elevació d’amilases tres vegades per sobre del valor alt de la normalitat i TAC diagnòstic de PA. L’etiologia més prevalent en el nostre medi és la biliar (40-60%) seguit de l’alcohòlica (10-25%). Un 80% dels casos tenen un curs lleu amb reintroducció de la dieta i alta precoç mentre que un 20% són greus i requereixen tractament intensiu multidisciplinar.
En el grup de PAG (pancreatitis agudes greus) diferenciem pancreatitis amb mortalitat precoç associada a fracàs multiorgànic i pancreatitis amb mortalitat tardana relacionada amb la infecció de la necrosi.
Des de fa dècades, diferents autors intenten trobar factors pronòstics clínics, analítics o radiològics que siguin capaços de predir l’evolució d’una PAG a fi de poder oferir en aquests malalts un millor tractament de suport a la UCI i millorar la supervivencia i la mortalitat.
Objectius: Analitzar els diferents factors pronòstics, entre les PA d’origen biliar i enòlic, recollits a l’inici dels símptomes de la PA per observar si són bons predictors precoços de mal pronòstic. Analitzar si el TAC inicial és un bon predictor pronòstic.
Material i mètodes: pacients ingressats a la UCI en un període de 23 anys amb criteris d’inclusió ben establerts, entre ells un TAC inicial grau D o E amb o sense necrosi que serà el factor pronòstic a estudiar en relació als altres factors. Altres factors inicials estudiats són l’APACHE II, el Ranson, l’Imrie, la PCR, i en alguns casos el C3 i el C4.
Resultats: L’anàlisi estadístic ha mostrat que només l’APACHE II és un bon factor predictiu de mortalitat. La PCR recollida a l’inici dels símptomes no és predictiva de gravetat ni de mortalitat probablement perquè el seu valor màxim és a les 48 hores. L’índex de TAC, que nosaltres utilitzem com a criteri d’inclusió, hem demostrat que és un bon factor pronòstic i hem diferenciat dos grups: un amb IT < 7 i l’altre amb IT ≥ 7. Podem assegurar que pacients amb una PA biliar amb IT < 7 tenen més complicacions i més mortalitat que pacients amb PA alcohólica amb el mateix índex de TAC. En canvi, amb un IT ≥ 7 les complicacions i la mortalitat són iguals per les dues etiologies, inclús major formació d’abscessos pancreàtics en les PA alcohòliques. Hem demostrat que l’etiologia de la PA és un factor pronòstic important de manera que una PA biliar té una probabilitat de mort 4 vegades més alta que en una PA alcohòlica. En l’evolució de les PAG, els criteris pronòstics són sempre més elevats en les PA biliars.
Conclusions: Les PA biliars són més greus amb paràmetres inflamatoris més elevats i major mortalitat. En relació a l’IT concluim que és un bon factor pronòstic: amb un IT < 7 el curs evolutiu i la mortalitat són majors en les PA biliars però amb un IT ≥ 7 les PA alcohòliques es compliquen i es moren igual que les PA biliars. Per tant, PA amb més del 30% de necrosi es compliquen i es moren igual independentment de l’etiologia.Introduccion: The acute pancreatitis (AP) is diagnosted by two of the three criteria of Atlanta: abdominal pain, amylases three times above the high value of normal and CT diagnosis of AP. The most prevalent aetiology in our environment is the biliary one (40-60%) followed of the alcoholic one (10-25%). 80% of cases have a mild course with the reintroduction diet and early outcome while 20% are serious cases and require intensive multidisciplinary treatment. In the group of severe AP we difference pancreatitis with early mortality with multiorgan failure and pancreatitis with late mortality associated with late infection of the necrosis. For decades, many authors attempt to find prognostic factors for clinical, analytical or radiological capable of predicting the evolution of severe acute pancreatitis in order to provide better treatment for these patients in the ICU support and improve the survival and mortality. Objectives: Analizes different prognostic factors between biliary and alcoholic AP listed in the onset of the AP to observed if they are good early predictors of poor prognosis. Examine whether the initial CT scan is a good predictor of prognosis. Methods: Patients admitted to the ICU over a period of 23 years with well-established inclusion criteria, including an initial CT grade D or E with or without necrosis, factor will be studied in relation to the other factors. Other factors considered are the initial APACHE II, Ranson, Imrie, CRP and in some cases the C3 and the C4. Results: Stadistical analysis showed that only the APACHE II is a good predictor of mortality. The CRP collected at the onset of symptoms is not predictive of severity probably because its value is maximum at 48 hours. The index of TAC, which we use as inclusion criteria, is a good prognostic factor and we have two distinct groups: one with IT < 7 and other ≥ 7 in which we can ensure that patients with biliary AP with IT < 7 have more complications and mortality than patients with alcoholic AP with the same IT. However, with a IT ≥ 7 complications and mortality are the same for both aetiologies, pancreatic abscess formation even greater in the AP alcoholic. We have shown that the aetiology of AP is an important prognostic factor so that biliary AP has a probability of death 4 times higher than in alcoholic. In the evolution of the severe AP the prognostic criteria are always higher in biliary AP. Conclusions: Biliary AP are more severe with higher inflammatory parameters and higher mortality. In relation to IT, we conclude that it’s a good prognostic factor; with IT < 7 the evolution and mortality are higher in the biliary AP but in IT ≥ 7 alcoholic AP complicated and die like biliary AP. Therefore, AP with over 30% of necrosis are complicated and die equal regardless of aetiology.
46
Pinter, Piermaria, Andrea Biffis, Cristina Tubaro, Mario Tenne, Maria Kaliner, and Thomas Strassner. "Palladium(II) complexes with electron-poor, 4,5-disubstituted diimidazol-2-ylidene ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36120.
Full textAbstract:
Diimidazolium salts featuring different bridges between the imidazolium groups, as well as electron-withdrawing groups (chloride, cyanide) at the 4- and 5-position of the heterocyclic rings, have been successfully prepared. The diimidazolium salts serve as convenient precursors of di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands, which coordinate in a chelating fashion to palladium(II) centres. The effect of the newly introduced electron-withdrawing groups on the spectroscopic and structural characteristics of the resulting complexes as well as on their reactivity as catalysts in a model alkyne hydroarylation reaction has been investigated and is discussed herein.
47
Gorina, Cañaveras Marta. "Educación para la salud desde atención primaria a personas con pluripatología crónica: diabetes mellitus II, hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia simultáneamente." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670123.
Full textAbstract:
La present recerca s’estructura en tres estudis que tenen per objectius: avaluar l’eficàcia dels programes de salut dirigits a persones amb diagnòstic de diabetis mellitus tipus II, hipertensió arterial i hipercolesterolèmia implementats fins al moment (estudi 1); analitzar els factors determinants de la conducta d’autocura en persones diagnosticades dels tres problemes de salut objecte d’estudi (estudi 2); i dissenyar un programa d’educació per a la salut dirigit a persones diagnosticades simultàniament de diabetis mellitus tipus II, hipertensió arterial i hipercolesterolèmia que els capaciti en l’autocura per a millorar el control metabòlic d’aquests problemes de salut (estudi 3).
En relació amb l’estructura del document, en primer lloc es revisen els antecedents i l’estat actual del tema i es presenta l’objectiu general i els objectius específics de la tesi. A continuació, es desenvolupa la metodologia seguida per a la realització dels dos primers estudis, es presenten els principals resultats per a cadascun dels mateixos i, es discuteixen els resultats de tots dos estudis conjuntament. Finalment, es presenten les principals característiques del programa d’educació per a la salut “Objectiu Autocura”, desenvolupat sobre la base dels resultats obtinguts en els dos primers estudis, així com els reajustaments d’aquest després de la realització de la prova pilot. Tots dos documents complets es troben en la secció d’annexos. En la part final de la tesi es presenten les principals conclusions i es proposen les futures línies de recerca a seguir.La presente investigación se estructura en tres estudios que tienen por objetivos: evaluar la eficacia de los programas de salud dirigidos a personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo II, hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia implementados hasta el momento (estudio 1); analizar los factores determinantes de la conducta de autocuidado en personas diagnosticadas de los tres problemas de salud objeto de estudio (estudio 2); y diseñar un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a personas diagnosticadas simultáneamente de diabetes mellitus tipo II, hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia que los capacite en el autocuidado para mejorar el control metabólico de dichos problemas de salud (estudio 3). En relación con la estructura del documento, en primero lugar se revisan los antecedentes y el estado actual del tema y se presenta el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos de la tesis. A continuación, se desarrolla la metodología seguida para la realización de los dos primeros estudios, se presentan los principales resultados para cada uno de los mismos y, se discuten los resultados de ambos estudios conjuntamente. Finalmente, se presentan las principales características del programa de educación para la salud “Objetivo Autocuidado”, desarrollado en base a los resultados obtenidos en los dos primeros estudios, así como los reajustes de este tras la realización de la prueba piloto del mismo. Ambos documentos completos se encuentran en la sección de anexos. En la parte final de la tesis se presentan las principales conclusiones y se proponen las futuras líneas de investigación a seguir.
The present research revolves around three main studies which aim to: (i) assess the efficacy of the so far implemented health programmes addressed to people diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (study 1); (ii) analyse the determining factors of health behaviour in people diagnosed with the three health problems under study (study 2); and (iii) design an educational health program aimed at people diagnosed simultaneously with type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, training them to take self-care in order to improve metabolic control of the abovementioned health problems (study 3). Regarding the structure of the present study, firstly a review of the background and the current state of the subject is carried out, together with the presentation of the general and specific objectives of the thesis. Secondly, the methodology used throughout the first and second study is developed, the main results for each of them are presented separately and are afterwards discussed together. Finally, the main characteristics of the health care education program “Self-care Objective” are presented. It is worth noting that the development of the program is based on the results obtained in the first two studies, as well as the readjustments of the same after the implementation of the pilot test, both documents attached in the annex section. Last but not least important, in the final part of the thesis the main conclusions are presented and future lines of research are proposed.
48
Kozak, Jennifer Aiden. "Cycloisomerization reactions of enamides and related compounds using platinum(II), gold(I), and silver(I) salts to form complex ring systems : the total synthesis of (+)-fawcettidine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28197.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents investigations of enamides as π-nucleophiles within the context of electrophilic platinum(II) and gold(I) salt catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions.
Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of electrophilic metal salt catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions with a primary focus on platinum, gold, and silver salts.
Chapter 2 describes the first total synthesis of Lycopodium alkaloid (+)-fawcettidine (2.5), completed in sixteen synthetic operations from (R)-(+)-pulegone (2.56). The feature reaction in the sequence was a platinum(II)-catalyzed annulation of highly functionalized bicyclic enamide 2.124 to give tricycle 2.125. This annulation reaction installed the quaternary stereocenter, placed the double bond of the enamine in the correct position, and formed an exocyclic alkene which was amenable to further manipulation. A thiolate anion addition to an enone and a Ramberg-Backlund reaction were other noteworthy steps for the completion of the synthesis of (+)-fawcettidine.
Chapter 3 describes the platinum(II)- and gold(I)-catalyzed cyclorearrangement of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives containing an aromatic substituted alkyne moiety tethered at the 3-position of the ring. The reactions proceeded by a tandem cycloisomerization/Friedel-Crafts addition process resulting from an initial 6-endo-dig cyclization, forming nitrogen-containing tetracyclic scaffolds featuring a quaternary carbon center. The 5-exo-dig mode of cyclization was observed to be a minor pathway. Platinum(II)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions formed the products in 51-98% yield. Gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions were lower yielding. An unexpected azocine derivative was observed when an enamide substrate was treated with 20 mol% of silverhexafluoroantimonate(V).
Chapter 4 describes the platinum(II)- and gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization/Friedel-Crafts tandem process of acyclic enamine derivatives featuring 1-arylalkynes. Four tricyclic products were observed: two products were formed by initial 6-endo-dig (major pathway) or 5-exo-dig (minor pathway) cyclization. The alkene of the 6-endo product frequently isomerized under the reaction conditions to form a 1-aza-substituted indene derivative, and the 5-exo product often eliminated to form substituted naphthalene derivatives. Catalysis with a platinum(II) salt, a gold(I) species derived from the mixture of triphenylphosphine gold(I) chloride and silver hexafluoroantimonate(V), or [(2-biphenyl-bis-tbutylphosphine)Au(I)・NCCH₃]⁺SbF₆⁺⁻(1.70) gave mixtures of products in 21-100% yield. Gold(I) catalyst 1.70 was the most effective of the catalysts tested.
49
Florentino, Raiane [UNESP]. "O uso de jogos didáticos em sala de aula: reflexões sobre a mediação do ensino da cartografia temática na disciplina de geografia no ensino fundamental II." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144613.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Raiane Florentino null (raianeflorentino@gmail.com) on 2016-11-08T16:17:30Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO - RAIANE FLORENTINO.pdf: 9976449 bytes, checksum: 562099c112c05c5d0f76fee8ba5fec48 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO null (luizaromanetto@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-10T18:34:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 florentino_r_me_rcla.pdf: 9961198 bytes, checksum: 02f2d9c25545e7c3fac3f9e42a7816d8 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:34:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 florentino_r_me_rcla.pdf: 9961198 bytes, checksum: 02f2d9c25545e7c3fac3f9e42a7816d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões sobre o uso do jogo lúdico no ensino da Cartografia Temática, da disciplina de Geografia no ensino fundamental II, explorando suas possibilidades enquanto recurso didático no ambiente escolar. Pode-se dizer que três razões influenciaram este estudo. A primeira relaciona-se ao fato de que, atualmente, o aluno está exigindo cada vez mais novos desafios que estimulem seu raciocínio. A segunda é que o uso desse material paradidático pode potencializar o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades no estudante, por meio do esforço natural da curiosidade de vencer os desafios científicos impostos pelos jogos. E a terceira razão é que, quando pautado em um objetivo, seu uso pode ter vários aspectos positivos, deixando de ser apenas um entretenimento, tornando-se mais um elemento gerador de conhecimento. Esse tipo de material é muito utilizado na educação formal e na educação não formal, a fim de estimular o aprendizado em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Todavia, nas aulas de Geografia, seu uso ainda é muito incipiente, ou mesmo inexistente. Apropriando-se do método “Estudo de Caso”, baseado na obra de Yin (2001), estruturou-se o trabalho e escolheram-se o objetivo e o objeto de estudo, para, então, realizar a coleta de dados. Por meio de entrevistas e questionários, visou-se à obtenção de subsídios para a elaboração dos jogos protótipos, que foram, posteriormente, aplicados nas escolas públicas dos municípios de Rio Claro/SP e São José dos Campos/SP. Diante das contribuições do educador e dos estudantes com opiniões e sugestões, foi possível adequar as propostas dos jogos e suas sequências didáticas. Os jogos abrangem cinco quebra-cabeças, um jogo da memória, um jogo dominó e um jogo de tabuleiro, todos com o objetivo de trazer a importância do uso dos mapas temáticos no ensino de Geografia. Como resultado final, tem-se que os jogos são eficazes para realizar análises mais profundas sobre as peculiaridades da Cartografia, reforçando, principalmente, os mapas temáticos. Assim, os educadores, que já possuíam um conhecimento prévio do assunto, relembraram conceitos, e os escolares, tanto fixaram o tema estudado, como também aprenderam novos conteúdos.
This paper presents the results obtained during development of the dissertation on the use of play materials as a mediator instrument Geography teaching in the classroom. Thus, through the proposal of Cartographic Games on Thematic Maps; explains its possibilities as a teaching resource for the teaching-learning process in the school environment. It can be said that three reasons have influenced this study. The first relates to the fact that, currently, the student is increasingly demanding teacher new challenges that stimulate the intellect. The second is that the use of teaching materials can enhance the development of skills and abilities in the student, the natural curiosity of the effort to overcome the scientific challenges posed by games. And the third is that when guided by an objective, its use may have several positive points, no longer just an entertainment for school, becoming an element that generates knowledge. On the other hand, this type of material is widely used in formal and non-formal education to stimulate learning in different areas of knowledge. However, in Geography lessons its use is still very incipient or non-existent. Through the method of the Case Study by Yin (2001), structured to work and picked up the object and the object of study, using interviews and questionnaires given to teachers of public schools. It was then possible to elect the main issues to be developed in prototype games that were applied in public schools in the city of Rio Claro/SP and São José dos Campos/SP. Proposals for cartographic games are measured, so far, in five puzzles, a memory game, a domino game and a board game, all with the purpose of bringing the importance of the use of thematic maps in teaching Geography.
50
Florentino, Raiane. "O uso de jogos didáticos em sala de aula : reflexões sobre a mediação do ensino da cartografia temática na disciplina de geografia no ensino fundamental II /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144613.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Andréa Aparecida ZachariasBanca: Marcello Martinelli
Banca: Andréia Medinilha Pancher
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões sobre o uso do jogo lúdico no ensino da Cartografia Temática, da disciplina de Geografia no ensino fundamental II, explorando suas possibilidades enquanto recurso didático no ambiente escolar. Pode-se dizer que três razões influenciaram este estudo. A primeira relaciona-se ao fato de que, atualmente, o aluno está exigindo cada vez mais novos desafios que estimulem seu raciocínio. A segunda é que o uso desse material paradidático pode potencializar o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades no estudante, por meio do esforço natural da curiosidade de vencer os desafios científicos impostos pelos jogos. E a terceira razão é que, quando pautado em um objetivo, seu uso pode ter vários aspectos positivos, deixando de ser apenas um entretenimento, tornando-se mais um elemento gerador de conhecimento. Esse tipo de material é muito utilizado na educação formal e na educação não formal, a fim de estimular o aprendizado em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Todavia, nas aulas de Geografia, seu uso ainda é muito incipiente, ou mesmo inexistente. Apropriando-se do método "Estudo de Caso", baseado na obra de Yin (2001), estruturou-se o trabalho e escolheram-se o objetivo e o objeto de estudo, para, então, realizar a coleta de dados. Por meio de entrevistas e questionários, visou-se à obtenção de subsídios para a elaboração dos jogos protótipos, que foram, posteriormente, aplicados nas escolas públicas dos municípios de Rio Claro/SP e São José dos Campos/SP. Diante das contribuições do educador e dos estudantes com opiniões e sugestões, foi possível adequar as propostas dos jogos e suas sequências didáticas. Os jogos abrangem cinco quebra-cabeças, um jogo da memória, um jogo dominó e um jogo de tabuleiro, todos com o objetivo de trazer a importância do uso dos mapas temáticos no ensino de Geografia. Como... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This paper presents the results obtained during development of the dissertation on the use of play materials as a mediator instrument Geography teaching in the classroom. Thus, through the proposal of Cartographic Games on Thematic Maps; explains its possibilities as a teaching resource for the teaching-learning process in the school environment. It can be said that three reasons have influenced this study. The first relates to the fact that, currently, the student is increasingly demanding teacher new challenges that stimulate the intellect. The second is that the use of teaching materials can enhance the development of skills and abilities in the student, the natural curiosity of the effort to overcome the scientific challenges posed by games. And the third is that when guided by an objective, its use may have several positive points, no longer just an entertainment for school, becoming an element that generates knowledge. On the other hand, this type of material is widely used in formal and non-formal education to stimulate learning in different areas of knowledge. However, in Geography lessons its use is still very incipient or non-existent. Through the method of the Case Study by Yin (2001), structured to work and picked up the object and the object of study, using interviews and questionnaires given to teachers of public schools. It was then possible to elect the main issues to be developed in prototype games that were applied in public schools in the city of Rio Claro/SP and São José dos Campos/SP. Proposals for cartographic games are measured, so far, in five puzzles, a memory game, a domino game and a board game, all with the purpose of bringing the importance of the use of thematic maps in teaching Geography
Mestre