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Journal articles on the topic 'Samoyedic languages'
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Tuchkova, N. A. "Review of the dissertation “Reconstruction of the linguistic landscape of Western Siberia (a case study of the Samoyedic languages),” submitted by A. Y. Urmanchieva for the degree of Doctor of Philology." LANGUAGES AND FOLKLORE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF SIBERIA 49 (2024): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2024-1-153-160.
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The dissertation “Reconstruction of the linguistic landscape of Western Siberia (a case study of Samoyedic languages)” written by A. Y. Urmanchieva focuses on tracing the Samoyedic group language history. The period under study starts after the collapse of the Proto‒Samoyedic language and ends with the resettlement of the native speakers of Samoyedic languages as recorded in historical documents (16th–18th centuries). The work substantiates the preservation of the links between the Proto-Samoyedic and the Proto-Ob-Ugric languages after their collapse, with separate contacts between the Mansi and South Samoyedic languages. The author confirms the original boundary between the Mansi and Khanty languages, from west to east, and shows that Proto-Mansi was widespread in more southern territories, while Proto-Khanty was prevalent to the north (and not to the east) of the lower Ob basin. Additionally, the author confirms that Matorsky belongs to the Northern Samoyed subgroup. The analysis of separate parallels allowed the author to establish the early contacts between Nganasan, Selkup, and Kamassian and later between Nganasan and common Enets languages. Given these findings, the following successive linguistic landscapes of Western Siberia have been reconstructed. Initially, the migration of the forebears of Samoyedic language speakers moved towards the Ob basin from their original homeland, with a settlement pattern along the Ob tributaries determined by taiga fishing culture. Later, the expansion of the Khants towards the east along the middle Ob River disrupted the previously established pattern, leading to a break in the linguistic continuity of the Samoyed area.
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Urmanchieva, Anna. "Is it Necessary to Reconstruct *ö for Proto-Samoyedic: Sources of o after Palatal Consonants in First and Non-First Syllables in Tundra Nenets." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 81, no. 6 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s160578800023678-1.
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The article discusses the need to reconstruct the phoneme *ö for the Proto-Samoyed language. As is known, for Proto-Samoyedic (in the system proposed by J. Janhunen in “Samojedischer Wortschatz”) this phoneme is reconstructed only for the first syllable. Its reconstruction relies primarily on the data of the Nenets language: the words of the phonetic structure palatal consonant in anlaut + vowel o, such as syoncya ‘inside’ serve as the base. The article analyzes all cases in which a Nenets word of this type has Proto-Samodic or Proto-Northern Samoyedic etymology. Etymological correlates in other Samoyedic and Northern Samoyedic languages allow to demonstrate, that the initial o palatalizing an anlaut consonant either originates in a more complex phonetic sequence, or is positionally determined and can be explained by the influence of the vowel of the subsequent syllable. Neither for Proto-Samoyedic nor for Proto-Northern Samoyedic are reconstructed words of a “phonetically neutral” structure like *СV, *CVC or even *СVCə̑, *CVCå, where *V is represented by *ö. The etymological correspondences of Nenets words with the sequence palatal consonant + vowel o in non-first syllables are also analyzed: all such words are derivatives, and the material of other Samoyedic languages shows that in this case, too, Nenets o, palatalizing the preceding consonant, does not correspond to a single vowel, but to a more complex phonetic sequence.
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Normanskaja, Julia V. "Новые полевые и архивные данные к глоттохронологической классификации самодийских языков." Oriental Studies 16, no. 5 (December 25, 2023): 1343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-69-5-1343-1366.
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Introduction. Classification of the Samoyedic languages ranks among most popular topics of Uralistics in recent years, with at least six different perspectives — often in contradiction with one another — expressed by leading experts. In fact, there is no single subgroup of the Samoyedic languages on which all the authors would unanimously agree. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of word lists of the Samoyedic languages available on the LingvoDoc platform (lingvodoc.ispras.ru) — recorded from the last native speakers and collected from archives. Materials and methods. The LingvoDoc platform stores a total of 16 Samoyedic-language dictionaries (and text concordances) containing some basic vocabularies. Ten dictionaries were compiled from native speakers (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, and Selkup dialects), while six others were derived from archival and published sources. They are processed using the glottochronology formula developed by S. Starostin. The LingvoDoc-based analysis yields 3D proximity degree graphs calculated depending on divergence time points of the Samoyedic language unity. Results. It has been determined that, from a glottochronological perspective, there was a certain proximity between Nenets, Enets, and Nganasan traditionally grouped into the North Samoyedic cluster, while Selkup, Mator, and Kamassian are regarded as South Samoyedic. However, these communities were short-lived enough, a longer period of unity be observed between Mator and Kamassian, and between Nenets and Enets. The highest number of words with no etymology in other basic vocabulary lists was found in Selkup dialects (up to 18 lexemes) and in the Nganasan language (13 words), which attests to their prolonged isolated existence. Conclusions. The current analysis supports the validity of the traditional classification of the Samoyedic languages. The involvement of materials from early Selkup texts provides more reliable evidence for delineating a South Samoyedic group.
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Ilyina, L. A. "Grammaticalized sensory evidence as typological peculiarity of the North Asian languages." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 40 (2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-78-88.
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The paper defines a semantic zone of non-visual sensory evidence, grammaticalized in the verbal system, as “sensory evidence.” Sensory evidence grammaticalized in the verbal system is rare in contemporary languages. It is likely to be found in languages that are or were used in the recent past traditional cultures of ancient origin. Many Eurasian languages have evidential grammatical verbal forms, with most not having sensory evidential forms. Such verbal forms were known as auditive in Eurasia only in four Samoyedic languages: Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, and Selkup. Recently, the traditional Yukaghir folklore archaic texts collected by V. I. Jochelson in the late 19th – early 20th centuries revealed similar grammatical and semantic analog of Samoyedic auditive, suggesting sensory evidential verbal grammemes to be more widespread in the past in the languages of aboriginal Northern Asia peoples, in diachronic retrospective. Our main goal was to identify the inter-disciplinary evidence of diachronically earlier communicative functions and meanings of Northern Asian sensory evidential verbal forms. These functions and meanings are most informatively presented in the archaic texts of Nenets traditional folklore, especially shaman songs and heroic epos. The paper proves basic semantics of the Northern Samoyedic sensory evidential grammemes to refer to the auditive perception of non-visible situations (events). Thus, non-visible events were opposed grammatically to visual situations by verbal forms concerned. Considering historical ethnology data in an interdisciplinary way, the author explains the fact above as a grammaticalized language replica of fundamental mental opposition of ancient mythological thinking – the opposition of visible and non-visible situations.
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Гусев, Валентин Юрьевич. "NEW EVENKI-SAMOYEDIC ETYMOLOGIES." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 2(28) (September 18, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-2-9-17.
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В статье предлагается 19 новых этимологий и 1 дополнение к существующей этимологии, которые связывают самодийские языки с эвенкийским. В большинстве случаев предполагается заимствование из эвенкийского языка или его более ранней формы в прасамодийский или отдельные самодийские языки, особенно в нганасанский, и в 2 случаях – заимствование в эвенкийский из какого-то самодийского идиома, близкого к тундровому ненецкому. The paper presents 19 new etymologies and 1 addition to an existing etymology that bring together Samoyedic languages with Evenki. In most cases they presuppose borrowing from Evenki or some its earlier form into Proto-Samoyedic or separate Samoyedic languages, especially Nganasan; 2 etymologies propose borrowing into Evenki from a Samoyedic dialect close to Tundra Nenets. The etymologies under discussion are: TM sōl- ‘mix’ > ? PS *sVl- > *tålå- > Ngan tolu- ‘be mixed’; Ev. kawri(kī) > ? Nen. χăŕei̯, En. koriˀo, Ngan. kəriˀə ‘pole for driving reindeer’; Ev. malŋa ~ PSS məlkə ‘hornless reindeer’; Ev. mə̄ nə̄ - > ? Nen. meneq-, Ngan. mintə- ‘live settled, without wandering’; Ev. čātā > Ngan. satu ‘clay’, En. seδuo, seδui, Ngan. satüə ‘live coals’; Ev. kirka ~ En. kirkaa, Ngan. kirkaˀa ‘short-wooled dog’; Ev. ebej > Nen. abej, En. aboj etc., Ngan əbəj ‘exclamation of fright; frightful; powerful’; Ev. kiri ‘dirt; disgusting’ > ? Ngan. kur ‘rubbish’, kir ‘fly’; Ev. ūďa > Ngan. ŋuə(ďəə) ‘trace, footprint’; Ev. nika > Ngan. ńükü ‘little one’; Ev. činə ‘tree disease, witches’ broom’ > Ngan. sənə (huaa) ‘(tree) with a bare trunk and a thick crown’; Ev. hońo, həńə > Ngan. hoj ‘chink’; Ev. činə-kə̄ > ? Selk. suə̑ nə̠ , En. sanike, Ngan. soni̮, sonali̮ə ‘seagull’; Ev. ūkə̄ ŋ > ? En. uxo-seri, Ngan. uku-ďari̮ ‘loon’; Ev. ugučak ‘saddle reindeer’ > Ngan. uučakə ‘saddle’; Ev. ulikta > Ngan. uľikta ‘dried meat’; Ev. uŋtrə(wūn) ‘shaving-brush’ > ? Selk. umtə/untə ‘beard’, Ev. ude, Ngan. untiə ‘pubis’; Ev. -mō > Ngan. -mə, emphatic suffix; Ev. lamba ‘spoon, scoop etc.’ Nen. lămba; Ev. ďēlar ‘white (reindeer)’ ? North-Sam. jälä ‘day; bright’
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Kuznetsova, Nadežda, and Eleonora Usenkova. "Comparative constructions of similarity in Northern Samoyedic languages." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 61, no. 2 (June 2014): 177–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aling.61.2014.2.3.
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Resnikova, K. V. "Specific aspects of the samoyedic languages, including the nenets and enets languages." Siberian journal of Anthropology 2, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31804/2542-1816-2018-2-4-62-82.
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Urmanchieva, Anna. "Linguistic areas in the history of the Mansi language." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 5 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2022.5.7-34.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of historical contacts of the Mansi language with Samoyedic languages. On the modern linguistic map of Western Siberia these languages are not in direct contact, however, linguistic data make it possible to reconstruct several contact situations of varying degrees of temporal depth. I suppose that in the region of the Upper Ob there was a historical linguistic area, which included the Mansi, Selkup, and Kamas languages. In the eastern periphery of this zone, some limited contacts between the Selkups and the Kets took place. The Khanty language was widespread north of the Mansi language, possibly, in the northern periphery of this area. The ancestor of the modern Eastern Khanty language was located closest to the Mansi language. The Mansi contacted with the speakers of the Southern Samoyedic languages most probably across the rivers of Chizhapka and Parabel. Within the same area E. G. Bekker identifi ed the zone of distribution of the Kamas toponymy. During the period of these contacts, in my opinion, Kamas and Selkup were already two separate languages, but the dialectal diff erentiation of Selkup had not yet begun: the article proposes a number of Mansi-Selkup areal isoglosses, equally represented in all Selkup dialects. Subsequently, the relative position of the Khanty and Mansi languages on the linguistic map of Western Siberia changed. The Eastern Khanty penetrated the Upper Ob area. Then the Northern and Southern Khanty settled in a wide zone stretching from north to south along the course of the Middle Ob and Irtysh. This interrupts the connection between the Mansi and the Eastern Khanty and cuts off the Mansi from the Upper Ob area. During this period, the modern “Ostyak” area including the Selkup, Ket, and Khanty languages began to form in the Upper Ob region. The formation of this “Ostyak” area should be attributed to the period after the dialectal differentiation of the both mentioned Uralic languages: this area includes only the easternmost dialects of Khanty and only the Northern and Tym dialects of Selkup.
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Mus, Nikolett. "The North Samoyedic interrogative verb meaning ‘say what’." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.2.05.
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A cross-linguistically rare interrogative category (i.e., an interrogative verb with the meaning ‘say what’) is observed in the North Samoyedic (Uralic) languages. The interrogative verb in these languages is used in content questions, and functions as the predicate of the main or the embedded clause. It takes the regular verb morphemes with two exceptions: it (i) does not display object agreement, and (ii) cannot combine with the regular past tense morpheme. Furthermore, there is also an ordering restriction on multiple questions containing the interrogative verb. The morphosyntactic evidence suggests that the North Samoyedic interrogative verb is analyzed as a result of a wh-object incorporation.
Kokkuvõte. Nikolett Mus: Põhjasamojeedi keelte küsiverb tähendusega ‘mida ütlema’. Põhjasamojeedi (uurali) keeltes esineb keeleüleselt haruldane küsiv kategooria (st küsiverb tähendusega ’mis asja’). Nendes keeltes kasutatakse küsiverbi sisuküsimustes ja küsiverb toimib pea- või kõrvallauses predikaadina, liitudes tavaliste verbimorfeemidega, välja arvatud kahel juhul: küsiverb (i) ei väljenda objektiühildumist, ja (ii) ei kombineeru lihtmineviku morfeemiga. Lisaks on küsiverbil teatavad järjestuspiirangud küsiverbi sisaldava kompleksküsimuse korral. Morfosüntaktilised andmed viitavad, et põhjasamojeedi küsiverb on analüüsitav kui küsisõnalise objekti inkorporatsiooni tulemus.
Аннотация. Николетт Муш: Северосамодийский вопросительный глагол ‘что сказать’. В северосамодийских языках (уральская языковая семья) есть типологически редкий вопросительный глагол со значением ‘что сказать’. Этот глагол используется в частных вопросах в качестве предиката главного или подчиненного предложения. Он принимает обычные словоизменительные суффиксы за двумя исключениями: он не сочетается (i) с объектным спряжением и (ii) с показателем прошедшего времени индикатива. Кроме того, существуют ограничения на относительный порядок вопросов с вопросительным глаголом. Данные морфосинтаксиса свидетельствуют о том, что северносамодийский вопросительный глагол возник в результате инкорпорации объекта — вопросительного местоимениия.
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Pineda, David. "Некоторые наблюдения над заимствованиями в русском говоре Кольского полуосторва(Some Observations on Borrowings in the Russian Dialect on the Kola Peninsula)." Poljarnyj vestnik 7 (February 1, 2004): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1335.
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The present article gives an overview of the borrowed vocabulary of the Rus- sian dialect of the Kola peninsula, which mostly comes from Finno-Ugric languages. Some remarks are made as to the phonetical and morphological adaptations to Russian, the etymology and the distribution of the loanwords over the different semantic fields. Not surprisingly, the terminology on rein- deer husbandry is dominated by loans from Sámi languages. Some names for fishes are also Sámi, but fishing terminology is almost exclusively borrowed from Baltic-Finnic. Other source languages include Samoyedic (clothing), Norwegian and Dutch (ship types).
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Вагнер-Надь, Беата. "“I GO DOWNSTREAM, AND YOU GO TOWARD THE SNOWSTORM”: EXPRESSIONS OF CARDINAL DIRECTIONS IN NGANASAN AND DOLGAN." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(38) (January 12, 2023): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2022-4-73-83.
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This corpus-based study is dedicated to the topic of spatial orientation in two genetically unrelated but geographically neighboring languages, Ngnasan and Dolgan. Nganasan belongs to the Northern-Samoyedic branch of the Uralic language family, while Dolgan is a Turkic language. The Dolgans reached the peninsula later than the Nganasan and inhabited rather the eastern part. The goal is to typologically examine the linguistic realization of the directions of the so-called compass orientation. This is a very well-known fact that many indigenous languages, including many languages spoken in Siberia, do not know compass orientation. According to Brown (1983), speakers of many indigenous languages use three or only two cardinal points, however, in many languages, the speakers do not necessarily use the names of the compass direction but apply other concepts for expressing spatial directions. Brown (1983) identifies several sources of lexemes expressing the cardinal points, such as celestial bodies, which is the most often used source. It also occurs in the Samoyedic languages, e.g. in Selkup, but as we will see, not in the closely related Nganasan. Atmospheric features such as wind, seasons, blizzards, or environment- specific features such as a mountain, forest, or tundra can be metaphorically extended, thereby acting as the conceptual source of cardinal directions. The study follows Brown's typologization and tries to classify the results into their typological categories. We will find similarities and differences between the two languages regarding the conceptual sources. Both languages rely on the so-called landmarks for orientation in the surrounding areas, such as tundra, forest, river, or mountain, but beyond that, Nganasan uses other, non-common categories as well. These reflect a connection to their way of life; thus, it can be interpreted as a culture-specific source, which in turn has its origin in the environment. In contrast, the Nganasans do not use rivers as orientation points at all, although they live partly on the same rivers. Also typical only for the Nganasan is the use of atmospheric features a conceptual source. It does not play a role in any way in the Dolgan.
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Usenkova, Eleonora. "Evidentiality in the Samoyedic languages: A study of the auditive forms." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 62, no. 2 (June 2015): 171–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/064.2015.62.2.4.
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Trofimova, Anna O. "Means of expression of evidentiality in the Udege language (in comparison with the Samoyedic languages)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/25/23.
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Л. А., Ильина,. "EVIDENTIAL VERB FORMS IN INTRODUCTIONS OF SAMOYEDIC AND YUKAGHIR FOLKLORE TEXTS." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF SAYANO-ALTAI, no. 3(35) (October 26, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52782/kril.2022.3.35.003.
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Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу одной из существенных лингво - типологических параллелей самодийских и юкагирских языков - употреблению эвиденциальных глагольных форм с семантикой косвенной засвидетельствованности в зачинах произведений традиционного фольклорного повествования. В этих зачинах, предваряющих или начинающих повествование, широко представлены глагольные формы с суффиксами =тр(ь)=/=р(ь)= в селькупском языке и =вы=/=мы= - в ненецком, указывающие на косвенную засвидетельствованность сказителем ситуаций, о которых он сообщает. Они противопоставлены формам «аориста» или «неопределенного времени» индикатива. Цельнотекстовое эвиденциальное маркирование с помощью зачинов с глагольными формами косвенной засвидетельствованности позволяло сказителям в дальнейшем изложении произведения употреблять индикативные формы прямой засвидетельствованности, несмотря на то, что сами сказители не являлись непосредственными свидетелями фольклорных ситуаций. Еще один способ преодоления противоречия между потребностями живого повествования и сковывающими такое развитие особенностями грамматических систем является введение в фольклорные произведения постоянного свидетеля всего происходящего - особого персонажа, одушевленного и активного. Употребление эвиденциальных форм глагола с семантикой косвенной засвидетельствованности в зачинах фольклорных текстов самодийцев и юкагиров, а также наличие в самодийских фольклорных произведениях особого одушевленного персонажа объясняется в статье как исторически выработанные в традиционном фольклоре средства преодоления обязательности указания источников информации в языках с грамматикализованной категорией эвиденциальности. The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the essential linguistic - typological correlations among the Samoyedic and Yukaghir languages - the use of evidential verb forms having the semantics of indirect evidentiality in the introductions of traditional folklore narrative texts. In these introductions, which precede or begin the narrative, verb forms with suffixes =mp(b) =/=p(b)= in the Selkup language and =wy=/=my= - in Nenets are widely represented, indicating a narrator's indirect witness of the situations he reports. They are opposed to the forms of "aorist" or "indefinite time" indicative. The whole - text evidential marking with the help of introductions with verbal forms of indirect witness allowed storytellers to use indicative forms of direct witness in the further presentation of a work, despite the fact that storytellers themselves were not direct witnesses of folklore situations. Another way to overcome the contradiction between the needs of a living narrative and features of grammatical systems that constrain such development is to introduce into folklore works a permanent witness of everything that happens - a special character, animated and active. The use of evidential verb forms with the semantics of indirect witness in introductions of Samoyedic and Yukaghir folklore texts, as well as the presence of a special animated character in Samoyedic folklore works, is explained in the article as historically developed in traditional folklore means of overcoming the obligation to indicate sources of information in languages with a grammaticalized category of evidentiality.
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Chumakina, Marina. "Nominal periphrasis." Studies in Language 35, no. 2 (September 30, 2011): 247–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.35.2.01chu.
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Periphrasis, the use of two independent word forms to serve the function of a single inflected word, is usually associated with verbal systems. However, it occurs also in nominal systems. Using the canonical approach to formulate the criteria for nominal periphrasis, I analyse instances of periphrasis in three Samoyedic languages (Tundra Nenets, Forest Enets and Nganasan) where it approaches the canonical ideal, and compare these to the case systems of Romanian, Armenian and Archi where the periphrasis is further away from the canonical centre. An important advantage of the canonical approach is that it provides an instrument to investigate periphrastic realisations in finer detail, and takes periphrasis as an integral part of the morphological and syntactic systems of an individual language.
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Klesment, Piret, and Ago Künnap. "A SURVEY OF STUDIES ON THE PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT TENSES IN NORTH SAMOYEDIC LANGUAGES." Macrolinguistics 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2008.2.2.10.
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Kiss, Katalin É., and Nikolett Mus. "The reflexive cycle." Journal of Uralic Linguistics 1, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00003.kis.
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Abstract Starting from a morphosyntactic puzzle of the Ugric and Samoyedic languages of the Uralic family (possessive agreement suffixes functioning as accusative allomorphs on pronominal objects), this paper identifies a pronoun cycle which leads from reflexives via intensifiers and via referentially independent intensive pronouns to neutral pronouns. In Tundra Nenets, evidence of three rounds of reflexive renewal is also pointed out, with the three sets of pronouns frozen at different stages of the cycle. The analysis has implications for debated issues of language change. It is shown that elements participating in cyclic changes not only suffer feature loss but also incorporate features. Based on the recurring cycle in Tundra Nenets, it is argued that the cyclicity of linguistic changes implies a notion of unidirectionality that also leaves room for unpredictable outcomes.
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Khomchenkova, Pleshak, and Stoynova. "Nonstandard Use of the “Reflexive” Affix -sʲa in Russian Speech of Bilingual Speakers of Northern Siberia and the Russian Far East." Languages 4, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4020039.
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One of the features of the oral Russian speech of bilingual speakers of the indigenous languages of Russia is the omission / the overuse of the “reflexive” affix -sʲa (a “middle voice” marker with a wide range of uses including reflexive, reciprocal, anticausative, passive, and some others). We discuss the data on the nonstandard use of -sʲa in the Russian speech of bilingual speakers of two language groups that differ both from Russian and from each other in this grammatical domain: Samoyedic (Forest Enets, Nganasan, and Nenets) and Tungusic (Nanai and Ulch). The data come from the corpus of contact-influenced Russian speech, which is being created by our team. We show that the mismatches in standard and nonstandard usage cannot be explained by direct structural copying from the donor language (indigenous) to the recipient one (the local variety of Russian). Nor is there a consistent system which differs from standard Russian since there are many more usages that follow the rules of standard Russian. The influence of the indigenous languages explains some overuses and omissions; the others can be explained by other factors, e.g., difficulties in the acquisition of verb pairs with non-transparent semantic or syntactic relations.
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Spodina, V. I. "Close-quarter weapon of the peoples of Northwestern Siberia the Middle Ages as the historical and cultural phenomenon." BULLETIN OF UGRIC STUDIES 14, no. 1 (2024): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2024-14-1-149-162.
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: the article considers the various aspects of the armory tradition of the Ob Ugrians and Samoyeds of the XVI–XV centuries, reflected in folklore and historical sources: the composition of close-quarter weapon, its tactical and technical characteristics; complex of weapons as the social status of a warrior; symbolic role of individual types of weapons. The lexical parallels in the names of weapons and metals used for their manufacture are especially notable. This indicates active intercultural contacts between the peoples of the taiga Ob-Irtysh region with the Ural and Turkic tribes, which were both peaceful and conflicting in nature. Objective: to identify the originality of armory representation in Ob-Ugric and Samoyed folklore in the aspect of intercultural interaction. 150 Вестник угроведения. Т. 14. № 1 (56). 2024. Research materials: folklore collections, reference books, oral reports of informants, handwritten materials by P. E. Sheshkin. Results and novelty of the research: on the materials of Ob-Ugric and Samoyedic folklore, close-quarter weapon are correlated with historical realities, and the ways of their penetration into the folklore tradition are determined. 13 weapons are considered and systematized into 5 groups: cutting and thrusting, cutting, taper-cutting, thrusting, and impacting weapons. The involved military vocabulary of the Turkic languages testifies to the active contacts of the Ob Ugrians with their southern neighbors – the tribes of the Indo-Iranian and Iranian worlds (in particular, the names of metals). The conclusion is formulated that the southern influence left a noticeable mark on the armory culture of the Ob Ugrians and Samoyeds, but at the same time, the weapons of the taiga people are not without local originality. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the weapons of medieval warriors are comprehended comprehensively in a regional-ethnic aspect with the involvement of folklore and historical sources, as well as linguistic data as a reflection of intercultural contacts. Unpublished materials from the handwritten heritage of P. E. Sheshkin related to early epochs (according to his periodization), where weapons combine the functions of universal hunting and combat equipment, have been introduced into scientific circulation.
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Khanina, Olesya, and Andrey Shluinsky. "A rare type of benefactive construction: Evidence from Enets." Linguistics 52, no. 6 (October 16, 2014): 1391–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2014-0025.
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Abstract Together with other Northern Samoyedic languages, Enets shows a crosslinguistically unusual way of expressing benefactive semantics. The Enets benefactive construction consists of a specific “destinative” affix that marks the presence of a beneficiary in a given clause and of a possessive affix that marks the beneficiary itself. Both affixes are attached to one of the verb's arguments. This makes the beneficiary encoded as an adnominal dependent of the verb's argument. This paper has two goals. Firstly, a detailed description of the Enets benefactive construction is provided, including its morphology, morphosyntax, and peculiarities of the differential object marking. Secondly, we aim to establish crosslinguistic parallels with the Enets benefactive construction. While phenomena with similar semantic features have been attested in the world's languages, we show that the Enets construction demonstrates a unique set of semantic and morphosyntactic properties.
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Napolskikh, Vladimir V. "Origin of Words Denoting ‘Salt’ in the Selkup and Ugric Languages." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.062.
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In the Finno-Permian languages, the words denoting ‘salt’ are loans (from an Indo-European language of the Proto-Baltic or Iranian groups), while in the North Samoyedic languages, they are later innovations (a word meaning ‘white’). Their appearance can be associated with the spread of cattle breeding and agriculture among the respective peoples. The situation is similar in the Ugric languages and in Selkup, but the sources of words for ‘salt’ are different there. The Khanty (*sФl-nк) and Northern Mansi (solwкl) words for ‘salt’ were borrowed from the Permian *sЫl ‘salt’, or, more precisely, from its derivatives (compare Udmurt s2lal), between the first half and mid-first millennium AD, which mainly reflects the hunting and fishing lifestyle of the Ob-Ugrians before and during the contact (the word was borrowed to denote salt as a preservative from the Permians who were familiar with agriculture and cattle breeding). In the Mansi dialects except for the Northern dialect and in the Selkup language (in most dialects), apparently, the older word for ‘salt’ was kept (Mans. *CЁkkг ~ Selk. *њяq < *ќяq) going back to the Proto-Ugric times (there is a Hungarian parallel: szik ‘swamp; salt marsh, ground soda outlets’) when the Ugrians were familiar with the producing economy. Its only possible source may be the Yeniseian *VкЭ ‘salt’, which is of a Sino-Caucasian origin, or a word of some Sino-Caucasian language, since one can assume that this term has also penetrated into the languages of the peoples of the Far East. The Hungarian word for ‘salt’ (sв < *VaU) has a relatively late origin and is most likely to have been borrowed by the ancient Hungarians from the Adyghe languages (*ќкʁwк) before the Hungarian land-taking (between the fifth and ninth centuries).
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Nefedov, Andrey, and Elizaveta Kotorova. "Language contact and areal convergence in North Asia." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 32, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00086.nef.
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Abstract Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of North Asia. This large territory is also home to other language families: Samoyedic, Ob-Ugric, Tungusic, and Turkic. Apart from Yeniseian, which are strikingly unique, all language groups in the area conform to a common typological profile. Subsequent to contact over several hundred years, many of the core grammatical features that distinguish Yeniseian from the other language families have undergone a ‘typological accommodation,’ a phenomenon most prominent in Modern Ket, to mimic the dominant language type in the area. The present article aims to provide an overview of some ways in which typological accommodation has affected the phonemic tones and nominal and verbal morphology in Modern Ket, and to show that this peculiar phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level in formation of adverbial and relative clauses. As such, the paper presents that the phonemic and morphological structures of Modern Ket uniquely position the language for discourse and communication. Here, its speakers deploy these communicative devices, specifically designed followed extended contact with other languages, as representative of their language community.
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Fortescue, Michael. "How the accusative became the relative." Journal of Historical Linguistics 6, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.6.1.03for.
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Abstract The Eskimo-Uralic hypothesis of a genetic link between Eskimo-Aleut and the Uralic languages is now reaching its second centenary. Two major problems with its advancement since Bergsland’s (1959) summary of its status are addressed in this article. The first of these is the lack of an obvious correlate of the ubiquitous Eskimo-Aleut (EA) relative case marker -m in Uralic; the other is the lack of an m-initial first person singular morpheme in EA to correlate with that of the Uralic languages. That the EA singular genitive/relative marker -m — as well as the instrumental/accusative singular -mək based on it — might be cognate with Uralic singular accusative -m was suggested already by Sauvageot (1953), but no firm conclusion on the matter has since been reached. This has remained a tantalizing possibility, despite the conflicting semantics. However, the remarkable morphosyntactic parallels between Eskimo-Aleut and Samoyedic in particular have grown more apparent with recent publications. A solution is proposed, linking the emergence of ergativity in the Eskimo-Aleut family with a reanalysis of the original nominative-accusative case marking system.
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Жамсаранова, Раиса Гандыбаловна. "SEL’KUP-KHAMNIGAN-BURYAT LEXICAL CORRESPONDENCES." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 1(31) (June 29, 2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-1-21-33.
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Статья описывает наличие самодийско-монгольских языковых контактов на примере нарицательной лексики селькупского, хамниганского говора бурятского языка и литературного бурятского языка. Обнаружились как лексические, так и семантические соответствия селькупских, хамниганских и бурятских слов, что наводит на необходимость постановки проблемы изучения природы данных соответствий, как в аспекте этноязыкового субстрата, так и в плане языковых заимствований как результата длительных контактов. Перспективным оказалось привлечение лексики из Хамниганско-русского словаря, составленного, в том числе, и на основе полевых записей известного бурятского просветителя Цыбена Жамцарано, изданных в виде сборника «Улигеры ононских хамниган» в1911 г. Т. н. «к-говор» хамниган позволяет предполагать, что этот говор представляет собой «промежуточный» язык или пространственно-временной предел в историческом развитии бурятского языка. К примеру, сопоставление хамниганского күбкэ(н), көбкө(н) ‘лесной мох’ и бурятского хубхээ(н) ‘мох’ обнаруживает чередование к- // х-, типичного и для селькупского қальдерқо ~ қальтырықо ‘ходить; бродить; бегать’ и бурятского халтирха ‘поскальзываться; скользить; кататься на санках’. При этом результаты исследования ономастической лексики Восточного Забайкалья позволяют обозначить все-таки субстратное начало селькупско-бурятских соответствий нарицательной лексики. В отечественной науке пока не разработана область межъязыковых диахронных контактов, которая смогла бы объяснить подобного рода соответствия в области лексики исследуемых языков. Промежуточным звеном средневековых этноязыковых параллелей, объясняющим попутно этногенетическое начало монголоязычных бурят, является т.н. «хамниганское» прошлое бурят, т. е. самодийское. Детальное изучение соответствий нарицательной лексики двух неродственных языков (что не исключает гипотезы урало-алтайского языкового союза) позволяет, во-первых, иметь в виду и наличие тюркоязычной основы как общей, возникшей преимущественно в средние века, во-вторых, подтверждает наличие типологически обусловленных языковых явлений как селькупского, так и бурятского языков в области фонологии и грамматики. The article describes the presence of Samoyed-Mongolian language contacts on the example of the common vocabulary of the Sel’kup, Khamnigan dialect of the Buryat language and the literary Buryat language. Both lexical and semantic correspondences of Sel’kup, Khamnigan and Buryat words were found. This suggests the problem of studying the nature of these correspondences, both in terms of the ethno-linguistic substrate and in terms of language borrowings as a result of long-term contacts. The lexica taken from the Khamnigan-Russian dictionary, compiled and being based on field records of well-known Buryat educator Tsyben Zhamtsarano’s collection of folklore texts “Sacred tales of the Ononsky khamnigans” in1911. We reveal the problem through phonological correlations. The so-called “K-speech” of Khamnigans suggests that this dialect represents the “intermediate” language, or the “space-time bor-der” in the historical development of the Buryat language. For example, a comparison of khamnigan kubke (n), kobko(n) ‘forest moss’ and Buryat khubhe(n) ‘moss’ reveals an alternation of k- // x-, typical for Sel’kup kalderko ~ kaltyryko ‘walk; wander; run’ and Buryat haltirkha ‘slip; slide; sledge’. The results of the Samoyedic onomastic substrate of Eastern Transbaikalia allow us to confirm thesis of the tribal names Samoyed and Khamnigan as one and the same onoma. We suppose the so-called “khamnigan” past of the Buryats, i. e. Samoyed, is an intermediate link, which simultaneously explains the ethnogenetic origin of the Mongolian-speaking Buryats. A detailed study of the correspondence of the common vocabulary of two unrelated languages (which does not exclude the hypothesis of the Ural-Altaic language union) allows, first, to keep in mind the presence of the Turkic-language basis as a common one, and secondly, confirms the presence of typologically determined linguistic phenomena of both Sel’kup and Buryat languages in the field of phonology and grammar.
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Simoncsics, P. "NEGATION IN SELKUP AS RELATED TO NEGATION IN OTHER SAMOYEDIC AS WELL AS IN NEIGHBOURING COGNATE AND NON-COGNATE LANGUAGES." Linguistica Uralica 32, no. 3 (1996): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.1996.3.05.
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Малышев, Александр Александрович. "THE SPEECH REPRESENTATION OF THE SAMOYEDS IN THE FIRST RUSSIAN POPULAR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE ABOUT THE SAMOYEDS (1732)." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 2(32) (October 14, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-2-49-57.
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Исследование посвящено рассмотрению стилистических особенностей подачи информации об одном из северных народов в первой печатной статье об этом народе, опубликованной в 1732 г. в научно-популярном академическом журнале «Примечания к Санкт-Петербургским ведомостям» (републикация [Малышев, 2014]) и рассчитанной на ознакомление читательской аудитории (преимущественно петербургской и московской) с образом жизни самоедов. Статья была подготовлена её автором на основании книги Николааса Витсена «Северная и Восточная Тартария» (Амстердам, 1692), однако определяющая роль отводится именно манере изложения пересказываемой книги. Материалы занимают четыре выпуска (16 страниц, части XXVIII–XXXI). Речевая репрезентация самоедов в статье происходит двояко: «извне» и «изнутри». Во-первых, статья выстроена по общей схеме, реализующей типичные шаги коммуникативного сценария этнографического информирования: 1) Сообщение ключевой номинации и этимологических сведений о ней; 2) Сообщение сведений о происхождении и составе народности; 3) Рассказ о взаимоотношениях с колонистами Русского Севера; 4) Описание религии и выявление её ключевых положений в жизни самоедов. Во-вторых, в конце статьи читатель видит часть языка, на котором говорят самоеды: приводятся примеры ключевых слов на архангелого-родском самодийском языке (71 слово и 16 коротких бытовых фраз), демонстрируются переводы молитвы «Отче наш» на три диалекта самодийского языка и счет от одного до десяти на этих же диалектах. Статья «О самоедах» не только рассказывала читателям о «чужом своём» народе, но и приобщала этот народ и занимаемую им территорию к другим народам и землям в составе российского государства. Тональность изложения формировала положительное восприятие самоедов как простого народа, живущего натуральным хозяйством, сохранившего черты первобытной культуры, но при этом добросердечного, отчасти наивного и дружелюбного. The article is devoted to the stylistic peculiarities of presenting information about one of the North-ern peoples in the first printed article about them, published in 1732 in the popular scientific academic magazine “Notes to the Saint-Petersburg Vedomosti” (republication [Malyshev, 2014]) and intended to acquaint the audience (mostly in St. Petersburg and Moscow) with the way of Samoyed's life. The article was prepared by its author on the basis of Nicolaes Witsen’s book “Noord en Oost Tartarye” (Amsterdam, 1692), but the defining role is precisely given to the stylistic manner of the recounted book presentation. The materials take four releases (16 pages, parts XXVIII–XXXI). In the article, the speech representation of Samoyeds is done doubly: “from the outside” and “from within”. First, the article is built according to the general scheme realizing typical steps of the ethnographic informing communicative scenario: 1) Contribution of the key nomination and etymological information about it; 2) Contribution of the nationality origin and structure; 3) Story about relationship with colonists of the Russian North; 4) Description of religion and its status in Samoyed’s life. Secondly, in the end of the article the reader can see a part of language which Samoyeds speak: some examples of keywords in Archangelsk Samoyed dialect (71 words and 16 short everyday phrases) are given, the translations of “Lord’s Prayer” prayer into three dialects of the Samoyed language (in Archangelsk, Turukhansk and Tafsk) and the counting from one to ten on the same dialects are shown. The article “About the Samoyeds” not only told the Russian readers about the “strange foreign” people, but also acquainted these people and the territory they lived on with other people and lands as a part of the Russian state. In this article, the tonality as a key factor plays a special role in forming the reader’s general perception of the Russian North nation’s original culture and formed the positive perception of Samoyeds as common people which are living subsistence economy, kept streaks of primitive culture, but at the same time goodhearted, partly naive and friendly.
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Pajusalu, Karl, Kristel Uiboaed, Péter Pomozi, Endre Németh, and Tibor Fehér. "Towards a phonological typology of Uralic languages." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2018.9.1.08.
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The paper focuses on phonological similarities between Uralic languages. The study is based on a dataset which includes 33 word-prosodic and segmental features of 28 Uralic languages or main dialects, including all traditional subgroups of the language family. In statistical analysis clustering and dimension reduction techniques such as multidimensional scaling are applied. This methodology enables to explore distinctive subgroups of languages as well as calculate distances between languages and language groups. As a result we present a quantitative phonological typology. The main division appears between western and central-eastern phonological types of the Uralic languages. The detected phonological subgroups coincide with the traditional ones, i.e. Finnic, Saami, Mordvin, Mari, Permic, Hungarian, Ob-Ugric and Samoyedic. The Hungarian subgroup (Standard Hungarian, Csángó Hungarian) and the Ob-Ugric subgroup (Northern Mansi, Eastern Mansi, Northern Khanty, Eastern Khanty) are internally stable. However, their interrelation and relationship with other groups is ambiguous; according to our results, Hungarian is typologically closer to the Western Uralic language groups (i.e. Finnic and Saami), whereas Ob-Ugric languages form a distinct branch of Central-Eastern Uralic. In general, the results reveal a significant influence of multiple areal connections on the phonological formation of Uralic languages.Аннотация. Карл Паюсалу, Кристел Уйбоаэд, Петер Помози, Эндре Немет и Тибор Фехер: К фонологической типологии уральских языков. В статье рассматриваются фонологические сходства между уральскими языками. Исследование основывается на выборке данных, которая включает 33 просодических и сегментных признака, которые применяются к 28 уральским языкам или их основным диалектам. Эта выборка покрывает все традиционно выделяемые группы уральской семьи. Для статистической обработки данных используются методы кластерного анализа и многомерного шкалирования. Такой подход позволяет исследовать выявленные подгруппы языков и рассчитывать расстояния между языками и языковыми группами. Результатом анализа является квантитативная фонологическая типология. Основная граница разделяет западный и центрально-восточный типы уральских языков. Выявленные фонологические подгруппы языков совпадают с традиционными: прибалтийско-финская, саамская, мордовская, марийская, пермская, венгерская, обско-угорская и самодийская. Венгерская подгруппа (стандартный венгерский и чангошский диалект) и обско-угорская подгруппа (северный мансийский, восточный мансийский, северный хантыйский, восточный хантыйский) демонстрируют внутреннюю стабильность. Однако их собственные взаимоотношения и отношение к другим подгруппам неоднозначны: наши результаты показывают, что венгерский язык типологически ближе к западно-уральской группе (т. е. прибалтийско-финским и саамским языкам), тогда как обско-угорские языки оказываются четко выделяемой ветвью центрально-восточных уральских языков. В целом, результаты раскрывают существенное влияние разнообразных ареальных связей на становление фонологии уральских языков.Ключевые слова: уральские языки, прауральский язык, фонология, типология, просодия слова, лингвистические ареалыKokkuvõte. Karl Pajusalu, Kristel Uiboaed, Péter Pomozi, Endre Németh ja Tibor Fehér: Uurali keelte fonoloogilisest tüpoloogiast. Artikkel keskendub uurali keelte fonoloogiliste sarnasuste võrdlemisele. Analüüsitav andmestik hõlmab 33 sõnaprosoodilist ja segmentaalset tunnusjoont 28-st uurali keelest või põhimurdest, mille hulgas on keeli kõigist traditsioonilistest allrühmadest. Statistilises uuringus rakendatakse klasteranalüüsi ja multidimensionaalsest skaleerimist. Nii eristatakse olulised allrühmad ja arvutatakse kaugused keelte ja keelerühmade vahel, saades uurali keelte kvantitatiivse fonoloogilise tüpoloogia. Esmane lahknemine ilmneb geograafiliselt läänepoolsete ning kesk- ja idapoolsete uurali keelte vahel. Nende sees tulevad esile traditsioonilised allrühmad: läänemeresoome, saami, mordva, mari, permi, ungari, obiugri ja samojeedi. Ungari (ungari kirjakeel, csángó) ja obiugri (põhjamansi, idamansi, põhjahandi, idahandi) on sisemiselt stabiilsed, kuid suhe nende kahe rühma vahel on ambivalentne. Meie tulemuste põhjal on ungari tüpoloogiliselt lähedasem läänepoolsetele uurali keeltele (st läänemeresoomele ja saamile), obiugri keeled moodustavad aga eraldi allrühma kesk- ja idauurali keelte hulgas. Saadud tulemused näitavad areaalsete kontaktide tähtsust uurali keelte fonoloogilise eripära kujunemises.Märksõnad: uurali keeled, proto-uurali, fonoloogia, tüpoloogia, sõna prosoodia, keeleareaalid
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Belyaev, Andrey G., and Elena I. Shubnitsina. "On the Origin of Russian-Language Hydronyms of the Shchugor River Basin." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.005.
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The article discusses the history of the hydronyms Shchugor, Patok, Glubnik, Torgovaya, Volokovka, Pyatidyrka, and Semidyrka, i.e. the names of the Shchugor River and its several tributaries of the first and second orders. Presently, these names mostly have a “Russian” phonetic appearance, however, their historical variants suggest that some of them may be a result of semantic adaptation of pre-Russian names. The authors suggest that the hydronyms Pyatidyrka and Semidyrka originated from Nenets names with a composite determinant -dyrma, expressing recurrence and place of action. In other examples, there is a parallel coexistence of several similar versions of one hydronym belonging to different languages, cf.: Russian Torgovaya, Komi-Zyryan Törgövöy-yu, Nenets Menyaylava. This can be regarded as a testimony to the past and current contacts of the Russian population with indigenous peoples — speakers of Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic languages. In some cases, the older pre-Russian form of a hydronym might be missing, i.e. replaced by a Russian-language variant without any trace of the substrate name. For example, the Komi-Zyryan hydronym Pyzhenyuts (from Komi-Zyryan pyzh ‘boat,’ literally “River on which boats can sail”) was replaced in the Old Russian period by the name Padun and, later, by the name Patok, both of the latter hydronyms being originally Russian. The article also analyzes native Russian names for which the most probable motivation can be established based on geographic data. Incidentally, the traditional interpretation of the name of the river Glubnik as “deep river” or “river with deep places” is called into question, since such an interpretation does not correspond to physical and geographical features of the river, the authors interpret the name as “River flowing from the depths of the taiga.” All linguistic observations and etymological interpretations of hydronyms presented in the article are based on the analysis of a large array of cartographic sources of the 16th–20th centuries; finally examples are given of the distortion of the spelling of the hydronyms of the Shchugorsk area of the Urals on the maps of various times.
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Peyrot, Michaël. "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence." Indo-European Linguistics 7, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 72–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00701007.
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Abstract Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas’evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas’evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.
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Ковылин, Сергей Васильевич. "SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF THE WRITTEN MONUMENT IN SELKUP «CONVERSATIONS ABOUT THE TRUE GOD AND TRUE FAITH IN THE DIALECT OF OB OSTYAKS» (1900) BY ST. MACARIUS (NEVSKY)." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 3(29) (December 14, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-3-44-57.
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Данная работа посвящена описанию особенностей синтаксиса одного из первых памятников южноселькупской письменности, записанных св. Макарием (Невским) «Беседы об истинном Боге и истиной вере на наречии обских остяков». Анализируемый материал относится к средне¬обскому диалекту селькупского языка. Перевод памятника на селькупский был сделан св. Макарием с алтайского языка, а к тексту приложен буквальный русский перевод. Текст памятника был проанализирован на выявление порядков следования в нем основных элементов предложения: S — субъект, V — предикат, O — прямой объект. Доминирующими порядками слов текста памятника являются SOV, SV и OV, что соответствует порядку слов в самодийский языках в целом и в селькупском в частности. В тексте памятника распространены специальные конструкции, состоящие из имперфектного деепричастия и глагола и нефинитные клаузы с именами действия в локативном падеже для выражения обстоятельства времени. При сравнении с более современными среднеобскими текстами конструкции с имперфектным деепричастием и глаголом по-прежнему частотны, в то время как примеры с именем действия в локативном падеже отсутствуют. Вместо них используются финитные клаузы с союзами или союзными словами. Бессоюзный тип связи однородных членов предложения и сложносочиненных предложений сочетается в памятнике с параллельным использованием союзов и союзных слов, что в диахроническом аспекте можно рассматривать как развивающуюся инновацию. При сравнении с более поздними материалами по среднеобским говорам шёшкумов / шёшкупов можно утверждать, что использование союзов и союзных слов закрепилось в них. The aim of this work is to describe the syntactic features of one of the first written monuments in southern Selkup by St. Macarius (Nevsky) «Conversations About the True God and True Faith in the Dialect of Ob Ostyaks». The analyzed material is included in the Central-Ob dialect of the Selkup language. The translation of the monument into Selkup was made by St. Macarius from the Altaic language. The literal Russian translation is also attached to the text. The text of the monument was analyzed to identify the order of the main constituents of the sentence: S — subject, V — predicate, O — direct object. The dominant word orders of the text are SOV, SV и OV, which fully correspond to the word order in Samoyedic languages in general and in Selkup in particular. Special constructions consisting of an imperfect converb and a verb, as well as infinite clauses with a nomen actionis in the locative case to express the circumstance of time, are spread in the text. When compared with modern Middle-Ob texts, constructions with imperfect converbs and verbs are still frequent, while examples with a nomen actionis in the locative case are absent. Instead of them finite clauses with the connectives and connective words are used. The conjunctionless link type of the homogeneous parts of the sentence, as well as of complex sentences, is common. Connectives and connective words, including those borrowed from the Russian language, are also used. Comparing the obtained data with modern materials on the Middle-Ob dialect, no significant changes are noted in this aspect. The conjunctionless link type of the homogeneous parts of the sentence, as well as of complex sentences, is combined with parallel use of connectives and connective words, including those borrowed from the Russian language. Comparing the obtained data with modern materials on the Middle-Ob dialect, the use of connectives and connective words gained a foothold.
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Amelina, Maria. "The nominal declension system of the Western Tundra Nenets dialects in historical perspective: Archival materials of the 19th century and current field data." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 2 (December 2021): 59–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2021-2-59-131.
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The data on the nominal non-possessive declension system in the Western dialects of Tundra Nenets, represented in “Samoyedic Grammar” (“Samojedische Grammatik”) by archimandrite Veniamin Smirnov, are considered in the present article. “Samoyedic Grammar” is a handwritten archival manuscript of the 1st half of the 19th century from the collections of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg branch). The article consists of four sections. The first section provides general information about Tundra Nenets, with special attention paid to the distinctive features of the Western Nenets dialects. The second section provides general information about the “Samoyedic Grammar” (“Samojedische Grammatik”) written by archimandrite Veniamin, the history of its creation during the “Samoyedic mission” and its orthographic system. The third section is devoted to features of the nominal declension system of the Tundra Nenets literary language, types of nominal systems and grammatical nominal categories (number, case, possessivity, predestinativity); this section presents tables with the case/number non-possessive affixes in Tundra Nenets. The fourth section is the main part of this article: it presents tables with nominal non-possessive declension forms from the archimandrite Veniamin’s “Samoyedic Grammar”. The author compares them with the current data and highlights the features of the nominal declension system recorded by archimandrite Veniamin.
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Urmanchieva, Anna. "Энецкие показатели каритива и их прасамодийские источники." Ural-Altaic Studies 45, no. 2 (2022): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-141-147.
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The article examines three caritive markers in the Enets language: a verbal one -se (‘not to have something’), an attributive one -seδa/-seδe (‘(a person) not having something’) and an adverbial one -śuδiɁ (‘being without something’). It analyzes their Samoyedic cognates, both quite transparent and less obvious ones. The etymology of the attributive caritive marker is quite transparent even at the synchronic level: the forms of the attributive caritive (-se-δe) are imperfective participles from verbal caritive forms (-se). However, the formation of the imperfective participle in Enets in this case is accompanied by a complicated morphonological phenomenon: the form of the participial morpheme (-δe) with a fricative rather than a stop points to a glide that precedes that participial marker. Based on its Nganasan (adverbial caritive marker -kaj) and Mator (attributive caritive marker -gǝsta/-kǝsta) cognates, a protoform with the glide *j is reconstructed: for the verbal caritive, *-kaj, for the attributive caritive, *-kaj-ntå-jǝ̑. The etymology of the adverbial caritive marker -śuδiɁ is somewhat less obvious. The final -Ɂ is a reflex of the Proto-Northern Samoyedic adverbializer, which is used to form adverbs from adjectives (and causes the change of the quality of the preceding vowel). Accordingly, the adverbial form -śuδiɁ is formed from the hypothetical attributive form **-śuδe, which also resembles a participial form (-śu-δe). The allomorph of the participial marker (-δe) also points to a preceding etymological glide. In Mator, there is another caritive marker -gǝda/-kǝda, which can only go back to *-kaw-ntå(-jǝ̑): the protoform without the glide would have resulted in Mator **-gǝnda/-kǝnda, the protoform with the glide *j results in another Mator caritive marker -gǝsta /-kǝsta, mentioned above. The glide *w can also explain the appearance of the close back rounded vowel in Enets -śuδiɁ.
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Ilyina, Lyudmila A. "Semantic features of the sensory-evidential “auditive” grammeme in the Nenets shamanistic songs." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/20.
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The specific semantic features and the functions of sensory evidential verbal “auditive” forms are identified and specified in Nenets shamanistic ritual songs documented by Toivo Lehtisalo at the beginning of the 20th century. The significant typological specificity of Samoyedic evidential systems is the availability of verbal forms marked by special morphological formants expressing sensory evidential meanings. The verbal forms in question, indicating an auditory, acoustic source of receiving the information being communicated, are traditionally termed as “auditive” in Samoyedic linguistics. The cognitive problem is that the particular grammatical meaning of the auditive that is basic in the diachronic levels documented, in fact, coincides with the lexical meaning of the Samoyedic verbs of auditory perception. When used in evidential utterances, they indicate an auditory source of information communicated in the same way as the auditive grammemes in their basic meaning. That is why, at the later stages documented, the Samoyedic “auditive” is assumed to be redundant archaism that is not based on any actual communicative demand but only depends on folklore tradition. Nenets shamanistic ritual song texts informatively documented by Toivo Lehtisalo offer linguistically fact-based, historical, and ethnological facts. These facts make it possible to assume that the Samoyedic “auditive” primarily was grammaticalized in the sacral sphere, and its diachronically earlier semantics reflected the specificity of sacral shamanistic performance ritual communication with invisible ghost helpers. Therefore, the diachronically earlier auditive semantics was specific and different from the lexical semantics of auditive perception verbs.
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Dybo, Anna. "Proto-Samoyedic and Proto-Manchu-Tungusic Dwelling Names." Anthropos 117, no. 1 (2022): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2022-1-43.
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Tungus-Manchu and Samoyed peoples inhabit adjacent territories and live in a similar environment since antiquity. Both of these language families also underwent divergence at roughly the same time. It is interesting to see which dwelling names can be reconstructed for the different proto-language states of these families, and with which ethnographically or archaeologically attested dwelling types these words can be correlated.
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Normanskaja, Julia V. "Proto-Samoyedic accent: External and internal reconstruction." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 56 (December 1, 2018): 110–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/56/7.
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Napolskikh, V. V. "The Samoyed languages and the prehistory of Western Siberia (notes on the dissertation of A. Y. Urmanchieva)." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia 48, no. 4 (December 2023): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2023-4-71-88.
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The author examines the problems of the ancient ethnic history of Western Siberia, focusing on the history of internal and external relations of Samoyed languages considered in the dissertation “Reconstruction of the linguistic landscape of Western Siberia (based on the materials of Samoyed languages)” recently defended by A. Y. Urmanchieva. The study of the languages and prehistory of Western Siberia requires a new generalization of the materials accumulated over the last 20–30 years and therefore the dissertation looks timely. The linguistic argumentation and conclusions of the dissertation are very thorough, as a rule acceptable, and can provide a basis for such a generalization. However, numerous etymologies proposed in the dissertation should be critically assessed, with corrections, new interpretations, and approaches to be offered. In particular, more attention should be paid to the external relations of Samoyed languages with Ugrian and Yenisei languages. The prehistorical interpretation of linguistic data in the dissertation seems questionable, raising concerns about the actual meaning of the Stammbaum scheme, the need to take into account divergent, convergent, and contact language processes, the role of groups without living daughter languages in prehistory, the importance of geographical and typological coverage, and the inclusion of data from early written sources, archaeology, and other disciplines for better understanding ancient ethno-linguistic processes.
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Künnap, A. "On the Finnic and Samoyedic Genitive and Accusative Plural." Linguistica Uralica 43, no. 1 (2008): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2008.1.02.
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Polina I., Li. "THE GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST SYLLABLE VOWEL SYSTEM IN NENETS DICTIONARIES FROM A. M. SJÖGREN’S ARCHIVE." Ural-Altaic Studies 40, no. 1 (2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2021-40-1-47-60.
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This article describes the graphic features of the first syllable vowels in Pustozersk and Obdorsk dictionaries from A. M. Sjögren’s archive. The graphic analysis is carried out against the background of the Proto-Samoyed reconstructions by J. Janhunen, Nenets current literary norm, “Nenets-Russian Dictionary” by N. M. Tereschenko, “A Morphological Dictionary of Tundra Nenets Language” by T. Salminen, and “Dialectal Dictionary of the Nenets Language” by S. I. Burkova et al. The dialectal features of the dictionaries are compared to the modern ones. The area of the Pustozersk region is referred to as the territory where the central (Bolshezemelskiy) dialect is spoken. In one word the graphic representation of the 18th century Pustozersk dictionary coincides with the form of the modern Eastern dialect word. At the same time, in another word, the Western variant is attested. The territory where the Obdorsk dictionary was recorded is the territory where the speakers of the Eastern dialects of the Nenets language reside. In the Obdorsk dictionary, a variant that coincides with the Eastern variant is recognized. Some outstanding consonant features of the first syllable are also taken into consideration. For example, in the Pustozersk dictionary, the initial /ŋ/ is not represented graphically, as in Proto-Samoyedic reconstructions. The Obdorsk dictionary contains three graphic variants of the modern initial /ŋ/. The results are presented in comparison tables. The word examples are presented accordingly. In many ways, the reflexes presented in the Pustozersk dictionary correspond with modern ones. The reconstructed diphthongoids are graphically represented by the diphthongs in the Pustozersk dictionary, which is not the case for modern dictionaries. In comparison with modern dictionaries, reflexes in the Obdorsk dictionary are more diverse. The diphthongs are also used in the place of reconstructed diphthongoids.
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Kaksin, A. D. "From the history of studying the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 40 (2020): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-1-126-137.
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The article gives a general view of the modern Koibal dialect of the Khakass language. The history of studying Koibal speech includes several stages. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the first evidence of the people living at the mouth of the Abakan River and their language, was collected. Some interesting records were made by G. Miller, P. Pallas, G. Spassky, some other scientists and travelers. Comparing the people under study with other peoples inhabiting the Minusinsk Hollow at that time allowed defining quite a large number of peoples in this area (including Koibals) to be Samoyeds speaking languages with one common property: these are different versions of the Turkic type language. In other words, in that period already, the assimilation of Samoyeds languages by Turkic languages was underway. The article then provides an assessment of the main work of an outstanding Finno-Ugrist and Altaist Mathias-Alexander Castren in linguistic Turkology − a brief grammar of Koibal and Karagas dialects (published in 1857), with notes made by the prominent orientalist Nikolai Katanov to the text by Kastren taken into account. In the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries, the information on the Koibal dialect and other linguistic formations of this part of Southern Siberia was systematized by L. P. Potapov, N. A. Baskakov in the Khakass-Russian dictionary (1953) and an essay by S. I. Weinstein. Later, when the study of South Siberian languages was put on a serious scientific and organizational basis, the Koibal dialect, like other territorial varieties of the Khakass language, was described in sufficient detail by V. G. Karpov, M. I. Borgoyakov, D. F. Patachakova, O. P. Anzhzhanova, in Grammatik and the Khakass-Russian dictionary (2006). Finally, some lexical and grammatical phenomena in modern Koibal dialect are considered, and a scheme (model) of language interaction that resulted in the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language is introduced.
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Warries, Abel Radu. "Towards a new comparison of the pre-Proto-Tocharian and pre-Proto-Samoyed vowel systems." Indo-European Linguistics 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 169–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10022.
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Abstract During their migration from the Eastern European steppes to the Tarim Basin, the ancestors of the Tocharians must have come into contact with speakers of different languages, which may have influenced the early Tocharian language. Early Uralic has been identified as possibly having been the source of such influence, especially in the domain of phonology and nominal morphology. In a 2019 article, Michaël Peyrot focused specifically on pre-Proto-Samoyed influence on Tocharian, proposing among other things a comparison of the vowel systems. I will discuss this comparison and give an alternative interpretation. Three difficulties remained with Peyrot’s comparison regarding details of 1) the relative chronology of Tocharian sound changes, 2) the mechanism of change, and 3) the relative chronology of sound changes in Samoyed. After addressing these problems in more detail, I conclude that a different vowel comparison is possible, so that the hypothesis that pre-Proto-Tocharians were in contact with pre-Proto-Samoyed substrate is still plausible.
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Siegl, F. "A Note on Personal Pronouns in Enets and Northern Samoyedic." Linguistica Uralica 44, no. 2 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2008.2.04.
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Selyutina, Iraida Ya. "Phonetic Aspects of the Turkic-Mongolian Language Contacts." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-31-42.
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The purpose of the article is to identify traces of Turkic-Mongolian language contacts in the structural and taxonomic organization of consonant systems in the South Siberian Turkic languages and the Mongolian languages of Russia and the Mongolian People’s Republic. The work is based on the generalization of the results of long-term experimental phonetic studies obtained by Siberian linguists using a complex methodology that includes both linguistic methods of phonological analysis and objective methods of articulatory and acoustic phonetics. Instrumental data indicate significant structural and typological differences in the organization of Mongolian consonant systems, determined both by the processes of historical contact with the Turkic, Tungus-Manchu, and Ugro-Samoyed languages, and by the laws of immanent development. Khalkha-Mongolian and Kalmyk consonantism, which is based on a trichotomic opposition in articulatory tension (strong / weak / super-weak phonemes), is closer to the Tuva and Tofa languages – the South Siberian Turkic languages of the Sayan-Baikal branch of the Circum-Baikal language Union. This specificity can be considered as a result of the assimilating influence of the Mongolian ethnic groups on the previous Turkic-speaking population: by switching to the Mongolian language, the native Turks preserved their articulatory-acoustic base in it, focused on the relevance of the 3-step gradation of units according to the degree of tension. Another niche in the typological classification is occupied by the Hori-Buryat consonant system, structured by the binary opposition of weak and super-weak consonant phonemes. The unacceptability of highly stressed settings for the articulatory base of native speakers includes the Khori-Buryat language in one cluster with the Turkic languages of the Altai-Sayan branch of the Circum-Baikal language Union (Altai, Khakass) formed on the Ugro-Samoyed substrate. The Yakut language, which was heavily Mongolized during the ethnic fusion of the ancient Turks and Khidans, has a consonantal system with a basic orientation to the opposition on the additional vocal cords work (voiceless / voiced / sonorous), developed under the influence of active contacts with the Tungus-Manchu tribes and under the pressure of the Russian phonological system. Instrumental data show that the Turkic-Mongolian language community is heterogeneous in its composition and structure, and the obvious material and structural-typological proximity of the consonant systems of the Altaic group languages is the result of convergence, rather than divergence from a common root.
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Selyutina, Iraida Ya. "Phonetic Aspects of the Turkic-Mongolian Language Contacts." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-31-42.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to identify traces of Turkic-Mongolian language contacts in the structural and taxonomic organization of consonant systems in the South Siberian Turkic languages and the Mongolian languages of Russia and the Mongolian People’s Republic. The work is based on the generalization of the results of long-term experimental phonetic studies obtained by Siberian linguists using a complex methodology that includes both linguistic methods of phonological analysis and objective methods of articulatory and acoustic phonetics. Instrumental data indicate significant structural and typological differences in the organization of Mongolian consonant systems, determined both by the processes of historical contact with the Turkic, Tungus-Manchu, and Ugro-Samoyed languages, and by the laws of immanent development. Khalkha-Mongolian and Kalmyk consonantism, which is based on a trichotomic opposition in articulatory tension (strong / weak / super-weak phonemes), is closer to the Tuva and Tofa languages – the South Siberian Turkic languages of the Sayan-Baikal branch of the Circum-Baikal language Union. This specificity can be considered as a result of the assimilating influence of the Mongolian ethnic groups on the previous Turkic-speaking population: by switching to the Mongolian language, the native Turks preserved their articulatory-acoustic base in it, focused on the relevance of the 3-step gradation of units according to the degree of tension. Another niche in the typological classification is occupied by the Hori-Buryat consonant system, structured by the binary opposition of weak and super-weak consonant phonemes. The unacceptability of highly stressed settings for the articulatory base of native speakers includes the Khori-Buryat language in one cluster with the Turkic languages of the Altai-Sayan branch of the Circum-Baikal language Union (Altai, Khakass) formed on the Ugro-Samoyed substrate. The Yakut language, which was heavily Mongolized during the ethnic fusion of the ancient Turks and Khidans, has a consonantal system with a basic orientation to the opposition on the additional vocal cords work (voiceless / voiced / sonorous), developed under the influence of active contacts with the Tungus-Manchu tribes and under the pressure of the Russian phonological system. Instrumental data show that the Turkic-Mongolian language community is heterogeneous in its composition and structure, and the obvious material and structural-typological proximity of the consonant systems of the Altaic group languages is the result of convergence, rather than divergence from a common root.
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Normanskaja, Julia V. "Clothes Vocabulary in the Proto-Samoyed Language." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 68 (December 1, 2020): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/68/3.
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Voldina, T. V. "«Intellectual» games numӑs junt / nomt joŋil as one of the directions of the game culture of the Ob Ugrians." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-1-149-157.
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Introduction: the article considers the system of Ob-Ugric games developing memory and thinking. It includes competitive entertainment using sticks, planks, cubes, puzzle toys, and rope-weaving existing in the traditional culture of the Khanty and Mansi peoples. The material on the game culture of the Nenets in a comparative aspect is also given as evidence of close Ugric-Samoyedic intercultural ties, Objective: to present a complex of the main types of traditional Ob-Ugric intellectual games as one of the directions of the game culture of the Khanty and Mansi people; to present their classification. Research materials: oral reports of informants and data from published sources. Results and novelty of the research: the author has collected, described, systematized and for the first time comprehensively presented material on traditional Khanty and Mansi games and toys that develop mental abilities. The typology of this type of games is developed. The work also touches upon the problems of actualization of the game culture of the Ob Ugrians and the reconstruction of forgotten games and considers Ugric-Samoyedic parallels.
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Künnap, A. "Three North Samoyedic Prohibitive Auxiliaries: Nenetsńo-, ńō-, ńu-, ńū-,Nganasanńe-and Enetsi-." Linguistica Uralica 46, no. 2 (2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2010.2.04.
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Künnap, A. "Use of the Nominative of Samoyedic Substantives as Instances of Object and Attribute." Linguistica Uralica 45, no. 2 (2009): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2009.2.03.
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Бурыкин, А. А. "Uraangkhai-sakhalar: reflections on the origin and meaning of the name." Эпосоведение, no. 1(13) (March 29, 2019): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2019.13.27296.
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Предмет статьи составляет географическое название Урянхай как название провинции, где ныне проживают тувинцы, исторического этнонима уранхайцы и фольклорное название якутов ураангхай-сахалар. Значение и языковая принадлежность именования уранхай в течение многих лет обсуждается в литературе, расселение и этническая принадлежность тех, кого в источниках называли урянхайцами или похожими именами, также никогда не имели однозначной трактовки. В то же время географическая определенность территории с именем Урянхай в её границах, языковая принадлежность от топонимического этнонима уранхай и его возможная этимология чрезвычайно важны для изучения исторической географии Южной Сибири, этнического состава её территории и изучения её языкового ландшафта в исторической перспективе. Автор, дав обзор наиболее значимой литературы по проблеме и опираясь на сходно звучащие топонимы, соотносит топоним Уранхай с топонимами Уренгой, связанные с ареалом распространения самодийских языков в бассейне Оби, показывает, что такое наименование имеет статус географического апеллятива, а не конкретного названия географического объекта, и объясняет его из ненецкого языка как варё-нг-хой «гора с проталинами». Понятно, что объект с таким названием не поддаётся индивидуальной идентификации, но он понятен как название географической провинции, на территории которой проживают тувинцы, в течение долгого времени называвшиеся урянхайцами. Проблема фольклорного именования якутов ураангхай-саха в свете установления происхождения топонима Урянхай, с одной стороны, исторически связывает якутов с более южными территориями, в частности, с территорией Восточной Тувы, с другой стороны, наименование ураангхай-саха укладывается в модели наименования территориальных групп якутов по характеристике местности, где они проживают. В якутских олонхо именование ураангхай всегда соотносится с народом-носителем стандарта традиционной тюркской культуры. Упоминания уранкаев в эвенкийских эпических текстах без сомнения отражают влияние якутского фольклора, отождествление уранхаев с эвенками, как предполагали отдельные исследователи, оказывается неубедительным. The subject of the article is a geographical name Uryankhai, the former name of the province where Tuvans live now, the historical ethnonym uraangkhai, and folklore name of the Sakha people uraangkhai-sakhalar. For many years, the meaning and linguistic identity of the naming Uraangkhai have been discussed in the literature; the spatial distribution and ethnicity of those referred to as uraangkhai or similar names have never had an unambiguous interpretation. At the same time, the certainty of the geographical territory named Uryankhai within its boundaries, the linguistic affiliation of the toponymical ethnonym uraangkhai and its probable etymology are extremely important for learning the historical geography of southern Siberia, for studying the ethnic composition of its territory and its linguistic landscape in the historical perspective. Giving an overview of the most important literature on the issue and relying on similarly sounding names, the author relates the toponym Uryankhai with the place name Urengoi, associated with the area of distribution of Samoyedic languages in the Ob River basin, shows that such a name has the status of a geographic appellative, and not a specific name of a geographic object, and explains it from the Nenets language as varyo-ng-hoi ‘the mountain with thawed patches’. It is clear that the object with the same name defies individual identification, but it is understandable as the name of a geographical province, whose territory is inhabited by Tuvans, who were called uryangkhai for a long time. In the light of the established origin of the toponym Uryankhai, the folk naming Uraangkhai-Sakha, on the one hand, historically connects Sakha (Yakut) people with the more southern territories, in particular, with the territory East Tuva; on the other hand, the name Uraangkhai-Sakha fits in the model of naming territorial groups of Sakha people according to the characteristics of the area where they live. In the Yakut Olonkho, naming uraangkhai always correlates with the people bearing the standard traditional Turkic culture. Mentioning of uraangkhai in the Evenki epic texts reflect, without a doubt, the influence of the Yakut folklore, hence, the identification of uraangkhai with the Evenki, as suggested by some researchers, is unconvincing.
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Gramatchikova, Natalya. "The Peoples of Northern Russia Through the Eyes of Russian Writer and Ethnographer S. V. Maksimov." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2016.250103.
Full textAbstract:
Mid-nineteenth-century Russian ethnography used fiction, artistry and education to enlighten the masses. Maksimov’s One Year in the North became one of the first examples of this new style of ethnography. Maksimov constructs ‘cultural masks’ regarding northern people (Samoyeds, Lapps, Karels, Zyrians). His impressions are developed out of long traditions and personal characterisations, such as: ‘little brothers’, blacksmiths, tricksters, ‘friends of deer and dogs’. The most interesting positions on his ‘evolutionary ladder’ are the first and the last, which belong to the Samoyeds and the Zyrians. Samoyeds find themselves partly outside the human space, but they are most diverse in the aspect of artistry. Zyrians, on the other hand, constitute a concern to their well-being. Maksimov’s biases are typical for this period of ethnographic development. Although Maksimov appreciates the spoken word, his colonial discourse replaced it by repulsion for Finno- Ugric languages. Artistry in the text of ‘ethnographic fiction’ enriches scientific discourse.
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Vaysman, Olga. "Against Richness of the Base: Evidence from Nganasan." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 28, no. 1 (August 14, 2002): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v28i1.3848.
Full textAbstract:
Since Optimality Theory is a highly output-oriented grammatical theory, the strongest hypothesis is that all systematic, language-particular patterns are the result of output constraints, and that there is no other place from which such patterns can derive. In particular, input is not a level of derivation that can be constrained. This principle is known as Richness of the Base hypothesis, and it states that there are no constraints on the input structure of words, and that all linguistic constraints are statements on the surface structure only. In other words, Richness of the Base attributes all systematic phonological patterns to constraint rankings, not to difference in inputs. In this paper, I consider some consonant gradation facts from a Uralic Samoyedic language Nganasan, and argue that (at least the strict interpretation of) the Richness of the Base hypothesis runs into problems when we deal with full range of relevant data from this language, namely isolated words, compounds, and borrowings.