Academic literature on the topic 'Salt industry and trade – Namibia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Salt industry and trade – Namibia"
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Klopper, Danitza, Paola Formenti, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Gaimoz, et al. "Chemical composition and source apportionment of atmospheric aerosols on the Namibian coast." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 15811–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15811-2020.
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Abstract. The chemical composition of aerosols is of particular importance to assess their interactions with radiation, clouds and trace gases in the atmosphere and consequently their effects on air quality and the regional climate. In this study, we present the results of the first long-term dataset of the aerosol chemical composition at an observatory on the coast of Namibia, facing the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Aerosol samples in the mass fraction of particles smaller than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were collected during 26 weeks between 2016 and 2017 at the ground-based Henties Bay Aerosol Observatory (HBAO; 22∘6′ S, 14∘30′ E; 30 m above mean sea level). The resulting 385 filter samples were analysed by X-ray fluorescence and ion chromatography for 24 inorganic elements and 15 water-soluble ions. Statistical analysis by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) identified five major components, sea salt (mass concentration: 74.7±1.9 %), mineral dust (15.7±1.4 %,), ammonium neutralised (6.1±0.7 %), fugitive dust (2.6±0.2 %) and industry (0.9±0.7 %). While the contribution of sea salt aerosol was persistent, as the dominant wind direction was south-westerly and westerly from the open ocean, the occurrence of mineral dust was episodic and coincided with high wind speeds from the south-south-east and the north-north-west, along the coastline. Concentrations of heavy metals measured at HBAO were higher than reported in the literature from measurements over the open ocean. V, Cd, Pb and Nd were attributed to fugitive dust emitted from bare surfaces or mining activities. As, Zn, Cu, Ni and Sr were attributed to the combustion of heavy oils in commercial ship traffic across the Cape of Good Hope sea route, power generation, smelting and other industrial activities in the greater region. Fluoride concentrations up to 25 µg m−3 were measured, as in heavily polluted areas in China. This is surprising and a worrisome result that has profound health implications and deserves further investigation. Although no clear signature for biomass burning could be determined, the PMF ammonium-neutralised component was described by a mixture of aerosols typically emitted by biomass burning, but also by other biogenic activities. Episodic contributions with moderate correlations between NO3-, nss-SO42- (higher than 2 µg m−3) and nss-K+ were observed, further indicative of the potential for an episodic source of biomass burning. Sea salt accounted for up to 57 % of the measured mass concentrations of SO42-, and the non-sea salt fraction was contributed mainly by the ammonium-neutralised component and small contributions from the mineral dust component. The marine biogenic contribution to the ammonium-neutralised component is attributed to efficient oxidation in the moist marine atmosphere of sulfur-containing gas phase emitted by marine phytoplankton in the fertile waters offshore in the Benguela Upwelling System. The data presented in this paper provide the first ever information on the temporal variability of aerosol concentrations in the Namibian marine boundary layer. This data also provide context for intensive observations in the area.
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Bogale, Mekonnen, Muluken Ayalew, and Wubishet Mengesha. "The Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism Industry of Sub-Saharan African Countries in the World Market." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajthl.19770720-91.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate competitiveness of Travel and Tourism industry of Sub-Saharan African countries in the world market. The study used Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) indexes as a measure of competitiveness based on secondary data from ITC trade database covering between 2000 and 2019. The findings of the study revealed that SSA countries like Mauritius, South Africa, Seychelles and Namibia have competitive T&T industry consistently in the years between 2000 and 2019. However, SSA countries such as Botswana, Tanzania, Senegal, Kenya and Rwanda have competitiveness vary by years. Moreover, South Africa has highest comparative advantage followed by Tanzania and Mauritius. The study provided valuable information to industry leaders, policy makers, business owners and international organizations such as UN and UNESCO to design appropriate strategies and systems aiming to sustain and improve travel and tourism industry competitiveness in SSA countries. It is the first study in applying NRCA and RTA indexes to investigate the competitiveness of T&T Industry in SSA countries. Keywords: Competitiveness; export; import; performance; tourism; travel
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Van Eck, Stefan. "Temporary Employment Services (Labour Brokers) in South Africa and Namibia." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2642.
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South Africa currently allows labour broking although this area of commerce is problematic. The trade union movement, government and organised business are presently debating the future regulation of this industry. Namibia has experimented with, and failed, to place a legislative ban on labour broking. The Supreme Court of Appeal of Namibia considered International Labour Organisation conventions and provisions of their Constitution before concluding that labour broking should be regulated but not prohibited. In this article it is argued that South African policy makers can gain valuable insights from the Namibian experience. It is submitted that it would be appropriate for Parliament to take cognisance of international and foreign principles and to accept amendments that would provide for stricter regulation for labour broking, rather than placing an outright ban on this economic activity.
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Lacey, Caron, Beth Clark, Lynn Frewer, and Sharron Kuznesof. "“Reaching its limits”: industry perspectives on salt reduction." British Food Journal 118, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 1610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2016-0027.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers to, and implications of, salt reduction initiatives within the UK food manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 13 technical and new product development (NPD) managers were purposefully sampled from businesses supplying foods within the chilled convenience food sector. Data were generated using semi-structured interviews incorporating the critical incident technique. Thematic and comparative analyses identified similarities and differences in the challenges facing different product categories within the sector. Findings – Barriers to further salt reduction included: manufacturing limitations; NPD constraints; food safety, quality and shelf-life trade-offs; and organoleptic acceptance. No single barrier dominated industry concerns and many barriers were interlinked. Overarching issues of competitive inequality between signatories and non-participants to voluntary salt reduction agreements, and the experience of product reformulation having reached its limits were prevalent. Originality/value – This research provides a food industry perspective on the identified barriers faced by UK food processors and manufacturers in advancing salt reduction within the chilled convenience sector.
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Maddicott, J. R. "London and Droitwich, c. 650–750: trade, industry and the rise of Mercia." Anglo-Saxon England 34 (December 2005): 7–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675105000025.
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This article argues that the power of the early Mercian kings from Wulfhere to Aethelbald, c.650-750, rested partly on their ability to exploit the growing economy which characterised this period; and that such exploitation provides a hitherto unacknowledged reason for the rise of Mercia to supremacy. The argument rests on the Mercian rulers' control of two particular places, London and Droitwich, the first the country's foremost port, the second a major industrial site concerned with the production of salt. After the growth of Mercian authority over both places has been traced, it is suggested that taxation of their activities may have resulted in substantial profits, via tolls in both centres and, in Droitwich, via a further levy on the manufacture of salt. The history of taxation on salt is traced back from the early modern period in order to see what light later practices shed upon those of the early middle ages. The article concludes by suggesting that the Mercian rulers were fortunate in exercising power at a time when economic growth, partly church-led, was open to royal exploitation and that those rulers had a conscious appreciation of the advantages so to be gained.
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Burley, David V., Karine Taché, Margaret Purser, and Ratu Jone Balenaivalu. "An archaeology of salt production in Fiji." Antiquity 85, no. 327 (February 2011): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067521.
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The authors report the first exposure of prehistoric salt-working in the Pacific, one that used solar evaporation of sea water on large flanged clay dishes. This short-lived industry of the seventh century AD disappeared beneath the dunes, but its documented nineteenth- and twentieth-century successors offer it many useful analogies: the salt, now extracted by boiling brine, was supplied to inland communities upriver, where it functioned as a prime commodity for prestige and trade and an agent of social change.
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Khairlapova, Marina Marksovna. "Organization of salt extraction on Lake Baskunchak of Astrakhan Governorate in f the XIX century." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.5.33810.
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The object of this research is the Baskunchak industry. The subject of this research is organization of salt extraction on Lake Baskunchak in the late XIX century. The chronological framework covers the period from the second half of the XIX century, i.e. from the beginning of regular state-ran salt extraction in the Baskunchak deposit until the abolishment of excise tax on salt, transfer of salt extraction to private Industrialists. The article provides detailed description of the methods of salt extraction on the lake, social composition of personnel engaged in the industry, transportation of salt on trucks and railways, statistical data on salt prices, salaries, and rent of salt plots by salt producers on Lake Baskunchak is given. The novelty of the research consist in comprehensive examination of the previously researched direction – development of salt industry on Lake Baskunchak in the late XIX century. As one of major salt deposits of Russia, Lake Baskunchak is of special value for the salt trade. In the second half of the XIX century Baskunchak was the large supplier of salt in Russia. The acquires materials can be used in educational process of the universities of Astrakhan Region in teaching general and specialized courses on the History of Russia.
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Устюгова, О. А. "ЭКСПОРТНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ВСЕСОЮЗНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СОЛЯНОГО СИНДИКАТА В КИТАЕ И ЯПОНИИ (1924–1926 ГГ.)." Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке 54, no. 4 (2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1997-2857/2020-4/63-72.
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В октябре 1924 г. государственный соляной синдикат, обеспечивавший солью население и промышленность СССР, открыл Дальневосточную краевую контору во Владивостоке. В условиях проводимой советским государством политики снижения зависимости экономики от импорта синдикат стремился наращивать экспорт продукции своих трестов за рубеж. В статье рассматривается деятельность сотрудников синдиката по продвижению советской соли на рынки Китая и Японии в середине 1920-х гг. Особое внимание уделяется обстоятельствам ведения переговоров с японскими рыбопромышленниками, охарактеризован механизм взаимодействия уполномоченных синдиката с советскими торговыми организациями, дается оценка перспектив сбыта советской соли в Китае и Японии. Ключевые слова: Дальний Восток, Япония, Китай, экспорт, соль, соляной синдикат In October 1924 Far-Eastern representative office of the Salt Syndicate, which provided salt to Soviet people and industry, was opened in Vladivostok. Under the government policy to reduce the dependence of the economy on imports, the Syndicate sought to increase the export of its products abroad. The paper examines the activities of the Salt Syndicate to promote Soviet salt in the markets of China and Japan in the mid-1920s. The author focuses attention on the circumstances of negotiations with Japanese fishery firms, the mechanism of interaction of the syndicate’s commissioners with Soviet trade organizations and the prospects of Soviet salt sales in China and Japan. Keywords: Soviet Far East, Japan, China, export, salt, Salt Syndicate
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McDougall, E. Ann. "The View from Awdaghust: War, Trade and Social Change in the Southwestern Sahara, from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Century." Journal of African History 26, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023069.
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Early medieval wealth invested in southern Saharan agriculture and warfare tended to produce distinctive groups of dependent cultivators and professional warriors by the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Exchange surpassed initial limitations placed on it by rudimentary pastoral society through the development of the salt industry. The realization of a form of surplus readily convertible into a wide range of commodities was vital to the growth of specialized traders who, in turn, broadened the scope of economic and political activity. Growing professionalism and specialization brought with it new forms of social relations, in this case a variety of forms of dependence, as well as introducing a role for indigenous non-producers like clerics and scholars. An oasis like Awdaghust where warriors, cultivators and traders interacted was bound to experience the growing pains these changes produced.This paper suggests how an understanding of these social and economic changes can help fill the gaps which still plague the history of Awdaghust. It argues that we need to examine the pieces of written and archaeological evidence we have in the light of the changing forms of agriculture practised in the area, the region's drying climate between the ninth and the fifteenth centuries, and the making of the specialized merchant-clerical groups called zawāyā. Awdaghust thereby emerges not only as an international caravan terminus, but as a regional centre of agriculture and trade, especially the salt trade, controlled by local pastoralists. It was therefore able to outlive its so-called eleventh-century destruction by the Almoravids, and see its Znāga masters turn increasingly towards the salt trade and religion. But its fortunes also depended upon its large servile labour force and sufficient rainfall to support irrigated cultivation. By the fifteenth century, it would appear the drying conditions were severe enough to pose insurmountable problems, possibly even to provoke a slave rebellion said to have brought about Awdaghust's demise.
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Cardoso, Camila, and Frederico Cardoso. "Maritime Arbitration and an Overview on the Brazilian legal framework related to alternative dispute resolution methods." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v1i1.11.
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Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America, with a population of more than 209.300.000 people and a territory of 8.515.767,049 km2, which makes the country an important player in the international trade scenario. Being Brazil a major exporter of commodities, a strong importer of goods and with a vast coastline of 8,500 km of navigable waters, the Brazilian shipping industry plays an important role in the country’s developing economy. In fact, the ports are the country’s main gate, through which approximately 95% of the foreign trade is made. In the past decades, the offshore sector of Brazil’s maritime industry played an important role considering the discoveries of oil and gas in the pre-salt layer, contributing to a significant development on the country’s shipping industry. Following that, an economic crisis hit the oil sector, with impacts worldwide. In view of the above, the arising disputes involving maritime matters have increased, and the demand for experts in this field is growing in Brazil’s current scenario. However, if in one hand Brazil faces an increase of disputes involving maritime law, on the other hand the Brazilian judicial system remains extremely bureaucratic and time-consuming, as well as, in some occasions, not properly prepared to deal with the complex maritime matters under discussion. In addition, judicial disputes in Brazil are subject to high interest and indexation rates, which can add up to 18% per year on top of the amount under dispute, plus lawyer’s fees and eventual loss of suit expenses, which can reach 20% of the condemnation amount. In this scenario, alternative dispute resolution methods arise as an important alternative to encompass these demands, offering an efficient solution, rendered in a proper time, by experts and specialists of the maritime field.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Salt industry and trade – Namibia"
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Frielingsdorf, Klaus. "Contractor evaluation and selection for projects using the analytic hierarchy process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52747.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Changes in the global salt market have presented Walvis Bay Salt Refiners with an opportunity to increase its current sales by approximately 40%. Following several pre-feasibility studies, the expansion project plan was created. The construction of new ponds, canals and sluices were to be performed by a subcontractor as selected through a tender process. The scope of the work comprised approximately 70% of the total project cost and it also represented the most critical part of the expansion project. Thomas Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process, was used as a group decision support system for the selection of the most suitable subcontractor. The weighted average mean method was used to aggregate individual scores. A sensitivity analysis was performed following the final outcome to gain a deeper understanding of the problem, obtain a measure of margin between subcontractor scores and to check for the correctness of numbers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veranderinge in die wêreld soutmark het vir Walvis Bay Salt Refiners 'n geleentheid gebied om sy verkope met ʼn beraamde 40% te verhoog. Na verskeie voorondersoeke is 'n volledige projekplan opgestel. Die vervaardiging van damwalle, kanale en sluise sou deur 'n kontrakteur gedoen word wat deur ʼn tenderprosedure gekeur sou word. Die omvang van hierdie gedeelte van die uitbreidingsprojek verteenwoordig ongeveer 70% van die totale projekkostes en is terselfdelyk die mees sensitiewe gedeelte van die projek. Thomas Saaty se Analytic Hierarchy Process is gebruik as die groepbesluitnemingsondersteuningstelsel om die mees geskikte kontrakteur te kies. Die geweegde gemiddelde is gebruik om die individuele oordele saam te voeg. Sensitiwiteits analise is uitgevoer nadat die finale uitslag bepaal is om sodoende beter insig in die probleem te ontwikkel, om ʼn beter onderskeiding tussen die kontrakteur puntetellings te kry en om die juistheid van die syfers na te gaan.
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Puk, Wing Kin. "Salt trade in sixteenth-seventeenth century China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670133.
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Vikør, Knut S. "The oasis of salt the history of Kawar, a Saharan centre of salt production /." Bergen, Norway : Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42684340.html.
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Segal, Richard Daniel. "Primary production and nutrient dynamics in solar salt ponds /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0053.
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Antonites, Alexander. "The salt of Baleni : an archaeological investigation into the organization of production during the early iron age of South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-123257/.
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Difford, Mark. "Towards the bioremediation of the hypertrophic Swartkops Solar Salt-works." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1506.
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This thesis presents the results of three studies aimed at improving brine-quality at the Swartkops solar salt-works (Swartkops Sea Salt [Pty] Ltd) on the outskirts of Port Elizabeth, South Africa. This is a highly eutrophic salt-works, the management of which has become increasingly difficult in recent years. The fundamental problem is how best to operate the system at maximum capacity while limiting nutrient inputs from the nutrient-rich microtidal Swartkops Estuary. In the first study, brine-quality at several sites along the axis of the Swartkops Estuary, and the extent to which it is affected by a variety of factors, is compared. Sites were sampled on micro- and macrotidal time scales, and were selected by the management of the salt-works as possible locations for a new pump-house (for extracting brine from the estuary) for their salt-work operations at Swartkops and Missionvale. The study showed that there are incremental benefits to be had from moving the site of extraction downstream from its present position to a site closer to the mouth of the estuary, where the concentration of nutrients usually is lower and where salinity usually is higher. There is little to be gained from moving the site of extraction laterally, to the mouth of the Inlet from which brine currently is extracted, so that brine is extracted directly from the estuary itself. A set of models relating the concentrations of NH+ 4 , NO{u100000}3 , and PO34{u100000} to salinity is proposed. These take into account the influences of site and season and may be used to estimate the concentration of these nutrients from a measurement of salinity. The model for PO34{u100000} shows that it would be more damaging to the salt-works’ operations to pump “low”-salinity brine during the early months of summer than during autumn. Evidence is also presented to show that Wylde Bridge has no influence on nutrient concentrations in the estuary, with tidal flushing generally passing beyond the Wylde-Bridge break-point. The exceptionally heavy flooding of the estuary that occurred in September 2002 may, however, have biased this conclusion, because of its scouring effect. The second study concentrated on monitoring the effect of (1) decreasing pond depth and (2) increasing pond salinity—two readily available management tools—on brine quality at the salt-works. Pond depth throughout the salt-works was decreased by 40 cm, and the salinity of Pond 5, a pond in the middle of the system, was increased to 175 S. Both measures were kept in place for the duration of the study (Nov. 2002–Aug. 2004). The pond-depth experiment did not have the expected result, there being no evidence of the increase in microalgal growth in the water column that was predicted based on previous research. There was, however, a significant increase in benthic chlorophyll-a, and there was a general improvement in the condition of the sedimentary system of the salt-works. There was also a substantial decrease in particulate organic matter in the water column, with clear evidence that the remaining fraction was closely associated with living forms of particulate matter rather than with detritus. The pond-salinity experiment proves that there is a flourishing, and resilient, population of brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) at the salt-works. Restocking the salina, or stocking it with a different strain of brine shrimp, is therefore not necessary. The results of this study show that the brine shrimp population at the salt-works needs salinities of greater than about 65–70 S to survive. As a living force they almost certainly need a protective salinity that is greater than about 120–140 S, perhaps even as great as 160 S. Brine shrimp thrived in the high salinity milieu of the experimental pond for the duration of the study, but dwindled from three other ponds of the system once their salinities fell to below 90 S, eventually to disappear from them, apparently completely, once salinity fell to below 65 S. The third and final study concentrated on establishing whether the products released by decomposing barley straw could be used in a solar salt-works to control macroalgal blooms without detrimentally affecting the benthic-mat. Previous research has shown that these products are effective inhibitors of macroalgal growth and that they remain effective under saline conditions. The results presented here show that the same products, or products released under similar conditions of decomposition, adversely effect both the structure and the function of the mat. Consequently, their use in a solar salt-works cannot be recommended.
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Puk, Wing Kin. "State, salt, and society in late imperial China : a study of Lianghuai." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1993. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/13.
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Mulunga, Immanuel. "The impact of the SA-EU FTA and the Cotonou Agreement on the economy of Namibia with particular emphasis on the fisheries and meat sectors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51982.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.On October 1999 South Africa signed a historic TDCA with the European Union. The main objective of this agreement is to liberalise most trade between the two parties over time through a free trade agreement. Namibia as a member of SACU became automatically a de facto member of the SA-EU FTA. At the same time the EU concluded another 20-year agreement with the ACP countries effectively changing its traditional trade relationship with these countries. Namibia also being a member of the ACP group of countries finds itself in the middle of these two agreements. South Africa and the EU however opted to leave some of the sectors that are considered sensitive out of the free trade agreement in order to mitigate some of the adjustment costs likely to be faced by lesser-developed partners in SACU such as Namibia. Beef is one of those sensitive sectors as it is the main Namibian agricultural export to both the EU and South Africa. The fisheries sector likewise contributes a lot to Namibia's export earnings and the fact South Africa and the EU are negotiating for a fisheries agreement could mean a change in Namibia's competitive position in this sector. The impact that these two agreements will have on the beef sector is not very significant or at least manageable at this stage. The impact on the fisheries sector is mainly uncertain at this stage in the absence of an EU-SA fisheries agreement. The major impact of the SA-EU FTA will be on government revenues, which rely heavily on receipts from the SACU common revenue pool. The SADC has also started its regional economic integration process, which the EU hopes to be a move towards a REPA with which it hopes to do business as part of the new Cotonou Agreement. However the vast disparities in economic development between the EU and SADC does not favour such a move. The benefits will most probably accrue to the EU and the costs to SADC countries, especially those countries that are not part of SACU. It is important that if the new Cotonou Agreement is to be mutually beneficial steps need to be taken to strengthen the industrial and export capacities of the ACP countries. Otherwise this wave of globalisation will be nothing but a zero sum game.
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Dakwa, Tinoonga. "The meat industry : a Namibian case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/821.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Livestock production forms a significant part of the agricultural activities in Namibia. This study is an analysis of the red meat (beef and mutton) supply chain in the country, south of the Veterinary Cordon Fence. The supply chain from production of animals on the farms through processing to placing of meat on the market is analyzed. The red meat supply chain is split into three sectors for the purpose of the study. The three sectors are the supply sector involved in the production of animals on the farms, the processing sector involved with the slaughtering and value addition on the livestock products and the demand sector that is involved in the placing on the market of the livestock and livestock products. Each of the sectors is then analyzed as an entity. The three tools that are used to analyze the sectors are: a) The market competitiveness done using the Porter’s 5 force analysis; b) The SWOT analysis for determination of intrinsic and extrinsic environments of the respective sectors and c) Trend review of the activity in each sector for the years 2000-2005. The aim of the analysis is to create a deeper insight into the forces and the impact these forces are having on the meat supply chain.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veeboerdery vorm ‘n vername deel van landbou-aktiwiteite in Namibië. Hierdie navorsingsverslag is ’n analise van die rooivleis (bees en skaap) leweringsketting in die land suid van die veeartsafbakeningsheining. Die studie ondersoek die leweringsketting van produksie van vee op plase tot by die plaas van vleis op die markte. Die rooivleis leweringsketting is, vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie, in drie dele verdeel. Hierdie drie dele is die lewerings-sektor wat verantwoordelik is vir die produksie van vee op die plase, die prosesserings-sektor wat verantwoordelik is vir die slag en waardetoevoeging tot die vee-produkte, en die vraag-sektor wat verantwoordelik is vir die plasing van vee en vee-produkte op die mark. Elk van hierdie sektore word ontleed as ’n entiteit. Die drie instrumente wat gebruik word om die sektore te analiseeer is: a) Die markkompeterendheid word gedoen aand die hand van Porter se 5 kragte analise; b) Die “SWOT” analise vir die bepaling van die intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke omgewings van die onderskeie sektore, en c) Tendens oorsig van die aktiwiteite in elke sektor vir die jare 2000-2005. Die doel van die analises is om dieper insig te skep van die kragte en die impak wat hierdie kragte het op die vleis leweringsketting.
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Gawanab, Alex Clive. "The need for the beneficiation of Namibian diamond exports and its impact on economic performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8582.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.Since gaining independence in 1990, Namibia has enjoyed a fairly stable economic performance, but its heavy reliance on its natural resources, especially its mineral resources, is at times worrisome. Historically, the country has depended primarily on diamond exports as a major source of foreign exchange earnings and state revenue. The contribution of diamond mining to government revenue has over the years declined from a high of N$1493 million in 2002 to the levels of N$821 million in 2007. Similarly, the contribution of diamond mining to the Gross Domestic Product has decline marginally from N$4.59 billion (16.9 percent) in 2006 to N$3.56 billion (13.1 percent) in 2007 respectively. It is evident that there has been a steady, but progressive decline in the proportional contribution of diamonds to the national income in relation to the other sectors of the economy. This decline can however not be directly attributed to a corresponding decline in the diamond production output, but perhaps due to a decline in diamond demand and lower prices. Based on the fact that diamond production and expansion thereof to offshore operations in particular will continue for years to come and still make significant contribution to the Namibia economy, this study attempts to formulate value addition strategies that could lead to the optimisation of the Namibia diamond economy potential, especially local benefication, as well as increased international competitiveness within the established world diamond markets. To this end, it evaluates the intricate supply and demand patterns in the world diamond market to understand how Namibia could position itself. The study found that there is a clear case for local diamond benefication as an economic imperative and that it is a feasible proposition. However, it must be approached cautiously and within a clearly defined and structured framework. It is recommended that Namibia should pursue the benefication of her unique gem quality diamonds in conjunction with external manufacturing experts and marketers in order to secure a bigger stake in the global diamond pipeline. To this end the government needs to formulate clear incentive strategies and packages for investors and also open the playing field for local manufacturers, without compromising existing relations and revenue streams. Furthermore, it is suggested that Namibia strive to maintain an amicable balance between rough exports and local benefication, whilst expanding the regulatory and enabling environment. Other proposals that will support local benefication and competitiveness of the Namibian diamond economy are diamond branding and marketing through already existing diamond marketing pioneers such as DTC International. Finally, Namibia needs to embark upon strategies to urgently increase its skills base and improve the productivity of its labour force in order to achieve the vision of a flourishing diamond benefication sector.
Books on the topic "Salt industry and trade – Namibia"
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Rawlinson, Johann. The meat industry of Namibia, 1835 to 1994. Windhoek, Namibia: Gamsberg Macmillan, 1994.
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Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria). Salt production in Nigeria. Abuja [Nigeria]: Raw Materials Research and Development Council, 2010.
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Kostick, Dennis S. The material flow of salt. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.
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Adshead, Samuel Adrian M. Salt and civilization. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
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Hansohm, Dirk. Construction and brick-making in north central Namibia. Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit, 1998.
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Cole, L. Heber. Report on the salt deposits of Canada and the salt industry. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1997.
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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report, salt. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.
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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report, salt. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Salt industry and trade – Namibia"
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Jack, Sybil M. "The Inland Salt Production." In Trade and Industry in Tudor and Stuart England, 169. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003189220-21.
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Jack, Sybil M. "Salt Works near Tynemouth, 1634." In Trade and Industry in Tudor and Stuart England, 170–72. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003189220-22.
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Jack, Sybil M. "Trinity House to the Privy Council about the Salt Trade, 1635." In Trade and Industry in Tudor and Stuart England, 190. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003189220-35.
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Ramos, Jorge, and Ana Cláudia Campos. "Tourism in a Salt Pan." In Multilevel Approach to Competitiveness in the Global Tourism Industry, 142–58. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0365-2.ch009.
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The production of salt has always been part of human life. Salt natural sources may vary from rock mine to marine water. Some places have developed their economy considerably due to the extraction and trade of this raw material. More recently, traditional sea salt production activities have been attracting attention from a diversified range of the public. Traditional salt producers usually focus on production, but as a result of tourist demand for visiting salt production activities, producers must develop the intention to receive visitors. Such reception not only shows visitors the activity, but serves as an advertisement to international markets likely to add value to such an ancient, fundamental good: salt.
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Davis, Ralph. "The East Indian Trade." In The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 247–56. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497384.003.0012.
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This chapter explores trade between Britain and East India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It follows the actions of the East India Company (and to a lesser extent, the Levant Company) and their trading activity in India and parts of Asia. It examines the various types of trade cargo including salt, silk, pepper, and Chinese tea; analyses freight rates; and discusses the competition with Dutch ships. Finally, it details the management structure of the East India Company and the way in which it managed to generate profit and success. It concludes that this success drew the unfavourable attention of Parliament.
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Randa, Isaac Okoth. "Leveraging Knowledge Management for Value Creation in Service-Oriented Organisations of Namibia." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 145–67. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3009-1.ch007.
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Firms create value as a basis for their sustainability in two ways: physical transformation of inputs into high value outputs or arbitrage. This involves either cross-place arbitrage which is trade or cross-time arbitrage which is speculation. Modern economies driven by globalisation and fierce competition in which competitiveness is no longer determined by the possession of scarce capital and abundance of cheap labour but the utilisation of knowledge asset which improves with usage. In that context, knowledge-intensive services organisations stand to thrive and prosper testimony of the structural shifts in the sectoral contributions to GDP of many countries. Through conceptual analysis of documents, articles and reports, this paper suggests that emerging economies with abundant highly educated and skilled manpower coupled with natural resources endowment can leverage knowledge management as a core competency to catapult their services industry. This goal requires an understanding of critical success factors that drive successful organisational knowledge management strategies.
Conference papers on the topic "Salt industry and trade – Namibia"
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Adams, Daniel, and Marie Law Adams. "Resource Industries in the Post-Industrial City." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.43.
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Resource industries are present in the post-industrial city in a mutable state, as the goods of global trade pass through as interim piles (salt, sand, and gravel), in holding tanks (petroleum), and silos (cement). The flow of resources is fundamental to urban life and shapes the urban landscape, yet engagement with this mode of industry in the city has been largely outside the realm of the design disciplines. If Reyner Banham’s Los Angeles was made legible through the mediating lens of the windshield and the rear-view mirror, then the constructed landscapes of primary resources in today’s post-industrial city are only understandable through the windshield of the front-end loader that acts as the mediator between global networks and local distribution. The material terminals that these loaders serve are not classified by permanent structures, but rather by the through put dictated by the demands of the city. This dynamic relationship of primary industry to the contemporary city is better understood through the relational terms of ecology than formal conventions of architecture. As such, the environments created by the flows of primary industry to urban centers require new modes of engagement from designers. The current architectures of such resource industries in cities- containers, sheds, fences – result from practices of use-based zoning, homeland security, and offsite mitigation, but such static structures fail to engage the dynamic dimensions of a fluid industry. In order to create a new framework, this paper analyzes the spatial and programmatic opportunities that result from re-conceiving these three regulatory conventions through an analysis of a realized project with a global marine terminal in Boston Harbor.