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Journal articles on the topic 'Samoan family'
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1
Vaa, Leulu Felise. "The Future of Western Samoan Migration to New Zealand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100206.
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The history of Samoan migration to New Zealand, a demographic profile of the migrants, and the future of such migration are discussed. Migration became a serious phenomenon after independence in 1962, with primarily young, unskilled workers moving to take up jobs in the agricultural and service sectors. Remaining essentially unchanged since 1962, New Zealand's immigration policy gives preferential treatment to Western Samoans and recognizes their valuable labor contribution. The future of migration to New Zealand is discussed in the context of the costs and benefits to Western Samoa. Contrary to some observers, the author argues that emigration has been beneficial rather than deleterious to Western Samoa's development and predicts the continuation of Samoan migration to New Zealand, Australia, United States and other countries, with increased emphasis on family reunion.
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Tamasese, Taimalieutu Kiwi, Tafaoimalo Loudeen Parsons, Charles Waldegrave, Richard Sawrey, and Allister Bush. "Asiasiga: a Samoan intervention to address the immediate mental health needs of Samoan communities after a tsunami." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219866321.
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Objective: To describe an Indigenous Samoan psychosocial intervention developed to address the mental health needs of affected communities in Samoa following a tsunami. Method: A partnership was established between Samoan therapists, Samoan Catholic pastoral workers and non-Samoan mental health clinicians, informed by Samoan concepts of self and wellbeing. The format developed for visits to significantly affected households was based on a Samoan cultural practice known as asiasiga and was carried out by pastoral workers, with daily group supervision and access to mental health professionals. Results: Household visits were offered to affected families in villages throughout southern and eastern Upolu and the island of Manono. There was a high degree of acceptance of the programme by Pulenu’u (village governance leaders) and family leaders and members. Conclusions: Mental health responses to the needs of Indigenous Pacific communities following a disaster need to be embedded in the values of those communities. The Samoan practice of asiasiga contributed to the high degree of acceptability of this programme. Partnerships with churches, schools and other local organisations are likely to enhance acceptability and participation. More research is required on Indigenous Pacific post-disaster mental health programmes.
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Schmidt-Vaivao, Dorothy Etimani, Genesis Lutu, Alisi Tulua-Tata, Marion Hannemann, and Diana M. Tisnado. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Educational Workshops for Breast Cancer Prevention and Early Detection among Samoan and Pacific Islander Women in Southern California." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 8, SI (December 15, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v8isi.2038.
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Background: Samoans experience among the worst five-year breast cancer survival rates in the U.S., largely due to late stage diagnosis. There is great potential for screening interventions to reduce cancer mortality among Samoans. This paper examines the effectiveness of a culturally and linguistically tailored breast cancer education workshop for Samoan and other Pacific Islander women in Southern California. Methods: Educational workshops were conducted in churches, homes, and the Samoan National Nurses Association office to Pacific Islander women. Effectiveness was assessed using pre- and post-tests. Selfadministered questionnaires queried participants about demographics, access, personal or family breast cancer history, screening knowledge and behaviors, and plans to obtain screening (n=495). Results: Participants were predominantly Samoan, with 57% reporting they were ≥40 years of age. At pre-test, half of the participants did not know how to perform Breast Self Examination (BSE), 40% never had a Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and 30% never had a mammogram. Less than 40% reported having a mammogram in the past two years. At post-test, 98% reported increased knowledge. Older women were more likely to report plans for screening at post-test. Conclusions: Health educators in Samoan and other Pacific Islander communities must recognize and appropriately address screening barriers such as cultural beliefs and lack of knowledge, and should consider working with important institutions such as the church.
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Beissel, Adam S. "Transnational Corporations of Football Kin: Migration, Labor Flow, and the American Samoa MIRAB Economy." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 1 (August 9, 2019): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867684.
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In the U.S. territory of American Samoa, gridiron football has emerged as an important driver of a stock-flow relationship in which the stock of overseas-resident migrant athletic laborers sustains the flow of remittances to their extended family in their homeland. Within this article, I consider the significance of gridiron football within American Samoa’s MIRAB ( Migration, Remittances, Aid and Bureaucracy) economy, a model of Pacific Island microeconomies characterized by migration, remittances, foreign aid, and public bureaucracy. Based on a series of personal interviews with high school football players between the ages of 15 and 18 years on the Eastern football team squad, as well as more than a dozen coaches, parents, educator, and directors associated with the production of American Samoan High School football ( n = 60), I critically examine the social, cultural, and economic determinants involved in the collective decision-making process of footballers to emigrate to the U.S. mainland. I find that family units in the American Samoa operate as, to rephrase Bertram and Watters, transnational corporations of football kin, working collectively to develop and train skilled football laborers toward the accumulation of various forms of economic and social remittances for the benefit of the individual and extended family unit. More broadly, gridiron football in American Samoa produces a stock-flow relationship whereby a stock of Samoan gridiron footballers migrates to U.S. colleges and universities to support the flow of remittances and aid that sustains the island’s MIRAB economy.
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Ofahengaue Vakalahi, Halaevalu F., and Meripa T. Godinet. "Family and Culture, and the Samoan Youth." Journal of Family Social Work 11, no. 3 (August 28, 2008): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10522150802292319.
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Ermilov, Sergey G., and Stefan Friedrich. "To the knowledge of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Samoa." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.1.9.
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A new species of oribatid mites of the family Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida) is described from Samoa; Pergalumna enricoi sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna foveolata Hammer, 1973 by the elongate oval, transversely oriented notogastral porose areas Aa and heavily tuberculate prodorsum. An identification key to the known species of the genus Pergalumna from the Australian region is presented. A list of oribatid mite taxa of the Samoan Islands, including 77 species/subspecies from 56 genera and 29 families, is provided.
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Godinet, Meripa T. "Testing a model of delinquency with Samoan adolescents." Journal of Social Work 13, no. 1 (July 29, 2011): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017311409790.
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• Summary: This study uses an integrative framework that includes various theories on delinquency to explain the relative contribution of factors on delinquency among Samoan adolescents and their overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Some 275 Samoan adolescents were recruited for the study from the states of Hawaii and Washington. Structural equation modeling was employed for the analysis. • Findings: Two models were analyzed. One model tested all the factors regardless of economic status. The full model fits the data well. The other model utilized economic conditions as a moderating factor (multigroup model). The multigroup invariance shows that the measurement model appears to fit better with the higher income group rather than the lower income group. The results suggest that while acculturative stress has a direct impact on delinquency, family cohesion can be a deterrent to high acculturative stress on delinquency particularly for the higher income group. The major hypothesis was confirmed by the data to show that there was a predictive relationship between involvement with antisocial peers and delinquency, and prosocial peers and no delinquency. However, it varied by income group. The higher income group showed a stronger predictive relationship of the involvement with prosocial peers and low delinquency. • Applications: Given the results, it is imperative for social workers to understand the impact of acculturation on family members and their family functioning. A better understanding of culture and how it operates within a family as well as an understanding of cultural identity is an important part of service to Samoan families.
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Chang Wai, Kuinileti, C. Raina Elley, Vili Nosa, John Kennelly, Thusitha Mabotuwana, and Jim Warren. "Perspectives on adherence to blood pressure–lowering medications among Samoan patients: qualitative interviews." Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 3 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10217.
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AIM: To explore influences on adherence to taking long-term medications among Samoan patients in an Auckland general practice. METHODS: Twenty Samoan participants from an Auckland general practice were identified and interviewed about their views on adherence or non-adherence to taking blood pressure–lowering medications. One-to-one semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions were undertaken in Samoan and English, recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Transcriptions were examined by two researchers to identify themes. FINDINGS: Patients with ‘high’ and ‘lower’ rates of adherence to taking usual medication were identified using medication possession ratio cut-offs from medical records of timely prescribing. Ten participants with ‘high’ and 10 with ‘lower’ rates of adherence were interviewed, including 11 women and nine men. Themes identified for those with lower adherence included ‘lack of transport’, ‘family commitments’, ‘forgetfulness’, ‘church activities’, ‘feeling well’ and ‘priorities’. Themes identified for those with high rates of adherence included ‘prioritising health’, ‘previous event’, ‘time management’, ‘supportive family members’ and ‘relationship with GP (language and trust)’. A theme common to both was ‘coping with the stress of multiple comorbidities’. CONCLUSION: Reasons for adherence and non-adherence to taking blood pressure–lowering medications among the Samoan patients interviewed were multifactorial and encompass personal, social, cultural and environmental factors. Interdisciplinary teams to support treatment decisions (including Pacific health professionals or community health workers), systematic identification of those with low rates of adherence, phone or text follow-up, use of church or family networks, provision of transport where needed and better tools and resources may help address this problem. KEYWORDS: Medication adherence; New Zealand; Pacific Islands; ethnic groups; qualitative research; antihypertensive agents
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Stevens, Devan L., and Sam A. Hardy. "Individual, Family, and Peer predictors of Violence Among Samoan Adolescents." Youth & Society 45, no. 3 (November 7, 2011): 428–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x11424756.
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Muaiava, Sadat. "The Samoan parsonage family: The concepts of feagaiga and tagata’ese." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps.3.1.73_1.
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Tiatia, Jemaima. "Commentary on ‘Cultural Diversity Across the Pacific’: Samoan Cultural Constructs of Emotion, New Zealand-Born Samoan Youth Suicidal Behaviours, and Culturally Competent Human Services." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 6, no. 2 (November 22, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2012.9.
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A recent special section on cultural diversity across the Pacific, in this journal, highlighted the need for greater alignment between human services and cultural diversity in the region. Alignment entails detailing a local context. Samoan cultural constructs of emotion, particularly anger and shame, may precede suicidal behaviours among New Zealand-born (NZ-born) Samoan youth. These behaviours can stem from perceived ruptures in family unity, as youth partly identify with majority norms. A barrier to integration faced by acculturating youth is that the young person either lives with the shame of their offence, or avoids it by taking their life. It seems Samoan cultural constructs of emotion must be considered in effective service delivery for this population. Consistent with the articles in the special section, suicide prevention should focus on developing culturally competent tools tailored for NZ-born Samoan youth, so they may communicate their feelings without fear of disrupting cultural prescriptions and expectations, as well as functioning successfully in both the Samoan and Western worlds. Although the point is discussed in relation to one special population in the Pacific region, it is consistent with an emergent theme in the special section and subsequent commentaries: the need to integrate and acculturate human services.
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Yeh, Christine J., Noah E. Borrero, and Patsy Tito. "Family and Cultural Predictors of Depression Among Samoan American Middle and High School Students." Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 41, no. 2 (April 2013): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2013.00030.x.
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Choy, Courtney C., Mayur M. Desai, Jennifer J. Park, Elizabeth A. Frame, Avery A. Thompson, Take Naseri, Muagututia S. Reupena, Rachel L. Duckham, Nicole C. Deziel, and Nicola L. Hawley. "Child, maternal and household-level correlates of nutritional status: a cross-sectional study among young Samoan children." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 7 (February 6, 2017): 1235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016003499.
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AbstractObjectiveYoung children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The present study aimed to document the prevalence, coexistence and correlates of nutritional status (stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia) in Samoan children aged 24–59 months.DesignA cross-sectional community-based survey. Height and weight were used to determine prevalence of stunting (height-for-age Z-score <−2) and overweight/obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >+2) based on WHO growth standards. Anaemia was determined using an AimStrip Hemoglobin test system (Hb <110 g/l).SettingTen villages on the Samoan island of Upolu.SubjectsMother–child pairs (n 305) recruited using convenience sampling.ResultsModerate or severe stunting was apparent in 20·3 % of children, 16·1 % were overweight/obese and 34·1 % were anaemic. Among the overweight/obese children, 28·6 % were also stunted and 42·9 % anaemic, indicating dual burden of malnutrition. Stunting was significantly less likely among girls (OR=0·41; 95 % CI 0·21, 0·79, P<0·01) than boys. Overweight/obesity was associated with higher family socio-economic status and decreased sugar intake (OR per 10 g/d=0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99, P=0·032). The odds of anaemia decreased with age and anaemia was more likely in children with an anaemic mother (OR=2·20; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·98, P=0·007). No child, maternal or household characteristic was associated with more than one of the nutritional status outcomes, highlighting the need for condition-specific interventions in this age group.ConclusionsThe observed prevalences of stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia suggest that it is critical to invest in nutrition and develop health programmes targeting early childhood growth and development in Samoa.
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Dickie, John, and Geraldine McDonald. "Literacy in church and family sites through the eyes of Samoan children in New Zealand." Literacy 45, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4369.2011.00574.x.
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Ewing, Lesley, and Costas E. Synolakis. "COMMUNITY RESILIENCE: LESSONS FROM RECENT DISASTERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 2, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.7.
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Resilience occurs at many levels, from global and national to family and individual. Community and local government efforts for resilience fit in the middle of this spectrum. Major community elements that are important both for minimizing vulnerability and hasten recovery include transportation, communication, water, energy, emergency services and housing. Coastal areas have some special concerns for vulnerabilities that can arise from coastal hazards such as tsunamis, hurricanes, storms, flooding, and erosion; lessons from recent coastal disasters provide recommendations for improved disaster management and community resilience. Resilience is not a one-time effort that can arise from a single approach; it is an ongoing community process, resulting from a combination of approaches. A Community Resilience Index (CRI) can help communities recognize their resilience strengths and opportunities for improvement. A “bare-bones” Community Resilience Index (CRI) has been developed based upon lessons learned from recent coastal disasters. The utility of the CRI is tested for recent community disasters at Galveston, Texas from Hurricane Ike, at American Samoa from the 2009 Samoan tsunami and at Pacifica, California from the 2009/2010 winter storms. Case studies will help identify additional CRI factors that will expand the focus of the CRI and improve overall community disaster management and coastal resilience.
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Walker, Adrian, and Richard P. C. Brown. "From Consumption to Savings? Interpreting Tongan and Western Samoan Sample Survey Data on Remittances." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400105.
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This article examines the findings of an analysis of sample survey data on the uses and determinants of remittances among Tongan and Western Samoan households. These surveys were undertaken at both the receiving and remitting ends of the process, and bring forth important evidence that remittances are not used exclusively for consumption purposes and play an important role in contributing to both savings and investment in the migrant sending countries. It also shows that remittances appear not to be driven exclusively by altruistic sentiments and the need for family support, but also, among some migrant categories, by the motivation to invest. There appears to be substantial scope for policy intervention on the part of Pacific island governments to increase the flows of remittances into their economies.
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Enari, Dion, and Byron William Rangiwai. "Digital innovation and funeral practices: Māori and Samoan perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 17, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11771801211015568.
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The COVID-19 worldwide pandemic has caused the world to stop. It has disrupted traditional funeral processes for Māori and Samoan peoples. Their collective ways of mourning were particularly affected, as social distance restrictions and travel bans meant they were unable to physically gather in large numbers. Despite the disruption caused by COVID-19, digital innovation has meant these groups have been able to remain socially connected, at a physical distance. This cohort has also been able to maintain collective interconnectivity with their family and friends during times of grief. Through the digital space, funerals are still able to be a communal time of mourning, support and comfort. As insider researchers, we present our stories, chants and oratory during times of sorrow, while centring our collective digital resilience.
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Bouslough, D. B., P. Biukoto, and S. Stracensky. "(A293) Critical Incident Stress Management and Mental Health Strategies after the 2009 American Samoan Tsunami." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002779.
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BackgroundTsunamis are infrequent but devastating natural disasters. Loss of life, livelihood, and property contribute psychological stresses to an affected population, resulting in new psychiatric illness.ObjectiveTo describe post-disaster hospital, Department of Human Services (DHS), and Department of Education (DOE) methods of mental health resource dissemination, and their effectiveness.MethodsA retrospective review of after-action reports, psychiatric clinic charts, and key-informant interviews over a 4 month period was employed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate data.ResultsThe September 29, 2009 tsunami claimed 33 American Samoan lives. Hospital Family Assistance Center counselors aided families in the identification of 12 corpses, 9 missing persons, and providing psychiatric referral. Fifty-four hospital staff suffered loss. (Loss of: transportation, n = 13; utilities, n = 15; homes/shelter, n = 2). Coupled with the stresses of providing post-event medical care, the hospital staff was at high risk for psychiatric sequelae. Debriefing sessions for hospital staff were poorly attended due to conflicting work responsibilities, and an unfamiliar discussion format. DHS assembled four teams, each composed of one psychiatrist/psychologist leader and 6 crisis counselors. DOE school counselors utilized DHS mental health teams to screen all school aged children. The hospital psychiatry clinic remained the definitive referral destination. Federal mitigation grants provided funding for two psychiatrists, and two psychologists (including pediatric specialists) to augment hospital mental health capacity. Screening statistics and prevalence of psychiatric disease are further reported. Six month post-event rates of persistent psychiatric disease reflect that reported in recent literature (1-2%).ConclusionHospital critical incident stress management requires culturally acceptable counseling methods and administrative support. Family assistance counselors are key players in identifying the needs of families of the deceased. Student counseling services and collaborative mental health teams provide a novel approach to the dissemination of mental health services within a community.
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Pupi, Darlene, Trudy Sullivan, and Kirsten J. Coppell. "The impact of living with type 2 diabetes: a descriptive qualitative case study with four Pacific participants." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 2 (September 29, 2018): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2018.915.
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Introduction: Diabetes is a common among Pacific peoples. The personal cost of diabetes is substantial with the indirect costs shown to outweigh the direct costs in some instances. The aim of this case study was to identify and describe the personal cost to four Pacific people living with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand.
Methods: Two Pacific men and two Pacific women with type 2 diabetes were recruited with the assistance of the Pacific Island Centre and the Pacific Research Student Support Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. The participants were interviewed (three in Samoan and one in English) using an open question approach. Appropriate cultural protocols were observed, and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Samoan interviews were translated into English. A thematic analysis was undertaken using an inductive approach.
Findings: Participants’ ages ranged from the mid-30s to 75 years. The two retired participants had difficulty paying their prescription fees and three participants considered healthy food expensive. Other costs included time off work and family members moving towns to take care of participants and their diabetes. Pacific community members provided time, gifts and money at times when participants were less well. At the same time, participants considered they had a role in educating their community about diabetes prevention. A diagnosis of diabetes triggered healthful lifestyle changes for one participant.
Conclusions: The personal cost associated with diabetes is broad and complex, with particular implications for roles and responsibilities among Pacific communities.
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Sabado, Melanie, Sora Park Tanjasiri, Sala Mata‘alii, and Marion Hanneman. "Role of Spirituality in Coping with Breast Cancer." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 8, SI (December 15, 2010): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v8isi.2039.
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The use of spirituality for guidance and coping affects the quality of life in many cancer survivors and their supporters. Previous research has focused on coping strategies among cancer and terminally ill survivors, primarily among White and African American women. However, the length and extent to which these strategies have been researched in a cultural and communal context, such as Pacific Islanders, is not documented. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore spiritual coping among a crosssectional sample of 20 Samoan women diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 of their supporters (family and/or friends) in Southern California. In-depth interviews were conducted retrospectively with survivors and their supporters by trained bilingual/bicultural interviewers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed (and translated where applicable), and analyzed using the grounded theory approach to identify major themes for each group. Results illustrated that spirituality provided considerable emotional and logistical assistance to both survivors and their supporters, with particularly churches playing a potentially important role in the development of social support programs for both groups. This study supports the use of faith-based communities as forums to increase health education and understanding the further use of spiritual coping for cancer survivors, family, and friends.
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Jennings, Juliet E., Marianthi Georgitsi, Ian Holdaway, Adrian F. Daly, Maria Tichomirowa, Albert Beckers, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Auli Karhu, and Fergus J. Cameron. "Aggressive pituitary adenomas occurring in young patients in a large Polynesian kindred with a germline R271W mutation in the AIP gene." European Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 5 (November 2009): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0406.
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ObjectiveMutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) were recently shown to confer a pituitary adenoma predisposition in patients with familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). We report a large Samoan FIPA kindred from Australia/New Zealand with an R271W mutation that was associated with aggressive pituitary tumors.Design and methodsCase series with germline screening of AIP and haplotype analyses among R271W families.ResultsThis previously unreported kindred consisted of three affected individuals that either presented with or had first symptoms of a pituitary macroadenoma in late childhood or adolescence. The index case, a 15-year-old male with incipient gigantism and his maternal aunt, had somatotropinomas, and the maternal uncle of the index case had a prolactinoma. All tumors were large (15, 40, and 60 mm maximum diameter) and two required transcranial surgery and radiotherapy. All three affected subjects and ten other unaffected relatives were found to be positive for a germline R271W AIP mutation. Comparison of the single nucleotide polymorphism patterns among this family and two previously reported European FIPA families with the same R271W mutation demonstrated no common ancestry.ConclusionsThis kindred exemplifies the aggressive features of pituitary adenomas associated with AIP mutations, while genetic analyses among three R271W FIPA families indicate that R271W represents a mutational hotspot that should be studied further in functional studies.
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Basrin, Fitriani. "PENGARUH SUBTITUSI TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis) TERHADAP MUTU KIMIA KUE SEMPRONG." Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v5i1.31.
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Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is one of the main fruit producing plants of the Moraceae family. This plant has long been cultivated by the people of Indonesia and even in several countries in the Pacific region such as Fiji, Tahiti, the Samoan Islands, and Hawaii, breadfruit has been used as a traditional staple food. The consumption of breadfruit is generally still limited as a snack and a vegetable and as an alternative food source, breadfruit is proven to have a high nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of wheat flour with breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) on the chemical quality of semprong cake or egg roll. The treatment design in this research on the substitution of wheat flour with breadfruit flour (Artocarpus altilis) on the chemical quality of semprong cakes, namely: P0 (100 grams of wheat flour), P1 (75 grams of wheat flour + 25 grams of breadfruit flour), P2 (50 grams of wheat flour + 50 grams of breadfruit flour), P3 (75 grams of wheat flour + 25 grams of breadfruit flour), and P4 (100 grams of breadfruit flour). The experimental design used was a randomized randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results of the proximate analysis test included moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate content, with an average value of 3.50% water content, 1.07% ash content, 26.97% fat content, 4.21% protein content, and 63.88% carbohydrate content.
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Garellek, Marc, and Marija Tabain. "Tongan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000397.
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Tongan (lea fakatonga, ISO 639-3 code ton) is a Polynesian language spoken mainly in Tonga, where it is one of two official languages (with English). There are about 104,000 speakers of the language in Tonga, with nearly 80,000 additional speakers elsewhere (Simons & Fennig 2017). It is most closely related to Niuean, and more distantly related to West Polynesian languages (such as Tokelauan and Samoan) and East Polynesian languages (such as Hawaiian, Māori, and Tahitian). Previous work on the phonetics and phonology of Tongan includes a general grammar (Churchward 1953), a dissertation with a grammatical overview (Taumoefolau 1998), a phonological sketch of the language (Feldman 1978), two dictionaries (Churchward 1959, Tu‘inukuafe 1992), journal and working papers on stress (Taumoefolau 2002, Garellek & White 2015), intonation (Kuo & Vicenik 2012), as well as the ‘definitive accent’ (discussed below) and the phonological status of identical vowel sequences (Poser 1985; Condax 1989; Schütz 2001; Anderson & Otsuka 2003, 2006; Garellek & White 2010; Ahn 2016; Zuraw 2018). This illustration is meant to provide an overview of the phonetic structures of the language, and includes novel acoustic data on its three-way word-initial laryngeal contrasts, which are cross-linguistically rare. The recordings accompanying this illustration come from Veiongo Hehepoto, a native speaker of Tongan currently living in Melbourne, Australia. Ms. Veiongo was born in 1950 on the island of Vava‘u (northern Tonga), but grew up and was educated in the capital city Nuku‘alofa on Tongatapu (see Figure 1). She moved to Vanuatu when she was 16 years old, and when she was 21 moved to Australia where she trained as a nurse. She continues to speak Tongan every day with family members (including children, who were born in Australia) and friends.
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Brewis, Alexandra A., Stephen T. McGarvey, and Nu'ualofa Tu'u'au-Potoi. "Structure of family planning in Samoa." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 22, no. 4 (August 1998): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01407.x.
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Iosefo, Fetaui. "Settling the Soul through Va' (Relational) Ethics: An Ekphrastic Review of Hinekura Smith's "Whatuora: Theorizing 'New' Indigenous Methodology from 'Old' Indigenous Weaving Practice." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29453.
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This piece is layered unapologetically with indigenous ways of being as the norm. From Fetaui’s bio, she aligns herself with Hinekura’s decolonization locale. The positioning of the author’s parents also connects and honours Hinekura’s mother who is instrumental in Whatuora. The migration of Fetaui’s parents from Samoa highlights the importance of our Pacific history and where our ancestors both Māori and Samoa traversed our Moana/Vasa(ocean). This migration and positionality is significant in aligning Samoa as respectful cousins to the land of Māori, Aotearoa, notwithstanding the birth place of her parents and of her ancestors bones in Samoa. Her chosen life partner and children are also named and her position within higher education is last. Our whanau/aiga (family) our whenua/fenua (land) are our collective priorities. Our academic credentials are ranked last.
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Villanueva, Melanie A., Carol J. Saunders, David Zwick, Laurie Smith, Darrell Dinwiddie, Emily Farrow, Neil Miller, Stephen Kingsmore, and Keith J. August. "An Unusual Presentation of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II (CDAII) Associated with Severe Anemia in a Patient with a Novel Mutation of the SEC23B Gene." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.990.990.
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Abstract Abstract 990 CDAII is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, anemia, hemolysis, hepatosplenomegaly and morphologic abnormalities. While rare, more than 300 cases of CDAII have been described worldwide, making it the most common form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. In patients with CDAII, bone marrow specimens often demonstrate hypercellularity, erythroid hyperplasia and the presence of 10–45% bi- and multinucleated erythroid precursors. Generally, all patients will have a positive serum acid hemolysin test. The clinical picture includes a mild to moderate anemia and hemolysis with typical hemoglobin levels that range from 8 to 11 g/dL. In less than 10 percent of reported cases, severe anemia is seen requiring frequent red blood cell transfusions. Mutations in SEC23B are the underlying defect in the majority of patients with CDAII. SEC23B encodes an essential component of coat protein complex II coated vesicles, resulting in ineffective trafficking of secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Here we report a patient with a severe presentation of CDA II associated with a novel nonsense mutation in the SEC23Bgene. Our patient was born at 36 weeks estimated gestational age with IUGR and hypospadias. The family history included a brother born with severe anemia, severe hypospadias and hydrops fetalis who died at 4 days of life. Parents were of nonconsanguinious Samoan decent. The initial hemoglobin was 7 g/d; red blood cell transfusions were required on days of life 1, 10 and 15. Total bilirubin peaked at 3.3 and phototherapy was unnecessary. Now 20 months of age, he continues to be transfusion-dependent. Reticulocytopenia is pronounced with absolute reticulocyte counts consistently <20000/mL. Treatment with glucocorticoids produced a minimal increase in reticulocytes without a decrease in frequency of transfusions. Additional laboratory evaluation demonstrated mild indirect hyperbilirubinemia (1–3.4 mg/dL) that presented around one year of age, normal LDH and decreased haptoglobin. Bone marrow evaluation revealed dyserythropoiesis and reticulin fibrosis. Bi- and multinucleated cells were present and comprised 6% of the erythrocyte precursors. Exome sequencing was performed using Illumina hybrid capture, HiSeq sequencing and a full analysis pipeline. Sequencing revealed compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the SEC23B gene: c.53G>A (p.Arg18His) and c.1507C>T (p.Arg503X). The p.Arg18His has been previously reported in patients with CDAII. The p.Arg503X is a novel nonsense mutation that is expected to be pathogenic, likely resulting in nonsense-mediated decay of the mRNA. These mutations were confirmed clinically by Sanger sequencing and each parent was found to carry one mutation. Compound heterozygosity including a nonsense mutation in SEC23B has been reported to result in a more severe phenotype with reticulocytopenia, a finding consistent with the presentation of our patient. This case demonstrates that exome sequencing, with confirmatory dideoxy sequencing of the affected individual and the parents, can be a powerful new diagnostic approach in inherited hematologic disorders that feature genetic heterogeneity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hyttinen, Elsi. "Samaan aikaan toisaalla. 1910-luvun siirtolaiskuvaukset toisin kuvittelemisen tilana." AVAIN - Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen aikakauslehti, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30665/av.64262.
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Simultaneously Elsewhere. Imagining Migrancy in Early 20th Century Finnish Literature
The article discusses the functions of early 20th century Finnish language fiction on FinnishAmerican migrancy. The author suggests that fiction depicting migrant life served its contemporary readership as a utopic ”elsewhere” where mobility, gender and agency could be articulated differently from what could be done in literature depicting life in Finland. The argument is developed through readings of three reoccurring tropes articulating migrant subjectivity in fiction: the family (or, rather, its absence), the tramp and the urban housemaid.
From a transnational perspective, the article engages with, even if respectfully distances itself from, earlier research on FinnishAmerican migrant literature with its strong emphasis on reading fiction as representing reallife migrant. Instead, it is proposed that it might be fruitful to approach migrant literature and Finnish literature depicting life in Finland as a diffuse whole, where ideological investments are to an extent bound to locations but not explained causally by them.
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Gans, Lydia, and Corinne Wood. "Discriminant Analysis as a Method for Differentiating Potential Acceptors of Family Planning: Western Samoa." Human Organization 44, no. 3 (September 1985): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.44.3.7n4535h031186807.
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Golparvar, Ahmad, and Amin Hadipanah. "Diversity in chemical composition and yield of essential oil from two Mentha species." Genetika 48, no. 3 (2016): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1603101g.
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The genus Mentha, which belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Essential oil yield and chemical components of two Mentha species including Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. and (Mentha spicata L.) collected from three ecotypes in Iran were investigated. The essential oils of samples were obtained by hydro-distillation, and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A significant difference (p < 0.05) in oil yields was obtained from the aerial parts of two Mentha species. The essential oil yields were obtained from the aerial of M. longifolia, 0.62, 0.85 and 1.24 ml / 100 g dry matter identified in Ardestan, Saman and Kuhrang province, respectively and the aerial of M. spicata, 0.49, 1.02 and 1.54 ml / 100 g dry matter identified in Ardestan, Saman and Kuhrang province, respectively. Results indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) among the aerial for the main constituents in the essential oil from two Mentha species. The major constituents of the essential oil from the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Ardestan province were pulegone (31.21%), 1,8-cineole (23.01%), sabinene (6.76%), the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Saman province were pulegone (31.06%), 1,8-cineole (24.34%), sabinene (7.45%) and the aerial of M. longifolia collected from Kuhrang province were pulegone (36.42%) and 1,8-cineole (29.49%). The major constituents of the essential oil from the aerial of M. spicata collected from Ardestan province were 1,8-cineole (35.28%), carvone (30.71%), the aerial of M. spicata collected from Saman province were carvone (35.37%), 1,8-cineole (24.35%), pulegone (18.67%) and the aerial of M. spicata collected from Kuhrang province were carvone (41.51%), 1,8-cineole (25.95%). Generally, a comparison of our results with the previous reports suggests differences in the essential oil compositions and oil yield of the plant material could be attributed to genetic diversity in two Menthe species.
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Long, Don. "The ‘Other Samoans’ Frederic Koehler Sutter, The Samoans: a Global Family, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1989, 219 pp., US$34.95 (ISBN O 8248 1238 7)." Pacific Viewpoint 31, no. 2 (October 1990): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.312006.
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BERNAL, RODRIGO, SAÚL E. HOYOS-GÓMEZ, and FINN BORCHSENIUS. "A new, critically endangered species of Aiphanes (Arecaceae) from Colombia." Phytotaxa 298, no. 1 (March 7, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.1.6.
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Aiphanes argos is a new species of palm segregated from Aiphanes parvifolia, which is now recognized to be a species complex. Aiphanes argos is one of the few rheophytic members of the palm family, and is endemic to a small area in the Samaná Norte River canyon in Antioquia, Colombia, where it is critically endangered because its populations are threatened by the damming of the river for a hydroelectric plant. The epiteth argos is the name of the conglomerate that intends to build the dam, and is given to the palm as a plea for the conservation of the Samaná Norte River canyon.
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Wang, Panpan, Peining Wei, Fangfei Niu, Xiaofeng Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Meiling Lyu, Yuan Yuan, and Binghua Wu. "Cloning and Functional Assessments of Floral-Expressed SWEET Transporter Genes from Jasminum sambac." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164001.
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Sugar transporters of the SWEET family mediate cross membrane movement of mono- and disaccharides and play vital roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including sink–source relationship, pathogen responses, reproductive growth, and development. However, it remains to be determined how these transporters function in non-module plants of agricultural significance, given the evolutionarily diverse traits. In this study, we combined transcriptome analysis, rapid amplification of cDNA ends-cloning (RACE-cloning), expression profiling, and heterologous functional assay to identify SWEET genes that may have potential roles during flower opening and sexual reproduction in Jasminum sambac . During the anthesis, the floral organs of J. sambac express seven SWEET homologous genes from all four clades of the family. JsSWEET9 and 2 are significantly upregulated when flowers are fully opened, up to 6- and 3-fold compared to unopened buds, respectively. The other transporters, JsSWEET1, 5, 10, and 17 are also accumulated slightly at stage associated with fragrance release, whereas only the vacuole transporter JsSWEET16 showed small decrease in transcript level after anthesis. The JsSWEET5, a clade II member, is capable to complement yeast cell uptake on most tested sugar substrates with a preference for hexoses, while the clade I transporter JsSWEET1 mediates merely galactose import when expressed in yeast. Our results provide first evidence for further investigation on sugar transport and allocation during flowering and reproductive processes in J. sambac.
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Wirta, I. Wayan. "Pura Samuan Tiga : Perspektif Media Komunikasi Hindu." Widya Duta: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Agama dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya 15, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/wd.v15i1.1406.
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<p>The number of sect (Hindu religious schools) that developed in Bali in the past was feared by various groups would lead to religious disharmony. The formulation of the problem of this research : 1) Why did Samuantiga Temple as a medium of Hindu communication, 2) How did Hindus Use Samuantiga Temple as a medium of communication, and 3) What were the implications of Samuantiga Temple as a medium of Hindu communication. The research objective was to obtain the factors that cause Samuantiga Temple as a Hindu communication media, understand the use of Samuantiga Temple as a Hindu communication media and to obtain the implications of Samuantiga Temple as a Hindu communication media. The theory used attribution, cybernetics, sadharanikaran model and dependency theory. Data collection techniques were observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and library research, while data analysis techniques were: data reduction, display and verification.<br />The results of this dissertation study were as follows : 1) Samuantiga Temple as a Hindu communication media was caused by several factors, including : a) Theological factors namely knowledge and understanding of the divine aspects worshiped at Samuantiga Temple included the concept of worship of Śiva Buddha, Śiva Śiddhanta and Tri Mūrti. b) Socio-ideological factors, namely human thought factors regarding the structure of the community supporting the Samuantiga Temple consisting of Bali Aga/Bali Mula and Bali Apanaga. c) The historical and political factors of the power of the Bedahulu kingdom government, in line with the evolution of the level of progress of human thought in understanding God, d) The geographical and strategic location of Samuantiga Temple, as the center or center of the island of Bali so that it was easily accessible from all directions, e) Factors cultural preservation, namely the efforts of Hindus to maintain and preserve the adhiluhung cultural heritage, as a center for the application of the concept of Tri Mūrti worship in Bali. 2) The use of Samuantiga Temple as a medium of Hindu communication, including: the use of palinggih-palinggih, statues, pratima, site/pralingga Ida Bhatara as a medium of concentration of Hindus. The five gita is a complementary media stimulating the concentration of the mind in worship, while the </p><p>offering/upakara serves as a medium for offerings and purification.3) The implications of Samuantiga Temple as a medium of Hindu communication, included : Implications of strengthening sraddha and devotional services in the form of the strengthening of the Hindu beliefs of the Samuantiga Temple pengempon; the implication of Samuantiga Temple as a center for spiritual education; the implications of regulating the family recruitment strategy, namely how to anticipate household needs in connection with the cost of work in Padudusan and the implications for the security of Pakraman/customary villages and the existence of KahyanganTiga in Bali.<br />The findings of the research in Samuantiga Temple are : the Balinese version of the Hindu Communication Model, namely the process of delivering one's Vedic messages to others (Hindus) through the implementation of ceremonies yajña in the Balinese tradition, accompanied by bhāva and taste elements so that the sahridayata (common understanding) is achieved as the main goal to be achieved in the communication process, so that vertical harmonious relationships (parhyangan, palemahan) and horizontal (pawongan), was abstract, its communicantwas not limited to humans.</p>
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Samaai, Toufiek, Robert Keyzers, and Michael Davies-Coleman. "A new species of Strongylodesma L vi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa." Zootaxa 584, no. 1 (July 22, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.584.1.1.
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Strongylodesma aliwaliensis, a new species of Strongylodesma L vi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) is described from the subtropical waters along the east coast of South Africa. This species differs from both the type species, Strongylodesma areolata L vi (1969) and the two known South African species, S. tsitsikammaensis Samaai and Kelly (2003) and S. algoaensis Samaai and Kelly (2003), in the structures of the choanosome, length and morphology of the strongyles and colouration. The choanosome of S. aliwaliensis sp. nov. is divided into thick convoluted tracts, which may or may not form discrete chambers, the latter character first observed in Tsitsikamma favus Samaai and Kelly (2002). This structure however, is not unique for Tsitsikamma (Family Latrunculiidae), as evidence also shows that species of Zyzzya (Acarnidae) have a choanosomal structure reminiscent of that of Tsitsikamma (Samaai and Kelly, 2002). The choanosomal architecture of S. aliwaliensis sp. nov however, differs considerably from Tsitsikamma favus Samaai and Kelly (2002) in that the choanosome lacks the discrete honey comb-like chambers as found in T. favus Samaai and Kelly (2002). Thus, the convoluted tract morphological character as observe in Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov, Tsitsikamma and Zyzzya holds no phylogenetic weight; it is cross taxon like the axial compression of Axinellidae, Raspailiidae, and the desmas of Lithistids and therefore cannot be used as a character for inclusion of this new species within either Tsitsikamma or Zyzzya. The inclusion of the new taxon within Strongylodesma is strongly supported based on the presence of strongyles, the fungiform areolate porefields and structure of the ectosomal layer. Preliminary chemical analysis of the sponge has confirmed the presence of several pyrroloiminoquinone products, including makaluvamine I.
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Maqtari, Maher Ali, and A. B. Mohamed Saad. "Screening and Purification of a Chymotrypsin Inhibitor from Entrolobium Saman Seeds." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 15 (December 1, 2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol15iss0pp19-29.
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A chymotrypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from the seeds of Enterolobium saman (Leguminaceae family) by extraction with 100 mM phosphate buffer, heat treatment, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAEcellulose and filtration through Sephadex G-75. The final preparation appeared to be homogeneous by both chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses. ESCI had a molecular weight of about 17,890 and an isoelectric point of 5.8. ESCI inhibited bovine chymotrypsin at an inhibitor-enzyme molar ratio of 1:2. The inhibition mode of chymotrypsin inhibitor was competitive on bovine chymotrypsin. Investigation has been carried out on the complex formed between chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor by physico-chemical methods. An apparent dissociation constant (Ki) of 9.05 X 10-8 M has been calculated for the complex. This enzyme- inhibitor complex was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and a molecular weight of 43.000 was estimated for the complex. The inhibitor did not have any effect on other proteinases, such as papain, bromelin, elastase, α -amylase, trypsin and pepsin. The chemical modification of lysine residues indicated that –NH2 groups are not essential for the activity of ESCI toward chymotrypsin. The inhibitor was an acidic protein and was stable over a wide pH range of 2-12 and temperature range of 10o C-97o C.
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Tiatia-Seath, Jemaima. "Pacific peoples, mental health service engagement and suicide prevention in Aotearoa New Zealand." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-10-2013-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the engagement of Pacific peoples in mental health services in Aotearoa New Zealand and Pacific strategies for suicide prevention. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study involved 22 interviews with Samoans who had made a suicide attempt and/or had suicide ideation, were engaged in a mental health service. Findings – Narratives of mental health services and suicide prevention focused on issues of cultural competency, the importance of family involvement, dichotomous views of western and traditional beliefs around mental illness and the unsuccessful engagement of Pacific youth. Originality/value – This research argues that cultural considerations for Pacific communities are of paramount importance if mental health service engagement and developments towards Pacific suicide prevention strategies are to be effective.
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Connell, John. "Voyages: from Tongan villages to American suburbs and No Family Is an Island: cultural expertise among Samoans in diaspora." Journal of Pacific History 48, no. 4 (December 2013): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2013.857167.
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Hagelberg, E., M. Kayser, M. Nagy, L. Roewer, H. Zimdahl, M. Krawczak, P. Lió, and W. Schiefenhöve. "Molecular genetic evidence for the human settlement of the Pacific: analysis of mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome and HLA markers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1379 (January 29, 1999): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0367.
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Present–day Pacific islanders are thought to be the descendants of Neolithic agriculturalists who expanded from island South–east Asia several thousand years ago. They speak languages belonging to the Austronesian language family, spoken today in an area spanning half the circumference of the world, from Madagascar to Easter Island, and from Taiwan to New Zealand. To investigate the genetic affinities of the Austronesian–speaking peoples, we analysed mitochondrial DNA, HLA and Y chromosome polymorphisms in individuals from eight geographical locations in Asia and the Pacific (China, Taiwan, Java, New Guinea highlands, New Guinea coast, Trobriand Islands, New Britain and Western Samoa). Our results show that the demographic expansion of the Austronesians has left a genetic footprint. However, there is no simple correlation between languages and genes in the Pacific.
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Lindhe-Norberg, U. M., A. P. Brooke, and W. J. Trewhella. "Soaring and non-soaring bats of the family pteropodidae (flying foxes, Pteropus spp.): wing morphology and flight performance." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.3.651.
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On oceanic islands, some large diurnal megachiropteran bat species (flying foxes; Pteropus spp.) frequently use thermal or slope soaring during foraging flights to save energy. We compared the flight morphology and gliding/soaring performance of soaring versus non-soaring Pteropus species, one pair on American Samoa and one pair on the Comoro Islands, and two other soaring/flap-gliding species and one non-soaring species. We predicted that the soaring species should have a lower body mass, longer wings and, hence, lower wing loadings than those species that use mainly flapping flight. This would give a lower sinking speed during gliding, a higher glide ratio, and enable the bats to make tighter turns with lower sinking speeds than in the non-soaring species. We theoretically calculated the gliding and circling performances of both the soaring and non-soaring species. Our results show that there are tendencies towards longer wings and lower wing loadings in relation to body size in the gliding/soaring flying foxes than in the non-soaring ones. In the species-pair comparison of the soaring and non-soaring species on American Samoa and the Comoro Islands, the soarers on both islands turn out to have lower wing loadings than their non-soaring partners in spite of opposite size differences among the pairs. These characteristics are in accordance with our hypothesis on morphological adaptations. Most differences are, however, only significant at a level of P<0.1, which may be due to the small sample size, but overlap also occurs. Therefore, we must conclude that wing morphology does not seem to be a limiting factor preventing the non-soarers from soaring. Instead, diurnality in the soaring species seems to be the ultimate determinant of soaring behaviour. The morphological differences cause visible differences in soaring and gliding performance. The glider/soarers turn out to have lower minimum sinking speeds, lower best glide speeds and smaller turning radii than the non-soarers. When the wing measurements and soaring performance are normalized to a body mass of 0.5 kg for all species, the minimum sinking speed becomes significantly lower (P<0.05) in the three soaring and the one flap-gliding species (0.63 m s(−)(1)) than in the three non-soaring species (0.69 m s(−)(1)). Interestingly, the zones in the diagrams for the glide polars and circling envelopes of these similar-sized bats become displaced for the glider/soarers versus the non-soarers. The glide polars overlap slightly only at the gliding speeds appropriate for these bats, whereas the circling envelopes do not overlap at the appropriate bank angles and turning radii. This points towards adaptations for better gliding/soaring performance in the soaring and gliding species.
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MAGEO, JEANETTE. "No Family Is an Island: Cultural Expertise among Samoans in Diaspora. Ilana Gershon. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. 192 pp." American Ethnologist 40, no. 3 (August 2013): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12040_9.
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Ratnanindha, Dahayu, Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa, and Denny Irawati. "Mycelia Growth of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on 4-Wood Species from Leguminaceae Family." Wood Research Journal 10, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2019.10.1.26-31.
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Cultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) in Indonesia has not been developed yet, due to its low productivity. It happens because of the limited information of the good ways on cultivation Shiitake in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect the growth of mushroom is the media. In Indonesia, the information about the media composition by using various species of wood have not been found yet. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of using different wood species to the growth of Shiitake. This study used four wood species from the leguminaceae family, those were: Gamal (Glicidia sepium); Johar (Samanea saman); Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala); and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Those were used as the media by adding 12.5% (w/w) of rice bran and 6% (w/w) of CaCO3, and adjusting the moisture content by adding the distillate water to 65, 70, and 75%. Then, the media was put in to the petridisk (ø 90 mm) and inoculated with Shiitake mushroom. During the mycelia growth, the length of mycelia was measured every 2 days until fifty days, and then glucosamine content was analyzed. In addition, chemical analysis was also conducted to each media. The results showed that different wood species resulted different chemical content of media, except the acid soluble lignin content. The growth rate of mycelia was affected by the moisture content of media, meanwhile the glucosamin content is influenced by the moisture content and various species of wood. The best combination to cultivate the Shiitake mushroom was by using media made of gamal with 70% moisture content. There were positive correlation among the ethanol-toluen extracts content and the mycelia growth, however there was negative correlation among the hemicelullose content the mycelia growth.
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SAMAAI, TOUFIEK, VASHA GOVENDER, and MICHELLE KELLY. "Cyclacanthia n.g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." Zootaxa 725, no. 1 (November 15, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1.
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The new genus Cyclacanthia n.g. is erected in the poecilosclerid Family Latrunculiidae for the type species Latrunculia bellae Samaai & Kelly, 2003, and two further species, Cyclacanthia cloverlyae sp. nov., and Cyclacanthia mzimayiensis sp. nov.. The latter species are from the subtropical east coast of South Africa, whereas C. bellae has only been found further south in warm temperate Algoa Bay. Cyclacanthia n.g. differs from other Latrunculiidae genera in the ontogeny, morphology and structure of the mature microsclere, the isospinodiscorhabd, which has only three major whorls of projections as opposed to the four in species of Latrunculia du Bocage. Additional diagnostic characters include the presence of broad swathes of megascleres that diverge from the base of the sponge towards the upper choanosome, where they form loose brushes and the typical whispy reticulation of most Latrunculiidae. The ectosome is composed of a dense tangential layer of megascleres, an irregular palisade of microscleres at the surface, and a permanently encrusting habit. Cyclacanthia n.g. is the second new latrunculid genus recently described from shallow subtidal South African waters, following major revision of the family. The presence of species in four of the five known genera in the family, on South African coastlines, suggests a diversity hot-spot for the family in this region.
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CAIRNS, STEPHEN D. "Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific." Zootaxa 4532, no. 1 (December 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1.
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This paper discusses and illustrates the 23 primnoid species collected by the R/V Okeanos Explorer in the US marine protected areas in the central and western Pacific, ranging from the Musician Seamounts in the north to American Samoa to the south, and the northern Mariana Islands to the west (CAPSTONE expeditions, 2015-2017). In situ photographs are provided for most species. Thirteen of the 23 species are described as new, as well as two new genera. One new genus, Macroprimnoa, possesses some of the largest polyps in the family. A dichotomous key is provided to facilitate comparisons among the 27 species of Calyptrophora. An update of the abyssal octocorallian species occurring deeper than 3000 m is provided, increasing that number from 39 to 49 species. The character of the articulating ridge, found on the distal edge of the basal body wall scales, is re-evaluated, resulting in four genera having this character state, and requiring the description of the new genus Pseudonarella.
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Sørensen, Janus, and Vantsetti V. Murina. "The occurrence of two species of the family Priapulidae in Faroese waters / Tvey sløg av ættini Priapulidae á føroyskum sjóøki." Fróðskaparrit - Faroese Scientific Journal 57 (February 26, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18602/fsj.v57i0.79.
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<p><strong>Ú</strong><strong>r</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ak: </strong>Í greinini verður greitt frá tveimum djórasløgum úr ættini Priapulidae, <em>Priapulus caudatus</em>, Lamarck, 1816 og <em>Priapulopsis bicaudatus</em> (Koren and Danielssen, 1868). Tikið verður saman um navnasøgu, útbreiðslu og hvussu sløgini síggja út og hvussu kann skiljast ímillum hesi bæði sløgini. Hetta er fyrstu ferð, at greitt verður frá <em>P. bicaudatu</em>s á føroyskum øki. Í greinini er eisini ein greiningarlykil til eyðmerkingar av sløgunum.</p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract: </strong>In this paper we describe the occurrence of two species from the family Priapulidae in Faroese waters, <em>Priapulopsis bicaudatus</em> (Koren and Danielssen, 1868) and <em>Priapulus caudatus</em>, Lamarck, 1816. A list of synonyms, all known locations where the species have been found, a reference to a good description of the species and a general description of the distribution of the species is also given. A key to identify the species is also given.</p>
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Kishore, Medikondu. "Potable Water Defluoridation by Lowcost Adsorbents from Mimosideae Family Fruit Carbons: A Comparative Study." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 56 (July 2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.56.71.
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Fluoride present in the form of minerals, which dissolves in ground water and contaminates it. This paper deals with the mimosideae family fruit carbons are used for the removal of fluoride by the process of adsorption. The activated carbon was prepared by carbonisation of Enterolobium saman fruit carbon (ESC) and Prosofis juliflora fruit carbon (PJC) in muffle furnace and treated with 2.5 x 10-1M nitric acid and thermally activated in air oven. The activated carbon was characterized and chemical analysis was done by X-ray fluorescence. Batch experiments were carried out to establish the various parameters. The adsorption was examined by studying the impact of various parameters such as 1) initial concentration (1–7mg/L). Maximum (76 - 82%) removal fluoride concentration up to 5mg/L after this the removal percentage was low. 2) pH (5-9) higher removal percentages in neutral media. 3) Dose (1-7mg/L). After 4mg/L removal adsorption capacity was very low 4) time (10 min – 90 min). Maximum adsorption was observed between 40-60min. and 5) Particle size (45μ-150μ) 45μ sized carbon shows higher adsorption capacity (90.8 %, 80.2% for ESC and PJC). Recycling studies and regeneration of the fluoride loaded carbons were performed with 1.0 x 10-1 NaOH mol/l (72%), Na2CO3, KOH and 1.0 x 10-2 H2SO4 mol/l solutions (68-58%). Adsorption data fits well to Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherms and sorption kinetics Natarajan & Khalaf, intra particle diffusion model follows first order nature of adsorption. All experimental results were compared with the studies of commercial activated carbon (CAC) and comparative results indicate ESC and PJC shows 3 to 4 times higher adsorption capacity than CAC.
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Ríos Romero, Francisco. "Marcel Schwob, epistolario." Estudios Románicos 28 (December 19, 2019): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/377621.
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Un estudio de la correspondencia espistolar de Marcel Schwob, escritor francés (1867-1905). Se exponen y analiza la correspondencia familiar y profesional de este escritor con otros escritores y amigos de su época como Mallarmé, Valéry, Claudel, Renard, Gide, Stevenson. Parte de su correspondencia ha sido editada por Pierre Champion, Marcel Schwob et son temps y J. A. Green, Correspondance Inédite. Una determinada correspondencia fruto de su viaje al hemisferio austral fue publicada como libro de viaje con el titulo de Viaje a Samoa, donde encontramos las cartas enviadas a su mujer Marguerite Moreno. This article shows and analyzes the interesting correspondence that Marcel Schwob kept up with his family, friends and many writers with he stablished an epistolary relationship on account of his writing profession. Marcel Schwob had a relationship with the most prominent writers and artists in his time, between them, Verlaine, Mallarmé, Valéry, Claudel, Gourmont or Jarry; overall, it was an unrepeatable period for the literature and the art. It will make a special reference to R. - L. Stevenson because his works had an important influence on Schwob who considered Stevenson as a master. The letters sent to his family and to Marguerite Moreno, with he married and who stayed with him to his last day, present a simple man, a close person with daily worries and suffering from a serious disease.
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Handman, Courtney. "Ilana Gershon, No Family Is an Island: Cultural Expertise among Samoans in Diaspora. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2012, xi, 192 pp." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000686.
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SAMAAI, TOUFIEK, MARK J. GIBBONS, MICHELLE KELLY, and MIKE DAVIES-COLEMAN. "South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Lévi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." Zootaxa 371, no. 1 (November 28, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1.
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A recent major revision of the Family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) recognised four valid genera; Latrunculia du Bocage, Sceptrella Schmidt, Strongylodesma Lévi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly, from South Africa. The major diagnostic characters of the Family Latrunculiidae are the possession of discate acanthose microrhabd microscleres called acanthodiscorhabds, or more traditionally, “chessman” spicules, that form a dense palisade in the outer ectosome, a tangential layer of styles or anisostrongyle megascleres below this, and a wispy choanosomal skeleton of the same spicules. The sponge surface almost always has areolate porefields and short fistular oscules. This paper reports new Latrunculiidae from western and southeastern South Africa, including a redescription of Latrunculia biformis (Kirkpatrick). Four key characters, including microsclere ornamentation, spicule dimensions, colouration in life, and surface aquiferous features, define three new species of Latrunculia (L. lunaviridis sp. nov., L. microacanthoxea sp. nov., and L. bellae sp. nov.), two new species of Strongylodesma (S. algoaensis sp. nov. and S. tsitsikammaensis sp. nov.), and two new species of Tsitsikamma (T. pedunculata sp. nov. and T. scurra sp. nov.).
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Kundu, Madan M., Alo Dutta, Fong Chan, Viviana Torres, and Kayla Fleming. "Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor Training Needs Assessment and Competence Measure: An Exploratory Factor Analysis." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.25.3.113.
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PurposeTo validate an 80-item self-report measure, A Systems Approach to Placement: Self-Assessment for Students and Counselors (SAP-SASC), designed to identify critical areas of knowledge, skills, and competencies possessed by rehabilitation counselors in state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agency settings.Participants275 rehabilitation counselors from state VR agencies in Louisiana, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and tribal VR in Oklahoma participated in this study.MethodDescriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were utilized to validate the factorial structure of the SAP-SASC.ResultsEFA revealed a six-factor solution comprising professional competence related to the following subsystems: employer, health and education, client, social and contextual, funding, and placement personnel. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the six sub-scales range from .90 to .96. Counselors in this study rated themselves as having high competence in addressing direct job placement, formal education/skills enhancement, and family related needs impacting delivery of VR services.ConclusionThe SAP-SASC provides a useful measure of professional competencies required for VR practices. The six key competence areas of the instrument are essential for the provision of quality VR services.
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Fletcher, Stephanie M., Jodi Thiessen, Anna Gero, Michele Rumsey, Natasha Kuruppu, and Juliet Willetts. "Traditional Coping Strategies and Disaster Response: Examples from the South Pacific Region." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/264503.
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The Pacific Islands are vulnerable to climate change and increased risk of disasters not only because of their isolated and often low lying geographical setting but because of their economic status which renders them reliant on donor support. In a qualitative study exploring the adaptive capacity of Pacific Island Countries (PICs) across four countries, Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa, and Vanuatu, it was clear that traditional coping strategies are consistently being applied as part of response to disasters and climate changes. This paper describes five common strategies employed in PICs as understood through this research: recognition of traditional methods; faith and religious beliefs; traditional governance and leadership; family and community involvement; and agriculture and food security. While this study does not trial the efficacy of these methods, it provides an indication of what methods are being used and therefore a starting point for further research into which of these traditional strategies are beneficial. These findings also provide important impetus for Pacific Island governments to recognise traditional approaches in their disaster preparedness and response processes.