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Journal articles on the topic 'Sandwich caregiving'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Fenstermacher, Erika, Montgomery Owsiany, and Barry Edelstein. "INFORMAL CAREGIVING BURNOUT AMONG THE SANDWICH GENERATION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3115.

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Abstract Twenty-nine percent of U.S. adults care for children. Of those adults, 12% are multigenerational caregivers who also provide unpaid care for one or more adults. Many multigenerational caregivers are considered members of the “sandwich generation,” which is a term for multigenerational caregivers who provide care, financial support, and emotional support for both their children and parents. Approximately 71% of this generation is between the ages of 40 and 59, and approximately 10% are 60 or older. The sandwich generation is largely understudied and presents challenges including inform

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2

Miyawaki, Christina, and Erin Bouldin. "PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG SANDWICH AND NONSANDWICH CAREGIVERS BY RACE/ETHNICITY." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0417.

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Abstract Sandwich caregivers are middle-aged adults who care for both a child and an older adult. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Caregiver Module in 50 jurisdictions from 2016-2021, we compared the prevalence of sandwich caregivers and their physical and mental health across racial/ethnic groups. We included 23,853 caregivers aged 45-64 years. Sandwich caregivers (N=2,486) were those who lived with a child (≤18 years) and provided care/assistance to a parent/grandparent with a long-term illness/disability during the past 30 days. The prevalence of sandwich careg

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Lohmar, Sabine, Erika Fenstermacher, Montgomery Owsiany, Catherine Ju, and Barry Edelstein. "SANDWICH GENERATION CAREGIVING: NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AND BURNOUT." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 974. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.3138.

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Abstract The sandwich generation provides caregiving for both their children and their aging parents. These caregivers often experience low satisfaction, depression, and burnout, yet little is known about their contributing factors. For example, researchers have not investigated the role of relationship quality among sandwich generation caregivers, who face unique challenges. This study is the first to investigate relationship quality as a moderator between informal caregiver burnout and depression. Regression analyses included measures of positive and negative relationship quality and informa

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Kartseva, Marina A., and Anatoly A. Peresetsky. "Sandwiched women: Health behavior, health, and life satisfaction." Russian Journal of Economics 9, no. (3) (2023): 306–28. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.9.106825.

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This paper studies the impact of sandwich generation caregiving on the health behavior, self-assessed health and life satisfaction of Russian women. It presents evidence that sandwich generation caregiving reduces the likelihood of medical examinations, and regular meals. Alcohol consumption and likelihood of smoking are reduced. The likelihood of obesity increases, the proportion of chronic diseases decreases, and self-assessed health improves. The proportion of depression decreases. These effects may be the result of an inattentive attitude to one's health and a consciousness of the social

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Hemalatha, Sruthi Anilkumar, T. V. Sekher, and Nawaj Sarif. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVING PRACTICES AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SANDWICH GENERATION COUPLES IN MUMBAI." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.347.

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Abstract Over the next few decades, the most important demographic trend for the Asia Pacific region will be population aging. The increasing aging population in India and the fact that the economic dependence of the older adults is high and the cost of education and child care is on the rise pose serious challenges to generations of individuals and couples who are expected to take care of both their children and their parents. This study's primary objective is to comprehensively understand the effects of giving care to their children and their parents on various aspects of the life of sandwic

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6

Anil Kumar, A. H. Sruthi. "Navigating the caregiver’s strain: psychosocial well-being among sandwich generation caregivers in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 2 (2024): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240275.

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Background: Sandwich generation caregivers, while providing simultaneous care to two generations, face unique challenges and responsibilities. This research tried to understand the intricate aspects of this caregiving paradigm, with an emphasis on the difficulties faced by the sandwich generation in India and its impact on their psychosocial well-being. Methods: The study used the Montgomery Borgatta caregiver burden scale to measure the burden experienced by the caregivers. Furthermore, both bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to understand the effects of background factors on the b

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7

Khusaini, Moh, Firdaus Finuliyah, Alfi Muflikhah Lestari, and Alma Sofi Yuwan. "Career or Caregiving: The Dilemma Faced by Women in the Sandwich Generation." Society 12, no. 2 (2024): 428–41. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v12i2.683.

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This study analyses the factors of working women in a sandwich generation to decide to work in the non-agricultural sector in East Java Province, Indonesia. The sandwich generation is identical to economic dependents on two families simultaneously: biological children and parents. As a sandwich generation, encouraging women to work develops their careers and for the welfare of their families. The sandwich generation phenomenon has occurred in several countries, including in every region in Indonesia. Many factors, especially structural poverty and economic conditions, can cause sandwich genera

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8

Kartseva, Marina A., and Anatoly A. Peresetsky. "Sandwiched women: Health behavior, health, and life satisfaction." Russian Journal of Economics 9, no. 3 (2023): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.9.106825.

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This paper studies the impact of sandwich generation caregiving on the health behavior, self-assessed health and life satisfaction of Russian women. It presents evidence that sandwich generation caregiving reduces the likelihood of medical examinations, and regular meals. Alcohol consumption and likelihood of smoking are reduced. The likelihood of obesity increases, the proportion of chronic diseases decreases, and self-assessed health improves. The proportion of depression decreases. These effects may be the result of an inattentive attitude to one’s health and a consciousness of the social

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9

Liu, Jingwen, and Feinian Chen. "Intergenerational Caregiving Patterns, BMI, and Gender Gaps Among the Sandwich Generation in China." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1648.

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Abstract Existing literatures yield established evidence about the heightened stress brought by multiple roles and potential role overload across work-family context, but little is known about the BMI levels of the “sandwich” caregivers within families and the associated gender inequalities. Indeed, the Chinese pivotal generations are exposed to unshared stress and higher health risks considering that intergenerational support still predominates the caregiving patterns for the oldest old and dependent children under current socioeconomic backgrounds. Using 2011 and 2013 waves of China Health a

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10

Steiner, Allison M., and Paula C. Fletcher. "Sandwich Generation Caregiving: A Complex and Dynamic Role." Journal of Adult Development 24, no. 2 (2017): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10804-016-9252-7.

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11

Miyawaki, Christina, Erin Bouldin, Eva Jeffers, and Lisa McGuire. "Sandwich Generation Caregiving Among Baby Boomer and Generation X Caregivers in the United States." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.353.

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Abstract Sandwich generation caregivers are generally those who care for both a child and an older adult. Baby Boomer and Generation X belong to this age cohort. Using data from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Caregiver Module, we compared the prevalence and characteristics of sandwich caregivers across these two generations. Data represent adults from 44 jurisdictions. We categorized caregivers into generations using their age at the time of the survey (N=34,777). Sandwich caregivers were classified as those who lived with a child (≤18 years) and provided care/assista

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12

Ju, Catherine, Sabine Lohmar, Erika Fenstermacher, Montgomery Owsiany, and Barry Edelstein. "PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF BURNOUT IN SANDWICH GENERATION CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 770. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2502.

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Abstract Informal caregiving increases the risk for burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, detachedness in caregiving relationships, reduced sense of accomplishment through helping). Sandwich generation caregivers, individuals who provide care for their children and older parents, face unique challenges and experience greater burnout than individuals caring for children alone. However, little research has examined what factors are associated with outcomes such as burnout in sandwich generation caregivers. Furthermore, studies on sandwich generation caregivers rarely utilize a resiliency-based ap

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13

Kim, Hansol, Richard Schulz, Scott Beach, and Heidi Donovan. "Examining Mental and Physical Health Status Among Sandwich Generation Caregivers." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1740.

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Abstract With a sample of 54,076 caregivers, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS, 2015-2017) provides an opportunity to assess the impact of caregiving on U.S. adults varying in age, gender, and race. We focused on sandwich generation (SG) caregivers, aged 30-59, with childcare and eldercare responsibilities (n=8,805). In multivariate regression models of mental and physical health, we evaluated the association of age, gender, race and caregiving factors controlling for marital status, education, housing status, income, employment status, and self-rated health status. SG care

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14

Mauri, Mahesa. "The Analysis of Women’s Decision to Work on Sandwich Generation in Indonesia." Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies 4, no. 1 (2025): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.21776/jdess.2025.04.1.04.

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The Sandwich Generation refers to individuals of working age who are simultaneously responsible for raising their own children and caring for their aging parents, a dual responsibility that presents numerous challenges. This burden is particularly significant for women in Indonesia, where cultural expectations often require them to prioritize family caregiving over professional careers. Many Sandwich Generation women face difficult choices between raising their children, maintaining employment, and providing financial support for both their children and elderly parents. Using data from the 201

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15

Bai, Xue, and Shuai Zhou. "IMPACTS OF INTERGENERATIONAL CARE ON FUTURE CARE EXPECTATIONS: A SURVEY-EXPERIMENT STUDY OF AGING SANDWICH CARERS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1357–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.4330.

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Abstract Abstract background An increasing number of people in their 50s and 60s are sandwiched between surviving parents and children. Numerous ageing adults often provide support for older and/or younger generations while also facing their own challenges and stereotypes associated with the transition to old age. Objectives This study examined the effects of multi-dimensional, multi-directional care provision on future care expectation among sandwich carers. Design and methods We implemented three factorial survey experiments within a large-scale representative survey of 1,500 sandwiched care

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16

Rayanpour, Razieh, Majid Movahed Majd, Mohammad Taghi Iman, and Darius Zifonun. "Exploring the Iranian Female Sandwich Generation’s Experiences of Multigenerational Caregiving Under the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study Using Situational Analysis." International Journal of Epidemiologic Research 9, no. 1 (2022): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2022.04.

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Background and aims: Although female family caregivers, especially those who belong to the sandwich generation, are at the forefront of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) battle, little is known about their experiences. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the female sandwich generation’s experiences of multigenerational caregiving under the COVID-19 pandemic in Shiraz located in the southwest of Iran. Methods: Situational analysis (SA) was used as a methodological approach. It is a constructivist grounded theory (GT) developed by Adele Clark as one of the innovative extensions

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17

Kim, Yesol, and Hyun Joung Jin. "Value of lost leisure among sandwich generation women performing caregiving duties for older parents." Women's Studies International Forum 106 (September 2024): 102974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102974.

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18

Reed, Nia, Erin Bouldin, Christopher Taylor, and Lisa McGuire. "Millennials as Caregivers: Results From the BRFSS, 44 States, DC, and Puerto Rico, 2015-2018." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1131.

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Abstract Millennials (born 1981-1996), now outnumber Baby Boomers. Millennials have the unique task of potentially providing care for their own children, their aging parents, and grandparents, making them the first “club sandwich” generation. We utilized data from 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of informal caregiving among Millennials (based on age at the time of survey completion: 18-34 in 2015, 19-35 in 2016, 20-36 in 2017, and 21-37 in 2018). We conducted log-binomial regression an

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19

SHI, Jiaming. "Associations and their potential mechanisms between intergenerational caregiving and health outcomes among sandwich generation within four-generation families." Advances in Psychological Science 33, no. 8 (2025): 1275. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2025.1275.

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20

Archer, Jesse, Wendy Reiboldt, Maria Claver, and John Fay. "Caregiving in Quarantine: Evaluating the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Adult Child Informal Caregivers of a Parent." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 7 (January 2021): 233372142199015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721421990150.

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Informal caregivers form a shadow workforce projected to become even more essential as the U.S. population ages. Most are untrained in the role and manage caregiving with competing life demands that compound burden and threaten the welfare of the older adults in their care. The 12-item Zarit Burden Interview measure was employed to investigate differences in subjective burden before and during the Covid-19 pandemic among adult children who are primary informal caregivers of a parent. Additionally, this study explored family composition to determine if the presence of siblings or dependent chil

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21

Fan, Wen, and Phyllis Moen. "Working More, Less or the Same During COVID-19? A Mixed Method, Intersectional Analysis of Remote Workers." Work and Occupations 49, no. 2 (2021): 143–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07308884211047208.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed where paid work is done. Workers able to do so have been required to work remotely. We draw on survey data collected in October 2020 from a nationally representative sample of 3,017 remote workers, as well as qualitative survey data collected from 231 remote workers, to examine perceived changes in work hours from before to during the pandemic. Results indicate women are at greater risk of change (either a major decrease or a major increase)—rather than stability—in work hours. Gender also intersects with caregiving, race/ethnicity, prior remote work exper

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DePasquale, Nicole, Courtney A. Polenick, Kelly D. Davis, Phyllis Moen, Leslie B. Hammer, and David M. Almeida. "The Psychosocial Implications of Managing Work and Family Caregiving Roles: Gender Differences Among Information Technology Professionals." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 11 (2015): 1495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15584680.

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An increasing number of adults, both men and women, are simultaneously managing work and family caregiving roles. Guided by the stress process model, we investigate whether 823 employees occupying diverse family caregiving roles (child caregiving only, elder caregiving only, and both child caregiving and elder caregiving, or “sandwiched” caregiving) and their noncaregiving counterparts in the information technology division of a white-collar organization differ on several indicators of psychosocial stress along with gender differences in stress exposure. Compared with noncaregivers, child care

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23

Hodgdon, Barbara, and Jen D. Wong. "THE INFLUENCE OF RECESSION HARDSHIPS ON THE PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING OF SANDWICHED AND FILIAL CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2282.

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Abstract The 2007-2009 U.S. Great Recession impacted the lives of many families, and it has been documented that multigenerational households in the U.S. increased by 10% during this period. Given the vulnerability of providing care to multiple generations, there is a need to examine the influence of recession hardships on sandwiched caregiving and psychosocial well-being in the context of more normative caregiving (e.g., filial caregiving). Informed by the life course perspective, this study assessed the impacts of types of family caregiving (sandwiched and filial caregivers) on psychosocial

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Rubin, Rose M., and Shelley I. White-Means. "Informal Caregiving: Dilemmas of Sandwiched Caregivers." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 30, no. 3 (2009): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9155-x.

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Halinski, Michael, Linda Duxbury, and Chris Higgins. "Working While Caring for Mom, Dad, and Junior Too: Exploring the Impact of Employees’ Caregiving Situation on Demands, Control, and Perceived Stress." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 12 (2018): 3248–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18777839.

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Although demographic evidence suggests that, in the developed world, the number of employees who provide both childcare and eldercare is substantial, we know very little about how these “sandwiched” employees differ from those who provide only one form of caregiving (i.e., childcare, eldercare). In this article, we use partial least squares structural equation modeling to examine dual-income employees in households with three different caregiving situations: employees with only childcare ( n = 4,129), only eldercare ( n = 599), and both childcare and eldercare ( n = 767). Findings show that de

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Duan, Haoshu. "CHANGING FAMILY DESTINIES, DIVERGENT FAMILY CAREGIVING PATTERNS: DO BIRTH COHORTS, GENDER, RACE, AND SES MATTER?" Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2556.

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Abstract Over the past few decades, Americans have experienced a series of demographic transitions include prolonged longevity and rise in the complexities of family structures. The Baby Boomer cohort is at the forefront of these transitions, which has profound implications on their later-life family relations and practices of family caregiving. Most caregiving literature has focused on static care experiences over a short time, while neglecting long-term care experiences. Using 10 waves of longitudinal data from HRS (2000-2018) and latent profile analysis, I identified five prominent long-ter

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Ding, Regina, and Linda Duxbury. "But at What Cost? Healthcare Utilization of Canadian Carer-Employees." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 12 (2024): 1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121686.

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Caregiving plays a crucial role in aging societies by supporting individuals with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or aging-related needs. The unpaid labour provided by caregivers diverts healthcare resources from the formal healthcare system; however, this incurs costs to the caregivers themselves in terms of declines in personal wellbeing. This study explores the relationship between caregiving and healthcare spending for two groups of caregivers: eldercare only and sandwiched. We found that physician visits were the most common resource used by caregivers, at a mean of 3.69 (SD = 4.01) visi

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Patterson, Sarah E. "Feeling the Squeeze." Contexts 21, no. 4 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15365042221131075.

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People often provide caregiving to other family members across the life course. “Sandwiched” caregiving, or caring for a child and aging parent at the same time, is a common form of combining care duties. However, adults share more years of life with many different family members due to population level demographic shifts in life expectancy and family formation. This shift means that multigenerational care, or providing for two or more different generations of family members simultaneously, may better reflect the reality of caregiving for contemporary cohorts of adults. Although there is stron

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Hodgdon, Barbara, and Jen Wong. "FAMILY CAREGIVERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND PHYSICAL HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2549.

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Abstract As working family caregivers navigate work and care responsibilities, the work environment may contribute to their psychological well-being and physical health outcomes. Working caregivers who provide multi-generational care (e.g., sandwiched caregivers) experience greater vulnerability when compared to non-sandwiched caregivers (e.g., filial caregivers). This vulnerability could be mitigated by supportive work characteristics (e.g., greater decision authority and supervisor support). Informed by the life course perspective, this study compared the psychological well-being and physica

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Zhao, Xinyi, and Vivian Weiqun Lou. "PATTERNS OF MULTIPLE CAREGIVING AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 561. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1833.

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Abstract Objectives With extended life expectancy, middle-aged and older adults have become more involved in multiple caregiving. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of multiple caregiving, and whether these patterns predicted follow-up depressive symptoms. Methods Data were obtained from the 2011–2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 11,422 participants aged 50 and older in 2011 were included in the latent class analysis to identify the patterns of multiple caregiving. A regression model was used to analyze the association between baseline careg

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Hodgdon, Barbara, Jen D. Wong, and Patricia S. Pittman. "A Scoping Review of the Examination of Sandwiched Caregivers’ Psychological Well-being and Physical Health." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2974.

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Abstract As numbers of sandwiched caregivers in the United States grow, it is essential to document the literature on the impact of dual care responsibilities on aspects of psychological well-being and physical health. This scoping review examined the literature on sandwiched caregivers’ psychological well-being and physical health, identified gaps in the literature, and provided suggestions for future studies to advance the literature on sandwiched caregivers in the United States. Guided by the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework, this scoping review comprised of 15 peer-reviewed articles be

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Olivari, Benjamin, Nia Reed, Erin Bouldin, et al. "CHARACTERIZING GENERATIONAL CAREGIVING USING DATA FROM THE BRFSS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 538–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2046.

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Abstract As the proportion of family and friends in the U.S. providing informal care increases, it is important to understand how this may impact certain demographic groups. Millennials and older adults are two generational segments of caregivers of interest given the complexities associated with these groups. Millennials can be sandwiched between a growing older population of parents or grandparents while also raising young children, often providing care for both. Similarly, older adults frequently balance caring for spouses, themselves, and grandchildren. We characterized these two groups of

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Tebes, Jacob Kraemer, and Julie T. Irish. "Promoting Resilience Among Children of Sandwiched Generation Caregiving Women Through Caregiver Mutual Help." Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 20, no. 1-2 (2000): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j005v20n01_10.

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Keene, Jennifer Reid, and Anastasia H. Prokos. "THE SANDWICHED GENERATION: MULTIPLE CAREGIVING RESPONSIBILITIES AND THE MISMATCH BETWEEN ACTUAL AND PREFERRED WORK HOURS." Sociological Spectrum 27, no. 4 (2007): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732170701313308.

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Chan, Caryn Mei Hsien, Ching Sin Siau, Jyh Eiin Wong, et al. "Characterizing Employees with Primary and Secondary Caregiving Responsibilities: Informal Care Provision in Malaysia." Healthcare 11, no. 14 (2023): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142033.

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There is a need to determine the extent to which Malaysian employees reconcile both paid employment and informal care provision. We examined data from the Malaysia’s Healthiest Workplace via AIA Vitality Online Survey 2019 (N = 17,286). A multivariate multinomial regression was conducted to examine characteristics for the following groups: primary caregiver of a child or disabled child, primary caregiver of a disabled adult or elderly individual, primary caregiver for both children and elderly, as well as secondary caregivers. Respondent mean age ± SD was 34.76 ± 9.31, with 49.6% (n = 8573), i

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Choula, Rita, Susan Reinhard, Selena Caldera, and Ari Houser. "IF YOU KNOW ONE CAREGIVER, YOU KNOW ONE CAREGIVER: UNDERSTANDING THE DIVERSITY OF US CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0794.

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Abstract For many years, the image of a family caregiver has been of a white woman in her late 40s providing care to her much older mother. The shifting demographics of the U.S. population have lead to a new understanding of the heterogeneity of family caregiving experiences and arrangements. Delays in having children and increasing longevity have led to an increase in caregivers sandwiched between care for someone under 18 at home and an older family member or friend and the share Gen Z and Millennial caregivers. The increasing racial and ethnic diversity and acceptance and visibility of pers

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Hoyt, Emily, Jyoti Savla, Karen Roberto, Aubrey L. Knight, Rosemary Blieszner, and Brandy R. McCann. "Dual Caregivers of Relatives with Dementia in Rural Virginia: The Added Stress of COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3453.

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Abstract Family caregivers often find themselves “sandwiched” between caring for an older relative with dementia (PWD) and another person. Serving in a dual caregiving role presents unique challenges and has consequences for caregivers’ physical and mental health. Seven daily diary interviews with 46 dual dementia caregivers assessed their daily stressors and informal and formal supports. Results showed that dementia caregivers who also cared for another older relative reported poorer physical health and used more community-based services to care for the PwD. Conversely, dementia caregivers wh

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Shi, Jiaming, and Chaoxin Jiang. "The negative spillover effect of sandwich-generation caregiving on employees’ job satisfaction: does work time matter?" Personnel Review, June 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-03-2023-0218.

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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of sandwich-generation caregiving (caregiving for elders and children simultaneously) on employed caregivers’ job satisfaction when compared with non-sandwich caregiving patterns of no caregiving, children-only caregiving and elders-only caregiving. This study also aims to explore whether depression mediates this effect and whether three types of caregivers-friendly work time (less work-time length, less nonstandard work-time schedule and more work-time autonomy) buffer these direct and indirect effects.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 7,5

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Li, Qi. "Sandwich caregiving and midlife women's health: An examination of racial disparities." Family Relations, August 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.13083.

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AbstractObjectiveThis research project aims to (a) investigate the association between sandwich caregiving and midlife women's health and (b) ask how this relationship differs by race.BackgroundAlthough researchers consistently find that physical health declines substantially during midlife for women, much about what produces this trend is unexplored. One notable gap in prior literature is the impact of simultaneously providing care to both aging parents and young children (i.e., sandwich caregiving) on the health and well‐being of midlife women.MethodThis study analyzes six consecutive waves

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Xu, Hongwei. "Intergenerational caregiving among “sandwich grandparents” in China." Chinese Journal of Sociology, August 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x241264500.

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“Sandwich grandparents” are middle-aged and older adults who have both living parents (or parents-in-law) and young grandchildren. They are faced with competing demands for caregiving from multiple generations. This study examines the prevalence, trends, and patterns of caregiving by sandwich grandparents in China. Drawing on nationally representative longitudinal data, this study estimates that more than 150 million Chinese adults aged 45 and older were sandwich grandparents in 2011. Among them, more than 17 million were dual caregivers who provided care to their own older parents and young g

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Shi, Jiaming, Denghao Zhang, and Xiaoting Liu. "Intergenerational Caregiving Patterns and Cognitive Health among the Sandwich Generation Within Four-Generation Families." International Journal of Aging and Human Development, March 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00914150241235088.

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This study aims to investigate whether generational differences in intergenerational caregiving patterns (caring for parents only, caring for grandchildren only, and caring for parents and grandchildren simultaneously) are associated with cognitive health disparities among the sandwich generation within four-generation families, drawing upon the theories of intergenerational solidarity and intergenerational stake. Moreover, this study seeks to identify mediators that help explain these disparities. A nationally representative sample of 8,065 respondents was drawn from the 2011 and 2018 waves o

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Wu, Jingyi, Beihai Tian, Yingying Gao, and Liansheng Wang. "Extinguishing the Fire at Both Ends: The Dual Family-Caregiving Stress of the Sandwich Generation of China’s “4-2-2” Families." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, August 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10443894231183406.

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China’s fertility policy and population aging have produced many “4-2-2”–structured sandwich families, placing the sandwich generation under dual caregiving stress. Through reflective lifeworld research and multilevel interviews with 14 “4-2-2” families, we confirmed that the essence of “dual stress” was the competing responsibilities of caring for older adults and children. This essence can be further illustrated by the vulnerability of the cared-for, lack of emotional resources, socio-educational anxiety, and family livelihood pressure. In addition, the dual stress can jeopardize the well-be

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Ansari-Thomas, Zohra. "Sandwich Caregiving and Paid Work: Differences by Caregiving Intensity and Women’s Life Stage." Population Research and Policy Review 43, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09852-5.

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Liu, Jingwen, and Feinian Chen. "Intergenerational Caregiving Patterns, Living Arrangements, and Life Satisfaction of Adults in Mid and Later Life in China." Research on Aging, December 10, 2021, 016402752110584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01640275211058433.

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While the health implications of intergenerational caregiving have been broadly investigated in the aging literature, less is known about caregivers in four-generation families and their living arrangements. Using 2011 and 2013 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( N = 12,914 obs.), we document enhanced life satisfaction of grandchild caregivers and sandwich caregivers caring for both grandchildren and parents than non-caregivers. When further taking living arrangements into consideration, we find that parent caregivers also benefit from care provision when not living with

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Kusumaningrum, Fitri Ayu. "The Meaning of Verses on Parents-Children Relationship as Basis for Sandwich Generation Concept in Islam." Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, August 30, 2023, 553–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol22.iss2.art10.

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This article explores the interpretation of Quranic verses and Islamic teachings relevant to the modern concept of the sandwich generation, a demographic group simultaneously responsible for caring for aging parents and raising their own children. In the Indonesian context, where family ties and caregiving hold immense significance, understanding the intersection of Islamic principles with challenges faced by the sandwich generation is paramount. This article delves into the perspective of Indonesian scholars who analyze Quranic verses to provide insights into how Islamic teachings align with

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Ang, Chin-Siang. "Filial piety, Caregiving Self-Efficacy, and Caregiver Burden in Sandwich Generation Caregivers: What Are the Relationships?" Home Health Care Management & Practice, September 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10848223241279298.

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Caring for an elderly parent, while also raising children, presents unique challenges. This study explores how filial piety—respect for elders—affects the stress of such caregivers, focusing on their caregiving self-efficacy, or confidence in their abilities. Surveying 202 caregivers, a link was found between filial piety and higher self-efficacy, leading to a sense of competence in caregiving tasks. However, this confidence did not uniformly reduce caregiver burden; it depended on the caregiving aspect. Confidence in handling emotional stress and securing breaks correlated with less burden, w

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Patrick, Julie Hicks, Laura E. Bernstein, Arianna Spaulding, Bianca E. Dominguez, and Carly E. Pullen. "Grandchildren as Caregivers: Adding a New Layer to the Sandwich Generation." International Journal of Aging and Human Development, June 9, 2022, 009141502211067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00914150221106726.

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Although 10% of family caregivers are grandchildren, only a few studies have examined the experience of grandchildren who provide care to grandparents. The current study examined the caregiving processes and outcomes of grandchild caregivers to grandparents. Participants were ( N = 5,778) adults identified as a caregiver, including 311 adult grandchildren. Analyses showed that although caregivers to grandparents did not differ significantly from other family caregivers in terms of depression, grandchildren did differ on a variety of demographic and caregiving context variables. A hierarchical

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Liu, Shuangshuang, Katrijn Delaruelle, and Piet Bracke. "Sandwich Generation and Ever-married Women’s Perceived Stress: Do “Gone Lovers” Matter?" Society and Mental Health, March 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21568693231223886.

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Building on the stress process model and adopting an intersectionality framework, this study highlights the formation of a stronger intergenerational family symbiosis system in China. It offers a systematic understanding of the association between multigenerational caregiving and sandwich women’s stress, extending prior research by exploring the mitigating effect of husbands. Drawing upon China Health and Nutrition Survey data, findings indicate that sandwich women experience less stress than non-sandwich women. Particularly among sandwich women, upward care has a stress-reducing impact, while

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Carlson, Heather J. "On Eagle’s Wings: A Caregiver’s Story." Counseling and Family Therapy Scholarship Review, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53309/hatk1829.

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Increased attention is being focused on the Sandwich Generation, a rapidly growing subset of the adult population usually in their 40’s to 60’s who are the primary caregiver for children under the age of 18, as well an aging parent(s). The pull between the two generations is one of the greatest struggles facing mid-life adults ‘sandwiched’ between caring for their developing children and their aging parents. The delicacies of balancing logistical and emotional resources among the generations can be overwhelming for sandwich generation caregivers. The resulting stress on caregivers is related t

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Owsiany, Montgomery T., Erika A. Fenstermacher, and Barry A. Edelstein. "Burnout and Depression Among Sandwich Generation Caregivers: A Brief Report." International Journal of Aging and Human Development, June 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00914150231183137.

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Twenty-nine percent of adults in the U.S. care for children, and 12% to 24.3% of those adults are multigenerational caregivers who also provide unpaid care for one or more adults. These adults are considered members of the “sandwich generation,” which is a term for multigenerational caregivers who provide care, financial support, and emotional support for both their children and parents. The present study characterized the sandwich generation and examined how sandwich generation caregivers differed from caregivers of children, caregivers of parents, and non-caregivers regarding burnout and dep

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