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1

Villard, P. V., and M. Church. "Dunes and associated sand transport in a tidally influenced sand-bed channel: Fraser River, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 1 (2003): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-102.

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Dunes form annually on the sand bed of the tidally influenced South Arm of Fraser River, British Columbia. Bathymetric surveys along the center of the main channel throughout a snow-melt freshet provided measurements of dune geometry and migration. Dune length, height, and steepness all increase with river discharge. However, lag between the highest flow conditions and development of the largest, steepest dunes reflects the influence of antecedent flow conditions on dune geometry. Population averages of dune height and steepness ratio change more rapidly than dune length, whilst coefficients o
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2

Kostaschuk, R. A., J. L. Luternauer, J. V. Barrie, P. H. Leblond, and L. Werth Von Deichmann. "Sediment transport by tidal currents and implications for slope stability: Fraser River delta, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 7 (1995): 852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-071.

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Tidal currents on the sandy, southern slope of Fraser River delta have generated dunes with heights of 0.5–3.5 m and lengths of 11–108 m. Dune geometry and migration measurements indicate net sediment transport to the northwest in the direction of flood tidal currents. Two current meters moored in the dune field showed greater frequencies of occurrence and higher mean current speeds in the flood direction compared with the ebb. Predictions from two bed-material load models indicate sediment transport is overwhelmingly dominated by flood currents. There is no obvious source of sand to replace s
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3

Clague, John J., J. L. Luternauer, S. E. Pullan, and J. A. Hunter. "Postglacial deltaic sediments, southern Fraser River delta, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 9 (1991): 1386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-122.

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The Fraser River delta, the largest delta on the west coast of Canada, has been built into the Strait of Georgia during the Holocene. Drill-hole and seismic reflection records reveal a succession of sedimentary units deposited during early Holocene progradation of the delta. These overlie an irregular surface developed on Pleistocene drift. Mud and silt, similar to sediments presently accumulating off the mouth of Fraser River in the southern Strait of Georgia, are conformably overlain by a thick unit of sandy foreset beds, dipping gently to the south-southwest into Boundary Bay and deposited
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4

Carle, Liliane, and Philip R. Hill. "Subaqueous Dunes of the Upper Slope of the Fraser River Delta (British Columbia, Canada)." Journal of Coastal Research 252 (March 2009): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06-0796.1.

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5

McKenna, G. T., J. L. Luternauer, and R. A. Kostaschuk. "Large-scale mass-wasting events on the Fraser River delta front near Sand Heads, British Columbia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 1 (1992): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-016.

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Although the Fraser River delta front supports coastal structures including ports, a lighthouse, jetties, submarine power cables, and sewage pipelines, the stability of the delta front is little understood. Five large-scale mass-wasting events at the mouth of the Main Channel near Sand Heads have been detected by comparing successive bathymetric surveys conducted by Public Works Canada between 1970 and 1986. These events can involve the downslope movement of more than 1 × 106 m3 of silty sand and the landward retrogression of the delta-front crest of up to 350 m or more. Morphologic and sedime
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6

Plouffe, A., and H. Jetté. "Middle Wisconsinan sediments and paleoecology of central British Columbia: sites at Necoslie and Nautley rivers." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 2 (1997): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-016.

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At two sites in central British Columbia, sediments with dispersed organic matter, underneath Fraser Glaciation deposits, are interpreted as nonglacial deposits of Middle Wisconsinan age (Olympia Nonglacial Interval). At Necoslie River, undated sand with dispersed organic matter, thought to be fluvial in origin, is overlain by Fraser drift. At Nautley River, similar sand contains plant detritus that has yielded 14C ages of 38 230 ± 410 BP (Beta-88557) and 42460 ± 670 BP (Beta-88558). Pollen assemblages of the sediments with dispersed organic matter at the Necoslie River and Nautley River sites
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7

Monahan, P. A., J. L. Luternauer, and J. V. Barrie. "A delta plain sheet sand in the Fraser River delta, British Columbia, Canada." Quaternary International 20 (January 1993): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(93)90034-d.

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8

Venditti, Jeremy G., and Michael Church. "Morphology and controls on the position of a gravel-sand transition: Fraser River, British Columbia." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 119, no. 9 (2014): 1959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jf003147.

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9

Clague, John J., Ernest Naesgaard, and Alex Sy. "Liquefaction features on the Fraser delta: evidence for prehistoric earthquakes?" Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 8 (1992): 1734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-136.

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Sand dykes and sills and vented sand boils on the Fraser River delta and adjacent Serpentine River floodplain in southwestern British Columbia record one or more major liquefaction events. The source of the dykes is a shallow subsurface saturated sand unit that was deposited in foreslope and distributary-channel environments during Holocene progradation of the Fraser delta. The dykes cut steeply through a crust of delta topset muds and locally flatten out as sills in overlying peaty sediments. At two sites, evidence was found for venting of sand onto a subaerial or intertidal surface. Liquefac
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10

Kostaschuk, R. A., M. A. Church, and J. L. Luternauer. "Bedforms, bed material, and bedload transport in a salt-wedge estuary: Fraser River, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 7 (1989): 1440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-122.

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The lower main channel of the Fraser River, British Columbia, is a sand-bed, salt-wedge estuary in which variations in velocity, discharge, and bedform characteristics are contolled by river discharge and the tides. Bed-material composition remains consistent over the discharge season and in the long term. Changes in bedform height and length follow but lag behind seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Migration rates of bedforms respond more directly to river discharge and tidal fall than do height and length. Bedform characteristics were utilized to estimate bedload transport in the estua
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11

Hutchinson, Ian, Michael C. Roberts, and Harry F. L. Williams. "Stratigraphy, diatom biofacies, and palaeogeomorphology of a mid Holocene distributary channel system, Fraser River delta, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 6 (1995): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-064.

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A buried distributary channel system that delivered sediment to the currently inactive southern front of the Fraser River delta during the mid Holocene is described from 32 vibracores and 403 core logs. Sedimentary properties in core and cone logs as well as fossil diatom assemblages were used to distinguish channel fill from associated deltaic facies (overbank deposits, tidal flats, and peat bogs). Active-channel fill fines upwards from a coarse base into medium-fine sand capped by thin silt beds. It contains a sparse diatom assemblage dominated by heavily silicified freshwater planktonics. T
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12

Lian, Olav B., and Stephen R. Hicock. "Lithostratigraphy and limiting optical ages of the Pleistocene fill in Fraser River valley near Clinton, south-central British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 5 (2001): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-103.

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The Fraser River valley near Clinton contains a thick sediment fill that is presently incised down to bedrock. The sequence, approximately 500 m thick, is generally upward fining and consists of up to 100 m of glacigenic debris flow diamicton and glaciofluvial–deltaic gravel and sand at the base, overlain by about 350 m of glaciolacustrine sediments and minor diamicton, which is in turn capped by several metres of till. The sequence is interpreted to represent (i) valley aggradation in response to glaciation, followed by (ii) the impoundment of the valley by sediment and (or) ice, and the form
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13

Morse, B., R. D. Townsend, and M. Sydor. "Mathematical modelling of riverbed dynamics – a Canadian case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 5 (1991): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-094.

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A new mobile-bed mathematical model for simulating sediment transport in river networks under unsteady flow conditions is presented. The new model, ONE-D-SED, is an extended version of the extensively validated fixed-bed, one-dimensional hydrodynamic model ONE-D. This paper reports the results of an application of ONE-D-SED to simulate bed profile development along a 43-km-long tidal channel network of the Lower Fraser River in British Columbia. The sand-bed study reach has been undergoing degradation caused by navigational dredging and river training works in lower channel reaches and by borr
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14

Eyles, Nicholas, and John J. Clague. "Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation During Advance and Retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Central British Colombia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (2007): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032878ar.

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ABSTRACT Thick (400+ m) and well exposed sediment fills in the Fraser and Chilcotin river valleys of central British Columbia record contrasting glaciolacustrine environments of at least two glaciations. The oldest glaciolacustrine sequence comprises deformed gravel, sand, mud, and diamict fades deposited, in part, on stagnant ice trapped in deep narrow valleys at the end of the penultimate glaciation (Early Wisconsinan or older). Younger glaciolacustrine sequences date from the advance and retreat phases of the Late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation {ca. 25-10 ka) and infill a Middle Wisconsinan
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15

Campanella, R. G., R. Hitchman, and W. E. Hodge. "New equipment for densification of granular soils at depth." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 2 (1990): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-020.

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An in situ densification probe that employs the novel technique of simultaneous vibration and dewatering has been developed by Phoenix Engineering Ltd. to compact deep, loose, granular soils. It is believed that pumping water out of the soil during the densification process offers improved densification capability over systems operating with vibration alone. An independent study was undertaken by the In-Situ Testing Group at the University of British Columbia to evaluate the performance of the Phoenix system.A field testing programme was conducted at a site in Vancouver where hydraulic sand fi
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16

Huntley, David H., Adrian S. Hickin, and Olav B. Lian. "The pattern and style of deglaciation at the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheet limits in northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 1 (2017): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0066.

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This paper reports on the landform assemblages at the northern confluence of the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets with montane and piedmont glaciers in the northern Rockies and southern Mackenzie Mountains. Recent observations in northeastern British Columbia refine our knowledge of the pattern and style of ice sheet retreat, glacial lake formation, and meltwater drainage. At the onset of deglaciation, confluent Laurentide and Cordilleran terminal ice margins lay between 59°N, 124°30′W and 60°N, 125°15′W. From this terminal limit, ice sheets retreated into north-central B
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17

Rempel, Laura L., and Michael Church. "Physical and ecological response to disturbance by gravel mining in a large alluvial river." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 1 (2009): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-184.

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The role of sediment transport during high flows for restoring fish habitat was demonstrated following an experimental gravel removal from Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Dry bar scalping 69 000 m3 of river sediment left a topographically simple removal area with a loose surface of gravel and sand. Two subsequent, below-average floods yielded no gravel replenishment but restored substrate grain size and some topographical complexity at the habitat scale. A third, above-average flood replenished 31% of the removal volume. High-elevation bar area, which provides fish habitat at high flow
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18

Chmielewski, J. G., and J. C. Semple. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 1017–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-179.

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Symphyotrichum ericoides, the heath aster, is a herbaceous perennial, arising from woody, corm-like rootstocks or herbaceous rhizomes. This facultative upland species occurs in open, dry ground in plains, railway sidings, prairies, ranges, glades, grassy hillsides, dunes, sand bars, river banks, shore salt flats, and thickets. A weed in Canada, and sometimes declared so in the United States and other times not, S. ericoides has an extensive North American distribution, occurring from Nova Scotia and Maine in the east, westward to southern British Columbia, and southward to northern Mexico. No
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19

"Large-scale mass-wasting events on the Fraser River delta front near Sand Heads, British Columbia. Note." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 29, no. 6 (1992): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(92)91957-7.

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