Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sanction

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sanction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sanction"

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Fedyunina, A. A., and Yu V. Simachev. "The world in the maze of sanctions: Ambiguity of empirical evidence." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 8, 2024): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-5-27.

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The article examines various effects of sanction restrictions on target countries. To achieve this, the results of over 50 academic studies from the past decade regarding the impact of sanctions on different countries are analyzed and structured. This analysis is based on the study of sanction episodes predominantly from the 1980s to 2015. It is noted that sanctions have been extensively employed in the past decade, attributed to the intensification of international competition and increased conflict in global development. It is shown that the effects of sanctions exhibit strong ambiguity, tem
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Burkart, Julia. "Sanction and Sanctity." Residential Treatment For Children & Youth 10, no. 1 (1992): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j007v10n01_03.

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Tucker, Ross, Ben Hester, Sharief Hendricks, James Brown, and Éanna C. Falvey. "Sanctioned illegal high tackles significantly increase concussion risk to both tacklers and ball carriers in elite men’s Rugby Union." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 2 (2024): e001932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001932.

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ObjectivesTackles making contact above the sternum increase concussion and head injury assessment (HIA) risk in Rugby Union. The sport has introduced harsher sanctions to change tackler behaviours to reduce this risk. This increased high tackle sanction numbers, though it is unknown whether sanction severity is associated with injury risk.MethodsThe sanction decision made by match officials for tackles resulting in 157 HIA1 removals, of which 91 were confirmed concussions, was evaluated. The propensity of sanction types, ranging from no foul play to red card, was compared after calculating con
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Setiyono. "CRIMINAL SANCTION CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST CORPORATION COMMITTED ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OFFENCES IN FEW COUNTRIES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.22.

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This study aims to analyze the character of the sanctions system against corporations that commit consumer protection crimes. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature about sanctioned individuals and corporations by comparing the sanction and fines in few countries. Criminal sanctions in force in a country are very dependent on the state's reaction to the deviant activities of the corporations in the society concerned. The state's response was manifested in the sanction system policy towards corporations that commit criminal acts. A sanction sy
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Setiyono. "CRIMINAL SANCTION CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST CORPORATION COMMITTED ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OFFENCES IN FEW COUNTRIES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.22.

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This study aims to analyze the character of the sanctions system against corporations that commit consumer protection crimes. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature about sanctioned individuals and corporations by comparing the sanction and fines in few countries. Criminal sanctions in force in a country are very dependent on the state's reaction to the deviant activities of the corporations in the society concerned. The state's response was manifested in the sanction system policy towards corporations that commit criminal acts. A sanction sy
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Anoraga, Surya. "HARMONISASI PERDA NOMOR 4 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG RTRW KOTA MALANG DENGAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN BIDANG LINGKUNGAN HIDUP." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no. 2 (2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6004.

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Law that positively regulates the imposition of civil sanctionx, administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions as regulated in Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning and more on the local regulation Malang No. 4 of 2011 on Spatial Planning Malang Year 2010- 2030 (RTRW). Administrative and criminal sanctions as a sanction premium remedium while criminal sanctions as a sanction ultimum remedium. Former Act and regulation are still not meticulous in designing/forming. That is evidenced still weakness in some of the provisions in the legislation are still related to civil sanctions, administr
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Redman, Jamie. "The Benefit Sanction: A Correctional Device or a Weapon of Disgust?" Sociological Research Online 25, no. 1 (2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419851132.

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The benefit sanction is a dominant activation policy in Britain’s ‘welfare-to-work’ regime. While policymakers believe in their necessity to correct behaviour, research shows benefit sanctions cause additional harm to Britain’s marginalised groups. Drawing upon a small-scale qualitative study, this article first navigates new territory, mapping the ways stigma emerges from the state – channelled through the benefit sanction – and manifests in the lives of sanctioned claimants. Acknowledging wider evidence, the sanction is then argued to have failed as a correctional device. Rather, taking into
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Tikhonova, S. S., and A. I. Kokunov. "MODELS OF ARTICLE SANCTIONS OF THE SPECIAL PART OF CODIFIED CRIMINAL LAW FOR MINOR OFFENCE CRIMES: MODERN LAW-TECNICAL THEORY AND LEGISLATIVE PRACTICE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 6 (2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-6-241-247.

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Possible models of article sanctions of the special part of codified criminal law for minor offence crimes w are presented. Sanctions prescribing one main punishment are single. Sanctions prescribing several main punishments are alternative. Single sanctions can theoretically have 3 types: single sanction with imprisonment; single sanction without imprisonment with more lenient punishment; single sanction without imprisonment with more strict punishment. Alternative sanctions can be subdivided on alternative sanction with imprisonment and lowering alternative; alternative sanction with impriso
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Guastaferro, Wendy P., and Leah E. Daigle. "Linking Noncompliant Behaviors and Programmatic Responses." Journal of Drug Issues 42, no. 4 (2012): 396–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042612461773.

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Drug courts are charged with positively influencing the behavior of a difficult-to-treat population. Sanctions represent a drug court’s efforts to instill accountability in participants, an important component of behavior modification. This research examined the application of sanctions within a drug court’s proactive supervision model and sanctions matrix. An exploratory analysis of individual-level factors (including risk level, treatment characteristics, and punishment history) that increase the likelihood of receiving a sanction was conducted. Factors related to receiving any type of sanct
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Lauts, E. B. "Anti-Sanction Regulation of the Banking Services Market and Anti-Crisis Legal Regime of Banking Activities." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.101.1.070-079.

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The article attempts to correlate the anti-sanction regulation of the banking services market and the anti-crisis legal regime of banking. The author distinguishes between the sanctions regime and the anti-sanction legal regime that frames the anti-sanction regulation of the relevant market and is part of its anti-crisis regulation. The article substantiates that the antisanctions legal regime does not include means of counter-sanctions, since the latter do not aim to mitigate the sanctions regime for the relevant market, but are retaliatory restrictive measures that often also negatively affe
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sanction"

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Koukezian, Thomas. "Sanction pénale sanction disciplinaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G018.

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Deux thèses s’affrontent concernant les liens qu’entretiennent la sanction pénale et la sanction disciplinaire. Une première conception considère que la sanction disciplinaire est distincte de la sanction pénale. Elle en diffère tellement qu’on ne saurait les rapprocher. L’autre conception, plus actuelle, considère que la sanction disciplinaire est une variété de la sanction pénale, qui la supplée ou la double, et qui obéit, en partie du moins, à des principes communs. La deuxième conception semble évidemment plus en phase avec la réalité. Cependant, cette façon d’entrevoir ces deux matières n
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Muller, Laurent. "La sanction est-elle éducative ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0141.

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Si la sanction en éducation est un fait, est-elle pour autant légitime ? Partant du principe que le fait ne fait pas droit, même lorsqu’il est soutenu par une longue histoire, notre travail consiste à sonder les raisons qui ont fait de la sanction ce prétendu incontournable pédagogique.Le destin de l'éducateur est-il de sanctionner ? Que l’éducateur entende élever (par expiation ou la responsabilisation), dresser ou contrôler la conduite (par intimidation), sanctionner par principe (par référence à une loi source de toute valeur), l’effet est le même et le cercle logique patent : la sanction e
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Boukhdoud, Bahaa. "La sanction du manquement contractuel." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0111.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la sanction du manquement contractuel. Le cadre de cette recherche est tracé par l'examen comparé de cette notion dans le droit français positif et le droit libanais des obligations. En effet, des relations fortes se présentent entre ces deux systèmes juridiques : longtemps, le droit français a ainsi été une source puissante d'inspiration pour le droit libanais. Notre étude va s'appuyer sur la dynamique suivante : la réparation est généralement présentée par la doctrine majoritaire comme la sanction dominante du manquement contractuel et ceci conformément à
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Tzutzuiano, Catherine. "L'effectivité de la sanction pénale." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0093/document.

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La question de l’effectivité de la sanction pénale fait régulièrement débat. La sanction pénale serait, bien souvent, partiellement effective. Il faut dire que selon une acception classiquement répandue, l’effectivité de la sanction pénale correspondrait au taux d’application de la sanction prononcée et au rapport de conformité entre la sanction prononcée et la sanction exécutée. Tout écart entre ces deux pôles serait la manifestation d’une situation d’ineffectivité. Cette approche de l’effectivité est réductrice, elle ne permet pas d’appréhender cette notion dans sa globalité. Considérant com
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Tzutzuiano, Catherine. "L'effectivité de la sanction pénale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0093.

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La question de l’effectivité de la sanction pénale fait régulièrement débat. La sanction pénale serait, bien souvent, partiellement effective. Il faut dire que selon une acception classiquement répandue, l’effectivité de la sanction pénale correspondrait au taux d’application de la sanction prononcée et au rapport de conformité entre la sanction prononcée et la sanction exécutée. Tout écart entre ces deux pôles serait la manifestation d’une situation d’ineffectivité. Cette approche de l’effectivité est réductrice, elle ne permet pas d’appréhender cette notion dans sa globalité. Considérant com
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Allen, Kevin. "WINNING THE WAR: SANCTION EFFECTIVENESS AND CONSEQUENCES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/48.

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Chapter 1 shows that there is a negative relationship observed between sanctions and civil liberties in the target country, which is driven by how exposed the target country's trade was to the sanctioning countries. Using a fixed panel regression covering 160 countries from 1972-2005, it is found that import exposure to the sanctioning countries drives this negative relationship, with every percentage point of import exposure reducing the inverted FHI freedom score by 0.165 points. This implies that restricting imports to a country that promotes an oppressive response by the targeted governmen
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Baldes, Olivia. "La sanction professionnelle en droit pénal des affaires : contribution à une théorie générale de la sanction." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1039.

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Le sujet par son intitulé "la sanction professionnelle en droit pénal des affaires" évoque à chacun l'idée que la sanction professionnelle serait la sanction applicable en droit pénal des affaires. En effet, par correspondance des termes utilisés, on comprend logiquement que le sujet concerne « le droit pénal des affaires » et plus spécifiquement une sanction qui lui serait potentiellement réservée : « la sanction professionnelle ». Or, paradoxalement, les liens entre ces différents termes ne sont pas clairement définis par le Droit. A ce stade, seul un lien intuitif les relie. Notre démarche
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Sun, Yushuang. "Sanction Success and Domestic Dissent Groups." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/628.

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Despite the low success rate indicated by scholarly assessments, economic sanctions remain a commonly used foreign policy tool. Why do policymakers often turn to economic sanctions with great hope and enterprise in spite of their unimpressive success record? What determines a sanction outcome? Does the internal political dynamic of target matter in this case? How does it relate to different regime type? Hence this thesis examines the conditional relationship between the presence of domestic political opposition in the target state and sanction success conditional on the regime type by using da
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Eddadsi, Bouchra. "La certitude de la sanction pénale." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0040.

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L'interrogation sur la certitude ou l'incertitude de la sanction pénale ne date pas d'aujourd'hui. Dès 1974, Cesare BECCARIA affirmait que « ce n'est pas la rigueur des châtiments qui prévient le plus sûrement les crimes, c'est la certitude du châtiment (. . . ) la perspective d'un châtiment modéré, mais inévitable fera une impression plus forte que la crainte vague d'une punition terrible, auprès de laquelle se présente quelque espoir d'impunité ». Aujourd’hui, plus que jamais, la certitude de la sanction pénale est une priorité. La peine et son efficacité suscitent de plus en plus de polémiq
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Ounnir, Abdallah. "La Sanction en droit pénal marocain." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10034.

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L’intervention pénale subit actuellement une sorte de tiraillement délégitimant en Occident le débat opposant les partisans de la répression pénale à ceux qui prônent à l'extrême avant garde l'abolition même du droit pénal. En pays d'islam, on assiste, depuis la révolution iranienne, au renouveau du consensus métaphysique et religieux en matière de justice pénale. Les fondamentalistes se référent en effet a un ordre supérieur à l'ordre social pour convaincre le criminel et la conscience du juge que la peine infligée est juste. La législation pénale était coutumière au Maroc préislamique, elle
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Books on the topic "Sanction"

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Elwood, Roger. Deadly sanction. Word Pub., 1993.

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Chawaf, Chantal. La sanction. Des femmes, 2004.

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Haig, Brian. Secret sanction. Warner Books, 2002.

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Haig, Brian. Secret Sanction. Grand Central Publishing, 2002.

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1923-, Rosenthal Jean, and Beyvin Philippe, eds. La sanction. Gallmeister, 2010.

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Harrison, Kim. Black Magic Sanction. HarperCollins, 2010.

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Sanction. Canelo, 2020.

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Sanction. Independently Published, 2022.

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Sennen, Mark. Sanction. Canelo, 2020.

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Tré-Hardy, Pierre. Sanction. SOUFFLES LITTER, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sanction"

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Ouyang, Yu, and Michael A. Morgan. "Sanction Rhetoric and Sanction Activities." In The Evolving American Presidency. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39493-5_4.

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Eyler, Robert. "To Sanction or Not to Sanction?" In Economic Sanctions. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610002_1.

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Howard, Jonathan. "Feedback Sanction." In Cognitive Errors and Diagnostic Mistakes. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93224-8_7.

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Asbury, Neal. "Sanction Fever." In Conscientious Equity. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114210_8.

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Sam, Khin Moe. "Feedback Sanction." In Decision Making in Emergency Medicine. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0143-9_23.

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Drury, A. Cooper. "Evaluating Sanction Effectiveness." In Economic Sanctions and Presidential Decisions. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403976956_3.

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Eyler, Robert. "Basic Sanction Analysis." In Economic Sanctions. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610002_2.

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Benton, Gregor. "The Penal Sanction." In Chinese Indentured Labour in the Dutch East Indies, 1880–1942. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05024-4_4.

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Prescott, J. J. "Criminal Sanction and Deterrence." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_19-1.

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Prescott, J. J. "Criminal Sanction and Deterrence." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_19-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sanction"

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Saraswathi, K., N. T. Renukadevi, K. G. Akshaya, and S. Kanishka. "Hyper Parameter Optimization in Machine Learning For Enhancing Loan Sanction Processes." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724586.

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Nafila Vidyana, Amila, and Martha Tri Lestari. "Strategy of Customer Goods Company Through Instagram in Dealing With BDS Actions (Boycott, Divestment, Sanction)." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicyta64807.2024.10912880.

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Drieniková, Kristína, Ľubica Zubaľová, and Marianna Bučányová. "EU-Russia Trade Under Sanctions: An Analysis of Trade Dynamics and Intensity." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.101-115.

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In recent years, there has been a marked escalation in tensions between Russia and Ukraine, culminating in an armed conflict. In response to this aggression, the international community has adopted a series of sanction measures as a form of protest. The European Union joined this effort, significantly affecting the development of bilateral relations not only from a political perspective but also in terms of trade. This has led to a substantial decline in the volume of mutual trade and a reduction in Russia's share of the EU's total trade. The aim of this paper is to highlight the development a
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Schlachta, Boglárka. "The Disciplinary Cases of the Judges Regarding the Judicial Practice... of the (Royal) Court of Appeal of Budapest (1936–1950)." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students. Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-12.

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At the beginning of the indicated time period the disciplinary liability of the judges was governed by Act III of 1936 in Hungary. In the course of my research, I analyse the corresponding judicial practise from 1936 to 1950 based on the sources in the Capital Archives of Budapest. I observed the judicial practice of the disciplinary council of the Royal Court of Appeal of Budapest. During the processing of the cases, I categorized the disciplinary cases according to the subject of the proceedings. As per this categorization, the following ones shall be highlighted: breach of official duty, in
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Mashudi, Dr. "Social Sanction Versus Legal Sanction in Corruption Case." In 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries: Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.18.

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Kirubanantham, P., A. Saranya, and D. Senthil Kumar. "Credit Sanction Forecasting." In 2021 4th International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccct53315.2021.9711790.

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Kostic, Jelena, and Marina Matic Boskovic. "Alternative Sanctions in the Republic of Serbia, Contemporary Challenges and Recommendations for Improvement." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.19.

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The application of alternative sanctions has positive effects both on the re-socialization of perpetrators of criminal acts, and on the reduction of pressure on institutions for the enforcement of prison sanctions. The use of alternative sanctions enables the offender to continue working, educating, keeping family connections, and other activities that may have preventive effect on the crime re-commission and prevent stigmatisation that person might have after the prison sanction. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the effectiveness of the application of alternative sanctions in the
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Knowles, Bran, and John T. Richards. "The Sanction of Authority." In FAccT '21: 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445890.

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Mahmud, Ade, Dian Alan Setiawan, Eka Juarsa, Dey Ravena, Taufiq Rahman, and Iman Sudirman. "Model of Applying Criminal Sanctions in Overcoming Corruption Through Criminal Sanction by Substitute Money." In 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.006.

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Khan, Kamran. "Double-edged sword of the economic sanctions harms the regional economic connectivity and globalization and disturbs the international economic relations." In The 28th International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/cike2024.05.

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The country that imposes sanctions and the sanctioned country both face significant economic losses in miscellaneous sectors of the economy, employment shrinkages, and in many cases create obstacles for projects of an economic nature. Economic sanctions make it difficult to achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals. Pakistan cannot start construction work on the 56-inch diameter Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline because of United States sanctions fear. The result will be the 18 billion dollar penalty, which will seek Iran from Pakistan in the future if Pakistan fails to complete the pr
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Reports on the topic "Sanction"

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Kavakli, Kerim Can, Giovanna Marcolongo, and Diego Zambiasi. Sanction-busting through tax havens. UNU-WIDER, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/363-5.

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Boguchwal, Louis. Sanction Effectiveness in Iran: A Network Optimization Approach. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570106.

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Perez-Vincent, Santiago M., and David Puebla. Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy: Evidence from a Vignette Experiment in Central America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013056.

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This paper examines the impact of procedural justice and sanctions on police legitimacy in a middle-income context using a between-subjects vignette experiment among civilians and police officers in Honduras. The scenarios involved civilian--police interactions following a minor infraction, varying in whether the police officer treated the civilian respectfully or disrespectfully, and whether a sanction (fine) was imposed. Respectful treatment increased satisfaction, acceptance of decisions, and willingness to cooperate, while sanctions had the opposite effects on these variables. Sanctions lo
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Bleck, Jaimie, Jessica Gottlieb, and Katrina Kosec. When will civil society sanction the state? Evidence from Mali. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136571.

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Brownworth, Anders, Jon Durfee, Michael Junho Lee, and Antoine Martin. Regulating Decentralized Systems: Evidence from Sanctions on Tornado Cash. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1112.

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Blockchain-based systems are run by a decentralized network of participants and are designed to be censorship-resistant. We use sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury on Tornado Cash (TC), a smart contract protocol, to study the impact and effectiveness of regulation in decentralized systems. We document an immediate and lasting impact on TC following the sanction announcement, measured by market reaction, transaction volume, and diversity of users. Still, net flows into TC contracts recover to and surpass pre-announcement levels for most pools, supporting viability of TC. Eviden
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Bai, Xiwen, Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, Yiliang Li, Le Xu, and Francesco Zanetti. The (Un)Intended Consequences of Oil Sanctions Through the Dark Shipping of Sanctioned Oil. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33486.

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Eaton, Jonathan, and Maxim Engers. Sanctions. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3399.

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Seroa da Motta, Ronaldo. Determinants of Environmental Performance in the Brazilian Industrial Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011023.

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Abstract:
This study will analyze the determinants of environmental performance in the Brazilian industrial sector. It uses a database conducted by the Brazilian National Confederation of Industries inquiring about questions on environmental management over 325 medium and large firms referred to the year 1997. We have been able to test three proxies of environmental performance, such as: a weighted average number of environmental control practices, environmental investments and operational cost ratios, controlling for actual data on market incentives and enforcement pressures as well as for declared mot
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Hart, Oliver, David Thesmar, and Luigi Zingales. Private Sanctions. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30728.

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NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI. Targeted Financial Sanctions Simulation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430527.

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