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1
Alamusa, Yuhang Su, Quanlai Zhou, Zhiyu Liu, Yongcui Wang, and Xiao Zheng. "Artificial Vegetation for Sand Stabilization May Impact Sand Lake Dynamics in Dune Regions." Plants 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2024): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020255.
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Vegetation on dunes regulates the water supply from the dunes to the inter-dune lowland, which is a crucial factor affecting lake water dynamics in the inter-dune lowland. Previous researchers have paid insufficient attention to the water regulation function of dunes on a landscape- and regional scale. To fill this gap, both remote sensing technology and field observations were used to analyze the variations in the lake area and their influence factors, such as vegetation coverage and precipitation in the lake watershed, on a multi-year scale (2000–2020) and one-year scale (2021), respectively. The results showed that precipitation is the main factor influencing the changes in lake water, and artificial sand vegetation can regulate the changes in lake water. On the multi-year scale, with the coverage of artificial sand-fixing vegetation increasing on sand dunes in the lake watershed, the areas of the lakes were gradually decreasing. On the one-year scale, with dune vegetation coverage increased, the water supply from dunes to lakes showed a decreasing trend. This model can provide a possibility for estimating and predicting the influence of water supply from dunes to lakes that is affected by sand-fixing vegetation. The findings have significant theoretical and practical utility for the rational utilization of water resources in sandy land, as well as for assisting in the selection of an optimized construction mode for desert control projects.
2
Kadmon, Ronen. "ECOLOGY OF LINEAR DUNES: II. DIFFERENTIAL DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSES OF ANNUAL PLANTS TO LOCAL SCALE VARIATION IN SAND STABILITY." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 42, no. 4 (May 13, 1994): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1994.10676580.
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An experimental study was designed to investigate the demographic mechanisms by which annual plants inhabiting desert sand dunes respond to local gradients in the stability of the sand. The results indicated that individual plants emerging at different topographic positions along the dune experience different probabilities of survival and reproduction. The general trend observed was a decrease in seedling survival, plant biomass, fecundity, reproductive allocation, and fruit weight from the relatively stable, interdune corridor towards the unstable crest of the dune. However, all of these demographic responses were highly species-specific, indicating that coexisting annual species respond differentially to underlying patterns of spatial heterogeneity in the stability of the sand. These results suggest that local-scale spatial heterogeneity in sand stability may be important in promoting coexistence of desert sand dune annuals.
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Willis, A. J. "Coastal sand dunes as biological systems." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010836.
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SynopsisWith the gradation of intensities of environmental factors from the strand-line to stable inland areas, coastal dunes show many ecological phenomena especially clearly. These are reviewed broadly, with some emphasis on topics on which important advances are being made. The nutrient status of dune soil and changes with time are shown with reference to several dune systems. Changes in major nutrients are given for Braunton Burrows, north Devon, where the influence of nitrogen fixation by Lotus corniculatus is illustrated. The effects of sand burial on plants are considered, and details given of the root systems of vigorous and relict marram; factors which may affect its decline in vigour are reviewed. Also discussed is the likely significance of nematodes in the decline of Hippophaë rhamnoides. Reasons for the richness of the dune flora are considered and also some autecological studies. At the physiological level, reference is made to the water relations of plants and at the biochemical level to the occurrence and possible ecological importance of stress metabolites. Life strategies, phenology, survivorship, competition and the population ecology of dune plants are reviewed and also the interaction of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae). The population genetics of dune plants is illustrated by reference to Festuca rubra and Ammophila arenaria and of animals to Cepaea nemoralis.The abundance and ecological relationships of the invertebrate fauna are exemplified by surveys at Spurn Point, extensive investigations on spiders and the influence of marram on arthropod communities. The ecology of the natterjack load is considered in relation to conservation and the effects of large animal grazers in relation to the diversity of vegetation.
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van Puijenbroek, Marinka E. B., Corjan Nolet, Alma V. de Groot, Juha M. Suomalainen, Michel J. P. M. Riksen, Frank Berendse, and Juul Limpens. "Exploring the contributions of vegetation and dune size to early dune development using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging." Biogeosciences 14, no. 23 (December 7, 2017): 5533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5533-2017.
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Abstract. Dune development along highly dynamic land–sea boundaries is the result of interaction between vegetation and dune size with sedimentation and erosion processes. Disentangling the contribution of vegetation characteristics from that of dune size would improve predictions of nebkha dune development under a changing climate, but has proven difficult due to the scarcity of spatially continuous monitoring data. This study explored the contributions of vegetation and dune size to dune development for locations differing in shelter from the sea. We monitored a natural nebkha dune field of 8 ha, along the coast of the island Texel, the Netherlands, for 1 year using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with camera. After constructing a digital surface model and orthomosaic we derived for each dune (1) vegetation characteristics (species composition, vegetation density, and maximum vegetation height), (2) dune size (dune volume, area, and maximum height), (3) degree of shelter (proximity to other nebkha dunes and the sheltering by the foredune). Changes in dune volume over summer and winter were related to vegetation, dune size and degree of shelter. We found that a positive change in dune volume (dune growth) was linearly related to initial dune volume over summer but not over winter. Big dunes accumulated more sand than small dunes due to their larger surface area. Exposed dunes increased more in volume (0.81 % per dune per week) than sheltered dunes (0.2 % per dune per week) over summer, while the opposite occurred over winter. Vegetation characteristics did not significantly affect dune growth in summer, but did significantly affect dune growth in winter. Over winter, dunes dominated by Ammophila arenaria, a grass species with high vegetation density throughout the year, increased more in volume than dunes dominated by Elytrigia juncea, a grass species with lower vegetation density (0.43 vs. 0.42 (m3 m−3) week−1). The effect of species was irrespective of dune size or distance to the sea. Our results show that dune growth in summer is mainly determined by dune size, whereas in winter dune growth was determined by vegetation type. In our study area the growth of exposed dunes was likely restricted by storm erosion, whereas growth of sheltered dunes was restricted by sand supply. Our results can be used to improve models predicting coastal dune development.
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Anglister, Nili, Yoram Yom-Tov, and Uzi Motro. "The impact of Acacia saligna and the loss of mobile dunes on rodent populations: a case study in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands in Israel." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 66, no. 3-4 (August 27, 2019): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22238980-00001049.
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The Mediterranean coastal dune habitat of Israel is diminishing rapidly, mostly due to massive urbanization, changes in habitat characteristics caused by dune stabilization and the presence of Acacia saligna, an invasive species brought to Israel for the purpose of dune stabilization. In this study we document the effect of sand stabilization on the composition of small mammal communities in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands, Israel. We analyzed differences in species diversity and abundance for species of rodents in four types of habitat: unstable (mobile) sand dune, semi-stabilized dune, inter-dune depression and a plot of the invasive Acacia saligna. Rodent communities were found to undergo gradual changes concurrently with the stabilization of the sands. The mobile dune was the only habitat in which the strict psammophiles Jaculus jaculus and Gerbillus pyramidum were captured in abundance. No species commensal with human were captured neither in the mobile nor in the semi-stabilized dunes. However, in the inter-dune depression there was quite a large representation of Mus musculus, a rodent commensal with humans. The Acacia saligna plot had the lowest number of captures and the lowest rodent biomass calculated, with Mus musculus composing nearly half of the captures. The results of this study demonstrate that stabilization of the sands in Ashdod-Nizzanim area is associated with the disappearance of psammophile rodents and the appearance of species commensal with humans. In order to preserve the habitat for psammophile rodents, measures should be taken to halt the spread of acacia and the continuing stabilization of the sands.
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Delgado-Fernandez, Irene, Robin G. D. Davidson-Arnott, and Patrick A. Hesp. "Is ‘re-mobilisation’ nature restoration or nature destruction? A commentary." Journal of Coastal Conservation 23, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-019-00716-9.
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Abstract Coastal dunes are experiencing increases in vegetation cover and reduced mobility levels in many sites around the world. Ecology-led approaches to coastal dune management perceive this change as ‘undesirable’ because the increase in plant cover leads to a reduction in partially vegetated to bare sand habitats and the species depending on them. This has generated a shift in the management paradigm where the objective is to revert this trend by intervening in the landscape, with actions ranging from re-introducing grazing and mowing, to mechanical removal of dune form and vegetation (dune ‘rejuvenation’). In some cases, such as many coastal dunes in Britain, this has also led to low controls on visitor pressure and allowing/promoting human trampling as a ‘natural’ way to free up areas of bare sand. This commentary critically analyses the main principles (and terminology) underlying this relatively recent shift in management paradigm, and questions assumptions such as ‘bare sand is good’ and/or ‘mobility is natural’ in the context of dune evolutionary cycles and responses to abiotic and biotic drivers. We review the limitations and dangers of this approach and argue that it is not sustainable given the current climatic and environmental conditions, and that it can increase the risk of coastal erosion and force dune systems to deviate from adapting and changing to direct/indirect drivers. Finally, we present the benefits of a management approach that focuses on minimizing human impacts so that natural processes continue to occur.
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Amin, Rajan, Tim Wacher, Tom Bruce, and Chris Barichievy. "The status and ecology of the sand cat in the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area, Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia." Mammalia 85, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0031.
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Abstract The sand cat is one of the world’s least studied small cats. Our camera-trap survey, one of the largest undertaken in a desert system, generated over 1500 images of the species across 100 camera-traps distributed systematically over the 2400 km2 core area of the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area of the Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed a much more significant and widespread sand cat population in the ecosystem than previously understood. Sand cats were detected across one-third of the core area in all major habitats, comprising escarpment plateau, sand dunes and interdunal gravel valleys. The species showed a marginal preference for the interior parallel dune system with interspersed gravel valleys where they also preferred sand dunes over the gravel valley in the hot season. There was no evidence of strong spatial interactions with other predators. The ecosystem’s larger predators (Arabian red fox and honey badger, and all records of wild and feral cats) were primarily associated with the escarpment plateau. The smaller Rueppell’s fox was the only other carnivore more consistently present in the main dune system. Sand cats were strictly nocturnal and 14% more active in the hot season than the cool season.
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Bar Kutiel, Pua, and Michael Dorman. "The Importance of Annual Plants and Multi-Scalar Analysis for Understanding Coastal Dune Stabilization Process in the Mediterranean." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062821.
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Since ecological phenomena and patterns vary with scale, scalar analysis is a developing practice in ecology. Scalar analysis is most valuable in heterogeneous environments, since habitat heterogeneity is a key factor in determining biodiversity. One such case can be seen in the changes in annual vegetation in coastal sand dune systems. Most studies in these environments are carried out at the dune scale, comparing dunes at different stabilization states. However, a broader understanding of dune stabilization processes requires analyses at the finer scales of dune slope aspects (directions of exposure to wind) and patches (under and between woody perennial species). Here, we present the results of a study that combines the three scales (dune, slope, and patch) in the Mediterranean coastal dune systems in Israel. Through this multi-scalar analysis, we are able to describe processes at the finer patch and aspect scale and explain how they shape patterns at the dune scale. The results indicate that the dune scale exposes the differences in annual plant characteristics between mobile and fixed dunes, their slopes and patches and the reorganization and spatial distribution of annual plants within mobile and fixed dunes during the stabilization process.
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Honrado, J., J. Vicente, A. Lomba, P. Alves, J. A. Macedo, R. Henriques, H. Granja, and F. B. Caldas. "Fine-scale patterns of vegetation assembly in the monitoring of changes in coastal sand-dune landscapes." Web Ecology 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-10-1-2010.
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Abstract. Understanding dune ecosystem responses to multi-scale environmental changes can provide the framework for reliable forecasts and cost-efficient protocols for detecting shifts in prevailing coastal dynamics. Based on the hypothesis that stress and disturbance interact as primary community controls in coastal dunes, we studied the fine-scale floristic assembly of foredune vegetation, in its relation to topography, along regional and local environmental gradients in the 200 km long coastline of northern Portugal, encompassing a major biogeographic transition in western Europe. Thirty topographic profiles perpendicular to the shoreline were recorded at ten sites along the regional climate gradient, and vegetation was sampled by recording the frequency of plant species along those profiles. Quantitative topographic attributes of vegetated dune profiles (e.g. length or height) exhibited wide variations relatable to differences in prevailing coastal dynamics. Metrics of taxonomic diversity (e.g. total species richness and its additive beta component) and of the functional composition of vegetation were highly correlated to attributes of dune topography. Under transgressive dynamics, vegetation profiles have fewer species, increased dominance, lower turnover rates, and lower total vegetation cover. These changes may drive a decrease in structural and functional diversity, with important consequences for resistance, resilience and other ecosystem properties. Moreover, differences in both vegetation assembly (in meta-stable dunes) and response to increased disturbance (in eroding dunes) between distinct biogeographic contexts highlight a possible decline in facilitation efficiency under extreme physical stress (i.e. under Mediterranean climate) and support the significance of functional approaches in the study of local ecosystem responses to disturbance along regional gradients. Our results strongly suggest that assessing fine-scale community assembly can provide insights on the relation between dune vegetation, environmental filters and ecosystem processes. A combination of cost-efficient indicators from dune topography and vegetation is thus suggested as a promising approach to survey, forecast and monitor changes in coastal dune ecosystems.
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Stürmer, S. L., and M. M. Bellei. "Composition and seasonal variation of spore populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in dune soils on the island of Santa Catarina, Brazil." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-048.
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A sand dune area in Santa Catarina, Brazil, was surveyed every 3 months to determine species composition and seasonal variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations associated with Spartina ciliata. Spores from 12 fungal species were recovered. Overall species richness was 5.9. A plot of rank versus abundance provided an indirect measure of the structure of the fungal community and showed a linear relationship among species. A mean of 298 spores/100 g soil were extracted from sand dune samples, with Acaulospora scrobiculata forming 50.9% of the total population. The most frequently recovered species at all sampling dates were Gigaspora albida, Scutellospora weresubiae, A. scrobiculata, and one undescribed Scutellospora species. Spore abundance ranged from 0 to 69 spores/100 g soil for all species except A. scrobiculata (60–247 spores/100 g). Spore abundance of each species did not vary significantly through the season. However, several general trends were observed. The number of spores of Glomus constrictum, Glomus etunicatum, and Acaulospora sp. (No. 2) was maximal in winter, whereas that of Gigaspora albida peaked in spring. Species composition and richness of arbuscular fungi in Brazilian dunes appear to be similar to those in sand dunes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ecology, sand dunes, spore populations, Brazil.
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Ellerton, Daniel, Tammy Rittenour, Graziela Miot da Silva, Allen Gontz, James Shulmeister, Patrick Hesp, Talitha C. Santini, and Kevin J. Welsh. "Late-Holocene cliff-top blowout activation and evolution in the Cooloola Sand Mass, south-east Queensland, Australia." Holocene 28, no. 11 (August 6, 2018): 1697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618788679.
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Cliff-top dunes are a locally important geomorphic features of sedimentary coasts. They are traditionally interpreted as being sourced by (or with) sand derived from the beach below the cliff. This paper presents the results of a stratigraphic and geochronological study of Carlo Sand Blow, a coastal blowout that has developed on top of a high sandy cliff in the Cooloola Sand Mass, south-east Queensland. We use a combination of sedimentological, pedological and geophysical techniques along with optically stimulated luminescence dating to determine the depositional history and evolution of the blowout. We demonstrate that the blowout is dominantly nourished by sand eroded from its floor rather than the adjacent beach. The original dune surface dates to the first half of the last glacial period (c. 40–70 ka) and this dune was deflated in the late-Holocene. Dune activity is directly associated with cliff undercutting because of coastal retreat in the late-Holocene, but coastal erosion on its own is not capable of maintaining aeolian activity. Blowout activity occurred between 2.6 and 2.3 ka and again at 0.3 ka with aeolian sand burying palaeosols. Both soil surfaces contained charcoal and tree stumps in growth position and our study suggests that fire is the immediate trigger for blowout reactivation. It is likely that these fires were anthropogenic in origin, because the site is somewhat protected from natural fire and the ages coincide with intensification of human use of coastal sites in the area.
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Loula, Angelo C., Leandro N. de Castro, Antônio L. Apolinário, Pedro L. B. da Rocha, Maria da Conceição L. Carneiro, Vanessa Perpétua G. S. Reis, Ricardo F. Machado, Claudia Sepulveda, and Charbel N. El-Hani. "Modeling a Virtual World for the Educational Game Calangos." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/382396.
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Ecology plays a central role in biology and deserves special attention in scientific education. Nonetheless, the teaching and learning of ecology face a number of difficulties. In order to tackle these difficulties, electronic games have recently been used to mediate ecology learning. This paper presents an electronic game that fulfills these gaps in order to make the students’ work with ecological concepts more concrete, active, and systematic. The paper presents the computational model of the ecological system included in the game, based on a real ecological case, a sand dune ecosystem located in the semiarid Caatinga biome, namely, the sand dunes of the middle São Francisco River, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It includes various ecological relationships between endemic lizards and the physical environment, preys, predators, cospecifics, and plants. The engine of the game simulates the physical conditions of the ecosystem (dune topography and climate conditions with their circadian and circannual cycles), its biota (plant species and animal species), and ecological relationships (predator-prey encounters, cospecific relationships). We also present results from one classroom study of a teaching sequence structured around Calangos, which showed positive outcomes regarding high school students’ understanding of thermal regulation in ectothermic animals.
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Robson, Diana Bizecki. "A Conservation Evaluation of Smooth Goosefoot, Chenopodium subglabrum (Chenopodiaceae), in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i3.325.
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Smooth Goosefoot (Chenopodium subglabrum) is restricted to North America and reaches its northern distribution limit in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The habitat of Chenopodium subglabrum contains some element of active sand. It is commonly found on the stabilizing edges of active dunes as well as dune blowouts, and occasionally on bare or recently disturbed sand plains. Chenopodium subglabrum is a sexually reproducing annual species with seeds that may remain in the seed bank for several years, waiting for the conditions it favours for germination. Germination of this species is erratic, possibly in response to moisture, making the overall population trend difficult to determine. The estimated population in Canada is likely between 5000 and 10000 individuals. There has been considerable loss of habitat as dunes become vegetated. The processes of dune stabilization and fire control threaten survival of this species.
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Kavgaci, Ali. "Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of Turkey." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0010-z.
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Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of TurkeyIgneada is located in the northwest part of Turkey on the Black Sea coast and it is also near the national border between Turkey and Bulgaria. The Igneada region was accepted as one of the most important plant areas of Turkey. In this work, a study was made on the phytosociological structure of Igneada sand dune vegetation, which is the one of the important components of the richness in the region. At the end of the assessment of the data, 3 communities were defined. These communities areOtantho-Leymetum sabulosi, Medicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community and meadow behind the sand dune. The part of the sand dune closest to the sea has width of 30 m, ascends with a specific inclination and has no vegetation coverage. Behind this part,Otantho-Leymetum sabulosioccurs at places where the sand dune has an unstable structure. TheMedicago rigidula-Cionura erectabasal community appears behindOtantho-Leymetum sabulosiand the sand dune has a stable structure at these areas. Behind these communities, another vegetation belt occurs, formed by the species that are cosmopolite or characteristic for meadow vegetation.
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Wolfe, Stephen A., Olav B. Lian, Christopher H. Hugenholtz, and Justine R. Riches. "Holocene eolian sand deposition linked to climatic variability, Northern Great Plains, Canada." Holocene 27, no. 4 (October 7, 2016): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670223.
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The Bigstick and Seward Sand Hills are possibly two of the oldest dune fields within the late Wisconsin glaciated regions of the Northern Great Plains. As with most Northern Great Plains dune fields, source sediments are former proglacial outwash sands. Thus, Holocene dune construction is primarily related to spatial–temporal variations in surface cover and transport capacity, rather than renewed sediment input. However, eolian landscape reconstructions on the Northern Great Plains have been temporally constrained to recent periods of activity, as older episodes of deposition are typically reworked by younger events. In this study, sediment cores from shallow lacustrine basins and interdune areas provide an improved record of Holocene eolian sand deposition. Eolian sand accumulation in the interdunes and basins occurred between 150 and 270 years ago, 1.9 and 3.0 ka, 5.4 and 8.6 ka, and prior to ca. 10.8 ka. These episodes of sand accumulation were bracketed by lacustrine deposition and soil formation, which represented wetter conditions. Other than mid-Holocene dune activity, which may be related to peak warmth and aridity, most periods of eolian sand accumulation coincided with cooler but drier climatic events such as the Younger Dryas, late-Holocene cooling prior to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, and the ‘Little Ice Age’. These depositional episodes are also spatially represented by other dune fields in the region, providing a broad-scale view of the connections between past climatic events and eolian landscape evolution on the Northern Great Plains.
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Eichmanns, Christiane, Simone Lechthaler, Wiebke Zander, Mariana Vélez Pérez, Holger Blum, Frank Thorenz, and Holger Schüttrumpf. "Sand Trapping Fences as a Nature-Based Solution for Coastal Protection: An International Review with a Focus on Installations in Germany." Environments 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8120135.
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Sand trapping fences are a widely used nature-based solution to initiate dune toe growth along sandy shorelines for coastal protection. At present, the construction of sand trapping fences is based on empirical knowledge, since only a few scientific studies investigating their efficiency exist. However, the restoration and maintenance of beach-dune systems along the coast requires knowledge of the interaction between the beach-dune system and the sand trapping fences to provide guidance for coastal managers on how and where to install the fences. First, this review gives an overview of the typical aerodynamic and morphodynamic conditions around a single porous fence and the influence of various fence height and porosity values to understand the physical processes during dune establishment. Second, different approaches for evaluating the efficiency of sand trapping fences to trap sediment are described. This review then highlights significant differences between sand trapping fence configurations, nationally as well as internationally, regarding the arrangement, the materials used, and the height and porosity. In summary, it is crucial to enable an intensive exchange among the respective coastal authorities in order to create uniform or transferable guidelines taking local conditions into account, and thus work collaboratively on the idea of sand trapping fences as a nature-based solution in coastal areas worldwide.
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Hill, Nicholas, Leah Beveridge, Andrea Flynn, and David J. Garbary. "Rosa rugosa as an Invader of Coastal Sand Dunes of Cape Breton Island and Mainland of Nova Scotia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i2.1054.
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Rosa rugosa is described for the first time as an invasive species associated with coastal sand dunes in Atlantic Canada. Our surveys of 24 beaches on western Cape Breton Island and the mainland of northern Nova Scotia from Cheticamp to Fox Harbour showed that 11 of the dune systems (ca. 45%) were colonized. This was more prevalent in Cape Breton where R. rugosa occurred on 9 of 13 systems, whereas only 2 of 9 mainland systems were colonized. Four dunes (three in Cape Breton) were considered heavily colonized with 0.4 - 8.8% of the dune area with cover of R. rugosa. These beaches had 12 - 42 independent clumps with almost monospecific stands over 90% cover. In general, heavily colonized beaches were found adjacent to communities where extensive domestic planting and hedges of R. rugosa occurred and where escapes onto roadsides had occurred. In most colonized beach systems, rhizomes from clones extended 1 - 5 m to produce younger shoots. The absence of Ammophila breviligulata, Lathyrus maritimus and Myrica pensylvanica, from the interior of many clumps of R. rugosa suggests that native dune communities are being negatively impacted. This exacerbates dune integrity already compromised by impacts of sea level rise.
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Lubke, Roy A. "Current State of Ammophila arenaria (Marram Grass) Distribution in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and the Possible Effect of the Grass on the Dune System Dynamics." Plants 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172260.
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The principal aim of this paper is to show that marram grass is not an invasive alien in South Africa although it affects the dune dynamics as a useful pioneer species in the dune successional process. The historical perspective of marram introduction as a dune stabiliser and the studies and conclusions reached from our European Union funded project, INVASS, in the 1990s and early 2000s is presented. Although these studies showed that marram was non-invasive, this was not clearly carried through to the authorities, and the use of the grass as a dune stabiliser was limited without a special permit. This prompted a survey of the current situation of marram on dune sites in the Eastern Cape. Along with earlier (1980s) data on the dunes, 69 relevés with 66 species abundance from sites along the Eastern Cape shoreline were assembled. These data were analysed with Detrended Correspondence Analysis to show the relationships of the samples (relevés) and species in a 2-dimensional scatter diagram. The survey showed that there are four dune sites where marram grass is no longer present, due to either marram being out of its climatic range, erosion of sand under storm conditions which made the habitat unsuitable, or in one case where marram simply disappeared. Marram often remains in other sites where three to five dune pioneer species were recorded. On some dunes, although marram is the most abundant dune pioneer, it is never dominant in the dune environment but has a presence of as much as 75% at any site. The eight pioneer species are widely dispersed on the DCA scatter diagram, while the shrub species characterising the Coastal Scrub are tightly clustered, showing that all the pioneer dune communities behave similarly in the dune successional series. The conclusion from these studies is that marram grass does not always persist in the dune systems. If marram does persist, it does not compete and behaves identically to the indigenous species as a dune pioneer. These studies show that marram grass is a non-invasive species that can be successfully used in dune stabilisation on Cape dunes.
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Timms, B. V. "Study of coastal freshwater lakes in southern New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 3 (1997): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96049.
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There are few freshwater lakes associated with coastal dunes in southern New South Wales (NSW). Lake Nargal near Narooma, Bondi Lake near Bega, and a small lagoon near Pambula have little in common limnologically with coastal dune lakes of northern NSW and southern Queensland. They differ in mode of origin, are less dominated by NaCl, are less acidic, are more speciose, have few characteristic dune-lake indicator species, and moreover contain certain southern species. However, a re-examination of data for Lakes Windermere and McKenzie further north at Jervis Bay suggest that these are classic dune-contact lakes rather similar to those in northern NSW. Differences and similarities are largely influenced by the extent and therefore the hydrological influence of the contextural coastal sand mass and by biogeography.
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Griffin, Christine, Alec Rolston, and Martin Downes. "Distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in an Irish sand dune system." Nematology 7, no. 2 (2005): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541054879485.
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AbstractA 100 × 800 m section of the sand dune system at North Bull Island, Dublin Bay, Ireland, was surveyed for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) by baiting soil cores with Galleria mellonella in July and August of 2001 and 2002. Two species were found: Steinernema feltiae (2.5 and 3.2% of cores) and Heterorhabditis downesi (1.9 and 3.8% of cores in 2001 and 2002, respectively). In each year, two colour variants of the G. mellonella cadavers containing H. downesi were found: purple and yellow. In both 2001 and 2002, H. downesi was most prevalent in the front 20 m of the dune system. Steinernema feltiae occurrence generally increased with distance into the dunes. In 2002, H. downesi was recovered most often in sandy paths than any other habitat surveyed but there was no habitat differentiation for S. feltiae. Human traffic may be an important factor in the distribution of both EPN and their insect hosts on Bull Island.
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G. P. Pawar and A. B. Telave. "Biodiversity, Biocleansing and Anthropogenic Activities on the two Tourist Beaches of Raigad, Maharashtra, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 02 (2023): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.058.
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Sandy beaches play an important role in tourism by their recreational value and maintain ecological balance in coastal environment. They provide nursery ground to floral, faunal diversity and also livelihood to local villagers by tourism. In the present study two rural, tourist beaches of Raigad, Maharashtra, i.e. Revdanda and Kashid, selected for their sand dune flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities study. A field survey is carried out in the month March to September 2021 and 52 sand dune plant species with 5 avifaunal species are recorded from the study sites. The various biocleansing agents and their feeding activities were noted. During survey, different anthropogenic activities are recorded and found that plastic and alcoholic beverages waste is major problem on both beaches. The present study highlights the importance of biocleansing agents regarding recreational values of beaches, and also brings attention towards anthropogenic activities of study sites. The present study recommended that, urgent steps taken against beach pollution and prevents its negative impacts on coastal ecology.
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D'Ulisse, Angelo, and M. A. Maun. "Population ecology of Cirsium pitcheri on Lake Huron sand dunes: II. Survivorship of plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-207.
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Cirsium pitcheri is a threatened plant species endemic to the shoreline sand dunes of the Greak Lakes. In this study, we attempted to identify some of the environmental factors that may limit the growth, survival, and reproduction of its populations. This species occurs as a minor associate among mixed populations of three dominant grass species, Ammophila breviligulata, Calamovilfa longifolia, and Andropogon scoparius in sandy soil of varying texture (fine, medium, coarse, or shingle). It occupies bare areas within stands of grasses on the first and second sand dune ridges and is prevalent in blowouts. The size class distribution based on the number of leaves per plant showed that the population was dominated by young plants (1–5 leaves) and the relative frequency of juveniles in each successive size class decreased from the smallest to the largest size class. Large juveniles were few in number, which suggests that there was high mortality during the juvenile phase. Seedling mortality in individual plots ranged from 11 to 90% in 1993 and 0 to 70% in 1994. Seed production of its populations was severely reduced because of consumption of whole capitula by white-tailed deer. Transition probabilities indicated that the probability of flowering was dependent on the size of the plant based on the longest leaf length. Keywords: survivorship, deer grazing, transition probability, sand texture, Cirsium pitcheri.
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Robson, Diana Bizecki. "An Analysis of the Distribution, Ecology, and Status of Bugseeds (Corispermum) in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1081.
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The bugseeds (Corispermum spp.) are a genus of annual plants that are uncommon due to their psammophilic, ruderal habit. Bugseeds are typically found in natural areas with some bare sand, like sand dunes, but are also present in anthropogenically impacted sandy or gravelly areas. Increasing dune stabilization may be causing the endangerment of some Bugseed species. Assessing the rarity of the five species in Canada is hindered by the lack of recently collected specimens and the use of out-dated nomenclature in herbaria. Specimens of bugseeds from major herbaria all across Canada were examined and re-identified using the most recent taxonomic treatment in the Flora of North America. Hairy Bugseed (C. villosum) was the most commonly collected taxon and Hooker's Bugseed (C. hookeri var. pseudodeclinatum) the rarest. The natural distribution of all taxa, except Alaskan Bugseed (C. ochotense) which is only found in the far north, is from British Columbia to Ontario. Hairy, Hooker's and American Bugseed (C. americanum) are also found in Quebec, where they may have been introduced from further west. Summaries of Bugseed localities and habitats, and distribution maps are presented to facilitate the status assessment of plants in this genus.
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Šimanauskienė, Rasa, Rita Linkevičienė, Ramūnas Povilanskas, Jonas Satkūnas, Darijus Veteikis, Aldona Baubinienė, and Julius Taminskas. "Curonian Spit Coastal Dunes Landscape: Climate Driven Change Calls for the Management Optimization." Land 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060877.
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On the Curonian Spit, the leading conservation issue is an opposition between the two contrasting nature-management principles—anthropocentricity and biocentricity. Land managers still waver between the two options, and the worst-case scenario materializes as a rapid proliferation of vegetation to the accumulative sandplain (palve). It results in the decline of sand drift to the mobile dunes. This article aims to examine how climate change affects the coastal dune landscape and to identify current dune protection and management priorities. The analysis of hydroclimatic changes; succession patterns in forest, herbaceous, and open-sand ecosystems; and phenological-based evaluation (NDVI from MODIS, 2000–2020), influencing possible management directions, were carried out in this study. The results show the significant hydro-climatic changes (air temperature, precipitation, and sea level) occurring over the last thirty years. They influence the prevailing overgrowth trends in recent decades, especially in herbaceous ecosystems. Therefore, if the EU’s priority habitat—open-sand ecosystems—is to be preserved, the main policy recommendation is to apply adequate management tools such as grazing, and to pay more attention to the aesthetic ecosystem services of the mobile dunes parallel to biodiversity conservation.
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del Valle, H. F., C. M. Rostagno, F. R. Coronato, P. J. Bouza, and P. D. Blanco. "Sand dune activity in north-eastern Patagonia." Journal of Arid Environments 72, no. 4 (April 2008): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.07.011.
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Fan, Shugao, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, and Yanrong Wang. "The seed ecology of Agriophyllum squarrosum, a pioneer sand dune annual in Central Asia, with particular reference to seed germination." Seed Science Research 27, no. 3 (July 19, 2017): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258517000162.
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AbstractIn central Asia, Agriophyllum squarrosum is the first species to become established during natural succession on sand dunes. However, low germination percentages and thus poor stand establishment greatly inhibit the use of this key species in the stabilization of dunes. The aim of this review is to critically analyse published information on the seed biology of A. squarrosum with particular reference to identifying the factors limiting germination of seeds sown in the field. A conceptual model is used to illustrate the complexities of factors as well as the unknowns we found about the seed/seedling stage of the life cycle of this sand dune annual. A major result of this review is that we now know that high germination percentages can be obtained by storing freshly collected seeds dry at room temperatures for 2 to 3 months to allow dormancy break to occur via afterripening, and then storing them dry at low (e.g. 4–5°C) temperature to prevent them from entering secondary dormancy. Non-dormant seeds should be sown in the field in late spring when wind-blown sand will cover them, thus ensuring that they are in darkness, which promotes germination, at the time summer rains occur.
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Martínez, M. Luisa, Octavio Pérez-Maqueo, Gabriela Vázquez, and Rosario Landgrave. "Warmer Temperature and Spatiotemporal Dynamics during Primary Succession on Tropical Coastal Dunes." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223029.
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Coastal dunes are sensitive indicators of climate change: it is expected that higher precipitation and warmer temperature will promote vegetation growth and sand stabilization. Alternatively, dunes may become active during severe droughts, which would reduce plant cover and increase sand mobility. Consequently, it is relevant to explore community shifts and self-organization processes to better understand how coastal dunes vegetation will respond to these projected changes. Primary succession allows the exploration of community assembly and reorganization processes. We focused on three environmental variables (bare sand, temperature, and precipitation) and five successional groups (facilitators, colonizers, sand binders, nucleators, and competitors). For 25 years (from 1991 to 2016), species turnover was monitored in 150 permanent plots (4 × 4 m) placed on an initially mobile dune system located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The spatiotemporal dynamics observed during primary succession were consistent with the facilitation nucleation model. As late colonizers grew and expanded, psammophytes became locally extinct. The spatial patterns revealed that ecological succession did not occur evenly on the dunes. In addition, the increased mean yearly temperature during the last decades seemed to be associated with the accelerated increment in plant cover and species richness, which had not been registered before in Mexico.
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Fischer, T., A. Yair, and M. Veste. "Microstructure and hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes: a comparison between arid and temperate climates." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2012): 12711–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-12711-2012.
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Abstract. We studied the relationships between crust microstructure, infiltration and water holding capacity under arid and temperate conditions (Factor A: Climate) on biological soil crusts (BSCs) sampled along a~catena on mobile sand dunes (Factor B: Catena). The arid study site was located near Nizzana, Israel (precipitation: 86 mm a−1, PET: ~2500 mm a−1) and the temperate site near Lieberose, Germany (precipitation: 569 mm a−1, PET: ~780 mm a−1). BSCs were sampled near the dune crest, at the centre of the dune slope and at the dune base at each site. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize BSC morphology and microstructure. Infiltration was determined using microinfiltrometry under controlled moisture conditions in the lab. Water holding capacities were determined after water saturation of the dry BSCs. Wettability of the crusts was characterized using a "repellency index", which was calculated from water and ethanol sorptivities. Irrespective of the climate, an accumulation of fine particles in the BSCs was found, increasing along the catena from dune crest to dune base. Texture was finer and water holding capacities of the underlying substrate were higher at the arid site, whereas surface wettability was reduced at the temperate site. At both sites, BSCs caused extra water holding capacity compared to the substrate. Infiltration rates decreased along the catena and were generally lower at the dune slope and base of the arid site. A mechanism of crust stabilization is proposed where BSCs benefit from increased texture and biomass mediated water supply, and where the water supply to higher plants was limited due to alteration of physico-chemical surface properties under temperate conditions.
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Abramsky, Zvika, Sol Brand, and Michael Rosenzweig. "Geographical Ecology of Gerbilline Rodents in Sand Dune Habitats of Israel." Journal of Biogeography 12, no. 4 (July 1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844867.
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Moseby, K. E., R. Brandle, and M. Adams. "Distribution, habitat and conservation status of the rare dusky hopping-mouse, Notomys fuscus (Rodentia : Muridae)." Wildlife Research 26, no. 4 (1999): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97061.
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The distribution, habitat and conservation status of Notomys fuscus were determined by collating past records of the species and conducting field investigations covering areas of historical distribution and similar habitats. Detailed population sampling was carried out in two geographically distinct locations where populations appeared to be extant. Evidence of N. fuscus was found throughout the Strzelecki Desert east and south of the Strzelecki Creek in South Australia and in an isolated group of dunes south-east of the Diamantina River in south-west Queensland. Populations were located in a variety of sand dune habitats (excepting those dominated by Triodia) throughout these areas, implying that the species is a habitat-generalist with a preference for a sandy substrate. Eight floristic groups were identified from the 66 sites sampled, three of which supported N. fuscus populations. These ranged from extremely degraded dune and sand plain systems in the southern Strzelecki Desert, supporting mostly ephemeral plants, to well-vegetated dunes covered by sandhill canegrass,Zygochloa paradoxa, in south-west Queensland. However, the results suggest that the presence of consolidated dunes and perennial vegetation are important for the maintenance of stable populations. Relatively dense populations of N. fuscus were recorded only in the vicinity of major drainage systems. It is hypothesised that the higher nutrient status of the soils surrounding such systems may be an important factor affecting the distribution of N. fuscus. The study reaffirmed the species’ decline since European settlement of Australia, and recommends that the present vulnerable status of the species (IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Rodent Specialist Group) be maintained.
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Arthington, AH, HB Burton, RW Williams, and PM Outridge. "Ecology of humic and non-humic dune lakes, Fraser Island, with emphasis on the effects of sand infilling in Lake Wabby." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 6 (1986): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860743.
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Aspects of physicochemical limnology and the zooplankton, littoral invertebrates and fish of dune lakes on Fraser Island are described and compared. The comparisons highlight differences between perched, humic lakes and the non-humic Lake Wabby, a water-table window with some morphometric and biological features typical of dune barrage lakes. Lake Wabby has been partially infilled by a mobile sand dune moving mainly in a north-westerly direction across the northern end of the lake. The maximum rate of dune advance estimated from aerial photos was 5.03 m year-1, between 1948 and 1958. Sand infilling between 1975 and 1984 altered the morphometry and substrate characteristics of the lake's eastern region and reduced maximum depth from 13.0 to 11.5 m and volume by 43%. The number of benthic invertebrates was reduced from 14 taxa in 1975 to six taxa in 1984; there was also a significant decrease in abundance of benthic Chironomini during this period (ANOVA, P < 0.05). In both years, an undescribed species of Conochironomus was the most abundant benthic invertebrate in Lake Wabby (250-700 individuals m-2). A new genus of Chironomini (near Paralauter borniella) was discovered. Lake Wabby supported 11 species of fish in 1975 and 1984, but the perched lakes had only one or two species. The five most abundant species in Lake Wabby in 1975 showed evidence of partitioning of food resources, of which the main components were benthic invertebrates and filamentous algae. Allochthonous food resources were not important in fish diets. The possible long-term effects of sand infilling on food resources, fish diets and the composition of the zooplankton in Lake Wabby are discussed.
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Hwang, Jeong-sook, Deok-gyun Choi, Sung-chul Choi, Han-san Park, Yong-mok Park, Jeong-jin Bae, and Yeon-sik Choo. "Relationship between the spatial distribution of coastal sand dune plants and edaphic factors in a coastal sand dune system in Korea." Journal of Ecology and Environment 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2016.003.
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Korolyuk, A. Yu, A. P. Laktionov, and R. A. Murtazaliev. "Plant communities of the Sarykum sand massif (Republic of Dagestan)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 46 (2023): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.3.
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Open sands are usual elements of subarid and arid landscapes in Eurasia. The unique psammophytic flora makes an important contribution to the regions’ biological diversity. From the syntaxonomical point of view, psammophytic vegetation of south-east European part of Russia still poorly explored. The Sarykum sand massif is a unique object, due to its location in piedmonts of the Caucasus at a considerable distance from vast sands of Terek-Kum and Caspian lowlands (Fig. 1, 2). Our study presents the results of the analysis of 66 relevés. The data set was stored and processed in IBIS 7.2 software. As a result of performing hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method, dendrogram was constructed reflecting the similarity of the relevés. Sokal/Sneath coefficient No. 1 which considers positive and negative species concurrences was used. Cluster analysis made it possible to reveal general differentiation patterns in psammophytic vegetation (Fig. 3). As a result, the relevés set was divided into two clusters differing in 28 species (Table 1). Cluster A represents poor of species and sparse communities on not fixed sands — in average 9 species per relevé and 18 % of the plants cover. Cluster B includes coenoses of fixed sands, with an average richness of 23 species and cover of 27 %. The studied communities belong to the class Festucetea vaginatae Soó ex Vicherek 1972, which represents the sandy steppes. It is distributed in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, as well as in the south of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan. The class includes the only order Festucetalia vaginatae Soó 1957. Psammophytic vegetation described from various regions of southern Russia belongs to the alliance Festucion beckeri Vicherek 1972, but none of its diagnostic species was noted in relevés. Comparison of our data with the associations described in the class on the territory of Russia and Ukraine allowed us to identify a group of species differentiating the psammophytic vegetation of the Sarykum massif: Artemisia tschernieviana, Astragalus brachylobus, Asperula diminuta, Centaurea arenaria, Syrenia siliculosa, Thesium maritimum, Tragopogon dasyrhynchus ssp. daghestanicus. These species can become the basis for the diagnosis of a new alliance. Its definition will be possible as a result of comparative analysis of psammophytic vegetation of the southeast of European Russia, primarily of the Caspian and Terek-Kum sands. Аss. Senecioni schischkiniani–Artemisietum tschernievianae ass. nov. (Table 2, relevés 1–18). Holotypus — relevé 1 in Table 2. (field no. 21-004), Republic of Dagestan, Kumtorkalinsky region, WSW from Korkmaskala village, Sarykum sands, leveled area in the upper part of the dune, 43.00751°N, 47.23290°E, 12.05.2021, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Artemisia tschernieviana, Senecio schischkinianus, Melilotus polonicus, Tragopogon dasyrhynchus ssp. daghestanicus. Communities are found in the central, most open part of the Sarykum massif. They occupy slopes, as well as plane areas characterized by active sands winding (Fig. 4). Artemisia tschernieviana usually dominates. Аss. Leymo racemosi–Artemisietum tschernievianae ass. nov. (Tabl. 2, relevés 19–26), Holotypus — relevé 19 in Table 2. (field no. 21-026), Republic of Dagestan, Kumtorkalinsky region, WSW from Korkmaskala village, Sarykum sand massif, gentle northern slope of the dune, 43.01028°N, 47.23391°E, 13.05.2021, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Artemisia tschernieviana (dom.), Leymus racemosus. The association represents pioneer cenoses that are widespread in the central elevated part of the massif. They are formed on slopes that are actively covered with sand (Fig. 5). The communities are sparse, with a cover of 10 to 25 % and the only dominant is Artemisia tschernieviana. Аss. Jurineo ciscaucasicae–Stipetum borysthenicae ass. nov. (Table 3, relevés 1–31). Holotypus — relevé 1 in Table 3. (field no. 21-030), Republic of Dagestan, Kumtorkalinsky region, WSW from Korkmaskala village, Sarykum sand massif, gentle slope of small hill in the northern foot of the dune, 43.0112°N, 47.2333°E, 13.05.2021, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Agropyron fragile, Artemisia tschernieviana, Cephalaria uralensis, Cerastium semidecandrum, Jurinea ciscaucasica, Medicago caerulea, Pleconax conica, Scorzonera biebersteinii, Stipa borysthenica, Syrenia siliculosa, Teucrium orientale, Thesium maritimum. The communities of the association represent the background type of vegetation of the more fixed sands of the Sarykum massif. They develop on plane areas, gentle slopes of hillocks and ridges, along the bottoms of old blowed hollows (Fig. 6, 7). More than other species Cephalaria uralensis dominates, less are Agropyron fragile, Artemisia tschernieviana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Scorzonera biebersteinii, Secale sylvestre, Stipa borysthenica, Teucrium orientale, Ziziphora serpyllacea. As part of the association, we distinguish three variants: var. typica (Table 3, op. 1–16) is widely distributed to the north and northeast of the Sarykum dune, var. artemisia marschalliana (Table 3, op. 17–24) represents the richest communities of sandy steppes, var. inops (Table 3, op. 25–31) was noted only in the southern part of the massif on the sections adjacent to the railway. Five communities were described at the studied area. Com. Leymus racemosus occupy small patches, usually they form narrow strips between open sand and sagebrush coenoses (Fig. 8). Com. Eremosparton aphyllum was described in the middle part of the massif on the ridge slope (Fig. 9). Com. Calligonum aphyllum was observed on the top of a small sandy hill (Fig. 10). Com. Salix caspica was found on the tops of sand hills and represents large willow clones 2–3 meters high. Com. Imperata cylindrica was registered in the southwestern part of the massif along the slopes and bottom of depression (Fig. 11). Differentiation of classes Festucetea vaginatae and Artemisietea lerchianae Golub 1994 is an interesting syntaxonomical problem. In the European Vegetation Checklist (Mucina et al., 2016), the class Artemisietea tschernievianae Golub 1994, representing psammophytic vegetation, is assigned to the second class as a synonym. We carried out a formalized analysis of Dagestan communities and syntaxa of three classes described in Astrakhan, Saratov, and Rostov Regions (Fig. 12). Cluster analysis divided the syntaxa into two groups corresponding to the classes Artemisietea lerchianae (A) and Festucetea vaginatae (B). Desert associations of the class Artemisietea lerchianae united together with ass. Artemisietum tschernievianae Golub 1994. This association is the holotype of the class Artemisietea tschernievianae, so the latter one should be recognized as synonym of the class Artemisietea lerchianae, representing deserts and desert steppes (Korolyuk, Laktionov, 2021). The ass. Koelerietum sabuletorum Golub 1994 joined together with other syntaxa of the class Festucetea vaginatae representing sandy steppes and vegetation of fixed sands. The vegetation of the Sarykum sand massif is represented by original plant communities and numerous plant species that are typical for Middle Asia. In addition, about 20 plant species listed in the regional and federal Red Books grow on the territory of «Sarykum dune» cluster of Dagestan reserve and its protected zone. Despite the protection regime, the dune ecosystems are under human impact, which negatively affects the dune ecosystems.
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Stešević, Danijela, Nada Bubanja, Danka Caković, Nejc Jogan, Milica Luković, and Urban Šilc. "Synecology of Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey, a rare psammophytic species along the Montenegrin Coast (East Adriatic Coast)." Hacquetia 16, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2017-0002.
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AbstractCutandia maritima is a circum-Mediterranean species that inhabits sandy dunes along the coast line. It is fairly frequent on the western Adriatic coast but fairly rare and possibly even non-native in the east. In Croatia, it was discovered in 1990 in Crnika Bay on the island of Rab, which was considered until 2005 to be the only site on the eastern Adriatic coast from the Gulf of Trieste in the north to Corfu in the south. In 2009, the species was briefly reported for Velika plaža (Long Beach) in Ulcinj (Montenegro) but without details about the habitat type and synecology. The aim of this paper is thus to provide a deeper insight into the ecology and synecology of C. maritima in the eastern Adriatic part of the distribution area. On Velika plaža in Ulcinj, the species was found along the whole sea-inland gradient of sand dunes, in various types of vegetation: [1210] - annual vegetation of drift lines, [2110] - embryonic shifting dunes, [2120] - shifting dunes with Ammophila arenaria (white dunes), [2220] - dunes with Euphorbia terracina, [2130*] - fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (grey dunes), and also [2190] - humid dune slacks.
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Lundberg, Anders. "Sand dune vegetation on Karmøy, SW Norway." Nordic Journal of Botany 7, no. 4 (September 1987): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1987.tb00967.x.
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Woch, Marcin W., Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Katarzyna Możdżeń, Irena M. Grześ, Elżbieta Rożej-Pabijan, and Anna M. Stefanowicz. "Effects of invasive Rosa rugosa on Baltic coastal dune communities depend on dune age." NeoBiota 82 (March 2, 2023): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.82.97275.
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Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Japanese Rose) is one of the most invasive species in Europe. It spreads spontaneously in coastal areas of western, central and northern Europe, posing a threat to dune habitats, including those indicated in the EU Habitats Directive as particularly valuable. R. rugosa has already been reported to displace native plants and alter soil properties. However, little is known about how these effects are mediated by the habitat context or the invader condition (health, ontogenetic stage). This study addressed that gap by examining vegetation and soil in 22 R. rugosa-invaded sites, half of which were in yellow dunes and the other half in grey dunes, i.e. two habitats representing the earlier and later stages of dune succession. The study was conducted on the Hel Peninsula (Poland’s Baltic coast). R. rugosa had a significant impact on dune vegetation, but the impact was strongly dependent on the habitat type. In the yellow dune sites, R. rugosa outcompeted most resident plant species, which translated into a strong decline in their total cover and richness. The invasion was almost not accompanied by changes in soil properties, suggesting that it affected the resident vegetation directly (through space takeover and shading). In the grey dunes, R. rugosa caused a shift in species composition, from that characteristic of open communities to that typical of forests. In this habitat, a significant increase in the soil organic layer thickness under R. rugosa was also observed, which means that both direct and indirect effects of the invasion on the vegetation should be assumed. Finally, a negative relationship was found between the total chlorophyll content in R. rugosa leaves and the parameters of resident plant communities, showing that the invasion effects can vary not only across habitats, but also with the condition of the invader. The results may have practical implications for managing R. rugosa invasions in coastal sand dune systems. Since R. rugosa accelerates grey dune succession, protecting this habitat may be more urgent and, at the same time, more complicated than protecting dunes at the earlier stages of development.
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Udo, Keiko. "Wind Turbulence Effects on Dune Sand Transport." Journal of Coastal Research 75, sp1 (March 3, 2016): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si75-067.1.
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Valentini, Emiliana, Andrea Taramelli, Sergio Cappucci, Federico Filipponi, and Alessandra Nguyen Xuan. "Exploring the Dunes: The Correlations between Vegetation Cover Pattern and Morphology for Sediment Retention Assessment Using Airborne Multisensor Acquisition." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 12, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081229.
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Coastal sand dunes are highly dynamic aeolian landforms where different spatial patterns can be observed due to the complex interactions and relationships between landforms and land cover. Sediment distribution related to vegetation types is explored here on a single ridge dune system by using an airborne hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing dataset. A correlation model is applied to describe the continuum of dune cover typologies, determine the class metrics from landscape ecology and the morphology parameters, and extract the relationship intensity among them. As a main result, the mixture of different vegetation types such as herbaceous, shrubs, and trees classes shows to be a key element for the sediment distribution pattern and a proxy for dune sediment retention capacity, and the anthropic fingerprints can play an even major role influencing both ecological and morphological features. The novelty of the approach is mostly based on the synergistic use of LiDAR with hyperspectral that allowed (i) the benefit from already existing processing methods to simplify the way to obtain thematic maps and coastal metrics and (ii) an improved detection of natural and anthropic landscape.
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Dümig, A., M. Veste, F. Hagedorn, T. Fischer, P. Lange, R. Spröte, and I. Kögel-Knabner. "Biological soil crusts on initial soils: organic carbon dynamics and chemistry under temperate climatic conditions." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 851–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-851-2013.
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Abstract. Numerous studies have been carried out on the community structure and diversity of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as well as their important functions on ecosystem processes. However, the amount of BSC-derived organic carbon (OC) input into soils and its chemical composition under natural conditions has rarely been investigated. In this study, different development stages of algae- and moss-dominated BSCs were investigated on a~natural (<17 yr old BSCs) and experimental sand dune (<4 yr old BSCs) in northeastern Germany. We determined the OC accumulation in BSC-layers and the BSC-derived OC input into the underlying substrates for bulk materials and fractions <63 μm. The chemical composition of OC was characterized by applying solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and analysis of the carbohydrate-C signature.14C contents were used to assess the origin and dynamic of OC in BSCs and underlying substrates. Our results indicated a rapid BSC establishment and development from algae- to moss-dominated BSCs within only 4 yr under this temperate climate. The distribution of BSC types was presumably controlled by the surface stability according to the position in the slope. We found no evidence that soil properties influenced the BSC distribution on both sand dunes. 14C contents clearly indicated the existence of two OC pools in BSCs and substrates, recent BSC-derived OC and lignite-derived "old" OC (biologically refractory). The input of recent BSC-derived OC strongly decreased the mean residence time of total OC. The downward translocation of OC into the underlying substrates was only found for moss-dominated BSCs at the natural sand dune which may accelerate soil formation at these spots. BSC-derived OC mainly comprised O-alkyl C (carbohydrate-C) and to a lesser extent also alkyl C and N-alkyl C in varying compositions. Accumulation of alkyl C was only detected in BSCs at the experimental dune which may induce a~lower water solubility of BSC-derived extracellular polymeric substances when compared to BSCs at the natural sand dune indicating that hydrological effects of BSCs on soils depend on the chemical composition of the extracellular polymeric substances.
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Barrows, Cameron W. "POPULATION DYNAMICS OF A THREATENED SAND DUNE LIZARD." Southwestern Naturalist 51, no. 4 (December 2006): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[514:pdoats]2.0.co;2.
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Wilson, J. S., O. J. Messinger, and T. Griswold. "Variation between bee communities on a sand dune complex in the Great Basin Desert, North America: Implications for sand dune conservation." Journal of Arid Environments 73, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.004.
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van der Hagen, Harrie G. J. M., Erik Lammers, Frank van der Meulen, Ricarda Pätsch, Nils M. van Rooijen, Karlè V. Sýkora, and Joop H. J. Schaminée. "The role of livestock grazing in long-term vegetation changes in coastal dunes: a case study from the Netherlands." Plant Sociology 60, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pls2023601/01.
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The vegetation of coastal sand dunes is characterized by high species diversity and comprises some of the rarest vegetation types in North-Western Europe. Among them are dune grassland communities whose species richness relies on grazing. Those communities are assessed as a priority habitat type under the Natura 2000 legislation. In autumn 1990, Galloway cows and Nordic Fjord horses were introduced in the coastal dunes of Meijendel near The Hague (52°7'N, 4°20'E), The Netherlands, to reduce encroachment of tall grasses and shrubs, to develop bare sand patches, and as such facilitating diverse vegetation structures in the dune grasslands. In the 1950s, decades before the introduction of livestock, 41 permanent plots were installed. On average, they were examined every four years. Our study hypothesised that the livestock grazing in the set densities would halt progressive succession and facilitate regressive succession. Up to 1990, we observed an equilibrium between progressive and regressive succession. After 1990, however, our data showed a pronounced progressive succession contradicting the hypothesized effect of the livestock grazing. We relate the main observed patterns with two factors linked to rabbit populations: (i) the myxomatosis outbreak in 1954 and (ii) the rabbit Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (rVHD-1) outbreak in 1989. In addition to livestock grazing, rabbits block progressive succession by feeding on seedlings of shrub and tree species and digging burrows, creating small-scale mosaics of bare sand and initiate blowout development when collapsing. We state that the substantial decrease in rabbit numbers due to the viral diseases likely caused the observed increase of shrubs and trees in the study area's permanent plots. Climate change might have contributed to the observed increase in autonomous blowout development since 2001, as well as a decrease in atmospheric nitrogen deposition since 1990, after a strong increase the decades before.
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Ramsey, DSL, and RM Engeman. "Patterns of grazing on coastal dune systems by insular populations of two species of macropod." Wildlife Research 21, no. 1 (1994): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940107.
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A study of grazing patterns on a coastal dune system on South Stradbroke Island, Queensland, by two species of wallaby was undertaken. Utilisation of sand spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) by agile wallabies (Macropus agilis) and swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) was highly variable between different sites on the dune system. Although wallaby activity on secondary dune strata was significantly higher than on the primary dune, this was not reflected statistically in spinifex grazing levels. However, spinifex stolons on the toe of the primary dune were heavily grazed. Grazing levels on dune systems on the island were negatively associated with the width of the frontal dune and the relative area of open forest vegetation adjacent to the dune system.
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Van De Walle, Ruben, François Massol, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, and Dries Bonte. "The distribution and impact of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) on a dune building engineer (Calamagrostis arenaria)." NeoBiota 72 (March 4, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.72.78511.
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Disturbance is thought to enhance the probability of invasive species establishment, a prerequisite for naturalisation. Coastal dunes are characterised by disturbance in the form of sand dynamics. We studied the effect of this disturbance on the establishment and spread of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) in European coastal dunes. Local sand dynamics dictate the spatial configuration of marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria). Therefore, marram grass configuration was used as a reliable proxy for disturbance. Since marram grass plays a crucial role in natural dune formation, we evaluated the possible effects S. inaequidens could have on this process, if it is able to naturalise in European coastal dunes. We expected the highest probability of S. inaequidens establishment at intermediate marram grass cover because too low cover would increase sand burial, whereas high cover would increase competition. However, our results indicate that S. inaequidens is quite capable of handling higher levels of sand burial. Thus, the probability of S. inaequidens establishment was high under low marram cover but slightly lowered when marram cover was high, hinting at the importance of competition. We expected a negative impact of Senecio-altered soils on marram grass growth mediated by soil biota. However, marram grass grew better in sand gathered underneath Senecio plants due to abiotic soil modifications. This enhanced growth may be caused by Senecio leaf litter elevating nutrient concentrations in an otherwise nutrient-poor substrate. If such increased plant growth is a general phenomenon, further expansion of S. inaequidens could accelerate natural succession in European coastal dunes.
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Guy, Amanda L., Jenalee M. Mischkolz, and Eric G. Lamb. "Limited effects of simulated acidic deposition on seedling survivorship and root morphology of endemic plant taxa of the Athabasca Sand Dunes in well-watered greenhouse trials." Botany 91, no. 3 (March 2013): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0162.
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The Athabasca Sand Dunes of northern Saskatchewan support 10 endemic vascular plant taxa listed under the Species at Risk Act (SARA). The Athabasca Sand Dunes are subject to acidic deposition; the potential impacts of which are a significant knowledge gap to a comprehensive reassessment of the conservation status of these taxa. We used a greenhouse experiment to assess the potential effects of acidic deposition on the root system morphology of the following three endemic species: Armeria maritima (P. Mill) Willd. ssp. interior (Raup) Porsild, Deschampsia mackenzieana Raup, and Stellaria arenicola Raup. We found limited effects of three pH treatments on root diameter, root length, surface area, and branching. Although acidic deposition is likely not a short-term threat, current and future deposition still may be a significant long-term threat. The Athabasca Sand Dune soils are considered highly sensitive, and acidification and nutrient leaching can take several decades to manifest. This should be considered when assessing the conservation status of these endemic taxa, particularly A. maritima, as this species may be more sensitive than the other species to acidic deposition owing to a small population size and limited habitat breadth.
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Wilson, BA, NM White, A. Hanley, and DL Tidey. "Population fluctuations of the New Holland mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae at Wilson?s Promontory National Park, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05049.
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The New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) was first recorded at Wilson?s Promontory in 1972 in heathland vegetation, but has not been located in this habitat subsequently. The species was not trapped again until 1993 when it was found in calcarenite dune woodland on the Yanakie Isthmus. The aims of this study were to assess the population dynamics and habitat use of the species in this dune habitat. Mark-recapture trapping was conducted at three sites from 1999 to 2002. One site was located on low (0 - 5 m), flat sand dunes and open swales, another on medium (5 ? 10 m) vegetated dunes, and the third on high (20 m) steep vegetated dunes. The three sites had not been burnt for 30 to 50 years. The abundance of P. novaehollandiae was related to understorey vegetation density and differences in population densities on the sites are likely to be related to the primary succession stages on the sand dunes, rather than fire history. The maximum density (24 ha-1) recorded at one site was very high compared to other Victorian populations, however this was followed by a substantial decline in numbers within the year. At another site a small population declined to extinction. Populations on the isthmus are thus capable of achieving high densities but may decline quickly. Rainfall patterns may have affected the population fluctuations, but further research is required to elucidate fully the factors involved in the long-term dynamics of this species.
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Robertson, J. S., G. P. Radley, and T. C. D. Dargie. "Sand Dune Vegetation Survey of Great Britain: Part 1, England." Journal of Applied Ecology 33, no. 5 (October 1996): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404703.
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Castillo, Silvia, Jean Popma, and Patricia Moreno-Casasola. "Coastal sand dune vegetation of Tabasco and Campeche, Mexico." Journal of Vegetation Science 2, no. 1 (February 1991): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235899.
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Watkinson, A. R., and A. J. Davy. "Population biology of salt marsh and sand dune annuals." Vegetatio 62, no. 1-3 (June 1985): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00044776.
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STUBBS, WENDY J., and J. BASTOW WILSON. "Evidence for limiting similarity in a sand dune community." Journal of Ecology 92, no. 4 (July 23, 2004): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00898.x.
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