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Journal articles on the topic 'Samoan language Samoan language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

So’o, Ainslie, and Anthony J. Liddicoat. "Telephone openings in Samoan." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.23.1.06soo.

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Abstract Many studies of telephone interaction have concentrated on the opening sequences of telephone calls using the model developed by Schegloff (1968, 1979, 1986) using North American data as a starting point. This study uses this model as a starting point to examine telephone openings in Samoa. A comparison between Samoan telephone calls shows many similarities with Schegloff’s model, but also shows that some features of the interaction are culturally variable. These variations are primarily variations in the frequency and distribution of activities within the opening section, rather than a difference in type. In particular, Samoan telephone openings are typified by a reduced use of greetings, different types of phatic moves and less reciprocity.

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2

Cook, Kenneth W., Ulrike Mosel, and Even Hovdhaugen. "Samoan Reference Grammar." Oceanic Linguistics 33, no. 2 (December 1994): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623140.

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3

Haase, Martin, Ulrike Mosel, and Even Hovdhaugen. "Samoan Reference Grammar." Language 70, no. 3 (September 1994): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416519.

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4

Tualaulelei, Eseta Magaui, Fepuleai Lasei John Mayer, and Galumalemana A. Hunkin. "Diacritical Marks and the Samoan Language." Contemporary Pacific 27, no. 1 (2015): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2015.0007.

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5

Condax, Iovanna D. "Locative Accent in Samoan." Oceanic Linguistics 29, no. 1 (1990): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623203.

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6

Hovdhaugen, Even. "Phonetic Vowel Length in Samoan." Oceanic Linguistics 31, no. 2 (1992): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623019.

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7

Tamasese, Kiwi, Carmel Peteru, Charles Waldegrave, and Allister Bush. "Ole Taeao Afua, the New Morning: A Qualitative Investigation Into Samoan Perspectives on Mental Health and Culturally Appropriate Services." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 4 (April 2005): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01572.x.

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Objectives: The first objective was to develop a culturally appropriate research method to investigate Samoan perspectives on mental health issues. The second objective was to apply this to identify cultural values and understandings important in the care and treatment of Samoan people with mental health problems. Method: Gender-specific focus groups consisting of Samoan elders and service providers were facilitated by Samoan researchers in the Samoan language. Systematic analysis of the transcripts, adapted to the cultural context, were conducted in Samoan and later translated into English. Results: A culturally derived method, referred to as Fa'afaletui, reflecting Samoan communal values and familiar institutional structures within the community, allowed each focus group to come to a consensual view on issues discussed. The Samoan self was identified as an essential concept for understanding Samoan views of mental health. This self was described as a relational self and mental wellness as a state of relational harmony, where personal elements of spiritual, mental and physical are in balance. Mental ill health was sometimes linked to breaches of forbidden and sacred relationships, which could be addressed effectively only within protocols laid down in the culture. Additional stressors contributing to mental ill-health were identified as low income, unemployment, rising housing costs and the marginalization of Samoan cultural norms in New Zealand. Participants identified the need for a culturally based mental health service for Samoan people to address key cultural factors. Conclusions: The Fa'afaletui method is a new research method which is sensitive and responsive to Samoan cultural norms and is methodologically rigorous. Such an approach may be relevant for other Pacific Island cultures and other cultures, which have a strong emphasis on collectivity. The Samoan concept of self provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the mental health needs of Samoan people and a basis for developing appropriate services.

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Murray, Thomas E., and Conrad Wesselhoeft. "American English Loanwords in Samoan." American Speech 66, no. 1 (1991): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455446.

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9

Grossen, Bonnie, Nithi Muthukrishna, and Jaqueline T. Naidoo. "A comparison of the effects of text-based instruction versus standards-based instruction in the early years." South African Journal of Childhood Education 6, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v6i2.459.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a text-based (TB) English structured language development programme and a teacher-designed standards-based (SB) English instructional model. The sample of this study comprised of 500 Samoan children, in Kindergarten (K) and Grade 1 (G1), on the island of American Samoa attending eight different schools. All the children enter school with no English competence. Six schools implemented the TB Language for Learning scripted programme and the Read Well. Two schools implemented the SB instructional model for English language development (SB), and only one of these schools implemented the SB instruction in reading. The results of this study support the efficacy of TB structured language programme as compared to the teacher-designed SB instructional model in all language and reading skills assessed.

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10

Milner, George B., and Elinor Ochs. "Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village." Language 66, no. 4 (December 1990): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414735.

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11

Goldman, L., and Elinor Ochs. "Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village." Man 25, no. 1 (March 1990): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804149.

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12

Ellis, Juniper. "Tatau and Malu: Vital Signs in Contemporary Samoan Literature." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 3 (May 2006): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081206x142823.

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In two contemporary Samoan works, Albert Wendt's short story “The Cross of Soot” (1974) and Sia Figiel's novel They Who Do Not Grieve (1999), tattooing produces and proclaims the psychological and social place of the tattoo bearer. The tattoo signals the splitting or doubling of subjectivity, a mechanism by which the individual human subject is produced continually and repeatedly. The Samoan tatau creates not only Samoan subjects but also the English word tattoo and the French tatouage. Wendt and Figiel treat the production and movement of the tattoo in the Pacific and the world; they thus invite a cross-cultural critique of Lacan's theories of subjectivity, which present the tattoo as constitutive of the subject. Whereas Lacan's tattoo is disembodied and nonlocalized, Wendt and Figiel account for the tattoo's material and corporeal effects, its origins in Oceania, and its function in inaugurating a collective Samoan subject. (JE)

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13

Schutz, Albert J., and R. W. Allardice. "A Simplified Dictionary of Modern Samoan." Oceanic Linguistics 30, no. 2 (1991): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623091.

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14

Bochnak, M. Ryan, Vera Hohaus, and Anne Mucha. "Variation in Tense and Aspect, and the Temporal Interpretation of Complement Clauses." Journal of Semantics 36, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 407–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffz008.

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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the temporal interpretation of propositional attitude complement clauses in four typologically unrelated languages: Washo (language isolate), Medumba (Niger-Congo), Hausa (Afro-Asiatic), and Samoan (Austronesian). Of these languages, Washo and Medumba are optional-tense languages, while Hausa and Samoan are tenseless. Just like in obligatory-tense languages, we observe variation among these languages when it comes to the availability of so-called simultaneous and backward-shifted readings of complement clauses. For our optional-tense languages, we argue that a Sequence of Tense parameter is active in these languages, just as in obligatory-tense languages. However, for completely tenseless clauses, we need something more. We argue that there is variation in the degree to which languages make recourse to res-movement, or a similar mechanism that manipulates LF structures to derive backward-shifted readings in tenseless complement clauses. We additionally appeal to cross-linguistic variation in the lexical semantics of perfective aspect to derive or block certain readings. The result is that the typological classification of a language as tensed, optionally tensed, or tenseless, does not alone determine the temporal interpretation possibilities for complement clauses. Rather, structural parameters of variation cross-cut these broad classes of languages to deliver the observed cross-linguistic picture.

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15

Duranti, Alessandro. "Language and Bodies in Social Space: Samoan Ceremonial Greetings." American Anthropologist 94, no. 3 (September 1992): 657–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.3.02a00070.

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16

Duranti, Alessandro. "Intentions, language, and social action in a Samoan context." Journal of Pragmatics 12, no. 1 (February 1988): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(88)90017-3.

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17

Kernan, Keith. ": Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village . Elinor Ochs." American Anthropologist 91, no. 3 (September 1989): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1989.91.3.02a00750.

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18

MACAULAY, RONALD. "Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village. ELINOR OCHS." American Ethnologist 21, no. 2 (May 1994): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1994.21.2.02a00130.

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19

Grice, Martine, and Frank Kügler. "Prosodic Prominence – A Cross-Linguistic Perspective." Language and Speech 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309211015768.

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This paper is concerned with the contributions of signal-driven and expectation-driven mechanisms to a general understanding of the phenomenon of prosodic prominence from a cross-linguistic perspective. It serves as an introduction to the concept of prosodic prominence and discusses the eight papers in the Special Issue, which cover a genetically diverse range of languages. These include Djambarrpuyŋu (an Australian Pama-Nyungan language), Samoan (an Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language), the Indo-European languages English (Germanic), French (Romance), and Russian (Slavic), Korean (Koreanic), Medumba (Bantu), and two Sino-Tibetan languages, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min.

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20

Duranti, Alessandro, and Elinor Ochs. "Genitive Constructions and Agency in Samoan Discourse." Studies in Language 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.1.02dur.

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21

Collins, James N. "Samoan predicate initial word order and object positions." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 35, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-016-9340-1.

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22

COOK, KENNETH WILLIAM. "The empathy hierarchy and Samoan clitic pronouns." Cognitive Linguistics 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1994.5.1.57.

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23

Cook, Kenneth William. "The Cia Suffix as a Passive Marker in Samoan." Oceanic Linguistics 35, no. 1 (June 1996): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623030.

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24

Hess, Gretchen, Beth Woll, and Larry Boles. "Speech, Language, and Hearing Risk for Samoan Children K to 3." Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 13, no. 1 (March 2010): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136132810805335155.

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25

Beeman, William O. "From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village.:From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 6, no. 2 (December 1996): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1996.6.2.251.

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26

Starks, Donna. "National and ethnic identity markers." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.04sta.

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The New Zealand (NZ) short front vowels are often considered as a defining feature of New Zealand English (NZE), yet research which has considered data from both the Pakeha (NZ European) and the NZ Maori communities has noted slightly different patterns in the realisations of the vowel in the KIT lexical set in the respective communities (Bell 1997a, b; Warren and Bauer 2004). This paper compares the short front vowel series of NZ Maori students with that of NZ Samoan, Tongan, Cook Island and Niuean students and demonstrates how the NZ short front vowel series mark both similarity and difference across NZ communities. Our findings show that NZ Maori students have a greater degree of centralisation in their KIT vowel and a greater degree of raising of their DRESS and TRAP vowels than their NZ Pasifika counterparts. However, the manner in which the vowels raise and centralise distinguishes NZ Maori and Cook Island students from their NZ Samoan, Tongan and Niuean cohorts. The latter observation highlights problems with the pan-ethnic “Pasifika” label used to distinguish NZ Maori from other NZ Polynesian communities.

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27

Cook, Kenneth William. "The Samoan CIA suffix as an indicator of agent defocusing." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 1, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.1.2.01coo.

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28

Moala, Kalafi. "The case for Pacific media reform to reflect island communities." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i1.827.

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"The largest number of Tongans outside of Tonga lives in the United States. It is estimated to be more than 70,000; most live in the San Francisco Bay Area. On several occasions during two visits to the US by my wife and I during 2004, we met workers who operate the only daily Tongan language radio programmes in San Francisco. Our organisation supplies the daily news broadcast for their programmes. Our newspapers— in the Tongan and Samoan languages— also sell in the area. The question of what are the fundamental roles of the media came up in one of our discussions..."

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29

Forman, Michael L., and Alessandro Duranti. "From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village." Oceanic Linguistics 38, no. 2 (December 1999): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623306.

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30

George, Kenneth M., and Alessandro Duranti. "From Grammar to Politics: Linguistic Anthropology in a Western Samoan Village." Language 71, no. 3 (September 1995): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416223.

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31

Boggs, Stephen. "Elinor Ochs. Culture and language development: language acquisition and language socialization in a Samoan village. Cambridge: C.U.P., 1988. Pp. 272." Journal of Child Language 17, no. 2 (June 1990): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090001391x.

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32

Chang Wai, Kuinileti, C. Raina Elley, Vili Nosa, John Kennelly, Thusitha Mabotuwana, and Jim Warren. "Perspectives on adherence to blood pressure–lowering medications among Samoan patients: qualitative interviews." Journal of Primary Health Care 2, no. 3 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc10217.

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AIM: To explore influences on adherence to taking long-term medications among Samoan patients in an Auckland general practice. METHODS: Twenty Samoan participants from an Auckland general practice were identified and interviewed about their views on adherence or non-adherence to taking blood pressure–lowering medications. One-to-one semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions were undertaken in Samoan and English, recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Transcriptions were examined by two researchers to identify themes. FINDINGS: Patients with ‘high’ and ‘lower’ rates of adherence to taking usual medication were identified using medication possession ratio cut-offs from medical records of timely prescribing. Ten participants with ‘high’ and 10 with ‘lower’ rates of adherence were interviewed, including 11 women and nine men. Themes identified for those with lower adherence included ‘lack of transport’, ‘family commitments’, ‘forgetfulness’, ‘church activities’, ‘feeling well’ and ‘priorities’. Themes identified for those with high rates of adherence included ‘prioritising health’, ‘previous event’, ‘time management’, ‘supportive family members’ and ‘relationship with GP (language and trust)’. A theme common to both was ‘coping with the stress of multiple comorbidities’. CONCLUSION: Reasons for adherence and non-adherence to taking blood pressure–lowering medications among the Samoan patients interviewed were multifactorial and encompass personal, social, cultural and environmental factors. Interdisciplinary teams to support treatment decisions (including Pacific health professionals or community health workers), systematic identification of those with low rates of adherence, phone or text follow-up, use of church or family networks, provision of transport where needed and better tools and resources may help address this problem. KEYWORDS: Medication adherence; New Zealand; Pacific Islands; ethnic groups; qualitative research; antihypertensive agents

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33

Podmore, Valerie N., and Jan Taouma. "Transitions within the centre & to school: Research at a Samoan-language immersion centre." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 3 (November 1, 2004): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.0661.

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34

Reese, Elaine, Elaine Ballard, Mele Taumoepeau, Melenaite Taumoefolau, Susan B. Morton, Cameron Grant, Polly Atatoa-Carr, et al. "Estimating language skills in Samoan- and Tongan-speaking children growing up in New Zealand." First Language 35, no. 4-5 (October 2015): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723715596099.

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35

Burton, Robert S. "CULTURE AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT: LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LANGUAGE SOCIALIZATION IN A SAMOAN VILLAGE. Elinor Ochs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. vii + 255." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008846.

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36

Toloa, Meaola, Stuart McNaughton, and Mei Lai. "Biliteracy and language development in Samoan bilingual classrooms: the effects of increasing English reading comprehension." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12, no. 5 (September 2009): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802366465.

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37

Ballard, Elaine, and Sharon Farao. "The phonological skills of Samoan speaking 4-year-olds." International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 6 (January 2008): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549500802428202.

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38

Robinson, Peter. "Universals of Word Formation Processes: Noun Incorporation in the Acquisition of Samoan as a Second Language." Language Learning 44, no. 4 (December 1994): 569–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb00632.x.

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39

Pio, Fofoa H., and Vili Nosa. "Health literacy of Samoan mothers and their experiences with health professionals." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19026.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONPatient and health professional engagement is a crucial factor for the effectiveness of service delivery and the management of care. Low health literacy amongst Pacific peoples is likely to affect their engagement with health professionals. AIMTo explore the health literacy of Samoan mothers and their experiences with health professionals in primary care. METHODSTwenty Samoan mothers and caregivers living in Auckland were interviewed about their experiences when engaging with health professionals. Semi-structured interviews guided by open-ended questions were conducted with individual participants in either Samoan or English. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. RESULTSA key finding was the significance of the health professionals’ role, in particular general practitioners, in providing resources and information to participants. Many participants recognised their general practitioner as their primary source of information. The findings revealed the negative experiences participants faced while engaging with general practitioners and shared how this affected their ability to manage care. Themes about enablers of open communication with health professionals included mothers understanding their rights as patients and being acknowledged as an expert on their child’s health. Themes about barriers to open communication with health professionals included limited consultation time, language barriers, medical jargon, closed answers, power relations and the shame associated with not fully understanding. DISCUSSIONThis research can inform health care engagement practices with patients. This study is relevant to health-care providers, development of health resources, health researchers evaluating health-care communications between providers and patients, to inform culturally appropriate and effective health-care delivery. The importance of shared responsibility in addressing issues of health literacy is noted, shifting the focus to everyone involved in providing and receiving information and in making decisions and managing care.

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40

Odden, Harold L. "The Impact of Primary Schools on the Differential Distribution of Samoan Adolescents’ Competence with Honorific Language." Current Anthropology 52, no. 4 (August 2011): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660783.

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Fepuleai, Aleni, Eberhard Weber, Károly Németh, Tolu Muliaina, and Viliamu Iese. "Eruption Styles of Samoan Volcanoes Represented in Tattooing, Language and Cultural Activities of the Indigenous People." Geoheritage 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2016): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-016-0204-1.

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42

Hemsley, Gayle, Alison Holm, and Barbara Dodd. "Patterns in diversity: Lexical learning in Samoan-English bilingual children." International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 4 (May 4, 2010): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549501003721064.

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43

Dickie, John, and Geraldine McDonald. "Literacy in church and family sites through the eyes of Samoan children in New Zealand." Literacy 45, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4369.2011.00574.x.

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Garellek, Marc, and Marija Tabain. "Tongan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000397.

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Tongan (lea fakatonga, ISO 639-3 code ton) is a Polynesian language spoken mainly in Tonga, where it is one of two official languages (with English). There are about 104,000 speakers of the language in Tonga, with nearly 80,000 additional speakers elsewhere (Simons & Fennig 2017). It is most closely related to Niuean, and more distantly related to West Polynesian languages (such as Tokelauan and Samoan) and East Polynesian languages (such as Hawaiian, Māori, and Tahitian). Previous work on the phonetics and phonology of Tongan includes a general grammar (Churchward 1953), a dissertation with a grammatical overview (Taumoefolau 1998), a phonological sketch of the language (Feldman 1978), two dictionaries (Churchward 1959, Tu‘inukuafe 1992), journal and working papers on stress (Taumoefolau 2002, Garellek & White 2015), intonation (Kuo & Vicenik 2012), as well as the ‘definitive accent’ (discussed below) and the phonological status of identical vowel sequences (Poser 1985; Condax 1989; Schütz 2001; Anderson & Otsuka 2003, 2006; Garellek & White 2010; Ahn 2016; Zuraw 2018). This illustration is meant to provide an overview of the phonetic structures of the language, and includes novel acoustic data on its three-way word-initial laryngeal contrasts, which are cross-linguistically rare. The recordings accompanying this illustration come from Veiongo Hehepoto, a native speaker of Tongan currently living in Melbourne, Australia. Ms. Veiongo was born in 1950 on the island of Vava‘u (northern Tonga), but grew up and was educated in the capital city Nuku‘alofa on Tongatapu (see Figure 1). She moved to Vanuatu when she was 16 years old, and when she was 21 moved to Australia where she trained as a nurse. She continues to speak Tongan every day with family members (including children, who were born in Australia) and friends.

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45

Vine, Elaine W. "‘Hospital’: A Five-year-old Samoan Boy’s Access to Learning Curriculum Content in his New Zealand Classroom." Language and Education 20, no. 3 (May 15, 2006): 232–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500780608668725.

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46

King, Jeanette. "Book Review: South Pacific Englishes: A Sociolinguistic and Morphosyntactic Profile of Fiji English, Samoan English and Cook Islands English." Journal of English Linguistics 45, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424217701183.

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47

Lopez, Elaine. "Teaching the English article system: Definiteness and specificity in linguistically-informed instruction." Language Teaching Research 23, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168817739649.

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Many explanations have been offered for the widely attested problems second language (L2) learners experience with the English article system. One influential proposal from formal linguistics is the Article Choice Parameter and associated Fluctuation Hypothesis, which states that learners of English fluctuate between correct and incorrect usage by sometimes selecting articles on the basis of definiteness (correct for English) and sometimes on the basis of specificity (correct for Samoan). The current study trialled new instruction materials which taught specificity then measured the outcome with low-intermediate first language Chinese learners of English ( n = 50). Results show that learners who were taught about specificity did not perform significantly better than learners who were taught about definiteness (using standard teaching materials) or learners who received no instruction on the English article system. The low proficiency of the learners and short intervention period likely contributed to their difficulty understanding the complexities of article meaning. Issues also arose when developing instructional materials which were both linguistically-accurate and sufficiently simple for learners of this level.

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48

Blount, Ben G. "Elinor Ochs, Culture and language development: Language acquisition and language socialization in a Samoan village (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language 6). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xvii + 255." Language in Society 19, no. 4 (December 1990): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500014846.

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49

Gibson, Andy, and Allan Bell. "Performing Pasifika English in New Zealand." English World-Wide 31, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.3.01gib.

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bro’Town is a popular animated comedy whose language is that of stylized performance. It deals with the adventures of a group of five teenage Pasifika boys growing up in Auckland, New Zealand, and showcases performances of the Englishes spoken by Polynesian immigrants and their descendants. A range of varieties are performed on the show by a handful of actors. We analyzed several linguistic variables in the speech of three of the main characters — the 14-year-old twins Vale and Valea, and their father Pepelo. Pepelo produces high levels of the vernacular features of DH-stopping and TH-fronting, consistent with his biography as a second-language speaker whose pronunciation is influenced by his native language, Samoan. His sons, as second-generation speakers, have these features too but at lower frequencies. The twins also differ from each other, with the streetwise Valea, who is more aligned with Pasifika youth culture, producing higher levels of the variables than the studious Vale. Pepelo produces unaspirated initial /p/s, again a Pasifika language feature, while his sons do not. Linking-/r/, however, appears to index a youth identity but not adult immigrant status. We conclude that performed varieties can reflect the linguistic production of a community in their selection of specific features. The quantitative patterns can be quite variable, but here succeed in indexing salient identities for their audiences.

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Freeman, N. H. "Book Reviews : Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village. Elinor Ochs (Cambridge University Press 1988). Pp. xvii + 255. Paperback, £9.95. ISBN 0 52134894 3." First Language 9, no. 27 (October 1989): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272378900902736.

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