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1
Winterhoff, Ernest H. "The political economy of ancient Samoa : basalt adze production and linkages to social status /." Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6202.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-264). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Noa, Siaosi Ashalyna Sialataua. "Catching the Dragon's Tail: The Impact of the Chinese in Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4257.
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Contemporary Samoan society is a reflection of a number of different cultures and influences. As a result of several attempts at colonisation by the British, German and New Zealand Administrations the cultural landscape of Samoa has been influenced by many different groups and peoples. As a result of integration and assimilation into the Samoan way of life the Chinese have been accepted into Samoan society and have contributed to the development of Samoan culture and identity. This thesis explores the history of the Chinese in Samoa as a method of uncovering the true extent of the influence played by the Chinese, both as a people and as a nation, in the make-up of Samoan society. It uncovers the roles and impacts of the Chinese in the island nation from the first Chinese arrivals in the late 19th century, through various political administrations and into the present day. The thesis will illustrate the importance of the Chinese in Samoa and how they have contributed to, and helped to shape, the Samoan people, politics, culture, identity and economy. This thesis explains the importance of the Chinese in Samoa by examining important events in Samoan history in the past 150 years. Such events include the forbidding of Chinese settlement in Samoa through the Malietoa Laupepa Law of 1880, the establishment of the Chinese indentured scheme, and the ‘new wave’ of Chinese aid being poured into the Pacific, including Samoa, in recent times.
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Hoerschelmann-Schneider, Dorothee von. "Das Paradies wird missioniert : die alte Religion und das Christentum Samoas /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371876920.
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Siauane, Lona Laneselota. "Fa'aSamoa: a look at the evolution of the fa'aSamoa in Christchurch." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/899.
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What is the fa'aSamoa? Is it fair to just say the "Samoan Way"? This study aims to define and determine the significance of such an all-encompassing concept. The objectives of this investigation is to illustrate the evolution of the fa'aSamoa, from its "classical" model to a "variant" model practiced among the Samoan Christchurch community; yet, still be classified as the fa'aSamoa. This investigation aims to look at the institutions of the fa'aSamoa to highlight how change within the Samoan community is not only from "external" forces but also change has occurred from within the Samoan community. One of the objectives of this thesis is to highlight the different groups within the Samoan community, who have different needs from that of other members in the community. The transportation of the fa'aSamoa successfully to these shores has brought about an element of "togetherness" among the Samoan communities. Furthermore, the fa'aSamoa has evolved from the "Samoan Way" to a concept of traditions.
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Mayer, Andreas [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuchs. "Opacity of other minds, empathy, and 'mindreading' in Samoa : a Samoan case study / Andreas Mayer ; Betreuer: Thomas Fuchs." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177382695/34.
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Mayer, Andreas Frank [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuchs. "Opacity of other minds, empathy, and 'mindreading' in Samoa : a Samoan case study / Andreas Mayer ; Betreuer: Thomas Fuchs." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-156060.
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Kruger, Emma Lilian. "Samoan Speech Audiometry: Developing Word Recognition Materials for Native Speakers of Samoan." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2250.
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Hearing can be evaluated through the presentation of tones or speech. Speech audiometry determines an individual's speech recognition threshold and word recognition score. Traditionally these materials were developed using familiar, frequently used, monosyllabic words. Currently, there are various types of word recognition materials including those which use word lists, short half-lists, and materials which use sentences level stimuli with competing noise. Word recognition materials were first developed in Standard American English; today, materials are now readily available in many other languages. When possible, word recognition materials are developed digitally to standardize their presentation. Currently, no recorded word recognition materials are commercially available for native speakers of Samoan. Bisyllablic words were chosen, rated, recorded, and prepared for subject testing. All subjects were native speakers of Samoan with adequate hearing, meeting required standards for audiological research. Results indicated that no significant differences were found among bisyllabic word lists or half-lists developed in the current study. Subject word recognition performance and psychometric function slopes were comparable to the results of other related studies. All materials were recorded onto CD and made commercially available. It is hoped that this resource will aid trained professionals in the diagnosis and remediation of hearing loss in Samoan-speaking individuals.
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Clayton, Leanne. "Patterns and motifs in the Va: a Samoan concept of a space between." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/366.
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This project is an exploration of the endless negotiation of the va, the relationships that consistently define and redefine themselves in the space between two cultures. The va consists of relationships between people and things, unspoken expectations and obligations: the inherent and changeable patterns, of obligations and expectations between people and their environment. The va space can be viewed as the stage upon which all patterns and motifs carry meaning. How the patterns and motifs change meanings are subject to other elements in the va. Meaning in my work will evoke the interweaving connections of past and present through oral history, genealogy, and fagogo¹ (story telling) memory and artist sentiment. As participant, the artist reflects through the remembrance of sifting through images, person, family, events, time, and space. An emphasis will be placed on the exploration of pattern and motif as a signifier of events and sign of respect, with a focus on notions of the va. The project explores notions of visual patterns and motifs to be utilized as a vehicle to signify in that all patterns and motifs carry meaning in that they signify an event, person, time, and space. Written from a Samorians² perspective of one who lives in the space between. ¹ See Sean Mallon (2002) for an explanation on fagogo in Samoan Art and Artists O Measina a Samoa p. 163). ² The term ‘Samorians’ refers to a play on words of Samoans and an American treat called ‘samores’ containing a marshmallow that is cooked in the microwave or roasted in the fire and then placed in between two chocolate biscuits. It can also refer to an afakasi (half-caste).
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O'Regan, Bridget. "Ietoga : Samoan educators' educational journeys." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Professional Development, Centre for Postgraduate Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2841.
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Senior educators in Samoa who are currently studying towards a Master of Teaching and
Learning degree through the Christchurch College of Education face the usual range of
challenges encountered by students studying from a distance. In addition, they face a range
of expectations from their jobs, their communities, their churches and their families that are
not the norm in the western society through which they are studying. Despite such
difficulties, these educators are successful and are leaders in their fields. I was interested to
learn how they managed these challenges. This thesis therefore asks, How did a group of
senior educators in Samoa undertake their educational journeys'! It also traces my cultural
and research learning journeys and the pathways I followed as a palagi (white person)
undertaking cross-cultural research.
It was important that I recognise my limitations as a palagi conducting research in the
Pacific and that as far as possible I followed practices and research methodologies sensitive
to Pasifika contexts. I therefore adopted a holistic and collaborative approach that entailed
consultation with the community throughout the research process. During initial
consultation community members confirmed they wished the research to occur, and that
they approved of and accepted me as the researcher. We worked collaboratively to
determine the topic and the nature of the study. The community drew clear parameters and
established the main emphasis of the research as a narrative approach within an
ethnographic framework. Ongoing consultation included regular visits to Samoa to meet
with the participants where we discussed progress and worked together to co-construct their
stories.
My research approach 0 auala i le fa'a Pasefika (Pasefika Pathways) guided me throughout
the research. This approach, a combination of my own western social constructionist
epistemology, Talanoa research methodology and Stephen Filipo's (2004) research
approach 0 auala i le fa'a Samoa, enabled me to respect and value my participants while at
the same time taking cognisance of the cultural limitations under which a palagi works. I
was given cultural guidance and support by an advisor in New Zealand appointed by the
College of Education. The participants voluntarily took on the role of cultural advisors
during my time in Samoa.
I gathered data through a combination of fono (interviews), and talanoa (informal
conversations) conducted in Samoa, and supplemented this with data from the participants'
journals and from my own research journal,
I realised from an early stage that various aspects of the research such as the processes
used, cultural aspects and the main themes drawn from the participants' stories were
closely intertwined and difficult to separate. Consequently, I adopted the metaphor of an
ietoga (fine mat) to present this thesis. The completed ietoga represents the participants'
individual educational journeys together with my cultural and research learning journeys.
I argue that the participants live between two worlds as they balance tensions between the
requirements of the western institutions that provide their education and the requirements
of fa'a Samoa. The participants' formal schooling did not take account of fa'a Samoa and
its related values. Nor did it take account of Pasifika people's preference for oral and
experiential learning. Codes of behaviour and expectations of fa'a Samoa such as fa'a aloalo
(respect) for one's elders and those in authority have markedly constrained and influenced
the participants' educational journeys. Their responsibilities to family, church and
community, for example, have presented barriers to their success. Paradoxically, these
same codes of behaviour and expectations have supported the participants and have made it
possible for their educational journeys to be successful.
I contend that if western institutions wish to provide meaningful programmes and learning
experiences for their Pasifika students, it is important that they take cognisance of and plan
for these students' cultural values, beliefs and codes of behaviour.
This research determined factors that enabled a group of senior educators in Samoa to be
successful. Two questions arise for me and present as opportunities for research to be
undertaken by Samoan or other Pasifika peoples. Have the participants been successful in
their postgraduate study because they are undertaking this while living in Samoa and
therefore have ready access to fa'a Samoa's support systems? How have the participants'
educational journeys differed from those of other educators who have not achieved the
same success?
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Perese, Lana. "You bet your life...and mine! Contemporary Samoan gambling in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4958.
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Pacific peoples in New Zealand are identified as having the highest risk and prevalence of problem and pathological gambling behaviours. Despite increasing awareness of gambling related harms in New Zealand there is a dearth of research on Pacific gambling, the reasons for problem gambling and the risks gambling poses for these populations. This thesis examines contemporary Samoan gambling and problem gambling through the perceptions and in-depth understandings of thirty-two Samoan participants. Pacific research methodologies premised on Pacific epistemologies, practices and protocols provide the cultural framework that supports the qualitative methods used in this research. These cultural methodologies also provide the context within which data gathered is analysed, interpreted and discussed. The method used within this thesis is an amalgam of Pacific and grounded theory approaches. The research identifies Samoan cultural factors that play a major role in understanding contemporary Samoan gambling. It links the deep-rooted cultural understandings of va/teu le va that are associated with early Samoan games and sports with contemporary Samoan gambling behaviours and practices. The research provides cultural understandings of the complex conditions and processes within which contemporary Samoan gambling and problem gambling are embedded, constituted and differentiated for Samoan people in New Zealand. These understandings are used to explore the extent to which gambling impacts harm Samoan individuals, families and communities. The research also describes cultural factors that are associated with motivations for contemporary Samoan gambling. It demonstrates that concepts such as ‘winning’, ‘fundraising’ and ‘socialising’ act as primary motivations for engagement and explores ways in which these drivers challenge the va and teu le va that are inherent within fa’aSamoa. The potency of these new motivations is illustrated through consideration of cultural practices such as fa’alavelave, status acquisition, religion and hospitality. These factors are not only complex but they also play an important role in the initiation, development and maintenance of Samoan gambling. This thesis articulates a broad knowledge base of cultural factors, practices, influences and understandings that are associated with contemporary Samoan gambling in New Zealand. It highlights how Samoan (problem) gambling while often rationalised in terms of aiga enhancing precepts is in reality most often undermining and eroding of aiga values and practices. In light of these findings, contextually effective Samoan solutions incorporated into Public Health interventions are recommended as a means of addressing the alarming gambling-related issues facing Samoan people in New Zealand. A greater emphasis on aiga/familial interventions rather than focusing on individuals is crucial since aiga and close social networks are identified as playing an important role in the development and maintenance of gambling behaviour and can also be effective catalysts and supports for behavioural change. Further research is indicated to better understand and develop the knowledge-base on contemporary Samoan gambling with specific relevance to Samoan youth and adult populations in New Zealand.Whole document restricted, but available by request to UoA members, use the feedback form to request access.
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Carmichael, Michelle Liulama. "The Road Less Traveled: Samoans and Higher Education." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1176994775.
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VanderLaan, Doug P. "The development and evolution of male androphilia in Samoan fa'afafine." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3159.
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Male androphilia (i.e., male sexual attraction to males) is an evolutionary paradox. It is
unclear how genes for male androphilia persist given that androphilic males have lowered
reproduction? Evidence suggests that ancestral androphilic males were transgendered.
Hence, I address this paradox by focusing on a group of Samoan transgendered
androphilic males (i.e., fa’afafine). Specifically, I show that male androphilia has
consistent developmental correlates across Samoan and Western populations, indicating
that fa’afafine provide a suitable model for the evolution of male androphilia across
populations. In addition, I test hypotheses concerning the evolution of male androphilia.
Fa’afafine’s mothers and grandmothers exhibit elevated reproduction. Also, compared to
Samoan men and women, fa’afafine exhibit unique kin-investment cognition that would
enhance indirect fitness. Elevated reproduction by female kin, and enhanced kin
investments may, therefore, contribute to the evolution of male androphilia. Lastly, I
outline a developmental model for this unique kin-investment cognition in androphilic
males.xvii, 201 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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SMELSER, DIANE T. "A COMPARISON OF OBESITY CANDIDATE GENES IN THE ANABOLIC NEUROPEPTIDE PATHWAY IN THE SAMOAN AND AMERICAN SAMOAN POPULATIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163647875.
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Watson, Beth Eleanor. "Reconceptualising Disasters: Lessons from the Samoan Experience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1424.
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In the early nineties Samoa was hit by two major cyclones, Cyclone Ofa (1990) and Cyclone Val (1991), which caused significant damage and devastation. Although it is more than 15 years since these cyclones, they still factor in people's lives and have impacted on the way individuals and organisations conceptualise disasters in Samoa. The incidence of disasters is increasing globally and Pacific Island nations face ongoing and increasing vulnerability to the impacts of such disasters at both community and national levels. Disasters can result in short and long-term social, economic and environmental consequences and, as Ofa and Val illustrate, entire community survival and livelihood systems can be severely disrupted by a single disaster. As a consequence, disasters continue to pose significant threats to sustainable development in the Pacific region. Villagers from the eastern coast of Savai'i, and Government and NGO agencies in Apia were interviewed during six weeks of fieldwork in Samoa. These interviews and insights gained from participant observation, as well as secondary materials such as maps and official reports are used to explore the ways in which people make sense of disaster and hazard risk in their daily lives and the ways in which their belief-systems (cultural, religious etc.) result in very different understandings of disasters and disaster risk. Building on a growing body of critical disaster literature, this thesis explores the ways in which disasters are more than 'natural' events. It examines the ways in which they are socially constructed, resulting from human actions, rather than 'freak natural events'. This approach challenges dominant understandings of disasters which often underpin disaster planning at both national and regional level, and are often characterised by technical 'fixes'. In contrast, this thesis argues for more locally appropriate understandings of 'disasters' and for the importance of placing disaster events within the context of people's everyday lives and broader development priorities.
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Singh, Shail. "The effects of perceived discrimination on Samoan health." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3260.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived discrimination on Samoan health. This study employed purposive data collection and was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire format, which measured everyday perceived discrimination, depression, and physical health.
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Cibik, Türker. "Petrology of pre-shield, shield and post-erosional lavas of Western Samoa, SW Pacific." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220757.
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Utumapu, Tafili Leahnora Peseta. "O le poutu: Women's roles and Samoan language nests." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9836848.
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Samoan language nests have become well established in New Zealand due to the commitment, support and contribution of the Samoan community, the church, Samoan families, parents and most importantly the efforts of mothers. Their advent has created new settings within which or through which women's roles may become redefined. This thesis explores the questions of how relationships between Samoan language nests and family systems have developed, and how these relationships may have affected the development of roles within Samoan families, especially women's roles. To obtain answers to these questions three theoretical frameworks were utilised. Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model provided concepts for understanding the developmental changes occurring in the transitional relationships between families and language nests. The second theoretical perspective employed was Vygotsky's (1978) sociocultural framework to analyse the cultural processes developing between Samoan families and language nests. The final framework was provided by Goodnow and Collins's (1990) concept of 'parents ideas'. Their argument is that parents' ideas and style of parenting has been influenced by their own ontogenic development, and by society's expectations. The answers to the research questions were obtained by interviewing 21 Samoan language nest supervisors in the Auckland area and 100 caregivers or parents. Samoan language nests influenced parents, mothers and their families in their awareness and affirmation of Samoan language and culture, helping with parenting skills, provided support groups and served as an opportunity to gain knowledge and skills about preschool operation and educational processes. Language nests reinforced women's maternal roles, it changed the way they related to their children and the women's support groups encouraged women to assert their rights as women. The level of commitment by women is illustrated in the ways mothers and parents contributed at the language nests. Overall 92 percent of the mothers and parents helped at the nests. The significant contribution of women in Samoan language nests serve to affirm her as a 'poutu', the 'superwoman', the strength of her family, of the church and her community.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Georgina, Dianna Mary. "Performing selves : the semiotics of selfhood in Samoan dance." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/d_georgina_050307.pdf.
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Williams, Shaun Paul. "Tsunami Hazard, Samoan Islands: Palaeotsunami Investigation, Numerical Modeling and Risk Implications." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9664.
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Tsunami investigation is a fundamental component of coastal hazard mitigation and risk reduction. Recent history reveals that such hazards can influence rapid changes in global cultural dynamics through extensive loss of life (e.g. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami), lifeline destruction (e.g. 2011 Tohoku Tsunami) and property damage (e.g. 2014 Chile Tsunami), affecting the mobilization of regional and global humanitarian and financial resources.
The 2009 South Pacific Tsunami (2009 SPT) in the Samoan Islands, which had devastating local impacts, provided the opportunity to better understand tsunami characteristics and subsequent hazard potential in this region. Lessons were learned from the impacts of this event in the context of local and regional tsunami mitigation.
Equally a number of questions emerged. What is the long-term tsunami hazard in the Samoan region? What is the future risk of near-field events of similar or greater magnitude? What evidence is there in the geohazard chronology record? If there is evidence, what does it imply with regard to risk reduction in Samoa and the broader Pacific?
These questions formed the research basis for this thesis. Specific aims and objectives were devised to address the challenges and concerns identified. A range of inter-disciplinary techniques were used to yield innovative information to achieve them.
Proxy characteristics (e.g. loss on ignition, grain size, elemental ratio, geochronology, resonance modeling) associated with the 2009 SPT and identified 1990 and 1991 Cyclones Ofa and Val deposits, respectively, provided unique analogues for identifying and distinguishing tsunami and cyclone signatures in the deeper Samoan geologic record.
A tsunami and cyclone geochronological model spanning the last 3,000 years or so was developed. Estimation of tsunami frequency of similar or greater magnitude events than the 2009 SPT likely originating from the near-field Northern Tongan Subduction Arc (NTSA) source was also made possible. The results suggest a minimum 87 year recurrence interval of 2009 SPT-type tsunami intensities or stronger associated with a likely NTSA origin.
Assessment of the contemporaneity between identified tsunamis and cyclones in the geologic record with anomalous and/or enigmatic sequences in the ethno-archaeological, oral and indigenous records provided likely indicators of the possible extent of associated hazards. Further, the discovery and association of anthropogenically-formed charcoal contemporaneous with earliest colonization in the Samoan archipelago, with the oldest tsunami identified, likely substantiates an approximate 3,000 year hazard history.
Evidence of a landslide-generated tsunami which occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as well as non-related hypotheses concerning inland high-elevation calcareous deposits of cultural significance, were considered within the broader long-term tsunami hazard context. Knowledge gaps associated with landslide-generated tsunami processes and their hazard potential in this region were identified. The possibility of calcareous deposits found in a central highland location in these islands being of a potential tsunami or coastal marine origin is dismissed.
This research demonstrates that an intrinsic tsunami hazard history covering the last 3,000 years exists in the Samoan Islands. Directions for future studies that build on the findings presented here are offered. The principal research outcomes achieved provide a basis for future refinement. Nonetheless, the thesis can be used in its present form as a guide for similar investigations, as well as in long-term coastal risk and mitigation at the local level. The techniques used and information obtained can also be developed and applied to analogous coastal environments in other countries to assist broader long-term regional and global tsunami risk reduction.
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Lipine, Tavita. "Education of secondary Samoan students in New Zealand : the road to success : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1317.
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Blondet, Marieke. "Samoa américaines et parc national : les impacts sociaux de la protection de la nature aux îles Samoa." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0362.
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Les Samoa américaines sont un territoire du Pacifique associé aux Etats-Unis. L'histoire coloniale a conduit à de nombreuses transformations sociales. Pourtant quatre-vingt-dix pour cent des terres restent encore aux mains des familles étendues samoanes. En 1994, le gouvernement américain y établit un parc national. La majorité des espaces protégés étant la propriété des locaux, ils reçoivent un loyer de la part du parc mais continuent de vivre sur leurs terres familiales. Ma thèse porte sur l'étude de l'interaction entre cette aire protégée et les populations locales, et les possibles impacts du parc sur l'organisation, notamment les loyers versés. Traditionnellement dans une famille étendue tout bien est réparti entre les membres du groupe par le senior matai, le chef de famille. Dans le cas du parc il est chargé de gérer les loyers et leur redistribution. Il peut cependant décider de garder une grande part de cet argent, si ce n'est la totalité, ce qui créé des conflits à l'intérieur des familles. De plus, le parc national, en fixant le montant des loyers, a attribué une valeur marchande aux terres samoanes qui jusque-là avaient davantage une valeur symbolique. La réserve naturelle participe ainsi à la transformation de la perception que les samoans américains ont de leurs terres, et au-delà affecterait deux des piliers de l'organisation sociale intrinsèquement lié l'un à l'autre; premièrement les familles étendues et leur matai, représentant l'unité sociale de base, et deuxièmement la transformation des terres communautaires en propriété individuelle; ces processus pouvant à terme fragiliser l'ensemble de la culture samoaneAmerican Samoa is a small American associated territory in the pacific. The colonial history and the american influence have caused many social transformations. However, ninety percent of the land is still communally owned by samoan extended families or aiga. In 1994, the national park of American Samoa was established by the US government. Most of the protected land is owned by local Samoan aiga, which not only receive rent from the National Park Service but also continue to live on their communal land inside the park. My thesis is the study of the interactions between the Park and the local populations, and the possible impacts the former may have on the local social organisation, notably the rent paid to local aiga. Traditionally, any asset in an aiga is shared between relatives, by their senior matai, the head of the family. This person is also in charge of managing the rent from the Park and redistributing it. The matai may, howerver, keep for himself a part of this income if not all. This creates conflict within the aiga. Moreover, the National Park having fixed a monetary value to land, which had a symbolic value before, participates in the shift of the meaning of land for American Samoans and in changing their perception of it. In my analysis, I will demonstrate that the National Park of American Samoa, without such an intention, is affecting two of the pillars of the Americans Samoan social organisation; first the extended families and their matai, which are the basic social unit, and secondly the communal mand which is intrinsically associated with the aiga and its internal oraganisation. This process may weaken the samoan culture or fa'asamoa
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Hellner, Nils. "Die Säulenbasen des zweiten Dipteros von Samos." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964183943.
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Jonsson, Marie. ""Once it's gone, it's lost" : perceptions of Samoas archaeological heritage." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-154.
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This paper deals with approaches toward the conservation of archaeological heritage among different people and different institutions in Samoa. This is compared with approaches toward ecology and preservation of the environment to find out if there are similarities and/or differences. Moreover the opinions on how the public perceive the material heritage is compared with a survey of the public itself and their ideas concerning archaeology. The investigation was carried out by conducting interviews with people working within different institutions, NGO’s and schools as well as representatives from the general population i.e. people without education in conservation and cultural heritage. Possibilities of co-conserving the cultural and ecological values are also examined, as is the relation between culture and a natural feature - the mangroves.
Uppsatsen behandlar åsikter och attityder hos allmänheten och olika institutioner på Samoa gällandebevarandet av det arkeologiska kulturarvet. Detta jämförs med en likande studie gällande bevarandetav miljömässiga och ekologiska värden på Samoa för att se om det finns likheter och skillnader. Studieninkluderar också en undersökning av hur allmänheten ser på det materiella kulturarvet och derasförhållande till och kundkap om arkeologi. Undersökningarna gjordes genom ett intervjuprojekt där desom intervjuades representerade både institutioner, organisationer, skolor och allmänheten, densistnämnda gruppen hade ingen formell kunskap om kulturarvet och dess hantering. Inom ramen förstudien undersöktes också möjligheterna för att samarbeta när det gäller hanteringen och bevarandetav kulturella och ekologiska värden t.ex. gällande mangroveområden.
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Bridgman, John B., and n/a. "Intercanthal and interpupillary distance in New Zealand Maori and Samoan populations." University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070524.122205.
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New Zealand Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups are marking up an increasingly larger proportion of New Zealand�s population. Intercanthal distance (ICD) and management of congenital and acquired deformities of the craniofacial complex. The ICD and IPD have been found to differ to establish these measurements for New zealand Maori and Samoan populations.
For New Zealand Maori males the mean ICD was 32.1mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.6mm, and the mean IPD was 63.3mm, SD 3.8mm. For New Zealand Maori females the mean ICD was 30.7mm, SD2.7mm and the mean IPD was 60.1mm, SD2.8mm. For Samoan males the mean ICD was 33.9mm, SD2.5mm and the mean IPD 64.5mm, SD3.5mm. For Samoan females the mean ICD was 32.9mm, SD2.3mm and their mean IPD was 61.7mm, SD2.8mm.
Consistent with other ethnicities New Zealand Maori and Samoan males have wider values for ICD and IPD than females respectively. New Zealand Maori measurements tend to lie within the normal values established for Caucasian populations, whilst Samoans have larger values.
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Siaki, Leilani Ana Cruz Leon Guerrero. "Perceived Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Type 2 among Samoans with Metabolic Syndrome." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194748.
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Purpose/Aims: To explore the relationship between perceived risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes and the health-world view of Samoans with two or more components of metabolic syndrome.1. Describe participant's perceptions of risk for CVD and diabetes.2. Compare participants' actual risk of CVD and diabetes based on presence of components of metabolic syndrome to their perceived risk of CVD and diabetes.3. Describe the relationships among participants' health-world views and perceived risk for CVD and diabetes.Rationale/Background: Diabetes and CVD are leading causes of health disparities in the United States, particularly among Pacific Islanders, whose rates for CVD and diabetes are among the highest in the Nation. Metabolic syndrome significantly increases risks for CVD and diabetes and can be prevented using behavioral approaches. An important concept in behavioral models, perceived risk is influenced by both sociocultural and health-world views; yet is understudied in Pacific Islanders with regard to CVD and diabetes.Methods and Sample: Questionnaires and focus groups were used in this mixed methods study involving 43 adult Samoans at moderately high risk of CVD or diabetes. Culture brokers were used to access potential participants using a non-probabilistic sampling scheme. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis respectively, and points of convergence, complementarity, and/or divergence were identified.Results/Significance: Over 80% of participants perceived themselves as high risk for CVD and diabetes. Converging and complementary data revealed predominately accurate perceptions of risk for CVD and diabetes. Underestimations of risk were influenced by current behavior. Overestimations of risk were influenced by behavior, physical health, and family and personal history. Nine codes supported the category health-world view. Five ways of knowing: personal, aesthetic, sociopolitical, empiric, and unknowing, and several values and beliefs i.e. respect, family, religion, harmony/balance, and personal responsibility, together with two cultural codes influenced perceived risk for CVD and diabetes. These important influences on perceived risk for CVD and diabetes in Samoan participants can be used to develop interventions targeting CVD and diabetes, thereby meeting Healthy People 2010, the National Institute of Nursing Research (2006) guidelines, and the National Patient Safety goals (2008) goals.
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Crews, Christopher Thomas. "The lithics of Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), American Samoa: a test of chemical characterization and sourcing Tutuilan tool-stone." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85897.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to present the morphological and chemical analyses
of the lithic assemblage recovered from Aganoa Village (AS-22-43), Tutuila Island,
American Samoa. Implications were found that include the fact that Aganoa Village did
not act as a lithic workshop, new types of tools that can be included in the Samoan tool
kit, a possible change in subsistence strategies through time at the site, and the fact that
five distinct, separate quarries were utilized at different stages through the full temporal
span of residential activities at the village.
The assemblage was analyzed macroscopically using typologies for tools that are
set and accepted by archaeologists of the area (Green and Davidson [1969] for adzes,
Clark and Herdrich [1993] for flake tools). It was found that a possible new flake tool
type is represented at Aganoa Village that combines the attributes of Class Ia and Class
V. Analysis of the debitage refutes earlier conclusions that the site represents a lithic
workshop. The presence of rejuvenation flakes with polish, a large amount of tertiary debitage as opposed to primary debitage, and the recycling/conservation of finished
adzes indicates that this site was indeed not a lithic workshop area.
In the earliest cultural period (c 2500-2000 years ago) there is a distinct lack of
flake tool scrapers while the other two cultural periods presented 40 examples of such
tools. These scrapers are used primarily for processing agricultural products. The fact
that these tools are missing from the earliest settlement period suggests that these early
inhabitants might have relied more on gathering marine resources from the nearby reef
system rather then agricultural subsistence strategies.
Finally, INAA results show that the lithic artifacts collected come from five
different sources. Two of these sources were identified as the Lau'agae Quarry on the
eastern side of Tutuila Island and the Tataga-Matau Quarry Complex located on the
western portion of the island. Three other basalt types were distinguished but not
sourced or located.
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Ford, Clellan Stearns. "An analysis of material culture (with special reference to Samoa) : a study in method /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertations services, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39268883v.
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Hamblin, William John School of Sociology UNSW. "Evaluating the effectiveness of Australian aid to Samoa." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22896.
Full textAbstract:
On a global basis over A$450 billion is invested each year in foreign direct investment and aid with a view to supporting development. Developing countries themselves allocate significant sums out of their own budgets in order to stimulate development. Development is concomitantly a major goal and enterprise of the global economy. Developed countries through aid (Official Development Assistance) spend large sums purportedly to improve the development status of developing countries. Recently voices from within the developed world???s establishment have derided the performance of aid and by default the performance of state organisations charged with managing aid delivery. Australia has not been immune from this criticism. Its aid program while modest by global standards still consumes A$1.5 billion in taxpayers money each year. Australian aid is delivered primarily by the Australian International Aid Agency (AusAID) with smaller contributions through the Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of Defence and Australian Federal Police. AusAID has recently faced severe criticism over failure of the aid investment in the South Pacific to engender development. Most South Pacific countries (excluding Fiji and Samoa) have failed to show desired development. A number have faced bankruptcy (Naru, Solomon Islands), while others have increasing lawlessness (Papua New Guinea). It is important in the above milieu to examine the delivery mechanisms of Australian aid through its chosen vehicle (AusAID) and determine whether aid has really been effective or not. This thesis reviews the development effectiveness of Australian aid in one Pacific island nation ??? Samoa. In this context, the effectiveness of Australian development assistance is reviewed in terms of the results of four case studies of project aid to Samoa. The four case studies cover a range of project activity in differing sectors and offer specific insights into aid policy and delivery and the effects other variables such as culture, history and development status have on development outcomes. The thesis tests the hypothesis that Australian aid to Samoa has resulted in only limited development success and then in ways that are not generally sustainable. In confirming the hypothesis, this thesis identifies that while variables such as the procedural and policy underpinnings of the Australian aid program, aid design/delivery and management, and the history, culture and development status of Samoa impact on the development outcomes, they do not prohibit development. This thesis concludes that development outcomes will be maximised when there are good macro policies present, sound sector policies and real commitments of the government and people to development. Moreover, this thesis finds that while development theories inform the debate over aid none successfully encapsulates the actual development process.
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Byrnes, Frances Mary. "Intercultural communication in a development project in Samoa." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82638.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Linguistics, 2005.Bibliography: p. 329-355.
Preamble -- Research objectives and methodology -- Theoretical and epistemological frameworks -- Culture, identity and power -- Meetings -- "The clearing of the sky" -- Project reform.
The data for this research thesis derives from a development project in Samoa. Through the study of key project events and their associated discourses the study identifies and interprets cultural and professional resources that the project team draws on as they negotiate their way through the project; in particular the 'resources' (including communication resources) that participants bring to project interactions. The thesis explores how participants used these resources and what consequences resulted (for them and for others) from such use. -- This study takes a critical and ideological stance, underpinned by a belief in the value and possibility of social action. While not primarily a call to action, the thesis presents its interpretations in the context of larger ethical and political challenges, with a view to informing change, specifically what deliberate action might be taken to improve processes and practices in future projects. The project is explored as a 'soft' system of social interactions and processes; and as a 'Third Space' (Bhabha 1990, 1994) where traditional boundaries of sociocultural organisation, or of professions, are destabilised and where newlyconstructed practices, orders of discourse, identities and representations are required. -- The study is evaluation and policy oriented. It explicitly addresses the implications of knowledge gained from the research for future project design and implementation. In making recommendations for project change, the study argues for the inclusion of local research as a legitimate project task, to inform evaluative processes and create a framework for ongoing modification to project design and implementation. The recommendations for change made in this study are concerned with determining principles and codes of practice for: - identifying and developing intercultural competence in project situations ; - project training (for intercultural project work, including ongoing participant research) ; - improving project systems ; - using relevant approaches/techniques in organisational change management.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
397 p
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Fotu, Irene Dora Annandale. "Family Leisure Involvement and Family Functioning in Samoa." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2224.pdf.
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Lima, Ieti. "Tafesilafa'i: exploring Samoan alcohol use and health within the framework of fa'asamoa." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2171.
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This study seeks to establish how cultural change is transforming Samoan perceptions of alcohol and its role in social life by comparing understandings of, attitudes to, and patterns of alcohol use in successive generations of Samoans to establish how these are changing, and how trends in alcohol use might be expected to affect Samoan health status. It examines the complex relationships between alcohol and culture, and how such relationships interact to influence health. As well, it explores how Samoan culture, fa'asamoa, has changed since contact with Europeans, how, these changes have influenced Samoan people's perceptions and use of alcohol, and the role alcohol now plays in Samoan social life. Moreover, the thesis documents the social history of alcohol in Samoa since the nineteenth century, and explores the roles of some of the Europeans in shaping Samoan people's attitudes and behaviours towards alcohol and its use. Additionally, it examines the commercial and political economic interests of early European agencies in Samoa such as beachcombers, traders, colonial administrators, and missionaries which impacted on and influenced, to a considerable extent, Samoan people's drinking patterns. The study uses a qualitative methodological approach, utilizing qualitative interviewing as the main method of gathering data and various other methods to supplement the data. The sample population included Samoan men and women, of various religious denominations, drinkers and abstainers, born and raised in Samoa and in New Zealand. Unstructured interviews with thirty-nine participants, and eight key informants were conducted in Apia, Auckland, and Christchurch. The key informants included: a bishop of the Church of Latter Day Saints, the Samoan Police Commissioner, and the Secretary of the Samoan Liquor Authority who were interviewed in Apia; a pastor/lecturer of the Congregational Christian Church of American Samoa who was interviewed in Pago Pago, American Samoa; while two Samoan-born medical health professionals, a pastor of the Congregational Christian Church of Samoa, and one New Zealand-born woman researcher were interviewed in Auckland. The study found that alcohol and the drinking of it has secured a place in the social life of Samoans in the islands and in migrant communities such as those in Auckland, and to a lesser extent, Christchurch. It also found that while older women's and men's experiences and attitudes to alcohol differ significantly, particularly those born and raised in the islands, some similarities in the attitudes and practices of younger people towards alcohol, especially those born- and raised in New Zealand have emerged.
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Cogswell, Alan Dale. "Increasing spiritual engagement through a Samoan circle of process of spiritual sharing." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19826.
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Leleisi'uao, Andy. "My Samoan accent an investigation discussing issues that emanate out of my identity as a New Zealand born Samoan artist : [an exegesis [thesis] submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Art and Design), 2004.]." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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Faaulufalega, Tailetai Pale. "How does Culture Impact on Educational Leadership in Samoa?" The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2260.
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The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between culture and the educational leadership of six secondary school principals in Samoa. Educational leadership is a bounded process and is subject to the cultural traditions and values of the society in which it is exercised. To date, no research has been undertaken on this topic in Samoa. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview process to gather data from the secondary school principals who had been principals for more than three years in government schools. It also sought to explore how professional development of the principals might be undertaken. The principals in this study were interviewed both face-to-face and by telephone. The findings revealed that culture significantly impacted on their leadership. The matai culture was particularly influential. For example, respect, Christianity, role modelling and the importance of using the Samoan language to communicate within the school context were all influential. The findings also revealed the effective leadership styles applicable to Samoan school context in relation to indigenous cultural leadership. For example, inclusive/consensus/collaborative leadership style that is practiced in Samoan culture is effectively used by principals to lead schools. The organisational culture of the Ministry of Education Sports and Culture in Samoa (MESC) also considerably impacts on educational leadership. For example, the policies from the MESC sometimes contradict with the practice of the principals, such as the principal's practice of corporal punishment is a crime in the MESC and United Nation policies. This research also revealed the gap between the western models of leadership and the Samoan indigenous cultural context and leadership practice by the principals. Therefore, all the principals involved in this study positively engaged with their Samoan cultural values and beliefs to lead schools effectively. However some Samoan indigenous cultural values and beliefs impact negatively on the education system. They need to be considered so as not to inhibit the development of educational leadership of Samoan principals. Today's education has grown rapidly in terms of technology therefore educational leaders must adapt and change their leadership. Principals must be professionally trained so that they would lead effectively. According to Smith (1992, p. 9) To change education is to change society
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Abild, Miranda L. "Kin selection and male androphilia : sociocultural influences on the expression of kin-directed altruism." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3213.
Full textAbstract:
The Kin Selection Hypothesis proposes that the genes associated with male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction/arousal to adult males) may be maintained over evolutionary time if the fitness costs of not reproducing directly are offset by increasing one’s indirect fitness. Theoretically, this could be accomplished by allocating altruism toward kin which would increase the recipient’s ability to survive and reproduce. Evidence for this hypothesis has been garnered through research conducted in Samoa however, no support has been garnered from research conducted in more industrialized cultures (i.e., USA, UK, Japan). In this thesis, I use a Canadian population to examine: (1) the role geographic proximity plays in the expression of androphilic male avuncularity and (2) whether androphilic males direct altruism toward the children of friends who might represent proxies for nieces and nephews in more industrialized cultures. Other sociocultural factors that potentially influence the expression of androphilic male avuncularity are also discussed.ix, 81 leaves ; 29 cm
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Penn, Rosemarie. "Manumalo:a study of factors which facilitate success for New Zealand - born Samoan students at university." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/889.
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This thesis is about factors which aid and hinder successful completions for New Zealand-born Samoans. The thesis explores the proposition that educational marginalisation of minority students will be perpetuated until AUT adopts policies and procedures which enable culturally responsive educational pedagogies and practices which honour indigenous minorities. The thesis asked New Zealand-born Samoan students, what is the nature of their aiga (family) and cultural support frameworks (structures), and, further, to what extent and how and why do these students engage with such networks (processes)? This study used a qualitative approach within which six New Zealand-born Samoan students were interviewed using a semi-structured approach to gathering data. The interview data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was manually completed both within and across the six cases. The turnaround time in gaining ethics approval impacted upon the capacity of the investigator to conduct this research in what she considered to be a culturally appropriate manner and the cautious vigilance of the final ethics committee approval was perceived as a barrier to making culturally appropriate contact. It was discovered that Samoan structures, especially family, are paramount in supporting educational success because of the Fa’a Samoa processes which they engender. A further discovery was that New Zealand-born Samoans retain cultural affiliations so their lifestyle shows deep regard for Fa’a Samoa identity. Through these affiliations, meaningful life metaphors become applied. It was concluded that transforming staff so that they understand Pasifika peoples is crucial to growing Pasifika educational success. Staff development must, therefore, be planned so that meaningful understandings of Pasifika concepts and frameworks become nurtured and that is a challenge which AUT must embrace and action.
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Hendrikse, Edwin Peter. "Migration and culture : the role of Samoan churches in contemporary Aotearoa-New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2267.
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This thesis examines the dilemmas that the church faces today when dealing with the Samoan and New Zeala.nd born components of the New Zealand Samoan population. The generation gap between these two groups is a source of concern for both the church and the Samoan community as a whole. The thesis attempts to assess the processes of acculturation, assimilation, and ethnic segregation that mayor may not be occurring among the Samoan people in New Zealand, and assesses the growth and emergence of a new culture of Samoans in New Zealand , The New Zealand born Samoan generation " who seek to find their cultural identity with Samoans and as New Zealanders. Its purposes are threefold: Firstly, to make readers aware of the diversity of New Zealand's Multicultural Society, and highlight the importance of the church for the Samoan migrant community in maintaining and retaining Samoan language and culture in New Zealand. Secondly, to provide the Samoan Community, both Samoan born and New Zealand born Samoans, with an understanding on the development of churches of various denominations that exist to serve them in New Zealand. And thirdly, to promote the development of the New Zealand born Samoan generation who, unlike their Samoan-born parents, find themselves influenced by both their Samoan heritage and the New Zealand's multicultural society, and are thus at times caught between two cultures that can often contradict each other. It also examines the future implications in the survival of Samoan language and culture among the New Zealand born Samoan generation, who are presently already giving birth to the second generation of New Zealand born Samoans. 11 This study draws primarily on information obtained from survey research conducted within five different churches that serve the Samoan community in New Zealand's Capital City of Wellington (which, after Auckland, holds the second highest Samoan population in New Zealand). It also draws from less structured interviews with Samoans and a handful of other Pacific Islanders within the Wellington area. Through these interviews a sense of the history and growth of Samoan orientated churches in Wellington, and their contemporary activities was established. Together with survey material, these interviews enable the changes in attitudes, concerns, and views of the Samoan people who attend (and are loosely associated) with these churches to be assessed. This thesis hopes to encourage and stimulate further research and discussion on the role of Samoan and other Pacific Island Churches in AotearoafNew Zealand with regards to migration and culture, as well as provide a basis for future research to make necessary improvements on this particular study.
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Newman, Jennifer Lane. "Development of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials for Native Speakers of Samoan." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2214.
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The speech recognition threshold (SRT) is an important measure, as it validates the pure-tone average (PTA), assists in the diagnosis and prognosis of hearing impairments, and aids in the identification of non-organic hearing impairments. Research has shown that in order for SRT testing to yield valid and reliable measures, testing needs to be performed in the patient's native language. There are currently no published materials for SRT testing in the Samoan language. As a result, audiologists are testing patients with English materials or other materials not of the patient's native language. Results produced from this manner of testing are confounded by the patient's vocabulary knowledge and may reflect a language deficit rather than a hearing loss. The present study is aimed at developing SRT materials for native speakers of Samoan to enable valid and reliable measures of SRT for the Samoan speaking population. This study selected 28 trisyllabic Samoan words that were found to be relatively homogeneous in regard to audibility and psychometric function slope. Data were gathered on 20 normal hearing native speakers of Samoan and the intensity of each selected word was adjusted to make the 50% performance threshold of each word equal to the mean PTA of the 20 research participants (5.33 dB HL). The final edited words were digitally recorded onto compact disc to allow for distribution and use for SRT testing in Samoan.
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Gardner, Zackary. "Far from Home the Sojourns of E. J. Ormsbee in the Samoan Islands." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/87.
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Historians of US foreign relations have argued that, after the Civil War and prior to the professionalization movements of the 1920s, the State Department was staffed with failed politicians, adventurous lawyers, and bored businessmen through a system of political spoils. An examination of Ebenezer Jolls Ormsbee‟s experience as an envoy of the State Department on the Samoan Land Commission from 1891 to 1893, however, demonstrates that the department operated through an effective patronage system. Patrons, with experiential, social, and professional connections to appointees, sought out the best candidates they knew. By examining Mr. Ormsbee‟s childhood, Civil War experience, and political career with the Republican Party in Vermont, his various relationships with prominent individuals such as Redfield Proctor, Frank C. Partridge, and Henry C. Ide become evident. Through these relationships, Mr. Ormsbee gained his appointment to the Samoan Land Commission based upon his peers‟ belief that he was the best qualified candidate available. Mr. Ormsbee‟s position as a provincial grand bourgeoisie not only determined how he was appointed to the Samoan Land Commission, but also his relationship with and viewpoint of the native and the Euro-American communities in Samoa. For Mr. Ormsbee and his wife, Frances Ormsbee, the natives were often viewed with greater approval because of their perceived authentic barbarity, while the Euro-Americans were often found to have failed to maintain the Ormsbees‟ notion of civilization. The Ormsbees‟ social and political relationships in Samoa demonstrate the racial and class complexities of the late nineteenth century, especially when those are viewed from such microhistorical subjects as Mr. and Mrs. Ormsbee.
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Quintus, Seth James. "Land Use and the Human-Environment Interaction on Olosega Island, Manu'a, American Samoa." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29596.
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The human-environment relationship has often been characterized as one of human adaptation. This particular view has now come into questions as critiques have shown that the relationship is complex and dynamic. In archaeology, one way of examining this relationship is to study the settlement, subsistence, and land use of a given area. This thesis serves that purpose by providing a case study of a small island in the Samoan archipelago in the central Pacific. The survey of Olosega Island identified over 200 different features distributed across the interior. Although no test excavation was conducted, it is interpreted that these features relate to domestic, subsistence, ceremonial, and political activities that likely occurred in the later prehistoric period. The combination of these features, supplemented by environmental data from the interior and further archaeological work along the coast, indicates that the human population was a member of a complex and dynamic system with its environment. Through time, this system likely evolved in a number of ways, not just adaptive, that often caused changes requiring responses by both the human population and the environment of the area.
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Johnson, Phillip Ray II. "Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) characterization of pre-contact basalt quarries on the American Samoan Island of Tutuila." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4932.
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This thesis presents a material-centered characterization of 120 geologic samples
from four fine-grained basalt quarries on the Samoan Island of Tutuila. Previous
unsuccessful attempts at definitive Tutuilan quarry differentiation have utilized x-ray
fluorescence (XRF). In this study, clear differentiation of each analyzed quarry was
achieved using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Biplots of canonical
discriminant function scores for the INAA data illustrate clear separation based on the
variation in chemical composition between each quarry. The samples analyzed not only
define quarry separation, but also provide the "core group" for a preliminary baseline
necessary for future artifact-centered provenance studies. Inclusion of these "core group"
samples in the baseline was confirmed by stepwise discriminant analysis. These findings
suggest the ability to determine quarry of origin on the island of Tutuila, which can
elucidate the importance of individual Tutuilan quarries in the export and exchange of
fine-grained basalts.
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Moreno, Castillo Antonio. "L’intel•lectualisme moral a Epicur de Samos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83668.
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Aquesta tesi consisteix a demostrar que l’ètica epicúria no es distancia de l’ètica platònica, com s’ha dit tant sovint, sinó que és en el fons la mateixa. O dit d’una altra manera, que l’hedonisme epicuri és una interpretació psicològica de l’ètica platònica.
Les diferències entre tots dos filòsofs rauen més aviat en l’estatus ontològic de l’ètica, però no en l’ètica en ella mateixa. I s’ha de dir que aquesta idea està suggerida en molts comentaristes, fins i tot en els que insisteixen en les diferències amb Plató. Podem dir que aquesta tesi consisteix a portar fins a les últimes conseqüències les idees d’aquests tractadistes. Un resum d’aquesta tesi ja la podríem trobar a la intervenció de Torquat en el De Finibus bonorum et malorum de Ciceró.
La tesi es desenvolupa al voltant de dos conceptes, l’intel•lectualisme moral i el plaer. L’intel•lectualisme moral, desenvolupat preferentment per Plató, consisteix a identificar la virtut amb el coneixement, o dit d’una altra manera, que el coneixement de la virtut és condició necessària i suficient per practicar la virtut. Aquesta teoria moral té tres implicacions indissolublement unides. La primera, que la virtut és ensenyable, ja que és objecte de coneixement; la segona, que la virtut és única, ja que ningú no podria conèixer totes les virtuts; i la tercera, que la virtut només té avantatges per al subjecte moral, de manera que ningú no fa el mal conscientment, ja que ningú no actua en contra dels seus propis interessos.
Aquesta teoria és escandalosa, i provoca escàndol en els oponents de Sòcrates en els diàlegs platònics i en alguns comentaristes actuals. Fins i tot n’hi ha que la cualfiquen de paradoxal, i parteixen de la base que Plató no se la creu. Nosaltres no hi estem d’acord en absolut i més aviat creiem que es dona en tots els discursos ètics grecs, des d’Hesíode fins als estoics.
Evidentment, creiem que Epicur no n’és cap excepció, perquè hi trobem les tres implicacions d’aquesta teoria. Però també hi trobem un escull important, ja que en les seves màximes capitals diu que el savi podria cometre injustícia si tingués la seguretat de no ser descobert ni sancionat, però com que això és impossible mai no la podrà cometre. Plutarc, per la seva part, comenta que, quan Epicur es pregunta a ell mateix si el savi cometria injustícia en la hipotètica seguretat de no ser descobert, no sap que contestar. Plutarc creu que en realitat la resposta del savi epicuri és afirmativa, i no ho expressa clarament perquè se n’avergonyeix. Nosaltres, d’acord amb la nostra tesi, creiem que és negativa, i no ho diu perquè entraria en contradicció amb aquestes màximes, de la mateixa manera que una resposta positiva entraria en contradicció amb la resta dels seus escrits morals.
Pel que fa al plaer, partim de la base àmpliament acceptada, que Epicur contempla dos tipus de plaer tant en el cos com en l’ànima, que són el cinètic i el catastemàtic, aquest últim considerat com l’absència de dolor. Analitzant l’obra ètica d’Epicur constatem que el plaer catastemàtic és preponderant, i la major part de les vegades que Epicur fa servir la paraula plaer ho fa amb aquest significat. En Plató, en canvi, el plaer catastemàtic no existeix, i només existeix el cinètic, que és el que coincideix amb el significat vulgar de la paraula plaer.
I reforcem la similitud entre tots dos pensadors considerant el plaer catastemàtic de l’ànima com una conseqüència psicològica del Bé platònic. Si aquest plaer catastemàtic o ataràxia és el màxim plaer, i és conseqüència d’haver practicat el bé, i el plaer és indefugible, també ho és practicar el bé, que és el punt essencial de l’ètica platònica. La diferència és que per Plató la virtut és una finalitat i per a Epicur un mitjà, però aquesta diferència no és de caire ètic, sinó ontològic.THE MORAL INTELECTUALISM IN EPICURUS OF SAMOS The object of this work is to show that the ethics of Epicurus and the ethics of Plato are at bottom the same. We could say in other words that the Epicurus’ hedonism is a psychological interpretation of the platonic ethics. The difference between both moral systems is more ontological than ethic. This idea has been suggested by many authors, even by those who consider Epicurus as non-platonic. Plato identifies virtue with the knowledge of the virtue and this involves three implications. The first is that virtue can be taught, because it is object of knowledge; the second, that all virtues are reduced to one, which can be identified with justice, because, nobody could know all the virtues; and the third is that the virtue is always good for the moral subject, in such a way that virtue is unavoidable for those who know it, because no one acts against his own interest. This theory is surprising, and the opponents to Socrates were surprised. There are modern authors who are also surprised, and name this theory the Socratic paradox. We think that there is no paradox and we find it more o less explicitly in all the Greek ethics, from Democritus until the stoics. Epicurus is not an exception, and we find in his moral system the three implications exposed before. The only difficulty is that he says that the wise man will commit no injustice because he can’t be sure of not to be punished. But when he asks himself what would do if he could be sure of that, he gives no response, but his answer is not affirmative. Epicurus is hedonist because he says that human beings can’t avoid looking for pleasure, and it is commonly accepted that Epicurus speaks about two kinds of pleasures, the kinetic and the katastematic. The first is what the word pleasure means in the ordinary level of language, and the second is the absence of pain. We can find both of them in the body and in the soul. Plato says that the absence of pain is not pleasure, but for him pleasure is only the cinetic pleasure of Epicurus. The katastematic pleasure of the soul, which has nothing to do with the platonic pleasure, can be considered as a psychological consequence of practicing virtue, in such a way that virtue is also unavoidable in his ethic system.
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Clément, Julien. "Le rugby de Samoa : les techniques du corps entre "Fa'Asamoa" et mondialisation du sport." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10046.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les Coupes du monde de rugby, les "Manu Samoa" - c'est le nom de l'équipe nationale de Samoa - sont capables de rivaliser avec les meilleures équipes alors que l'Etat Indépendant de Samoa est classé parmi les "pays les moins avancés" par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, dont il est membre. Ils associent à ces performances un style spécifique, qui s'exprime dans les plaquages virulents et la vivacité de chacun des joueurs. Avant le match, ils effectuent également une danse saisissante appelée "Siva Tau", littéralement "danse combat". Cette société insulaire du Pacifique fondée sur le "fa'aSāmoa", la manière d'être et de faire à la "samoane", fait donc partie de la mondialisation du rugby à la tête duquel se trouve l' "International Rugby Board", institution mise en place en 1886 par les fédérations britanniques : elle y inscrit les éléments qui lui sont propre pour constituer un rugby unique, un rugby de Samoa. Une enquête ethnographique d'un an permet d'aborder cet objet de recheche en traçant une perspective qui va des institutions jusqu'aux gestes sur le terrain, dont l'analyse est le point d'aboutissement de ce travail. Après avoir situé l'origine historique de ce rugby dans la colonisation et l'indépendance de cet archipel, il s'agit de comprendre la rencontre entre l'univers de Samoa et celui du rugby mondial, devenu professionnel depuis 1995. Celle-ci produit des institutions où se mêlent l'organisation sociale de Samoa, centrée sur les villages et les chefs de famille, et les structures classiques du sport, fédération, club, etc. Un travail des corps s'y déploie, qui correspond à différentes logiques. Aux entraînements formalisés dont les conceptions viennent de Nouvelle-Zélande, l'ancienne puissance coloniale qui domine le rugby de la région, répondent les jeux informels où les jeunes hommes se retrouvent le soir dans un rugby sans plaquage, et les travaux de l' "aumāga", le groupe qui les rassemble dans le village. A la suite de ces analyses, les techniques du corps des joueurs sont mises au jour dans leur détail. Cette notion élaborée par Marcel Mauss en 1934 montre l'articulation entre les dimensions sociale et physiologique de l'homme, et appelle à une collaboration entre les sciences pour en étudier les mécanismes. A partir des connaissances actuelles en sciences cognitives, on peut éclairer les enjeux physiologiques des mouvements des joueurs, et poser les bases d'une réflexion sur cette frontière disciplinaire.
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Palenapa, L. F. "A study of the place of Samoan culture (fa'aSamoa) in two New Zealand churches." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Religious Studies, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8127.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to look at the influence that fa'aSamoa (Samoan Culture) has on churches in New Zealand, based on the experiences of Samoans from the Pacific Islanders Presbyterian Church and Congregational Christian Church of Samoa. The bulk of the research was carried out in the Christchurch area over the period of a year. Survey techniques included questionnaires, interviews with key figures in the Samoan community and participant observation. A key aim of the study was to compare the views of respondents who were born and/or raised in New Zealand and born and/or raised in Samoa.
Chapter One provides a historical background to the establishment of the relationship between Samoans and Christianity.
Chapters Two and Three focus on two of the most powerful leadership figures in Samoa church life generally- the ‘Minister’ and the ‘Deacon’.
In contrast, Chapters Four and Five focus on two groups that have been to some extent always in the background of Samoan church life- ‘Women’ and ‘Youth’.
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Goldring, Maree Carolyn. "Weaving language with identity; the story of Samoan Secondary students. Letoga: A Precious Thing." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1053.
Full textAbstract:
If you belong to the dominant culture of your society, it is relatively easy to build an identity and conform. You understand how things run, what is expected of you, and how to meet those expectations. You have freedom to decide whether or not you will fit in. But have you ever considered what it must be like to belong to a minority culture? I certainly didn't, even though the primary school I work in is multicultural. Sixteen years ago, when I arrived, I assumed that it was up to the Samoan students at our school to assimilate into the Anglo-Saxon education system I had grown up with, despite the fact that many of them had been born in Samoa. But something happened over the years. An almost instinctive awareness grew amongst the Samoan parent community about the importance of the maintenance of their children's first language and culture. As a result of much hard work, my school has a Samoan bilingual class, where students learn, and learn in, two languages. The goal of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the bilingual class from the point of view of students who had left the class at least two years previously, and now attended secondary school. They shared insights into the life of the class, and what they believed were the long term effects for them. Most of what they shared about the class was very positive and affirming, and they attributed feelings of confidence and self esteem to the warmth and cultural nurturing of the class. The ability to speak fluently, and learn in, their first language promoted a sense of identity and self worth. They felt proud of their Samoan identify and equated their abilities in Samoan as crucial to that. This report, then, is about the journey from assimilation of a minority culture into the majority one, to the realization of the rights its members have to maintain their own identity, and the benefits that result.
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Alexander-Pouono, Judy-Anne. "Community Literacy Centre in Samoa - why is it so successful?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Literacies and Arts in Education, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6232.
Full textAbstract:
Concerns and issues facing achievement in literacy are not new, particularly in developing
countries. The challenge in Samoa is that many children speak the Samoan language in
their everyday communication with families, friends, villages and the wider society.
However, in Year Four, they are introduced to English as a subject and this continues until
they are ready for secondary school, when, all formal examinations in schools and
universities with the exception of Samoan, are conducted in English.
The small island nation is preparing to be a greater part of the world stage, as its people
get ready to expand their horizons through migration, regional and international exchanges
of employment, and further interest in the tourism market to improve its economy and
foreign exchange earnings. As a result, the need for improved literacy and competency in
English is becoming more apparent.
This means that children will need as much assistance in improving their literacy levels as
is possible, to support their learning at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels and as they
choose careers. One way of doing this can be the establishment of community literacy
centres that operate outside of school hours. This research reports on one of these centres.
The Centre was selected based on its years of operation, the manner of its organisation, the
service that it offered, and the successful results that it appeared to be having with its
clientele. The principal purpose of the study was to identify the role of the centre, observe
its operation closely and recommend whether or not the model could be copied to another
setting under similar circumstances and at the same time achieve comparable results.
Qualitative data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with the facilitator, both
face-to-face and telephone (to clarify any points), observations of the programme at the
centre, individual interviews with the students and finally a focus group interview with
parents. The findings show that with a committed and informed facilitator or leader, an
organised programme, regular reading hours, capable teachers or assistants, a ‘print
saturated environment’(Duffy, 2003, MOE, 2003, MOE 2006, Pressley, 2002,) with a
variety of books designed to attract children, and a safe, non-threatening environment,
school age children could improve their literacy levels and engagement in reading. The
conclusion indicates that centres similar to this one can be set up in other villages in Samoa to
assist children with improving their literacy skills in English and hopefully their future outcomes.
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Hardie-Boys, Ned. "The rhetoric and reality of conservation aid in Western Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7020.
Full textAbstract:
The western conservation concept is articulated at the global level. However in practice conservation is regionally or locally pursued. This thesis examines how the global rhetoric of modern conservation relates to the local reality of conservation in Western Samoa.
Three specific conservation area aid projects are analysed to assess this relationship. They are analysed predominantly from the local flaxroots level. A national park approach, motivated by ecological criteria, operates in isolation from its surrounding community. Not only does the strict preservation established at the park boundaries exclude local people, but also the ideologies embodied in the park remain foreign and therefore exclusive.
The conservation agenda as pursued in the other two conservation strategies is a more integrated approach that includes socio-economic and cultural criteria, as well as ecological criteria. The villages surrounding these areas are therefore motivated by a broader spectrum of values, many of which are more tangible than long-term ecological benefits. This integration of 'people criteria' into conservation projects is consequently more inclusive of local communities.
However the integrated conservation-development approach to conservation contains fundamental problems in its design. Many of these relate to the merger of environment and development objectives within the one project. Despite these broader problems the reality at the local level in Western Samoa supports the continuance of foreign conservation assistance. A strong development imperative and a rapidly disappearing forest resource are two of the realities of the local context that demand external support. This external assistance must be balanced by the value of the local culture.
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Allen, John Bowen. "Genetic Basis for Elevated Rheumatic Heart Disease Susceptibility in Samoa." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7006.
Full textAbstract:
Rheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory heart disease that affects millions of people around the world. Especially high rates of the disease can be found in Oceania, including the island nation of Samoa. Genetic studies of immune response genes have provided insight into a possible genetic link to increased susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease, including the genes that code for the toll-like receptor (TLR) protein family. One of the functions of TLR proteins is to recognize the presence of bacteria via identification of bacterial flagella. My evaluation of a Samoan family identified a variant in the TLR-5 gene that would inhibit this ability. However, further study showed this variant to not be statistically significant in relation to rheumatic heart disease susceptibility. My contribution to a regional genome-wide association study of Oceania resulted in the discovery of a variant in the IGHV4-61 gene affecting the ability of antibodies to properly bind to bacterial antigens. This variant was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of rheumatic heart disease development. The success of this study warrants further investigation of the IGHV4-61 variant in other populations and illustrates the benefits of utilizing a genome-wide association study to study rheumatic heart disease.
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Kerai, Kavita, and Louise Roser. "Measuring function and mobility among clients with diabetes in Samoa." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30507.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis was to collect baseline data and to investigating suitable physical tests and a self-rapport questionnaire. Collected data was used to find a routine measurement when investigating foot health, function and mobility among clients suffering from diabetes in Samoa. Twenty-one participants suffering from diabetes were included in the study. Clients answered the Foot function index (FFI) questionnaire and performed physical tests, consisting of Bergs balance scale (BBS) and Time up and go (TUG). Results from the physical tests revealed a great balance disturbance and mobility limitations among the majority of the clients. General high weight and BMI was measured among both genders. Subjects with the highest BMI performed lowest time during TUG test. The statistic analyze revealed a strong correlation between the two physical tests, indicating that one of the tests could be applied as a routine measurement in the future, when evaluating function and mobility in Samoa. The compilation of self-report questionnaires indicated a general good foot health with a low amount of pain, disabilities and activity limitations.Syftet med studien var att samla in grundata och att hitta ett lämpligt fysiskt test och ett självadministrativt formulär. Den insamlade grunddatan användes för att hitta ett rutinmässigt mätinstrument för undersökning av fothälsa, funktion och mobilitet hos klienter som lider av diabetes i landet Samoa. I undersökningen deltog 21 personer som lider av diabetes. Deltagarna fick besvara ett så kallat ”Foot Function Index formulär” (FFI) och utföra de två fysiska testerna ”Bergs Balance Scale” (BBS) och ”Time Up and Go” (TUG). Resultaten från de fysiska testerna påvisade såväl en stor balansrubbning som mobilitetsbegränsningar hos majoriteten av deltagarna. Ett generellt högt BMI-värde och stor vikt uppmättes hos båda könen. Personer med högst BMI-värde presterade kortast tid under TUG-testet. Den statistiska analysen påvisade en stark korrelation mellan de två fysiska testen, vilket indikerar att endast ett av testerna kan användas som mätinstrument i framtida undersökningar av funktion och mobilitet på Samoa. Sammanställningen av de självadministrativa formulären påvisade en generellt god fothälsa med begränsad smärta, oförmåga och aktivitetsbegränsning hos deltagarna i studien.
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Bishop, Kevin. "The communication of information in Western Samoa : the case of health." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1768.
Full textAbstract:
Health and development are inextricably linked. Within the current development paradigm, Primary Health Care (PHC) has emerged as the dominant approach to address the health problems in Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs). An important element in the process of PHC is the dissemination of health information, enabling communities to improve their own health situations. Using Western Samoa as an example of a developing nation, this thesis investigates the diffusion of health information and its change over time. Analysis of communication processes revealed barriers which reduce the effectiveness of health information diffusion. HIV/AIDS and diabetes information used as two contemporary examples for investigation. Communication barriers have resulted in a separation between the senders and receivers of health information. The evolution of the Western medical paradigm is established as the cause of many of these barriers.