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Journal articles on the topic 'Sanction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Fedyunina, A. A., and Yu V. Simachev. "The world in the maze of sanctions: Ambiguity of empirical evidence." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 8, 2024): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-8-5-27.

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The article examines various effects of sanction restrictions on target countries. To achieve this, the results of over 50 academic studies from the past decade regarding the impact of sanctions on different countries are analyzed and structured. This analysis is based on the study of sanction episodes predominantly from the 1980s to 2015. It is noted that sanctions have been extensively employed in the past decade, attributed to the intensification of international competition and increased conflict in global development. It is shown that the effects of sanctions exhibit strong ambiguity, tem

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2

Burkart, Julia. "Sanction and Sanctity." Residential Treatment For Children & Youth 10, no. 1 (1992): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j007v10n01_03.

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Tucker, Ross, Ben Hester, Sharief Hendricks, James Brown, and Éanna C. Falvey. "Sanctioned illegal high tackles significantly increase concussion risk to both tacklers and ball carriers in elite men’s Rugby Union." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 2 (2024): e001932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001932.

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ObjectivesTackles making contact above the sternum increase concussion and head injury assessment (HIA) risk in Rugby Union. The sport has introduced harsher sanctions to change tackler behaviours to reduce this risk. This increased high tackle sanction numbers, though it is unknown whether sanction severity is associated with injury risk.MethodsThe sanction decision made by match officials for tackles resulting in 157 HIA1 removals, of which 91 were confirmed concussions, was evaluated. The propensity of sanction types, ranging from no foul play to red card, was compared after calculating con

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Setiyono. "CRIMINAL SANCTION CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST CORPORATION COMMITTED ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OFFENCES IN FEW COUNTRIES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.22.

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This study aims to analyze the character of the sanctions system against corporations that commit consumer protection crimes. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature about sanctioned individuals and corporations by comparing the sanction and fines in few countries. Criminal sanctions in force in a country are very dependent on the state's reaction to the deviant activities of the corporations in the society concerned. The state's response was manifested in the sanction system policy towards corporations that commit criminal acts. A sanction sy

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Setiyono. "CRIMINAL SANCTION CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST CORPORATION COMMITTED ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OFFENCES IN FEW COUNTRIES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 4 (2021): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.22.

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This study aims to analyze the character of the sanctions system against corporations that commit consumer protection crimes. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature about sanctioned individuals and corporations by comparing the sanction and fines in few countries. Criminal sanctions in force in a country are very dependent on the state's reaction to the deviant activities of the corporations in the society concerned. The state's response was manifested in the sanction system policy towards corporations that commit criminal acts. A sanction sy

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Anoraga, Surya. "HARMONISASI PERDA NOMOR 4 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG RTRW KOTA MALANG DENGAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN BIDANG LINGKUNGAN HIDUP." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no. 2 (2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6004.

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Law that positively regulates the imposition of civil sanctionx, administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions as regulated in Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning and more on the local regulation Malang No. 4 of 2011 on Spatial Planning Malang Year 2010- 2030 (RTRW). Administrative and criminal sanctions as a sanction premium remedium while criminal sanctions as a sanction ultimum remedium. Former Act and regulation are still not meticulous in designing/forming. That is evidenced still weakness in some of the provisions in the legislation are still related to civil sanctions, administr

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Redman, Jamie. "The Benefit Sanction: A Correctional Device or a Weapon of Disgust?" Sociological Research Online 25, no. 1 (2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419851132.

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The benefit sanction is a dominant activation policy in Britain’s ‘welfare-to-work’ regime. While policymakers believe in their necessity to correct behaviour, research shows benefit sanctions cause additional harm to Britain’s marginalised groups. Drawing upon a small-scale qualitative study, this article first navigates new territory, mapping the ways stigma emerges from the state – channelled through the benefit sanction – and manifests in the lives of sanctioned claimants. Acknowledging wider evidence, the sanction is then argued to have failed as a correctional device. Rather, taking into

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Tikhonova, S. S., and A. I. Kokunov. "MODELS OF ARTICLE SANCTIONS OF THE SPECIAL PART OF CODIFIED CRIMINAL LAW FOR MINOR OFFENCE CRIMES: MODERN LAW-TECNICAL THEORY AND LEGISLATIVE PRACTICE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 6 (2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-6-241-247.

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Possible models of article sanctions of the special part of codified criminal law for minor offence crimes w are presented. Sanctions prescribing one main punishment are single. Sanctions prescribing several main punishments are alternative. Single sanctions can theoretically have 3 types: single sanction with imprisonment; single sanction without imprisonment with more lenient punishment; single sanction without imprisonment with more strict punishment. Alternative sanctions can be subdivided on alternative sanction with imprisonment and lowering alternative; alternative sanction with impriso

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Guastaferro, Wendy P., and Leah E. Daigle. "Linking Noncompliant Behaviors and Programmatic Responses." Journal of Drug Issues 42, no. 4 (2012): 396–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042612461773.

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Drug courts are charged with positively influencing the behavior of a difficult-to-treat population. Sanctions represent a drug court’s efforts to instill accountability in participants, an important component of behavior modification. This research examined the application of sanctions within a drug court’s proactive supervision model and sanctions matrix. An exploratory analysis of individual-level factors (including risk level, treatment characteristics, and punishment history) that increase the likelihood of receiving a sanction was conducted. Factors related to receiving any type of sanct

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Lauts, E. B. "Anti-Sanction Regulation of the Banking Services Market and Anti-Crisis Legal Regime of Banking Activities." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.101.1.070-079.

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The article attempts to correlate the anti-sanction regulation of the banking services market and the anti-crisis legal regime of banking. The author distinguishes between the sanctions regime and the anti-sanction legal regime that frames the anti-sanction regulation of the relevant market and is part of its anti-crisis regulation. The article substantiates that the antisanctions legal regime does not include means of counter-sanctions, since the latter do not aim to mitigate the sanctions regime for the relevant market, but are retaliatory restrictive measures that often also negatively affe

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Yun, Huicheol, and Hyeonsik Kim. "The Study on Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 11 (2023): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.11.45.11.521.

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This paper analyzes the factors influencing the effectiveness of economic sanctions imposed on sanctioned countries in the international community. It sets up causal variables at both domestic and international levels and, through an analysis of four countries that have been subjected to economic sanctions, seeks to determine which variables mitigated the effectiveness of economic sanctions. Domestic variables are set as the political system and economic size of the sanctioned country, while international variables include trade networks, foreign direct investment, involvement of international

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Khominich, I. P., and S. Alikhani. "Russia and Iran in Conditions of Economic Sanctions: Anti-Sanction Policy and Resistance Economy." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 2 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-2-5-12.

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Economic sanctions always have destructive impact on economic structures of states, especially such developing countries as Iran and Russia. These countries used anti-sanction economic approach in order to oppose western sanctions. Strategy of anti-sanction economy is a tool of counteracting adverse impact of sanctions on national economy as a sanction target. The authors investigate the influence of strategy of anti-sanction economy on national economy of Iran and Russia, which are facing economic sanctions introduced by western countries. Research findings demonstrate that strategy of anti-s

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Manushin, D. V. "Anti-sanction and sanction economic policy of Russia in 2022–2025. Part 3: analysis of anti-crisis measures, managing Russian sanctions and anti-sanctions." Russian Journal of Economics and Law 18, no. 2 (2024): 332–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2024.2.332-368.

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Objective: to propose anti-sanction and sanction measures based on the analysis of the external and internal environment of the Russian economy and anti-crisis measures implemented by the Russian government.Methods: techniques of abstract-logical method were used, such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, and forecasting.Results: a critical assessment of anti-crisis measures by other scientists was given; the anti-sanctions plan of the Russian Federation for 2022–2024 was analyzed. As a result of the calculations, the approximate parameters of the budget system expenditures f

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Silalahi, Enriko, and Akhmad Khisni. "Legal Review Of Malpractice Notary In The Notary’s Deed." Jurnal Akta 5, no. 3 (2018): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v5i3.3237.

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Article 84 and Article 85 of Law No. 2 year 2014 on the amendments to the Act No. 30 year 2004 concerning Notary Public Official, when a Notary in performs his official duties and is proven to have committed a violation, the Notary may be subjected or sanctioned. The sanction is in the form of civil sanction, administration, and code of ethics of Notary. Besides, if a Notary commits a criminal offense, a criminal sanction may be imposed to him.The purpose of the research was to find out the malpractice of the Notary in the Notary deed, and to find out the role of the Regional Supervisory Board

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15

Roy, O. M. "The Institutional Structure of Sanctions Confrontation." Discourse-P 21, no. 3 (2024): 175–90. https://doi.org/10.17506/18179568_2024_21_3_175.

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The article explores the structure of sanctions confrontation, highlighting its key components, methods of sanctions influence, as well as the attitudes of the parties involved. It categorizes the main subjects of sanctions confrontation into three groups: the initiator of sanctions (the Sanctioner), the target of sanction influence (the Sub-Sanctionist) and third parties, for whose involvement the first two subjects compete. Employing an institutional approach, the author lays the ground for analyzing the attitudes of these subjects and identifies characteristic strategies of the parties enga

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Utama, I. Made Arya, and I. Nengah Suharta. "The Challenges of Water Pollution: Enforcement of Water Pollution Control." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 1 (2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i1.1414.

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Water demand continues to increase, while its availability was increasingly limited due to pollution. Therefore, the issue of legal sanction in the management of water resources was interesting to be examined because of the void of norm related to the sanction of administrative, civil and criminal sanction in Article 87-120 of Act Number 32 of 2009. So, this research was qualified into normative legal research with legal material from result of library research. The type of administrative legal sanctions were more effectively applied to protect water resources from pollution. Administrative Le

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Kazimov, Z. I. "Criminal legal sanctions for crimes committed by specific categories of persons." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 10 (December 22, 2020): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.74.10.212-220.

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In the general theory of state and law, a sanction is usually understood as a part of a rule of law that indicates adverse consequences for the offender in the form of coercive influence on him. This idea of a sanction is contradicted by numerous scientific definitions of a criminal legal sanction, which are based on the concept of "sanction of an article of the Special Provisions of the Penal Code", which is repeatedly used in the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. Consideration of the sanction as a part of a criminal legal norm on liability for a certain type of crime allows us to conside

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Wright, Andrew, Brian Dollery, Michael Kortt, and Shawn Leu. "The Effect of Varying Sanction Values on Future Compliance with Unemployment Benefit Requirements: An Empirical Analysis Using Australian Administrative Data." Public Administration Quarterly 46, no. 2 (2022): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37808/paq.46.2.4.

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Few studies have examined the effect of varying unemployment benefit sanctions before application on jobseekers’ behaviour. However, theory suggests this is the primary way sanctions operate. We examine the effect of increasing sanction values on future non-compliance using administrative data from the introduction of an Australian scheme with increasing sanctions for repeated non-compliance. Jobseekers with equivalent non-compliance histories have decreased hazards of non-compliance when the consequences are higher, even with small variation in sanction values. This suggests policies altering

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Jayachandran, Seema, and Michael Kremer. "Odious Debt." American Economic Review 96, no. 1 (2006): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806776157696.

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Trade sanctions are often criticized as ineffective because they create incentives for evasion or as harmful to the target country's population. Loan sanctions, in contrast, could be self-enforcing and could protect the population from being saddled with “odious debt” run up by looting or repressive dictators. Governments could impose loan sanctions by instituting legal changes that prevent seizure of countries' assets for nonrepayment of debt incurred after sanctions were imposed. This would reduce creditors' incentives to lend to sanctioned regimes. Restricting sanctions to cover only loans

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Kim, Youngwan, and Taehee Whang. "Non-governmental organizations and economic sanctionsi." International Political Science Review 39, no. 2 (2017): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116677927.

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How do non-governmental organizations (NGOs) affect sanction policies? Using two datasets of sanctions and NGOs, we study whether and how US-based NGOs working in a target state can influence the threat and implementation of sanctions initiated by the USA. At the threat stage, the sender government tends to perceive NGOs as a signaling device such that NGOs increase the probability of sanction threat. At the imposition stage, the presence of NGOs in a target state also increases the likelihood of a sender state imposing sanctions. In addition, the sender state tends to implement costly sanctio

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Chupilkin, Maxim, Beata Javorcik, Aleksandra Peeva, and Alexander Plekhanov. "Economic Sanctions and Intermediated Trade." AEA Papers and Proceedings 115 (May 1, 2025): 568–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20251083.

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Circumvention undermines economic sanction effectiveness, yet evidence on the precise mechanisms remains limited. This paper documents two strategies deployed to work around trade sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022: intermediated trade through Caucasus and Central Asia and a simple, yet little-documented, method whereby goods shipped through the sanctioned economy to the neighboring economies fail to reach their intended destination. The latter amounted to around half of total “abnormal” exports from the European Union/United Kingdom to Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. While these strateg

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Moon, Ye-Chan. "North Korea’s Trade Policy Changes and Adaptation to Sanctions." Korea International Trade Research Institute 20, no. 1 (2024): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.20.1.202402.197.

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Purpose – This research aims to investigate how North Korea has adapted to the United Nations sanctions imposed since 2006, specifically analyzing shifts in its trade policies in response to these international pressures. Design/Methodology/Approach – Employing the theory of sanction busting, the study meticulously examines the impact of ten rounds of sanctions on North Korea's trade volume and economic health. Through this lens, the research evaluates how North Korea has strategically modified its trade policies to counteract the sanctions' effects. Findings – The study uncovers that North Ko

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Jeong, Jin Mun, and Dursun Peksen. "Domestic Institutional Constraints, Veto Players, and Sanction Effectiveness." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 1 (2017): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717728105.

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What effect do the domestic institutional constraints in target states have on sanction outcomes? Other than the narrow focus on political regime type, little is known about how the institutional makeup of target states might affect leaders’ ability to adjust their policies to defy sanctions. We assert that the size of veto players in targets is a crucial yet overlooked institutional factor in explaining sanction effectiveness. We contend that political leaders subject to the approval of multiple veto players are more likely to concede as they are less likely to develop polices to counter the

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Jan-Kerguistel, Alain, Bérangère Condomines, and Emilie Hennequin. "Sanctionner pour contraindre ou pour se comprendre ? Répondre aux demandes de sanction en entreprise selon le type de règle et de faute." Annales des Mines - Gérer & comprendre N° 155, no. 1 (2024): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/geco1.155.0047.

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Les sanctions en France n’ont pas changé depuis les règlements d’atelier du XIX e siècle. Elles adoptent le seul registre répressif, alors que, juridiquement, la sanction connaît d’autres formes associées à d’autres finalités. Nous proposons de questionner cette stabilité en partant d’une analyse des demandes de sanction. Ces demandes sont-elles toutes en phase avec un projet répressif ? S’inscrivent-elles dans une dimension restitutive en offrant une occasion de renégociation des règles ? En d’autres termes, suggèrent-elles une évolution afin de s’adapter aux nouvelles réalités du travail ? P

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Killeen, Anthony A. "Laboratory Sanctions for Proficiency Testing Sample Referral and Result Communication: A Review of Actions From 1993–2006." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 6 (2009): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.6.979.

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Abstract Context.—The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) regulations for proficiency testing (PT) include prohibitions against intentional PT sample referral or result communication, and specify sanctions against laboratories that violate these regulations. There has been little published analysis of sanctions against clinical laboratories because of PT violations. Objective.—To examine the application of principal sanctions as reported by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services annually in the Laboratory Registry and to examine relevant aspects of judicial hearin

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Paschenko, Ilya Yurievich. "Counter-sanctions information and restriction of information dissemination in the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 3 (March 2023): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2023.3.43820.

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The article examines counter–sanction information - a new category or type of information for domestic information and legal regulation. The concept of "counter-sanction information" appeared in the legislation in connection with the increased sanctions pressure of foreign states on the Russian Federation at the beginning of 2022. Regulation of the procedure for the dissemination of such information is designed to reduce the risks of taking restrictive measures against Russian legal entities and individuals who are participants in foreign economic activity. The author examines these norms on i

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Chernykh, A. A. "The Review of Methods for Analyzing Economic Sanction Effectiveness and Their Adaptation to Assessing the Impact on Russia in New Information Context." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 3, 2024): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2024-4-48-62.

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The article provides a complex review of methods, which can be used to assess efficiency of anti-Russian economic sanctions focusing on problems and opportunities dealing with their application. The relevant global experience and experience of Russia in 2014-2021 were used to resolve problems of sanction classification and the idea of sanction effectiveness, as well as assessing sanction impact on economy and certain markets of target-countries, for example Russia. Apart from identifying negative aftereffects of sanctions, positive consequences were also shown. In 2022 the situation drasticall

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Tigelaar, Leonieke. "How to Sanction a Breach of Information Duties of the Consumer Rights Directive?" European Review of Private Law 27, Issue 1 (2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2019003.

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Traders must provide information to consumers according to the Consumer, Rights Directive in case they conclude a distance contract, an off-premises contract, or a contract in another manner. It is the task of the Member States to sanction breaches of those information duties. This article classifies the information duties on basis of their objective, namely supporting decision-making, enabling storing information, and facilitating the exercise of rights. Subsequently, it addresses the question of how German, English, and Dutch law provide for sanctions in case traders breach those information

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Spektor, S. V., and E. A. Nazarova. "Secret Agreements in Sanctioned Economies." Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 15, no. 4 (2023): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2023-15-4-51-74.

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With the imposition of sanctions, Russian companies have faced an additional challenge: ensuring the purchase of goods whose imports are prohibited. For this purpose, various tools are used, among which are secret sub-sanction agreements. This paper studies secret sub-sanction agreements as an extension of negotiation theory. A model of secret sub-sanction agreements is proposed to highlight the strategies of market players and the level of opacity (secrecy) that will be achieved to enforce the contract. A modification of the principal-agent incentive contract model is also proposed that takes

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Khanh, Nguyen Nhat. "The Form of Warning Sanction in the Law on Handling Administrative Violations in Vietnam." Kutafin University Law Review 7, no. 2 (2020): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2313-5395.2020.2.14.292-320.

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Sanctioning of administrative violations is considered an effective solution in the struggle and prevention of administrative violations; it includes application of sanction forms, remedial measures with respect to individuals and organizations committing acts of administrative violations which are implemented by the competent persons. Among the sanctions imposed for administrative violations, warning is a special form of sanctions and is commonly applied in the fields of state management. The paper analyzes the theoretical and legal issues about the form of warning sanction in accordance with

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Afontsev, S. A. "Political paradoxes of economic sanctions." Journal of the New Economic Association 55, no. 3 (2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-55-3-10.

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The article addresses political economy aspects of the policy of economic sanctions. Given the fact that decisions taken both in sender and target countries depend on the interaction of numerous groups of political and economic agents, sanction research can be productive only if their behavior is explicitly modelled given their objective functions and institutional context they face. It is shown that political economy approach can help resolve a number of paradoxes common in sanction research, i. e., paradoxes related to ineffi ciency of sanctions, pro-conflict reaction on sanctions by target

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Han, Baran. "The role and welfare rationale of secondary sanctions: A theory and a case study of the US sanctions targeting Iran." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 5 (2016): 474–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894216650836.

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This paper investigates the role and the welfare rationale of secondary sanctions using a game theoretic framework and a case study of the US sanctions targeting Iran. Existing literature on secondary sanctions focuses either on the sender–third party or the sender–target relations, and fails to address the interdependency of the three players’ strategies. An integrated approach allows us to examine the conditions under which the secondary sanction succeeds in coercing the third party to participate in a sanction campaign against a target. I argue that it acts as a commitment device for the th

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Tantimin, Tantimin. "Kajian Hukum Kualifkasi Sanksi Kebiri Kimia Sebagai Sanksi Tindakan dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.302.

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Castration is an action given to perpetrators of sexual crimes against children, in addition to imprisonment and fines. The purpose of this article is to find out the basic differences between criminal sanctions and action sanctions, to know the position of castration as an action sanction in criminal law and to analyze the castration penalty does not apply to children as perpetrators of sexual crimes. This research uses doctrinal legal research. Sources of legal information use primary legal materials (regulations and relevant documents) for further qualitative analysis. The approach used is

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Zhao, Tong. "Sanction experience and sanction behavior: an analysis of Chinese perception and behavior on economic sanctions." Contemporary Politics 16, no. 3 (2010): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2010.501639.

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Cihan, Abdullah, and Charles R. Tittle. "Self-Control, Sanction Threats, Temptation, and Crime: Examining Contingencies of Self-Control in a Cross-National Context." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (2019): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718824939.

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Using a representative household survey data, we examine the generality of self-control, the predictive strengths of sanction threats, and the interaction between criminal propensity and sanction threats in explaining criminal probability. Although the data confirm the generality of self-control predictions of deviant/criminal behavior in the Turkish cultural context, the effects appear quite modest and contingent on fear of informal sanctions and temptation. Consistent with the findings of recent studies, a small interaction between self-control and sanction threats suggests that deterrence i

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TURNER, MICHAEL G., FRANCIS T. CULLEN, JODY L. SUNDT, and BRANDON K. APPLEGATE. "Public Tolerance for Community-Based Sanctions." Prison Journal 77, no. 1 (1997): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077001002.

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Based on a factorial design survey of 237 Hamilton County (Cincinnati), Ohio, residents, we assessed not only whether respondents preferred, but also “tolerated” or viewed as acceptable, community-based sanctions. Rating vignettes in which the offender engaged in either burglary or robbery, a slight majority of the respondents favored a sentence involving incarceration. Even so, a sizable minority of the sample preferred to sanction offenders in the community, and tolerance for such a sanction was widespread. There was little support, however, for sanctions that did not involve the close super

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Théoua-n’dri, Pélagie. "La sanction disciplinaire des gestionnaires publics pour faute de gestion en côte d’ivoire." Revue française de finances publiques N° 157, no. 1 (2022): 19–34. https://doi.org/10.3917/rffp.157.0019.

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La sanction disciplinaire des gestionnaires publics pour faute de gestion n’apparaît pas comme un moyen privilégié de sanction. En Côte d’Ivoire bien que les textes soient favorables à un renforcement des sanctions disciplinaires en la matière, leur application effective reste négligée.

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Putra, Ida Bagus Sudarma. "Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”." Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 6, no. 1 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2022.v06.i01.p02.

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Penglipuran is a customary village in Bali that traditionally imposes a customary sanction for villagers who litter waste in the territory of the village in the form of holding a prayascita ceremony. This article aims to analyze the existence of prayascita customary sanctions in Penglipuran Village, the efforts to overcome littering in the village territory, and the implications of such sanctions on the legal awareness of the community. This paper combines a religious based-research in social-humanities and empirical juridical research that analyzes data and legal sources in descriptive, quali

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LAURE DE BATZ. "Financial Sanctions in France – 2004-2016." Bankers, Markets & Investors 149 (July 1, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/bmi.149.279.

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The French Financial Market Authority published 308 sanction decisions from its creation in 2004 until late 2016, mostly resulting in a guilty verdict (90%) associated withfinancial fines (94%) and/or with disciplinary sanctions (30%), after long procedures(2.7 years on average), followed potentially by appeals. Half of them were first publishedanonymized. The most frequently sanctioned market participants are listed and assetmanagement companies. From 2012 to 2016, 32 settlements complemented the legalarsenal. They are by law quicker, target less severe regulatory breaches without guiltrecogn

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Korabel, Mariia. "Certain issues of sanctioning criminal law provisions." Actual problems of innovative economy and law 2023, no. 5-6 (2023): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2023-5-12.

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The sanction of an article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine reveals the legal aspect of criminal punishment. It determines the type and amount of punishment for a criminal offense. Depending on the degree and nature of the public danger, the sanction of a criminal law provision sets out what restrictions a person is subjected to, which may relate to specific personal, property, and other human and civil rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of Ukraine. The protection of human rights and freedoms is a priority for the state. The fight against crime is carried o

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Prostoserdov, Mikhail A. "Dynamics of Criminal Law Sanctions." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.12.76-81.

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This article presents the results of a study on the dynamics of criminal sanctions in the current criminal law of the Russian Federation. The author studied the ways of transferring the sanction of the main corpus delicti to the sanction of the qualified corpus delicti. In the course of the study, the author identified some defects in the construction of certain criminal legal sanctions and proposed ways to eliminate these defects.

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Chavda, Mr Divyansh P., and Mr Piyush kashiyani. "AI for Economic Diplomacy: Predicting the Global Impact of Sanctions Using Machine Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44094.

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In this paper, we introduce a machine learning model for predicting the effectiveness of international economic sanctions based on structured data. From the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R4) and macroeconomic data from the World Bank, we construct models of sanction effectiveness that predict sanctions as effective or ineffective. Preprocessing data, feature engineering, and training machine learning models, such as logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting models (XGBoost/LightGBM), and regularized regression methods, constitute the methodology. Precision, recall, F1-score, AUC

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Firth, Michael A., Phyllis Lai Lan Mo, and Raymond M. K. Wong. "Auditors' Reporting Conservatism after Regulatory Sanctions: Evidence from China." Journal of International Accounting Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-50711.

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ABSTRACT This study examines whether regulatory sanctions have a disciplinary effect on auditors in a large emerging market. Based on the enforcement releases issued by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) during 1996–2007, we hypothesize and find that auditors who are sanctioned for failure to detect and report financial statement fraud report more conservatively after the sanction. Our empirical findings specifically suggest that sanctioned auditors issue more going-concern opinions for risky clients after enforcement action than they did before the enforcement action. In contra

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Kinsburskaya, V. A. "Features of Credit Institutions Carrying out Activities in the Field of AML/CFT/PWF in the Context of the Application of Sanctions and Counter-Sanctions." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 9 (2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2024.121.9.049-056.

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The article analyzes the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions on the procedure and standards of banking services, including on the implementation of credit organizations activities in the field of AML/CFT/PWF. Based on the study of relevant legal acts adopted by authorized Russian bodies and domestic legal doctrine, the author shows that in the current situation of inconsistency between applied models of legal regulation and the established principles of regulation of banking relations, credit organizations are forced to revise their previously successfully tested standards and ethical mo

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Saeed Iranmanesh, M. I., A. Norallah Salehi, and B. Seyyed Abdolmajid Jalaee. "Using Fuzzy Logic Method to Investigate the Effect of Economic Sanctions on Business Cycles in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8833474.

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One of the main economic issues in Iran is the issue of economic sanctions. These sanctions have been imposed by various institutions and countries around the world in various forms since 1979 against Iran. Economic sanctions have affected large sections of Iran’s economy. Meanwhile, economic sanctions against Iran have had far-reaching effects on trade cycles in Iran. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of economic sanctions on the structure of business cycles in Iran. The sanction index is a tool for studying quantitative sanctions. The opinions of 15 experts in sanction

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Sergeev, L. I., and D. L. Sergeev. "Social product anti-sanction reproduction issues." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (May 30, 2023): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-4-128-137.

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The article introduces a new concept – sanction national and regional reproduction. The authors note that the operation of a number of objective economic laws in the sanction conditions of development to a certain extent loses the force of its impact on the reproduction of the gross social product. Changes in the processes of reproduction, distribution, exchange and consumption of the national and regional product under sanctions are analyzed. The scheme of output abroad of added value in case of sale of objects of labor is considered. Anti-sanction measures are proposed at all phases of the r

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Hdeshynskyi, D. E. "Theoretical and legal approaches to the classification of sanctions." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 4, no. 85 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.4.5.

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Theoretical and legal approaches to the classification of sanctions are systematized concepts used to analyze, define, and structure sanctions within a legal framework. These approaches are based on legal theory and help organize various types of sanctions depending on specific criteria. This article discusses theoretical and legal approaches to sanction classification in the legal system, emphasizing the importance of their application in law enforcement and legal accountability. Key approaches to sanction classification include distinctions based on the nature of enforcement measures and the

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Harel, Alon. "WHY ONLY THE STATE MAY INFLICT CRIMINAL SANCTIONS: THE CASE AGAINST PRIVATELY INFLICTED SANCTIONS." Legal Theory 14, no. 2 (2008): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135232520808004x.

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Criminal sanctions are typically inflicted by the state. The central role of the state in determining the severity of these sanctions and inflicting them requires justification. One justification for state-inflicted sanctions is simply that the state is more likely than other agents to determine accurately what a wrongdoer justly deserves and to inflict a just sanction on those who deserve it. Hence, in principle, the state could be replaced by other agents, for example, private individuals. This hypothesis has given rise to recent calls to reform the state's criminal justice system by introdu

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Cellini, Stephanie R., Rajeev Darolia, and Lesley J. Turner. "Where Do Students Go When For-Profit Colleges Lose Federal Aid?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 12, no. 2 (2020): 46–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180265.

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We examine the effects of federal sanctions imposed on for-profit institutions in the 1990s. Using county-level variation in the timing and magnitude of sanctions linked to student loan default rates, we estimate that sanctioned for-profits experience a 68 percent decrease in annual enrollment following sanction receipt. Enrollment losses due to for-profit sanctions are 60–70 percent offset by increased enrollment within local community colleges, where students are less likely to default on federal student loans. Conversely, for-profit sanctions decrease enrollment in local unsanctioned for-pr

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Mikhailina, T. V., Yu Gotsulyak та А. Gel. "Оn the problems of understanding the category «sanction» in the theory of law and branch jurisprudence". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 66 (14 грудня 2021): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.66.49.

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The scientific article is devoted to the analysis and rethinking of the category «sanction» in the theory of law and branch jurisprudence.As a result of the conducted research, the general theoretical definition of the category «sanction» as part of a legal norm that provides for negative consequences of non-compliance or improper implementation of the rule enshrined in the disposition of the rule of law, is supported.It is noted that, despite the existence of certain terminological differences, in general, the sciences of criminal law and the theory of law are moving in the same direction reg

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