Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sanction civile'
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Grévy, Manuela. "La sanction civile en droit du travail /." Paris : LGDJ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388025868.
Full textGrévy, Manuela. "La sanction civile en droit du travail." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100044.
Full textSansone, Guillaume. "Les sanctions en procédure civile." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0468.
Full textIrrecevabilité, nullités de forme et de fond, caducité, péremption, radiations, exception d’incompétence, etc… Many procedural sanctions can threaten the litigant during the trial. These threats are real, but their outlines are blurry. The code of civil procedure appears to contains a rigorous and harmonious sanction law. However, many technical imperfections are unveiled whenever a sanction is determined or pronounced. This study has attempted a comprehensive inventory of these imperfections. During the last decade, lawmakers have not tackled these technical flaws, and kept on using sanctions as tools to serve interests of judicial policy. In reality, this policy of using sanctions as legal instruments goes against the true spirit and ambitions of the author of the law reducing disputes at all cost. This policy goes against the very conception of the civil procedure as a servant of private rights. These flaws being exposed, we proposed a new method, being more respectful of justice. For this method to flourish, it had to come with a rethought typology of sanctions, which corrects these imperfections. Too often, procedural error is reduced to it sanction component. In fact, once the sanction has been identified, some questions remain unanswered, among which the most decisive one: pronounce or avoid the sanction. In order to answer this question, the rules governing the application of sanctions had to be reconsidered
Desfour, Mary-Hélène. "Contribution à la réflexion sur la notion de sanction pénale dans le droit positif contemporain français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1103.
Full textThe traditional conception of the notion of criminal penalty is based on a functional criterion that can be synthesized in two axioms: only the criminal penalty is punitive and all criminal penalties are punitive. This conception leads to the assimilation of the notion of criminal sanction penalty to that of punishment. The hypothesis of this analysis is to consider whether one can abandon this conception by checking whether the material criterion on which it relies is still relevant. The first part of the thesis tends to demonstrate that the traditional functional criteria is challenged when confronted with contemporary positive law data. It reveals a dualism of conception of the punitive function. Indeed, the internal common law and the law of human rights do not admit a unitary conception of this function which will lead to a split of jus puniendi which obsoletes the traditional criterion. The second part highlights the acceptance of a modern unitary criterion of the criminal penalty notion. Indeed, the renewal of the type of penalty at the edges of this concept, combined with the establishment of a common exclusion criterion of these penalties from the criminal penalty enable to establish that contemporary positive law (that is to say that having fully assimilated the normative dualism that now prevails in criminal law) now admits a modern criterion: the specific nature of the beneficial interest of the criminal penalty. The renewal of the criterion in fine therefore allows to consider a new definition of the criminal sanction and provides a justification for its contemporary developments
Supera, Sasha. "La responsabilité civile extracontractuelle pour faute comme fondement de la sanction de l'abus de la liberté d'expression." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS564.
Full textTortious liability or Torts are useful to obtain compensation for damages of Speech : a careless paper, an unkind word or the disclosure of confidential informations. Tortious liability is currently used by the States of Belgium and Luxembourg. However, in France, on July 12th 2000, Cassation Court judges took several decisions to prevent tort law to be used in Freedom of Speech processes. Since then, France has been on a wrong path. This dissertation attempts to prove necessary the return of tortious liability in the media industry and law. France is often targeted by the ECHR for violation of article 10 (freedom of speech rights). So far, noone dared to form a request to the Strasbourg Court on the French Tort law ban. However, several reasons and arguments are available to the reader in order to expect that eventually France will be found wrong to keep on the ban of civil liability in speech freedom cases
Saad, Khalifa Mohamed. "La sanction de l'imperfection de l'acte juridique. (Essai d'une théorie générale en droit civil français et égyptien )." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11017.
Full textThere is one problem among the many relating to legal documents that has not been looked at generally in either Egypt or France - the penalties of imperfections in legal documents. It is with a view to regulating private and public interests simultaneously that civil law uses a variety of techniques in this respect, in addition to penal sanctions. All of these are part and parcel of the theory of legal documents at the present time. This being so, invalidity is not the only sanction consequent upon the imperfection of a document; other sanctions may also be apphed. In fact, invalidity, inopposability, civil responsibility and penal responsibility are all penalties of imperfections in legal documents and, if an overall system of legal protection is to be found, they must be considered as complementary sides of the same question
Sangare, Yacouba. "Les Sanctions en Droit du travail : Etude comparative du droit français et du droit malien." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796952.
Full textSintez, Cyril. "La sanction préventive en droit de la responsabilité civile : contribution à la théorie de l'interprétation et de la mise en effet des normes." Thèse, Orléans, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3748.
Full textThe discovery of Preventive Sanction in the Law of civil responsibility is made possible by studying, for the first time, the various aspects of prevention (deterrence, cessation, precaution). To prevent harm at different stages of realization, case law makes a broad use of Preventive Sanction: before harm is done (precautionary and preventive measures), while it is done (stop and cease order), after it is done (temporary damages) and after is has been legally recognized (punitive damages). Crafting a notion of Preventive Sanction becomes then central to the understanding of contemporary legal developments. Preventive Sanction defined as the legal effects arising from the construction of a norm which might be broken, show that early action brought by a plaintiff can be successful. The transformation of traditional requirements for responsibility by these developments can be explained by reframing civil responsibility from its effects. This perspective allows for the preventive goal of judicial effectuation to be brought to light by the existence of Preventive Sanction. In practice, effectuation is performed by the judge and takes place between the construction and implementation of legal norms. The moment of effectuation occurs when the judge selects the legal effects destined to resolve a dispute. However, the judge is not entirely free when choosing a sanction. Preventive sanction originates from a need of security. Through early introduction of legal action, effectivity sought by plaintiffs impacts judicial effectuation of legal norms. The practice of law, within a renewed theory of judicial action, is better accounted for by reframing “preventive expression” of the Law of civil responsibility as “legal sanction” arising from the judicial effectuation of legal norms.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec la faculté de droit de l'Université d'Orléans en France.
Raschel, Evan. "La pénalisation des atteintes au consentement dans le champ contractuel." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT3006/document.
Full textPriority has long been given to criminalisation in response to the important increase in the commission of fraud, fraudulent abuse of vulnerable persons, duress, or other refusals of consent in the contractual field. Whilst the scope of this criminalisation is impressive, it also raises questions. The offences are poorly circumscribed, and their constructions turn out to be incoherent. Above all, criminal law appears in many cases diverted from its proper function. Even when criminal law is used as an auxiliary enforcement to other disciplines or external regulations, the resort to the criminal penalty follows its own ends according to which it should appear necessary and proportionate. This diversion must be resolved through a decriminalisation of refusals of consent in the contractual field. In order to avoid diminishing the protection of contractors, it is necessary to search for credible substitutes to criminal penalties, which are both effective and adapted to litigation involving the infringement of contractual consent. In order to amount to more than purely symbolic decriminalisation, these substitutes should also consist of innovative measures. Administrative sanctions must be discarded in favour of the civil law route. Civil sanctions must however be reinforced in order to overcome the existing limitations and drawbacks faced by civil law in the prevention and sanctioning of refusals of consent in the contractual field
Joseph-Ratineau, Yannick. "La privatisation de la répression pénale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1009/document.
Full textIt is traditionally allowed that the criminal law has as a function to defend the general interest, which explains the preeminent role of the State throughout the repressive process. However, the analysis of the substantive law puts forward an extension of the normative function of the criminal law in the direction of the private interests, individual or collectives which can only upset the functions traditionally assigned with the criminal responsibility and with the penal sanction which accompanies it. Because the private interests compete with the general interest in the order of the values protected by the texts from incrimination, the rules of the criminal responsibility and the functions of the penal sanction from now on are requested to solve litigations between individuals, and to ensure the compensation for the damage caused by the infringement. Because the configuration of the actors to the criminal trial is only the reflection of the values protected by the penal standard, the introduction of the private interests into the field of protection of the criminal law naturally involved a change of the traditional distribution of the processual roles of the judge and parts in the criminal trial with the profit as of private parts. Even if this change found in the influence of the European model of fair trial the compost favorable to such an evolution, this one played only one catalyst part in the rise of the parts in the control of the direction of the penal authority as in the control of the litigious matter; the true cause of these evolutions, it is the privatization of penal repression
Faidherbe, Julien. "Contribution à l’analyse de la justice restaurative." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D006.
Full textThe core idea of our legal paradigm is that a fair sentence should be one that regenerates the social links wounded by crime. If the justice built by men has known many transformations, the historical and philosophical enlightenings remain essential to study the tricky question of the « sentence’s meaning ». Thus criminal sciences must take into account the interests of the society, of the offender as much as the victim’s. In this sense, the law of August 15, 2014 on the sentences’ individualization and reinforcing the penal sanctions’ efficiency, provides, for the first time in substantive law, a text dedicated to restorative justice. The purpose of this law consists in allowing to restore the social link broken by the commission of an offense by offering the offender the opportunity to meet the victim. To repair prejudice caused to victims, to reintegrate offenders in the society, to restore social peace and to prevent recidivism : those are the restorative objectives of justice. The particular study of article 10-1 of the Code of criminal proceedings raises two essential issues : is restorative justice possible in any criminal proceedings ? Can restorative justice find its place at each and every stage of the procedure ? In order to allow the theoretical reflexion to feed from practical realities, questions must be asked about the proceedings rules which could help producing a strict framework for restorative justice so that, freed from the utopian image from which restorative justice could be burdened with, it may become an efficient legal mechanism
Jalali, Javad. "The impact of sanctions upon civil aviation safety." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104746.
Full textSur l'échelle des interventions, à mi-chemin entre diplomatie et action militaire, les sanctions économiques peuvent être un outil efficace pour influencer la politique internationale. Cependant, les évaluations du succès des sanctions économiques montrent que, dans la plupart des cas, elles ne parviennent pas à atteindre le but souhaité. Au contraire, les sanctions économiques affectent généralement les mauvaises cibles; les civils innocents payent souvent le prix, à la place des dirigeants et de leurs collaborateurs. Parmi les secteurs visés par les sanctions économiques, les mesures prises à l'encontre de l'aviation civile peuvent représenter un risque, pour les personnes, lignes aériennes et villes, à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du pays sanctionné, et ainsi avoir des ramifications au plan international. En d'autres termes, l'embargo coercitif sur les ventes d'aéronefs et de pièces détachées, à l'encontre d'un État déterminé, constitue un danger en matière de sécurité publique, non seulement sur le territoire et pour les citoyens de cet État, mais également pour les autres États au dessus desquels les aéronefs de l'État ciblé volent, y compris dans certains cas, les États à l'initiative des sanctions. C'est pour cette raison, que les conséquences pour la sécurité de l'aviation civile, doivent être envisagées de manière globale.Par divers angles et perspectives, ce mémoire étudiera les raisonnements, objectifs et résultats, de l'usage des sanctions économiques, et plus précisément, les conséquences de ces sanctions sur l'aviation civile. Toutefois, l'objectif ultime de cette étude est d'examiner la légitimité et les effets substantiels – dans le cadre du système normatif du droit international – de l'imposition de sanctions menaçant la sécurité de l'aviation civile internationale, un secteur unique, qui de par son caractère intrinsèque, dépasse les frontières des États.
Disa, Lyvia. "Responsabilités et sanctions civiles du dirigeant d’entreprise en difficulté." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10029.
Full textIf the law is an evolving subject, collective procedures give a particularly blatant illustration. Begun by the law of July 26th, 2005, reforms followed up as one goes along shaping the current regime. The led study aimed to report reached evolutions, regarding responsibilities and regarding civil penalties applicable to the company director in ailing firm. Thus it conduced to examine the purpose, efficiency and coherence of the regime, in the light of numerous legislative and case law upheavals, and this compared with past regulations. The following approach proceeds in two steps in order to demonstate the paradox of its organization. Accordingly on one hand the common principles which govern the exercise of the actions for penalties were developed, and on the other hand, the disparities of mechanisms and conditions of their implementation were revealed. The first angle of study gave the opportunity to apprehend the subject of right concerned by this specific regime, in particular by wondering in about the company director's general notion, with regard to the diversity of the concerned entrepreneurial activities. It served, besides, to examine the various modalities of procedural submitted, among others, to the requirements of impartiality and proportionality. The second angle of study attempted to highlight the diversity and the specificity of the applicable civil penalties. Firstly, the evolution and the distinctive feature of the patrimonial responsibility allowed us to underline its main purpose and then, secondly, the link between the professional penalties conduced to strengthen their distinction by asserting their singularities
Bakouche, David. "L'excès en droit civil /." Paris : LGDJ, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39908494c.
Full textLuxembourg, Fanny. "La déchéance des droits : contribution à l'étude des sanctions civiles /." Paris : Éd. Panthéon-Assas : diff. LGDJ, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412663652.
Full textLuxembourg, Fanny. "La déchéance des droits : contribution à l'étude des sanctions civiles." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020065.
Full textOuerdane-Aubert, de Vincelles Carole. "Altération du consentement et efficacité des sanctions contractuelles." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020106.
Full textSaad, Khalifa Mohamed. "La Sanction de l'imperfection de l'acte juridique essai d'une théorie générale en droit civil français et égyptien /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376183668.
Full textLigero, Gilberto Notário. "Sanções processuais por improbidade na execução civil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6660.
Full textThis thesis has as its object the procedural sanctions for misconduct in civil enforcement. The methodological approach, observing the concentration area of the program is given by the fact that currently the executive activity, represented by the execution of a sentence or the autonomous process execution, is considered essential to the effectiveness of judicial protection . What happens is that some factors have influenced the performance of this type of lawsuit. Among the factors is the disrespect, strong and steady, the duties of procedural fairness in executive screen. The attacks on the dignity of Justice earn several ways: disrespect for the court order to indicate the goods are seized, the challenge and fulfillment of sentence manifestly dilatory embargoes, fraud enforcement, disposition of property seized, bringing undue executions, abuse of the right of registration certificate of the distribution of execution, etc. To sanction the creditor and the debtor, the system adopts the protective-repressive pattern of conduct discouraging, materializing through the fines and the obligation to repair damage. The legislature of little worth premiais sanction measures whose purpose is to promote encouraging conduct. By analyzing the structure of the disciplinary system in CPC / 73, it appears that the same is not meeting your functional expectations: to punish and educate. The revisiting of concepts and ideas is essential to building a new concept of procedural sanction, based on constructivist pedagogical interactionism. This new ideal penalty is established because of the need for transformation of the procedural subjects pipelines. In most, sees the need to expand the list of penalties, turning the research at this point for the implementation of restrictive measures of rights, which are sparse in the legislation. Thus defends the imposition of such sanctions as atypical modes in addition to the typical. The judge with their explicit and implicit powers and duties can take advantage of these measures. Given the normative principle of proportionality, by variants of the necessity and appropriateness, the judge can apply them, without, however, undermining fundamental rights. In addition to the restrictive sanctions, the system needs to incorporate positive measures (premiais), to meet their ends, so that makes the proposal of a prize for those who litigarem responsibly. It is proposed for the effective adoption of these measures, a bill changer law of the CPC. Then defends the idea in the sense that a significant structural change must occur in the sanctioning system, for that unfair and bad faith practices are transformed into probas practices. The deductive method is with the use of technical analysis of relevant literature and case law related to
A presente tese tem como objeto as sanções processuais por improbidade na execução civil. O recorte metodológico,observando-se a área de concentração do programa, se dá pelo fato de que, atualmente, a atividade executiva, representada pela execução de sentença ou pelo processo autônomo de execução, é considerada essencial para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Ocorre que, alguns fatores têm influenciado no bom desempenho dessa modalidade de processo judicial. Entre os fatores está o desrespeito, acentuado e contínuo, aos deveres de probidade processual na tela executiva. Os atentados à dignidade da Justiça ganham várias formas: desrespeito à ordem judicial para indicação de bens à serem penhorados, impugnação ao cumprimento de sentença e embargos manifestamente protelatórios, fraudes à execução, alienação de bens penhorados, propositura de execuções indevidas, abuso do direito de averbação da certidão de distribuição da execução, etc. Para sancionar o exequente e o executado, o sistema adota o padrão protetivorepressivo, desencorajador de condutas, materializando-o por meio das multas e pela obrigação de reparar danos. O legislador pouco se vale das medidas sancionatórias premiais, cuja finalidade é promover condutas encorajadoras. Por meio da análise da estrutura do sistema sancionatório no CPC/73, verifica-se que o mesmo não vem atendendo às suas expectativas funcionais: punir e educar. A revisitação de conceitos e ideias torna-se essencial, para a construção de um novo conceito de sanção processual, baseado no interacionismo construtivista pedagógico. Esse novo ideal sancionatório se estabelece por conta da necessidade de transformação das condutas dos sujeitos processuais. No mais, vislumbra-se a necessidade de ampliar o rol de sanções, voltando-se a pesquisa, neste ponto, para a implementação das medidas restritivas de direitos, que se encontram na legislação esparsa. Defende-se, assim, a imposição destas sanções como modalidades atípicas em complemento às típicas. O juiz com seus poderes-deveres explícitos e implícitos pode se valer destas medidas. Atendendo ao postulado normativo da proporcionalidade, por suas variantes da necessidade e da adequação, o juiz pode aplicá-las, sem, contudo, atentar contra direitos fundamentais. Além das sanções restritivas, o sistema precisa incorporar medidas positivas (premiais), para atender seus fins, tanto que se faz a proposta de um prêmio para aqueles que litigarem com responsabilidade. Propõe-se, para a efetiva adoção destas medidas, um projeto de lei alterador do CPC. Defende-se, então, a ideia no sentido de que deve ocorrer uma sensível mudança estrutural no sistema sancionatório, para que as práticas abusivas e de má-fé sejam transformadas em práticas probas. O método de é o dedutivo, com o emprego das técnicas de análise da bibliografia especializada e da jurisprudência relacionada ao tema
Fournier, de Crouy Nathalie. "La faute lucrative." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D006.
Full textUnder french law, some faults can provide to their author more than the fault costs to them. In others words, some faults can procure an illegal profit because Law doesn't confiscate it or not efficiently. For example, it can be a cartel on prices, a violation of private life by a paparazzi magazine, or a fraud on consumer goods.... The aim of our thesis is twice. Fistly, we will try to understand why such behaviour is possible : what is the legal classification stage, after which we will propose a definition of lucrative fault in tort law, criminal law and competition law. Secondly, we are going to suggest a legal processing, method to deter this misbehaviour, what is the second step of our demonstration. Thus, in support of the economic model of deterrence by Gary Becker, we will determinate the conditions of effectiveness of a public punishment and of a private punishment. Among them, we will make the difference between the choice of the punishment and the probability of being decided
Angelin, Karinne Ansiliero. "Dano injusto como pressuposto do dever de indenizar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-10012014-073936/.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to show that the non-contractual civil liability in the Brazilian legal order has as a fundamental presupposition the causation of the unfair damage. This aim is justifiable because there are doctrinaire opinion, known as damage law, that advocate the unnecessariness of the unfair damage to be triggered the structure of civil liability. It analyzes, therefore, the structure and the goal of the civil liability, as well as its fitting into the Brazilian legal system.
Sebe, François. "Essai sur l'effectivité du droit de la représentation collective dans l'entreprise." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020064/document.
Full textThe issue of sanctions is critical when is opened the debate on the effectiveness of employee representation rules in the company. Aiming at protecting the core values of society, criminal law should be reserved for infringements of the prerogatives of employee representation bodies which are fundamental. For the rest, there are sanctions , administrative or civil, more effective. Still, the only restriction of the criminal field is not sufficient to guarantee the effectiveness of employee representation rules. Some substantial and “organizational” answers relating in particular to the definition of a major criminal policy, the revision of the division of responsibilities in the company and the search for renewed criminal sanctions seem necessary. Beyond the repressive way, others deserve to be explored. The application of employee representation rules must be guaranteed by tools rather preventive than repressive and without any involvement of any judicial authority. The extra-criminal policy leaves a large place to the preventive function of labor inspection which should help companies by using new methods of support and assessment. The definition of a corporate social policy, through the conclusion of a single agreement on staff representation, is legally adequate to ensure the effectiveness of the rule by taking into account the specificities of each company
Nemoz-Rajot, Quentin. "Les interventions judiciaires spécifiques au droit des sociétés in bonis." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30062.
Full textJudges have become ubiquitous stakeholders within companies. As guardians of law, they play a real role in the well being of companies. The study of legal interventions, specific to corporate law, applied to “in bonis” companies clearly highlights the major role played by judges today. Analysis of the judiciary powers regulating companies lives and of the sanctions surrounding liabilities in corporate law puts emphasis on the impact of judicial involvement on company functioning. Many specific corporate law proceedings exist, however, the rich range in solutions and case-law innovations accentuates the need to resort to civil and procedural law in response to the business world’s requirements and expectations. With this in mind, different lines of action are imaginable in the hope to reinforce the usefulness and relevance of judicial involvement that guarantee the efficiency and attractive nature of French corporate law
Barry, Mohamed. "La théorie des nullités dans la doctrine après le Code civil." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30048/document.
Full textCan we speak of a theory of nullity in the doctrine after the Civil Code? This is the question we sought to answer in this work. Indeed, the answer usually given to the latter requires clarification. According to the response after the Civil Code, there was a theory of nullity in the doctrine. First, there was a classical doctrine which is composed mainly of lawyers of the nineteenth century. Then, next to this doctrine, there was a doctrine called modern, composed mainly of lawyers of the twentieth century. If, to construct a general theory of nullity, the classical doctrine has used the state of the act, the modern doctrine, she has used the criterion related to the purpose of the rule breached.In this study, we sought to renew this response, first by highlighting the limits of the idea of a classic or modern doctrine and the other by showing the inadequacy of these general theories, built by the authors after the Civil Code, the positive law. This allowed us to propose to abandon any overall vision and doctrine on the theory of nullity. Also, it was proposed to replace this global vision by various design nonentities. A diverse design first, with regard to doctrine, to the extent that there is no one side the classical doctrine and other modern doctrine. But also various design regarding the theory of nullity itself, insofar as there is no single theory for all types of contracts, but various theories that espouse the specifics of each contract.These are the conclusions we have reached the end of this work
Severino, Renata Cortez Vieira. "Sanções processuais por ato atentatório ao exercício da jurisdição : instrumento de efetividade das decisões judiciais." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=175.
Full textThis study aimed at the system of the subject concerning applicable procedural sanctions as the result of contempt of court practice related to the non-compliance with judicial decisions and presentation of solutions to existing contradictions in the brazilian legislation and jurisprudence on the theme in order to help improve the procedural theory; to encourage the use by courthouses of procedural sanctions that stem from contempt of court; and to provide a base for legislation change of the articles which deal with the subject. The research was based on the use of primary and secondary sources as follows: research on bibliography, national and foreign literature as well as the use of a file: books, journals and internet articles; study of law that is applicable to the subject: jurisprudential research at the Supremo Tribunal Federal, at the Tribunais Regionais Federais and brazilian Court Houses, as well as in foreign courts: Supremo Tribunal de Justiça of Portugal; Court of Appeals of North Carolina (USA); Supreme Court of Canada; and High Court and Court of Appeal (Civil Divisions) in England and Wales. After the analysis of the pertaining doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, we came to the conclusion that the contempt of court in Brazil is contradictory and insufficient, being necessary the standard of improvement of rules of the Code of Civil Procedure about the subject, since the effectiveness of the institute studied is of the utmost importance to the effectiveness of judicial decisions that, by its turn, is a must when it comes to the dignity of justice and guarantee of effective jurisdiction.
Travard, Jérôme. "La victime et la puissance publique : réflexions sur l'évolution de la responsabilité administrative extracontractuelle." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_travard_j.pdf.
Full textThe increasing level of interest of our Society for victims lead us to consider whether this phenomenon has any impact on administrative liability law. The long-term historical movement is an ever improving indemnification of the victims - through either the administrative liability rules - damages directly caused by the public authorities - or the "social" guarantee (damages not caused by the administration but assumed by it for reasons of solidarity). This development is evidenced by a reduction of the fields in which no compensation is possible and by the extension of the concept of damage entitled to compensation. The origin of this phenomenon is to be sought in the contemporaneous need of security, of a protection of the human person and the development of the rule of law. Thus administrative liability has been deeply renewed. On the one hand, the compensatory role has taken the step over the punitive role, which has become residual: law is now more concerned about protecting claimants rather than acting as a moralizer. Actually, the punitive role has moved towards criminal liability: citizens do no longer tolerate an immunity of the administration towards its faults and refer to the criminal Courts. On the other hand, administrative liability law has growing similarities with civil liability: this "victimization" leads the civil and administrative supreme Courts ("Cour de Cassation" and "Conseil d'Etat") to adopt identical point of views. Carried out by the same objectives, the two liabilities also face the same problems : they require reforms to better apprehend mass damages or environmental damages
Obeid, Nada. "Régime juridique du divorce : causes et conséquences, réforme du droit libanais à la lumière du droit français." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G012.
Full textLebanon is known for its original and specific system relevant to its history and the Lebanese society is a pluralistic society made up of different communities, each having its own traditions, beliefs and organization. This pluralism permeates the various structures of the State, based on the balance of representation of communities. It also reflects on its legal system, which seeks to preserve the communities’ identities, mainly in matters of personal status where the traditional powers of the religious authorities are recognized by the State and ensured by civil effectiveness. However, religious pluralism and the prevalence of the religious in terms of civil status are considered "as an anachronism, as a brake retarding the growth of the State and the realization of the unity of the Nation". Thus, for the same cause and for the same reasons, the inhabitants of the same country, Lebanon, are judged differently, and sometimes in a contradictory manner as well, for the sole fact that they belong to such a religion and not to another. In marriage law, divorce, for the same reasons, may be legitimately granted to some and legitimately denied to others. Moreover, "based on truths often revealed, religious rights would be incapable of conveying the reforms that modern society calls for", in particular the liberalization of the right of divorce which explicitly retains only divorce-sanction and implicitly divorce-remedy due to illness only. The confrontation of the family rights of the divorce - Lebanese and French - will make it possible to highlight the differences which oppose them and the principles that underlie them and to see in what sense and to what extent a reform of the Lebanese law of the divorce is possible in the light of the French law of divorce, the civil law which has liberalized the conception of divorce
Hamad, Hamad. "Les garanties disciplinaires du fonctionnaire dans le droit libyen." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0028.
Full textIn observing the disciplinary activity of the administration, we note that there are many cases where the requirements and guarantees given by the legislator in favor of the civil servant during the disciplinary procedure have been clearly violated.Indeed, the importance of this study and its objectives are as follows:Disciplinary safeguards play an important role in the public service, as they protect the rights of the civil servant who is the subject of a disciplinary investigation and limit the arbitrary and extremism of the administration vis-à-vis its employees, in order to conduct a fair disciplinary investigation.To study and demonstrate the legal value of the disciplinary guarantees intended to ensure the protection of the civil servant, especially in our time when the number of civil servants in Libya exceeded, according to the latest statistics, the threshold of millions of civil servants; This makes them the largest socio-professional category.The intervention of the State to satisfy the needs of its citizens is done through the public services whose efficiency depends on that of the official. And since the principle of efficiency requires the administration of a certain disciplinary power to sanction the offending official, secure the job and reassure the employee are also necessary, in order to stimulate his ambitions and improve his performance. That is why the existence of the principle of guarantee and the balancing of this principle with that of effectiveness is necessary.The study also aimed to inform public servants that there are many guarantees for which they must be informed in order to protect their rights in case they are subject to disciplinary sanctions, when a large majority of them have no other financial source besides their salaries. Because they may lose their treatment, this is provided by law in case of suspension during disciplinary proceedings or for always in case of revocation.In the fact that it compares two disciplinary systems, namely the Libyan and French systems, while making reference to other systems, in order to identify its shortcomings and propose appropriate solutions. And this undoubtedly illuminates the way for those responsible for the evolution of Libyan legislation concerning the public service
Diouf, Birame. "Les Responsabilités à l'occasion des conflits collectifs de travail : une étude du droit sénégalais des conflits collectifs à la lumière du droit français." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0488/document.
Full textThe Former French colony , Senegal following the example of many of the other countries of French West Africa ( AOF) underwent the influence of the French law.However, after the independences, the young African States, although being always inspired by this common inheritance which establishes the French law, tried to build their own legislation by taking into account sociological, political, but especially economic contexts. So, in Senegal, the legislator, under pretext of the local realities, but also the necessity of the development, established a law of the collective working relations generally, and the collective conflicts of the work in particular, based on a rather particular conception of the trade unionism, which aims at stressing their responsibility (without hidting that of the strikers) and which finally, ends in a limitation of the right to strike, which we shall judge. So, we have to admit that today, this right Senegalese of the collective conflicts cuts on several points with the French law.The study of the responsibility on the occasion of the collective working conflicts allows us to draw up the balance sheet, to see what stays of this legal inheritance which establishes the French law, and in which measure he can always establish a reference for Senegal, considering the aimed objectives and especially considering the inevitably different context in which practice the collective conflicts of the work
Monteiro, Vitor José de Mello. "Da multa no cumprimento de sentença para o pagamento de quantia certa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8781.
Full textThe study s main purpose is to analyze the fine included in the Brazilian rules by the law nº 11.232/05 which, in a reasonable period of time, became an object of great controversy in the course of doctrinal and jurisprudential plans and regarding some attainments aspects. The point, therefore, was to sketch one methodology analysis of this new modality of form sanction in order to insert it in the Brazilian s context of procedural law without attacking, however, the jurists principles and guarantees, especially the ones of constitutional level. In addition, the necessity to extract of the institute s maximum possible effectiveness was not forgotten. In consequence, were studied since the most basic requirements so that duty application could have been cogitated until its more specific elements. Of this systemize study, conclusions had emerged on the incidence or not of the related penalty to the situations, until then, little explored by the doctrine and of rare verification in the national courts. It mentioned, also, amongst other peculiar characteristics of this fine, the purpose to confer more authority to the sentences that condemn to the payment of certain amount, in the measure where the debtor will count on a stated period of fifteen days to effect the spontaneous obligation s fulfillment, duly warned about the related penalty s incidence
O presente estudo objetiva analisar a multa do cumprimento de sentença para pagamento de quantia certa inserida no ordenamento jurídico processual brasileiro pela lei n.° 11.232/05 que, em pouco tempo, conseguiu ser objeto de grande controvérsia no plano doutrinário e jurisprudencial a respeito de vários aspectos a ela atinentes. Procurou-se, assim, traçar uma análise metodológica desta nova modalidade de sanção de forma a inseri-la no contexto do direito processual brasileiro sem agredir, contudo, os princípios e garantias dos jurisdicionados, especialmente os de nível constitucional. Não se deixou de lado a necessidade de extrair do instituto o máximo de efetividade possível. Assim, foram estudados desde os requisitos mais básicos para que se possa cogitar a aplicação desta sanção até os seus elementos mais específicos. Deste estudo sistematizado, emergiram conclusões sobre a incidência ou não da referida penalidade a situações, até então, pouco exploradas pela doutrina e de rara verificação nos tribunais nacionais. Ressaltou, também, dentre outras características peculiares desta multa, a finalidade de conferir mais autoridade às decisões judiciais que condenam ao pagamento de quantia certa, na medida em que o devedor contará com um prazo de quinze dias para efetuar o cumprimento espontâneo da obrigação, sob pena de incidência da referida penalidade
Nory, Yoshanloey Jafar. "Essai sur les finalités punitive et réparatrice des responsabilités civile et pénale en droit français et iranien." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10024.
Full textThe contemporary distinction did not prevent the civil and criminal liability to move toward a practical reconciliation in both French and Iranian law. We have show that restorative function of the civil liability can add up to a punitive function that is embodied the “private punishment” and the repressive function of criminal liability create a restorative function called “criminal restitution”. Through the pronouncement of damages officially compensated but objectively punitive, the Courts are able to repress behaviors which they consider to be punishable. Thus, the formalization of punitive damage seems not onlypossible, but also extremely useful. At the same time, criminal liability develops an undeniable restorative dimension, making it possible to ensure the repair of all the heads of damages suffered by a victim or to further discourage the illegal situation. The restitution is thus used as a tool for repression. Graft prosecution, it becomes a way of relieving the courts and contracting of the criminal trial. Incorporated into the sentence, it allows individualizing the criminal sanction. The two modes of liability must come together in a coherent perspective of legal liability so that justice is done with a social dimension
Freleteau, Barbara. "Devoir et incombance en matière contractuelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0223/document.
Full textThe XXthe century has given rise to the notion of objective good faith in contract law, and more generally, to a standard by which the behaviour of parties to an obligation is judged. The adoption of the concepts of contractual duty and incombance allows a technical approach without affecting the category of civil obligations.Contractual duty is a code of conduct that the contracting party has to observe throughout the performance of the contract ; otherwise it might be viewed as being in a breach of contract. For example, the requirements of good faith and security are duties in that they require the contracting party to adopt a certain conduct on an ongoing basis, in addition to the obligations the contracting party has to carry out under the terms of the contract.Contractual incombance is also a merely behavioural constraint, however it differs in that it weighs on the contracting party only if they wish to benefit from the advantages it determines. It is a prerequisite for the exercise of a right. A buyer who wishes to avail himself of a legal warranty against latent defects, for example, must point out any defect to the vendor, just as the insured who wishes to make a claim must report the covered incident to his insurance company.Distinct sanctions apply to these notions : in case of a breach of contractual duty, penalties can be awarded as a result of the party’s failure to perform its contractual obligations ; on the other hand, non-compliance with and incombance will entail the loss of the determined right
Rachid, Loulouwa al. "L'Irak de l'embargo à l'occupation : dépérissement d'un ordre politique (1990-2003)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0036.
Full textThis dissertation centers on the study of a short and tragic episode in contemporary Iraqi history which begins with a war of invasion and ends with another (1990-2003). It addresses this period with the tools of the sociology of political crises while at the same time placing it in the international context of the embargo. It aims thus at producing an analytical framework which captures the transformations of the political order at the level of the relationship between state and society and between politics and economics. In part one, the process of disintegration following the Gulf war, the popular uprisings of 1991 and their suppression is examined. Part two is devoted to the analysis of the forced migration caused by the international economic sanctions and the subsequent consolidation of an opposition in exile encouraged by the United States and their allies. Delving into this exopolitical order allows to shed light on the cultural effects and identity politics borne outside the Iraqi domestic order ; to a great extent, these developments explain the recomposition of the Iraqi polity following the American occupation of 2003. Part three highlights the survival strategies over the sanctions period of both Iraqi society and the ba’th political regime at the socioeconomic and symbolic levels
Sibina, Vidal Mª Carme. "El dret administratiu sancionador i les garanties exigibles per punir conductes properes als drets de participació política." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672344.
Full textLa investigación se centra en el estudio de la potestad sancionadora de la Administración, de sus singularidades y características, para determinar si este régimen punitivo, en su configuración actual, se encuentra dotado de garantías suficientes para sancionar las conductas próximas al ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales de participación política (las libertades de expresión e información -art. 20 CE- y los derechos de manifestación y reunión -art. 21 CE-) cuando son ejercidos en el espacio público. Y, a su vez, en el análisis de si la libertad del legislador para optar entre el sistema administrativo sancionador y el penal debe estar condicionada por las garantías de ambas manifestaciones del derecho punitivo a tenor de la posición que estos derechos fundamentales ostentan en el Ordenamiento jurídico del Estado español. El estudio aborda: (i) el origen del Derecho administrativo sancionador y la razón de un sistema punitivo integrado en dos manifestaciones; (ii) los intentos de delimitar el ámbito propio de cada una de las manifestaciones del derecho punitivo; (iii) los límites normativos y dogmáticos a la libertad del legislador punitivo; (iv) las singularidades, características y carencia de garantías de la potestad sancionadora de la Administración, (v) la relación del derecho punitivo con los derechos fundamentales, y (vi) si la elección del Derecho administrativo sancionador altera las garantías de los ciudadanos, en abstracto, y si tiene afectaciones sobre el ejercicio de los derechos de participación política, en concreto. El trabajo quiere contribuir a la construcción del consenso sobre si las garantías actuales del sistema administrativo sancionador son o no suficientes cuando sanciona las conductas próximas al ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales de participación política, y es en este ámbito que la investigación pretende realizar su aportación.
The research is focused on the Administration’s sanctioning power, its singularities and characteristics, to assess if this punitive regime, in its current configuration, is endowed with adequate guarantees to punish conducts related to the exercise of fundamental rights of political participation (freedom of expression and information -art. 20 CE- and the rights to demonstrate and to assembly -art. 21 CE-) when they are exercised in a public place. And, in turn, in the analysis of whether the freedom of the legislator to choose between the administrative sanctioning system and the criminal one, must be conditioned by the guarantees of both representations of the punitive law according to the position that these fundamental rights hold in the Spanish State’s Legal system. The study addresses: (i) the origin of the administrative sanctioning law and the reason for a punitive system integrated in two manifestations; (ii) the attempts to define the scope of each one of the punitive law manifestations; (iii) the normative and dogmatic limits to the freedom of the punitive legislator; (iv) the singularities, characteristics and lack of guarantees of the Administration’s sanctioning power, (v) the relationship of punitive law with fundamental rights, and (vi) if the choice of administrative sanctioning law alters the guarantees of citizens, in the abstract, and, specifically, if it affects the exercise of political participation rights. The essay wants to contribute to the development of a consensus on whether or not the current guarantees of the administrative sanctioning system are adequate, when it sanctions the behaviours related to the exercise of the fundamental rights of political participation, and it is in this area where the research aims to make its contribution.
Andrade, Galvez Natali. "Informe para la sustentación de expedientes: 173-2011 / 17-2017/ILN – CPC-SIA." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656950.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Turrin, Marion. "La légitime répression de la fraude fiscale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32001/document.
Full textThe tax fraud repression legitimacy refers to the different prerogatives the fiscal administration implements to prevent, detect and sanction anyone trying to shirk its tax responsibilities. This process, that must be coordinated with the fundamental rights, is part of tax rules.This requirement, part of the Constitution, involves a balance between relations that is difficult to reach.This fight against tax fraud, lawful objective in the way it preserves tax equality, justifies the use of measures that infringes fundamental rights and weakens the legal security any taxpayer has the right to pretend.These guaranties opposed themselves to the tax administration and its ability to appreciate the different breaches it notices without any limitations.The judge role is then fundamental since he has to preserve anyone’s rights and duties, he participates to the creation of a basis of obligations that have to be followed for each procedure, and that are reused afterwards by the legislator
Cornu, Julie. "Droit au procès équitable et autorité administrative." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020068/document.
Full textThe right to a fair trial is enshrined in the article 6§1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and irradiates now all French law. In the context of the subjectivization of the law, administrative law is also subject to this "unstoppable rise of disputes in the name of the right to a fair trial" (Mrs. KOERING-JOULIN). This assertion is particularly true regarding the powers of sanction and the settlement of disputes granted to the administrative authorities. The European definition of the right to a fair trial applied by the Court of Cassation and adapted by the Council of State allows a wide application of this right. So, given the current state of the administrative case law, the right to a fair trial can be usefully claimed against independent administrative authorities as regard either their law enforcement activities or litigation practice. And the tax administration has also been compelled to respect this fundamental right for eight years now. In line with this settled jurisprudence, the extension of the right to a fair trial to all the administrative authorities may be the way of the future. But such an evolution raises a few questions. Isn't the increasing jurisdictionalization of the administration activities as a result of the right to a fair trial an inconsistency in itself? Doesn't it go against the primary goal of the outsourcing of the administrative penalties? More fundamentally, doesn't subjecting the administrative authorities to the specific principles of court procedures participate in reinstating some confusion between administration and jurisdiction? Isn’t it the rebirth, under a new form, of the administrator-judge we thought was long gone?
Chenwi, Lilian Manka. "Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa a human rights perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 22, 2006). "Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Laws (LLD) in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria." Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-386).
Handlíř, Jakub. "Německo-rakouské vztahy 1998 - 2005." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337391.
Full textRůžičková, Jana. "Evropská unie jako zahraničně-politická síla na sankční scéně: případ Barmy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329972.
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