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1
Erdős, Péter, Youwei Li, Ruipeng Liu, and Alexander Mende. "Same same but different – Stylized facts of CTA sub strategies." International Review of Financial Analysis 74 (March 2021): 101657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101657.
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Dyrla, Wioletta, and Marek Kuch. "Eplerenone – the facts speak for themselves." Medycyna Faktów 11, no. 1 (2018): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.mf.0118.6.
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Sybilski, Adam J. "Fexofenadine – the facts speak for themselves." Medycyna Faktów 12, no. 3 (2019): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.mf.0319.8.
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Sybilski, Adam J. "Rupatadine – the facts speak for themselves." Medycyna Faktów 11, no. 4 (2018): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.mf.0418.14.
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Arkolakis, Costas, Arnaud Costinot, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare. "New Trade Models, Same Old Gains?" American Economic Review 102, no. 1 (2012): 94–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.1.94.
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Micro-level data have had a profound influence on research in international trade over the last ten years. In many regards, this research agenda has been very successful. New stylized facts have been uncovered and new trade models have been developed to explain these facts. In this paper we investigate to what extent answers to new micro-level questions have affected answers to an old and central question in the field: how large are the welfare gains from trade? A crude summary of our results is: “So far, not much.” (JEL F11, F12)
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Gaines, Brian J., James H. Kuklinski, Paul J. Quirk, Buddy Peyton, and Jay Verkuilen. "Same Facts, Different Interpretations: Partisan Motivation and Opinion on Iraq." Journal of Politics 69, no. 4 (2007): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00601.x.
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Kostka-Jeziorny, Katarzyna, and Andrzej Tykarski. "Telmisartan in elderly – the facts speak for themselves." Medycyna Faktów 11, no. 3 (2018): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.mf.0318.3.
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Novichenko, Irina. "Rochdale Pioneers: Myths and Facts." ISTORIYA 13, no. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023121-2.
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The history of the Rochdale Pioneers, the founders of the consumer co-operatives in Great Britain, is repeated by all who turn to the history of the co-operative and labour movements. This “story” is always the same, researchers retell approximately the same facts. The article attempts to trace how the “typical story” about the Rochdale Pioneers developed in Russian and British historiography and how it is seen in the light of recent research. The documents of the “Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers” and the data from recent studies of British historians helped to consider the background of the event; the circumstances of the creation of the Society, the number of founding pioneers, their professional affiliation, age composition, adherence to Owenist and other socio-political ideas; relations with other cooperatives and authorities; the rules and objectives set out in the Statute of 1844 and subsequent statutes; the main directions of the Society's activity in 1844—1860s; the fate of the founding pioneers. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the principles of the Rochdale co-operative system and to the efforts to preserve the heritage of the Pioneers.
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Majeed, Nasir, Amjad Hilal, and Raja Muhammad Usman Rashed. "APPREHENDING THE MEANING AND APPLICATION OF RES GESTAE IN COMMON LAW COUNTRIES AND PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (2022): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.968.
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The objective of the present study is to analyze the scope, statutory status and judicial application of res gestae in common law countries and Pakistan. After a doctrinal analysis, the current study found that evidence related to uncharged offences, facts, events, acts, statements, and declarations about physical sensations and mental conditions might be given in evidence under the doctrine of res gestae if there was no chance of fabrication. Moreover, the study found that various statutes of common law countries indirectly incorporated the doctrine of res gestae. The study further established that in India and Pakistan, evidence related to facts forming part of the same transaction and facts which were not part of the same transaction but throw light, or give context or explain the fact in issue or relevant fact might be given in evidence. However, these facts must be connected with a fact in issue or relevant fact in terms of proximity of time, place and unity, or the facts must be related to continuity of action, purpose or design of fact in issue or relevant facts. Keywords: Hearsay Evidence, Res Gestae, Admissibility of Hearsay, Same Transaction.
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Raimondi, Andrea. "Something Negative about Totality Facts." European journal of analytic philosophy 19, no. 2 (2023): A1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.19.2.5.
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Armstrong famously argued in favour of introducing totality facts in our ontology. Contrary to fully negative (absence) facts, totality facts yield a theory of “moderate” or “partial” negativity, which allegedly provides an elegant solution to the truthmaking problem of negative claims and, at the same time, avoids postulating (many) first-order absences. Friends of totality facts argue that partial negativity is (i) tolerable vis-à-vis the Eleatic principle qua mark of the real, and (ii) achieves a significant advantage in terms of ontological parsimony. But are totality facts, which are partially negative, really more ontologically acceptable than fully negative facts? In this paper, we argue that, comparatively, the case for totality facts is weaker than commonly assumed and that, ultimately, the answer is negative.
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Moulia, Catherine. "PARASITISM OF PLANT AND ANIMAL HYBRIDS: ARE FACTS AND FATES THE SAME?" Ecology 80, no. 2 (1999): 392–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0392:popaah]2.0.co;2.
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Campbell, Melvin D. "Basic Facts Drill—Card Games." Arithmetic Teacher 36, no. 8 (1989): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.8.0041.
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Two major challenges confront teachers of elementary school mathematics. One is to teach, practice, and reinforce the basic facts of arithmetic. The other is to deal with the different ability levels of students within the same classroom. The following card games have been designed to address both of these difficulties. A number of students from the Ooltewah Adventist School, Ooltewah, Tennessee, in grades 4 through 6 played the games together in spite of differences in age and ability. This preliminary activity indicates that the basic facts can be practiced and reinforced in groups of students of varying ability in an enjoyable way.
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Domahs, Frank, Margarete Delazer, and Hans‐Christoph Nuerk. "What Makes Multiplication Facts Difficult." Experimental Psychology 53, no. 4 (2006): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.53.4.275.
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Two current models of arithmetic fact retrieval, the network interference theory (NIT; Campbell, 1995 ) and the interacting neighbors (IN) model ( Verguts & Fias, 2005a ), predict that errors in simple multiplication should be more probable, if they include the same digit as the correct result (i.e., if they are “consistent,” compared with “inconsistent” errors). In a reanalysis of error data originally reported by Campbell (1997) , we provide first empirical evidence for this prediction. Furthermore, these results support the notion of different quantity representations for decades and units as proposed by Nuerk, Weger, and Willmes (2001) . However, the NIT and IN‐model differ in their explanations of the problem‐size effect, a hallmark finding robustly observed in arithmetic fact retrieval. Only the IN‐model predicts that a correct answer's neighborhood consistency can fully account for the problem‐size effect, which was confirmed in our analysis.
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Soames, Scott. "Skepticism about Meaning: Indeterminacy, Normativity, and the Rule-Following Paradox." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 23 (1997): 211–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1997.10715967.
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Quine and Kripke's Wittgenstein both present “skeptical” arguments for the conclusion that there are no facts about meaning. In each case the argument for the conclusion is that (i) if there are facts about meaning (and propositional attitudes), then they must be determined by some more fundamental facts, but (ii) facts about meaning (and propositional attitudes) are not determined by any such facts. Consequently there are no facts about meanings (or propositional attitudes). Within this overall framework, Quine and Kripke's Wittgenstein differ substantially — both in their reasons for thinking that facts about meaning (and propositional attitudes) are not determined by other facts, and in their responses to the alleged elimination of these facts. Despite this, I believe that their arguments fail for essentially the same reason; each equivocates about what it means for one set of facts to determine another. Once the equivocation is eliminated, the arguments lose their plausibility.
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Leng, Mary. "Debunking, supervenience, and Hume’s Principle." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49, no. 8 (2019): 1083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2019.1584936.
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AbstractDebunking arguments against both moral and mathematical realism have been pressed, based on the claim that our moral and mathematical beliefs are insensitive to the moral/mathematical facts. In the mathematical case, I argue that the role of Hume’s Principle as a conceptual truth speaks against the debunkers’ claim that it is intelligible to imagine the facts about numbers being otherwise while our evolved responses remain the same. Analogously, I argue, the conceptual supervenience of the moral on the natural speaks presents a difficulty for the debunker’s claim that, had the moral facts been otherwise, our evolved moral beliefs would have remained the same.
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Shpagonov, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Pavel Zenovievich Ivanishin, Olga Mikhailovna Rodionova, and Gregory Vyacheslavovich Kolodub. "Legal facts in civil law." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-C (2020): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-c652p.276-281.
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The proposed article provides a comprehensive examination of such a scientific concept of civil law as a "legal fact”. The science of civil law has a quite stable idea about legal facts, their structure, and types. At the same time, it should be stipulated that some of the circumstances determined by law do not become independent legal acts but act as their integral part, such as, for example, voting by an authorized person in the framework of a decision by a collective body of a legal entity, an offer and an acceptance concluding a contract, etc. Similar considerations have already been expressed but remained unaccepted in science, as they do not correspond to the understanding of a legal fact as an integral circumstance that entails the emergence, change or termination of civil rights and obligations. Independent legal facts can entail legal consequences both in themselves and in conjunction with other circumstances, forming a legal structure. The law also mentions such events and actions that give rise to rights and obligations exclusively in conjunction with other circumstances.
 
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Marquez, Jaime. "Stylized Facts of the FOMC’s Longer-Run Forecasts." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 3 (2023): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030152.
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Conventional explanations of monetary policy decisions in the United States assume that the longer-run Federal funds rate is determined by a representative central banker (i.e., the Fed) using longer-term forecasts of economic activity and unemployment. This assumption is inconsistent with the federalist structure of the Federal Reserve in which the Federal funds rate is determined by a committee made up of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks. This inconsistency would be irrelevant if differences in the Fed participants’ longer-run projections were small or constant, but they are not: disparities in these longer-run projections are large and volatile. This finding raises several questions: Are FOMC participants relying on the same forecasting framework (i.e., model or rules of thumb) but using different values for the forecast drivers? Or are these participants using the same forecast drivers but relying on different frameworks?
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Wahyuni, Dessy. "PERTARUNGAN JURNALISME DAN SASTRA DALAM MENGUAK KEBENARAN." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 9, no. 3 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v9i3.325.
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<p class="TeksAbstrak">The existence of facts in journalism can be manipulated, while the truth settles in literature. Although both types of writing, namely news texts, which contain facts, and literary texts, which contain fiction, depart from the same reality, the estuary of the truth in it can be different because it is seen from different perspectives and interests. For these various interests, silencing in journalism often occurs. Facts are circumcised, overhauled, and arranged in such a way as to produce new facts. Meanwhile, in literature, facts are packaged using imagination to disguise the truth as if it did not happen. For this reason, using a functional systemic linguistic approach, the authors uncover various linguistic considerations built by Seno Gumira Ajidarma (SGA) in reducing news in <em>Jakarta Jakarta</em> to fulfill certain interests. Then, the writers also dismantled the formation of meaning behind each text in SGA's "Saksi Mata", which contained elements of resistance in literature, by using Derrida's deconstruction. The result of the study shows that the same facts can be stated in a variety of different and subjective ways. In this case, literary work is an effective tool to voice the truth.</p><div> </div>
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Kretov, Sergey I. "ENTITIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF PROPERTY: FACTS AND MYTHS." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 478, no. 8 (2023): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2023-478-8-10-22.
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After Vladimir Putin’s speech at the Munich Conference in 2008 and his statement to Financial Times reporters in 2019 that the liberal idea had outlived its purpose and exhausted itself, it became clear that the world would never be the same again. The purpose of the conducted fundamental research was “property”. It won’t be the same in the fi rst place. What will it be like? The historically transient series of types, kinds and forms of ownership should synergistically integrate the natural and artifi cial types of property in the format of the associated partial ownership of citizens for all natural resources and basic means of production. This approach is radically diff erent from Schwab’s fantasies of stakeholder capitalism, when “ownership” of all resources is declared common, and “disposition” and “use” are appropriated by members of the capitalist governing subsystem. The model proposed by Western apologists is not nature-appropriate, and therefore it is not viable. Solving the issue of property lies at the heart of the new future world order. The development of an embryonal new formation is a complex theoretical issue that is worthy of a federal discussion. To answer it, the methodology of studying complex social systems — cybernetic epistemology was applied. As a result, there appeared: the ideological Concept and practical Model of the future Sovereign Harmonious Society of GOODNESS CREATION. The size of the journal article does not allow this material to be presented to the readers. Therefore, only one, but the fundamental question of the fate of property in a world that will never be the same will be considered here.
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Tokarz-Deptuła, Beata, Sara Chrzanowska, Natalia Gurgacz, Michał Stosik, and Wiesław Deptuła. "Virophages—Known and Unknown Facts." Viruses 15, no. 6 (2023): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15061321.
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The paper presents virophages, which, like their host, giant viruses, are “new” infectious agents whose role in nature, including mammalian health, is important. Virophages, along with their protozoan and algal hosts, are found in fresh inland waters and oceanic and marine waters, including thermal waters and deep-sea vents, as well as in soil, plants, and in humans and animals (ruminants). Representing “superparasitism”, almost all of the 39 described virophages (except Zamilon) interact negatively with giant viruses by affecting their replication and morphogenesis and their “adaptive immunity”. This causes them to become regulators and, at the same time, defenders of the host of giant viruses protozoa and algae, which are organisms that determine the homeostasis of the aquatic environment. They are classified in the family Lavidaviridae with two genus (Sputnikovirus, Mavirus). However, in 2023, a proposal was presented that they should form the class Maveriviricetes, with four orders and seven families. Their specific structure, including their microsatellite (SSR-Simple Sequence Repeats) and the CVV (cell—virus—virophage, or transpovirion) system described with them, as well as their function, makes them, together with the biological features of giant viruses, form the basis for discussing the existence of a fourth domain in addition to Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. The paper also presents the hypothetical possibility of using them as a vector for vaccine antigens.
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Morath, Tobias, Manfred Schwaiger, and Kristina Mahler. "Not One and The Same: Published Opinion as a Poor Predictor of Public Opinion." Marketing ZFP 44, no. 2 (2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2022-2-3.
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According to agenda-setting theory, the media determine what we have to think about and how we have to think about it. While there is ample evidence that this holds true in social and political contexts, our analysis advises caution when drawing conclusions about the reputation of companies from media reports. We analyze news media coverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) regarding ist impact on the reputation of companies listed on the former German DAX30 from 2005 to 2011. As in many other cases, not (CSR) facts are decisive, but how those facts are perceived by stakeholders. Although it is tempting to believe that the news media has an impact on how the public assesses corporations, in particular their reputation, our exploratory study reveals that news media coverage of CSR-related activities does not drive reputation perceptions in a notable manner. Clear patterns of reputation increase or decrease following positive or negative media reports cannot be identified. Hence, we advocate against using news media data as a substitute for reputation surveys due to poor predictive capabilities.
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Ненартович, И. А. "Nutrition During Pregnancy: Myths and Facts." Репродуктивное здоровье. Восточная Европа 13, no. 6 (2023): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2023.13.6.011.
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Беременность вызывает трепетные ощущения и порой растерянность по поводу необходимости изменения образа жизни, в том числе подхода к питанию, что выражается в диаметральном разбросе предложений и рекомендаций в открытых источниках информации. С одной стороны, обыватели полагают, что беременной нельзя ни в чем отказывать и есть ей следует за двоих. С другой стороны, из-за необоснованных страхов риска возможной аллергии резко урезается рацион нерациональными запретами на употребление орехов, цитрусовых, рыбы и морепродуктов, шоколада и других продуктов. Материнское ожирение, материнское недоедание и гестационный сахарный диабет ассоциированы с осложнениями беременности и негативными последствиями для здоровья детей. Беременные женщины с ожирением (с перееданием в результате избыточного потребления энергии) могут в то же время испытывать дефицит целого ряда нутриентов, обусловленный употреблением пищи с недостаточным содержанием микронутриентов. Дефицит микронутриентов и избыточная масса тела или ожирение могут накладываться друг на друга, что усиливает риск развития трансгенерационных неинфекционных заболеваний. Статья представляет собой попытку систематизации современных представлений об организации безопасного и полезного питания беременной. Pregnancy causes trembling sensations and sometimes confusion regarding lifestyle, including approaches to nutrition, which is expressed in the diametrical scattering of proposals and recommendations in open sources of information. On the one hand, ordinary people believe that a pregnant woman should not be denied anything, and that she should eat for two. On the other hand, due to unfounded fears of the risk of possible allergies, the diet is sharply reduced by irrational bans on the consumption of nuts, citrus fruits, fish and seafood, chocolate and coffee. Maternal obesity, maternal malnutrition, and gestational diabetes mellitus are associated with pregnancy complications and negative health outcomes in children. Obese pregnant women (overeating due to excess energy intake) may at the same time be deficient in a number of nutrients due to consumption of micronutrient deficient foods. Micronutrient deficiencies and overweight or obesity may overlap, increasing the risk of developing transgenerational noncommunicable diseases. The article is an attempt to systematize modern ideas about the organization of safe and healthy nutrition for a pregnant woman.
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Garrido Garrido, Julián. "Verdad como correspondencia con los hechos." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 24, no. 71 (1992): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1992.845.
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The idea of truth as a correspondence between statements and facts which can be proved by observation, although intuitively plausiblebased on examples such as "this chalk is white"-, is vague-because the relation between statements and facts can be neither strictly physical as the relations between facts, nor argumentative as the relations between statements. This is an idea hard to give up in everyday practice, but also difficult to accept theoretically. It may however, be asumed as an hypothesis, so that its vagueness could be diminished with a critical analysis. Truth as a correspondence concems only to empirical truth and not to the remaining kinds of truth (logical, definitional and mathematical) that scientific knowledge implies. The correspondence between empirical truths and facts can be direct or undirect. Theoretical principles, experimentallaws and data are undirectly related to facts through predictions of observable evidences. The latteratomic statements which relate objects to observable properties-are the only ones which can adequately be directly related to facts, as their demonstration calls only for observation. The correspondence between true observable evidences and facts is not bijective. The expresive contents of observable evidences are in a sense defective and in another sense excessive with regard to the observed situations or to the facts which allow its verification. First of all, the observable evidences tell us about partial aspects of facts or observed situations. The same situation which confirms the statement: "This is white", could confirm many other observable evidences as: "this is a chalk", "this chalk is white", "this chalk stains", "this chalk is heavy", "this chalk is opaque" or "this chalk is smooth". Secondly, the observable evidences tell us about common aspects between the fact or the observed situation and many other different facts or situations. When we stated "this is white" we are saying "this belongs to the set of white things", set whose extension is not unitary. In sum, the observable evidences are at the same time partial and general in relation with the facts, which are regarding the former complex and singular. Partiality and generality of observable evidences are interrelated as they are aspects of the abstract quality of the statements. Statements (abstract) and facts (concrete) are therefore completely heterogeneous.
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Lektorsky, V. A. "Does epistemology need to investigate empirical facts?" Philosophy of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-2-22-28.
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The author has investigated the discussion about the way of elaborating epistemological problems: is it necessary to preserve traditional philosophical problems and methods of analysis or it is better to give up philosophical ways of thinking and to begin developing epistemology as empirical science. The author defends the thesis that now epistemology is engaging in an intensive dialogue with cognitive sciences, that presupposes mutual enrichment and mutual criticism. At the same time epistemology doesn’t lose its normative function, as it a critically analyses the presuppositions of theories in cognitive sciences. In this connection the theory of social relay races bу outstanding Russian philosopher M.A. Rozov is being analyzed.
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Hafeez, Muhammad, Farrukh Saeed, Zafar Qureshi, Saad Ali Khan, and Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi. "CHRONIC DIARRHEA IN SOLDIERS; FACTS." PAFMJ 71, no. 2 (2021): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.4350.
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Objective: To find out the underlying causes of chronic diarrhea in soldiers and how it differs from general population.
 Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan and Pak Emeritus Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi, from Dec 2017 to Jan 2020.
 Methodology: All soldiers in active service, having diarrhea more than 4 weeks in study and non-soldiers of the same age were included in the control group. There were inquired in details about the diarrhea symptoms and investigations carried out accordingly to find out the underlying cause. The two groups were compared to find out any differences. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.
 Results: Seventy one in study and 50 patients in control had their mean ages of 34.61 ± 8.35 and 32.42 ± 10.28 years. Mean duration of symptoms were 18 and 15 months in study and control groups respectively. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was more common in both groups i.e. 14 (20%) and 20 (40%) in study and control groups respectively but frequency was more in second one. Seropositive celiac disease 13 (18.5%), seronegative villous atrophy 10 (14%) in study and Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD 6 (12%) in control group were second most common conditions.
 Conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome is common in this age group. Celiac and seronegative villous atrophy is second common conditions in the study group.
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Pavlovic, Aleksandra, Dragan Pavlovic, Vuk Aleksic, and Nadezda Sternic. "Vascular dementia: Facts and controversies." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 3-4 (2013): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1304247p.
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Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most frequent dementia after Alzheimer?s disease, and is diagnosed during lifetime in 20% of demented patients. Five?year survival rate in VaD is 39%, while it is estimated to be 75% in healthy persons of the same age. It is therefore important to make correct diagnosis of VaD early in the course of the disease. Risk factors for VaD are identical to stroke risk factors, and there are significant possibilities for the prevention of vascular cognitive decline. Cognitive decline develops acutely or step?by?step within three months after stroke, but more gradual progression of intellectual decline is also possible. Neurological examination can reveal pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, pseudobulbar palsy, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. Neuropsychological profile comprises the loss of cognitive set shifting, decline in word fluency, verbal learning difficulties, perseverations, difficulties in complex figure copying, and in patients with cortically located lesions also problems with speech and praxia. The basis of the diagnosis is, besides history, neurological examination and neuropsychological assessment, computed tomography and/ or magnetic resonance brain imaging. Vascular risk factors control is the most important measure in VaD prevention. Modern guidelines for the treatment of cognitive decline in VaD emphasize that donepezil can be useful in the improvement of cognitive status at the level of Class IIa recommendation at the level of evidence A, while memantine may be useful in patients with mixed VaD and Alzheimer?s disease dementia.
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Kaswii, Violet, and Michael Juma Saulo. "Voltage Profile Improvement with Combined UPFC and IPFC Facts Devices: A Review." Multidisciplinary Journal of Technical University of Mombasa 1, no. 1 (2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48039/mjtum.v1i1.13.
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The interline power flow controller (IPFC) and the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are both advanced types of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). These devices can provide the power system with control of voltage, and that of real and reactive power. This paper reviews the literature on UPFC and IPFC FACTS devices in voltage control and covers two main areas of research (i) voltage control using FACTS devices, and (ii) UPFCs / IPFCs and their applications in power systems. FACTs devices are applied in modern power system networks for the purpose of voltage control while at the same time providing enhanced power system stability. Research has shown that their benefits in the long run outweighs their high cost especially when they are optimally sized and located in the power network. Moreover, in the planning of power transmission systems, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique can help in the incorporation of both the costs and technical viability. This approach provides techno-economic optimization and at the same time meeting environmental criteria.
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Majid, Asifa, and Falk Huettig. "A crosslinguistic perspective on semantic cognition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 6 (2008): 720–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005967.
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AbstractCoherent covariation appears to be a powerful explanatory factor accounting for a range of phenomena in semantic cognition. But its role in accounting for the crosslinguistic facts is less clear. Variation in naming, within the same semantic domain, raises vexing questions about the necessary parameters needed to account for the basic facts underlying categorization.
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Hetzel, Mechthild, and Andreas Hetzel. "The Distribution of Facts and Fictions." MedienJournal 37, no. 3 (2017): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v37i3.119.
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In our paper we discuss the political aesthetics of Jacques Rancière, specially his writings on the documentaries of the French director Chris Marker. In a first section we give an introduction to Rancière’s political philosophy, which explains political acts in terms of seizing the word by those who have no share in our societies. Such a seizing of words reconfigures the discursive regimes that decide who can say what and under what conditions publicly. In a second section we will show how Rancière’s aesthetical writings discuss works of art in a similar way as agents of a transfiguration of orders of visibility or sight. This becomes clear, as our third section will argue, in Rancière’s film aesthetics, especially in his essays on Chris Marker. Markers movies (for instance Le Tombeau d'Alexandre) focus on and at the same time complicate the boundaries between documentary and fiction; they allow us to understand a reality which is supposedly without alternatives as a result of human practice which always can be changed.
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Hetzel, Mechthild, and Andreas Hetzel. "The Distribution of Facts and Fictions." MedienJournal 37, no. 3 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/mj.v37i3.119.
Full textAbstract:
In our paper we discuss the political aesthetics of Jacques Rancière, specially his writings on the documentaries of the French director Chris Marker. In a first section we give an introduction to Rancière’s political philosophy, which explains political acts in terms of seizing the word by those who have no share in our societies. Such a seizing of words reconfigures the discursive regimes that decide who can say what and under what conditions publicly. In a second section we will show how Rancière’s aesthetical writings discuss works of art in a similar way as agents of a transfiguration of orders of visibility or sight. This becomes clear, as our third section will argue, in Rancière’s film aesthetics, especially in his essays on Chris Marker. Markers movies (for instance Le Tombeau d'Alexandre) focus on and at the same time complicate the boundaries between documentary and fiction; they allow us to understand a reality which is supposedly without alternatives as a result of human practice which always can be changed.
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Poplack, Shana, and Nathalie Dion. "Myths and facts about loanword development." Language Variation and Change 24, no. 3 (2012): 279–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439451200018x.
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AbstractThis study traces the diachronic trajectory and synchronic behavior of English-origin items in Quebec French over a real-time period of 61 years. We test three standard assumptions about such foreign incorporations: (1) they increase in frequency; (2) they originate as code-switches and are gradually integrated into recipient-language grammar; and (3) the processes underlying code-switching and borrowing are the same. Results do not support the assumptions. Few other-language items persist, let alone increase. Linguistic integration is abrupt, not gradual. Speakers consistently distinguish lone other-language items from multiword fragments on each of five linguistic diagnostics tested. They borrow the former, and code-switch the latter. Code-switches are not converted into borrowings; instead the decision to code-switch or borrow is made at the moment the other-language item is accessed. We explore the implications of these findings for understanding the processes by which other-language incorporations achieve the status of native items and their consequences for theories of code-switching and borrowing.
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Ivanov, A. N., and S. N. Kozina. "Facts to be Established in the Process of Investigating Offences Related to Violation of Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 10, no. 1 (2010): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2010-10-1-94-96.
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The article deals with the debatable issues of investigating violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules. The author specifies the role of the facts to be established and the place of the same in Criminalistics methods structure. The author presents an adjusted list of the facts to be established in the process of investigating the mentioned category of criminal cases.
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Tolipova, Ozoda. "THE ROLE OF FAIRY TALES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AND THE TECHNIQUES OF USING FAIRY TALES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL FOR MORE EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION OF THE LESSON AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN." MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2, no. 11 (2023): 221–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10085264.
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<i>In modern pedagogical practice, one of the challenges of modern school technology is to organize lessons more effectively and facilitate the learning process of children, while at the same time increasing the interest of the younger generation in learning. The main purpose of choosing middle class, children of this period remember better and faster and retain in their memory for a long time information, cases, incidents, faces, objects, facts, but not abstract definitions or descriptions. Younger schoolchildren memorize mechanically, without realizing the semantic connections in this material.</i>
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Mittelstaedt, Peter. "Explanation of physical phenomena by laws of nature." EPISTEMOLOGIA, no. 2 (November 2012): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/epis2012-002005.
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For an ‘explanation' of physical facts by laws of nature, we have to establish a relation between physical facts and laws of nature. It is an open question, whether the laws of nature govern the facts with necessity or whether the laws are related to the facts merely by supervenience. In addition, it is not quite clear, whether the known laws of physics describe only artificially simplified cases, e.g. isolated situations, or whether the laws of physics actually grasp real facts. Known solutions of these problems refer to situations where laws of classical physics are applied to phenomena of classical physics. However, if the same laws were applied to matter of facts of the domain of modern physics, then in many cases there would be no ‘explanation' in the sense mentioned. These new problems can be treated either by additional ‘interpretations' of the theories in question, or by a radical change of the ontological preconditions of classical physics.
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Colangelo, Giuseppe, and Marco Cappai. "The Long Road to a Unified Test for the European Ne Bis In Idem Principle." European Public Law 28, Issue 4 (2022): 487–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2022024.
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Although the significance of the ne bis in idem principle is undisputed, it has proven difficult to apply it consistently over the years. In the EU, the Court of Justice (CJEU) case law has long diverged according to the field of law. Notably, since Aalborg Portland and Toshiba an antitrust-specific threefold condition of idem (same person, same facts, same protected legal interest) has been developed, which was at odds with the twofold identity approach (same offender and same facts) established in Van Esbroek and applied to other areas of law, as confirmed in Menci. Against this background, in two recent seminal judgements (bpost and Nordzucker) the Grand Chamber has finally levelled the legal playing field, ruling in favour of a unified test shaped on Menci. Although the overruling is welcome, it needs to be accompanied by a careful elaboration on the conditions legitimating limits to the ne bis in idem principle.
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Fábregas, Antonio. "'Imperfecto' and 'indefinido' in Spanish: what, where and how." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 4, no. 2 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.4.2.3534.
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This article aims to providing the reader with an overview of the main facts and analyses about the syntax and semantics of imperfecto and indefinido in Spanish. §1 presents the main views of the nature of tense in natural language; §2 introduces the main distinctions and classifications of tense in Spanish, from a descriptive perspective; §3 does the same with aspect. §4, the core of the article, reviews the facts and the analyses about the famous <em>imperfecto ~ indefinido</em> distinction in the Spanish temporoaspectual domain. §5 takes stock of the facts in Spanish, and outlines some conclusions.
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Walker, Abby, Jennifer Hay, Katie Drager, and Kauyumari Sanchez. "Divergence in speech perception." Linguistics 56, no. 1 (2018): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0036.
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Abstract This paper presents results from an experiment designed to test whether New Zealand listeners’ perceptual adaptation towards Australian English is mediated by their attitudes toward Australia, which we attempted to manipulate experimentally. Participants were put into one of three conditions, where they either read good facts about Australia, bad facts about Australia, or no facts about Australia (the control). Participants performed the same listening task – matching the vowel in a sentence to a vowel in a synthesized continuum – before and after reading the facts. The results indicate that participants who read the bad facts shifted their perception of kit to more Australian-like tokens relative to the control group, while the participants who read good facts shifted their perception of kit to more NZ-like tokens relative to the control group. This result shows that perceptual adaptation towards a dialect can occur in the absence of a speaker of that dialect and that these adaptations are subject to a listener’s (manipulated) affect towards the primed dialect region.
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Ky, Paul. "Independent Medical Examinations: Facts and Fallacies." September 2009 5;12, no. 5;9 (2009): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/811.
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Background: Independent Medical Examinations (IMEs) have protected the rights of workers in the United States since the first laws protecting employees were established in the early 1900s. There have been many social advancements and a great collective struggle over the last 100 years that have ultimately lead to justice for the injured or disabled worker. Objective: We describe the origins of the IME as well as the evolution of both medical and social processes that have provided the legal framework for the correct practice of IMEs. This article will summarize the current medical principles, legal process, and social controversy embodying the modern IME. Discussion: Medical professionals must adhere to the same principles of impartial and ethical conduct that they uphold in general patient care when dealing with IMEs. Although previously controversial, it is now clear following successful litigation of many physician examiners that at least a ‘limited doctor-patient relationship’ is created during an IME. Limitations: The limitations of this manuscript include a paucity of the literature, lack of IME updates, and certain conflicts with guidelines by various organizations. Conclusion: IMEs represent a valuable mechanism for determining alleged impairment and/or disability. In the current economic environment of declining reimbursement to physicians, IMEs exist outside the scope of traditional payment methods and offer competitive compensation. Key words: Independent Medical Examination, disability, impairment, worker’s compensation, injured worker, disabled worker, doctor-patient relationship
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Lamberov, Lev D. "THREE ABSENT FACTS OF MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURALISM." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2022): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2022-3-389-398.
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The mathematical structuralism of M. Resnik is a possible solution to the problems posed by P. Benacerraf for any adequate philosophy of mathematics. In the paper, the epistemological part of the concept is briefly outlined, and it is shown how, according to M. Resnik, we can obtain the knowledge of mathematical objects by disregarding the perceptual data. The ontological part, according to which con-sistency is taken as a criterion of existence, is also considered. To understand positions, M. Resnik uses the metaphor of a geometrical point. Thus, positions cannot be compared with one another in case they belong to different structures just as points cannot be individuated in case they do not belong to the same plane. Mathematical structures can be in relations of congruence, occurrence, and definitional equiva-lence, but there is no identity relation for them since the positions of the structures do not necessarily co-incide. In addition, the paper compares M. Resnik’s conception of structural relativity with W.V.O. Quine’s ontological relativity. From the conception of structural relativity naturally follows what can be called the doctrine of three types of absent facts. Each type of absent facts is explained separately, then it is demonstrated that some interpretations of P. Benacerraf’s identification problem are incorrect. Keywords: mathematical structuralism, mathematical object, structure, identity, ontological relativity.
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Yip, Jack. "Truthmaking as an Account of How Grounding Facts Hold." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 29, no. 2 (2015): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2015-290203.
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Abstract Grounding, as a way to articulate ontological dependence, faces the problem of what grounds grounding facts themselves (such as the fact that the singleton of Socrates is grounded in Socrates). This problem stems from the need to account for the holding of grounding facts, which generates the hierarchical structure of ontological dependence. Within the grounding framework, grounding facts are either ungrounded or grounded. I will first argue that neither option can provide us with a satisfactory account. The main reason is that non-fundamental entities have to be counted as fundamental or involved in the essences of fundamental entities in order for either of the two options to work-the non-fundamental is being smuggled into the fundamental. My suggestion is to appeal to the notion of truthmaking and tackle the problem about the holding of grounding facts outside the grounding framework|-instead of asking what grounds grounding facts, I ask what makes grounding claims true. Truthmaking is a prima facie relation holding between the representational and the non-representational such that the latter makes the former true. With the principle 'if hpi is true, then it is a fact that p,' we can account for the holding of grounding facts in a derivative sense. As a proposition contains the information about its truthmaker, the nature of grounding claims will tell us how grounding facts hold. I accept a realm of concepts which make up propositions (which might be needed already if there are propositions and propositions are compositional). These concepts will act as part of the truthmaker for grounding claims (in addition to the non-conceptual fundamental entities)-the concept of the ground must figure in the concept of the grounded. For a concept to figure in another, it is to be involved in the constitutive essence of the latter (analogous to Kit Fine's idea that the ground of a grounded entity figures in the essence of the grounded entity). This account will not smuggle anything non-fundamental into the fundamental realm. The implication is that ontological dependence stems from our different kinds of conceptualisations (perhaps of the same stuff, as in the concepts of water and H2O), which justifies metaphysicians' armchair method.
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Kroitor, V. A. "Juridical facts in housing law." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 107, no. 4 (2024): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2024.4.05.
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The article is focused on defining specific features of juridical facts in housing law. The relevance of the research topic is stipulated by modern challenges, in particular, military actions. Thus, there are new legal relations regarding compensation for destroyed housing, in regard to internal displacement. These juridical facts require separate scientific research in the field of housing law. The purpose of the article is to define juridical facts of housing law considering modern challenges. Achieving the research purpose became possible through the usage of a set of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, in particular, the dialectical, axiological, structural and logical, formal and legal methods were used. Juridical facts in the field of housing law are the dynamic legal category that is constantly being changed and updated under the influence of various external factors. Juridical fact related to the technical conditions of housing is of particular importance among them. Recognition of housing as uninhabitable serves as the basis for terminating legal relations related to ownership or residence and at the same time becomes a legal-based fact for realizing the rights to compensation, replacement, etc. It is especially relevant in terms of the martial law, when destruction of housing due to hostilities acts as a juridical fact that terminates the right to ownership or residence because of destruction, damage or loss of fitness for usage. As a result, new legal relations are formed, which are aimed at restoring housing rights, receiving compensation or providing new housing. It is worth noting that terminating and legal-based juridical facts in housing law are closely interrelated that determines their systemic interaction. It has been emphasized that specific feature of juridical facts in housing law is stipulated by the fact that a set of juridical facts is necessary in most cases for their emergence and termination. Thus, both the termination and emergence of housing legal relations are conditioned by the presence of a juridical fact of moving in or eviction from housing. The fact of moving in is the confirmation of the emergence of housing legal relations. The termination of housing legal relations is accompanied by the juridical fact of eviction from housing.
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Anatoliy, Kostruba. "The Notion and Attributes of Right – Terminating Legal Facts." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 1(39) (2019): 254–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708376.
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The paper shows that the basis for the formation of the right-terminating legal facts is laid by the understanding of what should be included in the domain of these facts. The authors demonstrate that the target for understanding the nature of rightterminating legal facts is the development form based on participation of the civilians in the legal relations. As the basis, the authors highlight the civil property legal relations. The paper underlines that the need for this emerges only in case the necessary environment is formed, which strives for self-realization and integrity, contributing to the higher integration of the state into the international structures and increase in the life quality of the population due to the increase in its legal culture. The novelty of the research is defined by the authors in the fact that they have first taken the measures aimed at the general regulation of the legal standards and systemic values of the legal culture of the country. It is noted that the same measures and forms are applied in the developed countries of the European Union. The authors include into the formation of integral environment the perceptions of the legal sources by the population, as well as define the possibility of stratification of the earlier set tasks on the regulation of the forms and methods of the civilians’ participation in court sessions.
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Munawaroh, Siti, Sri Mulyati, and Suhendri Suhendri. "Scandinavian Legal Realism in Two Criminal Convictions of The Same Thing." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 3, no. 1 (2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v3i1.188.
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Human life is regulated and will never be separated from the provisions of binding regulations. Binding rules or norms in human life have the purpose of creating order, justice, and public welfare. The paradigm of legal positivism has always relied on the logic and validation of the ruler which makes people think that the ruler is the only law. This is strongly criticized by legal realists. The interesting thing about legal realism is the view that law must depart from the study of facts. American legal realism states that a judge decides something based on his personal preferences, and then makes a legal analysis to justify the expected outcome. This is different from legal realism in Scandinavia, which is based on logical positivism that developed in the modern era. Legal realism in Scandinavia intends to make legal science more scientific. Criticisms of legal realism include: legal realism presents the law only as a tool for resolving disputes on a case by case basis, there is no need for legal certainty because the approach is very casuistic so that judge’s understanding of cases can vary widely. Using legal studies approach, be expected that it can provide an overview of the problems that occur related to Scandinavian Legal Realism in the adultery case of SS with minors which is contrary to The Law of Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection in conjunction with Article 65 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. The judge's authority over the case is to give a verdict related to the SS case in accordance with positive law, the facts that actually happened, and the truth of the case that has been observed by the people involved and legal experts with the aim of maintaining order and protecting the community so that they always do the right thing.
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Bulicanu, Victoria. "The chronicle in opinion journalism. facts and interpretation." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Științe Economice și ale Comunicării, no. 2(11) (April 2024): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum2(11)2023_15.
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The diversity of genres of opinion in Moldovan journalism and the multiple possibilities of approaching events within the framework of journalistic opinion materials allow the examination of the genres and species of journalistic branches in new contexts every time. The article below examines the characteristics of the chronicle as a journalistic genre of opinion and observes the traditional but also the new valences of the chronicle texts. At the same time, in the materials presented in the article below are proposed examples of chronicle texts with the analysis of their specifics in order to observe the mandatory and necessary elements of the chronicle, according to the specifics of the genre, as well as the identification of those characteristics that will not be found in other opinion texts.
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Zhang, Zheng. "The Application Path of the Rule of Presumption of Evidence in Maritime Administrative Cases." International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration 4, no. 3 (2024): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijsspa.v4n3.05.
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Article 35 of the Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates the rules for presumption of evidence in handling maritime administrative cases, which is a clear legal provision for the reversal of the burden of proof. The parties involved need to bear the complete burden of proof. In the specific application of administrative cases, maritime police agencies should strictly focus on the three basic elements of the presumption basis, basic facts, and illegal facts of the evidence presumption rule. Article 35 of the Maritime Police Law is both a presumption basis and a judicial norm. Maritime police agencies need to bear the burden of proof for the basic facts of the destruction of evidence by the parties. After reaching the standard of proof that eliminates reasonable suspicion, they can infer that the parties have violated the law. At the same time, in order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the parties may refute the basic facts claimed by the maritime police agency or prove that the presumed facts of the maritime police agency are incorrect, but they do not demand a higher standard of proof for the basic facts than the maritime police agency.
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Caliceti, Paolo, and Pietro Matricardi. "Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010048.
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Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and tackle new horizons.
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Canova, Fabio, and Filippo Ferroni. "Mind the Gap! Stylized Dynamic Facts and Structural Models." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, no. 4 (2022): 104–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20200054.
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We study what happens to identified shocks and to dynamic responses when the data generating process features q disturbances but q1 < q variables are used in an empirical model. Identified shocks are linear combinations of current and past values of all structural disturbances and do not necessarily combine disturbances of the same type. Theory-based restrictions may be insufficient to obtain structural dynamics. We revisit the evidence regarding the transmission of house price and of uncertainty shocks. We provide suggestions on how to compare the dynamics of larger scale DSGEs models with smaller scale VARs. (JEL E12, E13, E23, E31, E43, R31)
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Turner, Stephen. "Collingwood and Weber vs. Mink: History after the Cognitive Turn." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 2 (2011): 230–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x582338.
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AbstractLouis Mink wrote a classic study of R. G. Collingwood that led to his most important contribution to the philosophy of history, his account of narrative. Central to this account was the non-detachability thesis, that facts became historical facts through incorporation into narratives, and the thesis that narratives were not comparable to the facts or to one another. His book on Collingwood was critical of Collingwood’s idea that there were facts in history that we get through self-knowledge but which are nevertheless objective, his account of re-enactment, and his notion of absolute presuppositions. It is illuminating to compare Collingwood to Weber with respect to these puzzling arguments, for the same issues arise there in different form. Recent work in social neuroscience on mirroring allows a different approach to these puzzles: mirror system “knowledge” of others and simulation fit, respectively, with Weber’s idea of direct observational understanding and Collingwood’s re-enactment account. This account allows for the detaching of historical facts about thoughts and action from narrative.
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Wu, Yangyu, Xu Han, Wei Song, Miaomiao Cheng, and Fei Li. "MindMap: Constructing Evidence Chains for Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 17 (2024): 19270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29896.
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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, they still face significant challenges in automated reasoning, particularly in scenarios involving multi-step reasoning. In this paper, we focus on the logical reasoning problem. The main task is to answer a question based on a set of available facts and rules. A lot of work has focused on guiding LLMs to think logically by generating reasoning paths, ignoring the structure among available facts. In this paper, we propose a simple approach MindMap by introducing evidence chains for supporting reasoning. An evidence chain refers to a set of facts that involve the same subject. In this way, we can organize related facts together to avoid missing important information. MindMap can be integrated with existing reasoning framework, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Selection-Inference (SI), by letting the model select relevant evidence chains instead of independent facts. The experimental results on the bAbI and ProofWriterOWA datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MindMap.It can significantly improve CoT and SI, especially in multi-step reasoning tasks.
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Liu, Xinliang, Lei Ma, Tingyu Mao, and Yanzhao Ren. "Temporal fact extraction of fruit cultivation technologies based on deep learning." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 4 (2023): 7217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023312.
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<abstract><p>There are great differences in fruit planting techniques due to different regional environments. Farmers can't use the same standard in growing fruit. Most of the information about fruit planting comes from the Internet, which is characterized by complexity and heterogeneous multi-source. How to deal with such information to form the convenient facts becomes an urgent problem. Information extraction could automatically extract fruit cultivation facts from unstructured text. Temporal information is especially crucial for fruit cultivation. Extracting temporal facts from the corpus of cultivation technologies for fruit is also vital to several downstream applications in fruit cultivation. However, the framework of ordinary triplets focuses on handling static facts and ignores the temporal information. Therefore, we propose Basic Fact Extraction and Multi-layer CRFs (BFE-MCRFs), an end-to-end neural network model for the joint extraction of temporal facts. BFE-MCRFs describes temporal knowledge using an improved schema that adds the time dimension. Firstly, the basic facts are extracted from the primary model. Then, multiple temporal relations are added between basic facts and time expressions. Finally, the multi-layer Conditional Random Field are used to detect the objects corresponding to the basic facts under the predefined temporal relationships. Experiments conducted on public and self-constructed datasets show that BFE-MCRFs achieves the best current performance and outperforms the baseline models by a significant margin.</p></abstract>