Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sandwich formula

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sandwich formula'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sandwich formula"

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Xia, Pei Xiu, Guang Ping Zou, and Zhong Liang Chang. "Analysis of Interface Deformation of Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Beam." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.357.

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The effect of the interface slip is neglected in most studies on calculating deflection of sandwich beams. By taking a simply supported sandwich beams under uniformly distributed loads as an example, simplified analytical models of the interface slip are established, and corresponding clculation formulas of interface slip between steel panels and concrete and section curvatures are derived. The formula for deflection of sandwich beams are then presented. This formula reflects the relationship of influence each other between the interface slip and deflection.
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He, Guan Jun, and Ai Min Diao. "Safety Assessment and Remaining Service Life Prediction of Sandwich Marine Air Bottles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.324.

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Based on the fatigue failure analysis of marine air bottles, the research on the safety assessment and remaining service life prediction is conducted in this paper. Particularly, the method of sandwich evaluation is obtained via sandwich characterization and the formula to calculate the fatigue crack growth rate is obtained via fatigue crack testing: three typical types of sandwich on marine air bottles are investigated, and the corresponding safety assessment results as well as the critical sandwich size are obtained. It is seen that the theoretical formula is valid, and that the air bottle can be safely used till next cycle as long as the initial sandwich angle depth less than 10°.
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Zhang, Nan, Min Xia, and Changchun Ge. "Graphene-Supported Mesoporous SnO2 Nanosheets as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nano 15, no. 09 (September 2020): 2050113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501131.

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A novel approach to fabricate sandwich-like graphene-supported mesoporous SnO2 nanosheets (G-SnO2) as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was developed. The obtained sandwich-like G-SnO2 inherit the typical two-dimensional structure of graphene and possess a high specific surface area (64[Formula: see text]m2g[Formula: see text]), nanosized SnO2 particles (about 3[Formula: see text]nm in diameter), mesoporous structure (a pore size of mainly [Formula: see text]3.8[Formula: see text]nm), large aspect ratio and enhanced electrical conductivity. As a consequence, the G-SnO2 anode significantly improved the LIBs capacity and cycle performance (536[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 500[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] even after 500 cycles).
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Hardin, James W. "The Robust Variance Estimator for Two-stage Models." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 2, no. 3 (September 2002): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0200200302.

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This article discusses estimates of variance for two-stage models. We present the sandwich estimate of variance as an alternative to the Murphy–Topel estimate. The sandwich estimator has a simple formula that is similar to the formula for the Murphy–Topel estimator, and the two estimators are asymptotically equal when the assumed model distributions are true. The advantages of the sandwich estimate of variance are that it may be calculated for the complete parameter vector, and that it requires estimating equations instead of fully specified log likelihoods.
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May, Aviwe, Poulomi Majumdar, Alexander G. Martynov, Lyudmila A. Lapkina, Sergey I. Troyanov, Yulia G. Gorbunova, Aslan Yu Tsivadze, John Mack, and Tebello Nyokong. "Optical limiting properties, structure and simplified TD-DFT calculations of scandium tetra-15-crown-5 phthalocyaninates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 04 (March 26, 2020): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842462050011x.

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The optical limiting properties of crown-ether-substituted scandium(III) phthalocyaninate complexes, bis-tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyaninates Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (I) and Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (Ia), together with monophthalocyaninate [(15C5)4Pc]Sc(OAc) (II) were measured by using the Z-scan technique (532 nm laser and pulse rate of 10 ns). It was revealed that expansion of the [Formula: see text]-system on moving from the monomeric Sc complex II to sandwich compound I and changing the electronic state of the sandwich compound from the anionic Ia species to the neutral radical I improves the optical limiting properties. The Im[[Formula: see text]] values obtained lie in the 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text] esu range that is consistent with those reported previously for other organic chromophores. The crystal structure of sandwich Sc(III) complex I was elucidated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and was used to guide a series of theoretical calculations. It was demonstrated that the application of simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) calculations can provide reasonably accurate predictions for compounds of this type when the geometries of the complexes are clearly defined.
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Zhang, Tong, Ludi Kang, Xin Li, Hongbo Zhang, and Bilong Liu. "Sound Transmission Prediction of Sandwich Plates With Honeycomb and Foam Cores and an Emphatic Discussion on Radiation Terms." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.11735.

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When applying the modal summation method to the sound transmission loss (STL) prediction of various plates, the assumption of the blocked sound pressure, or alternatively speaking, ignoring sound radiation terms, has obvious simplicity and is sometimes used for the single-layered panels, rib-stiffened plates or heavily damped sandwich plates. For light-weighted sandwich plates with honeycomb and foam cores, however, this assumption is somewhat in doubt and worth examining. Based on sixth-order differential equations governing the flexural vibration of sandwich plates, the prediction formula of STL is derived by the modal summation approach. Theoretical predictions were validated by measurement data. Next, the theoretical formula of STL under the assumption of the blocked sound pressure was examined. The STL discrepancies of sandwich plates caused by sound radiation terms are illustrated. It was found that the STL discrepancies of sandwich plates were closely related to frequency, reached their peak value at the coincidence frequency region. The results indicate that the sound radiation terms, or the couplings between the radiated sound pressure and the plate response, should not be ignored for the prediction of STL for sandwich plates with honeycomb and foam cores.
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Amir, Mohammad, and Mohammad Talha. "An Efficient Three Nodded Finite Element Formulation for Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Arches with Graded Metallic Cellular Core." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 06 (July 2020): 2050069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500696.

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An efficient finite element model based on three nodded element has been developed for the vibration analysis of sandwich arches with graded metallic cellular (GMC) core. The present formulation is based on the higher-order shear deformation theory and orthogonal curvilinear coordinate axes. The arch consists of two isotropic face sheets and a GMC core layer. The internal pores in the core layer follow the different types of distributions. The material properties of the GMC core layer of the sandwich arches vary in the thickness direction as a function in terms of porosity coefficient and mass density. Three types of porosity distributions have been considered to accomplish the vibration responses of sandwich arches. The present formulation is validated with limited results available in the literature. Few new results are computed and the effects of different influencing parameters such as porosity coefficient [Formula: see text], porosity distribution type, the thickness-to-length ratio [Formula: see text], boundary conditions and opening angle [Formula: see text] on the free vibration characteristics of sandwich arches with the GMC core are observed. The present finite element model gives better convergence and more accurate results than a conventional two nodded element-based finite element model.
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Wei, Chengcheng, Xiaogang Sun, Guodong Liang, Yapan Huang, Hao Hu, and Yuhao Xu. "Sandwich Structure Electrode as Advanced Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nano 14, no. 10 (October 2019): 1950123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501236.

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In this work, a sandwich structure electrode was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration and rolling process. The SEM showed that the active materials were uniformly embedded in the pores of the three-dimensional conductive network of the carbon nanotube (CNTs) conductive paper. The contact interface area of active material and the conductive network significantly increased and the interface resistance was greatly reduced. The porous anode can accommodate the volume expansion of the silicon and effectively alleviated pressed during cycle. The electrode also exhibited good stability in cycles. Electrochemical tests showed that the first discharge specific capacity of the sandwich electrode reached 2330[Formula: see text]mAh/g with a coulombic efficiency of 86%. After 500 cycles, the specific capacity was still maintained at 1512[Formula: see text]mAh/g. At a large current density of 2[Formula: see text]A/g, the specific capacity hold was 840[Formula: see text]mAh/g compared with the copper foil electrode of 100[Formula: see text]mAh/g.
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Wang, Jin Rong, Xin Guang Lv, Shi Qing Huang, Yu Mei Wu, and Qiong Chen. "Theoretical Analysis of Equivalent Elastic Modulus of Corrugated Paperboard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.243.

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A new mathematical method is developed for the calculation of equivalent elastic modulus of UV-type corrugated paperboard. The model is assumed to be composite sandwich structure and to endure the out-of-plane uniform pressure. Force method is used for the derivation of the formula. The influence of the corrugated medium structure on the flat compression strength of corrugated paperboard is investigated as well. The equivalent elastic moduluses of two different sizes of three-layer UV corrugated paperboard are calculated according to the derived formula. The relationship between the thickness and the shape parameters with the flat compressive strength is discussed. The introduction of shape coefficient into this formula can help to optimize the corrugated sandwich structure and its cushioning pads.
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Chen, Xia-Chun, Zhen-Hu Li, Francis T. K. Au, and Rui-Juan Jiang. "Flexural Vibration of Prestressed Concrete Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500237.

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Prestressed concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs have emerged as a new form of steel-concrete composite bridges with remarkable advantages compared with the traditional ones. However, the assumption that plane sections remain plane may no longer be valid for such bridges due to the different behavior of the constituents. The sandwich beam theory is extended to predict the flexural vibration behavior of this type of bridges considering the presence of diaphragms, external prestressing tendons and interaction between the web shear deformation and flange local bending. To this end, a [Formula: see text] beam finite element is formulated. The proposed theory and finite element model are verified both numerically and experimentally. A comparison between the analyses based on the sandwich beam model and on the classical Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko models reveals the following findings. First of all, the extended sandwich beam model is applicable to the flexural vibration analysis of the bridges considered. By letting [Formula: see text] denote the square root of the ratio of equivalent shear rigidity to the flange local flexural rigidity, and L the span length, the combined parameter [Formula: see text] appears to be more suitable for considering the diaphragm effect and the interaction between the shear deformation and flange local bending. The diaphragms have significant effect on the flexural natural frequencies and mode shapes only when the [Formula: see text] value of the bridge falls below a certain limit. For a bridge with an [Formula: see text] value over a certain limit, the flexural natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the sandwich beam model and the classical Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko models tend to be the same. In such cases, either of the classical beam theories may be used.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sandwich formula"

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Thorž, František. "Rám formule Dragon 3." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230912.

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This diploma thesis deals with an alternative frame design of Formula Student which is made of aluminium honeycomb sandwich. First part describes the current options analysis, the property of aluminium panel and its loading behaviour. Next part provides a frame design and computational model for stress analysis by FEM and the main part is contains the calculation of torsional rigidity including its procedure. Finally, the thesis provides the comparison with tubular space frame of the 3th generation formula Dragon.
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Žídek, Tomáš. "Aplikace sendvičové konstrukce na formulový vůz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254214.

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The master thesis describes application of a sandwich construction for Formula Student car. It will replace the current tubular space frame according to FSAE rules. The introduction is focused on the information of international Formula Student competition, including TU Brno Racing Team. Then there are important rules for the construction of frames and composite monocoques. For the selected production technology are found strength properties of face sheets made of carbon and hybrid fibres. Another part of thesis deals with the design of the sandwich panel using analytical calculation to determine the bending stiffness. On the basis of these proposals are made three-point bending and shear tests. Using of FEM simulation is detected torsional stiffness of the tubular space frame and the monocoque concept from the proposed sandwich panels. The conclusion is devoted to a summary of the important information and possible monocoque manufacturing process.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sandwich formula"

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Abbas, Nacira, Alexandre Bazin, Jérôme David, and Amedeo Napoli. "Sandwich: An Algorithm for Discovering Relevant Link Keys in an LKPS Concept Lattice." In Formal Concept Analysis, 243–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77867-5_15.

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D'Agostino, Susan. "Conclusion." In How to Free Your Inner Mathematician, 293–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843597.003.0048.

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This book offers a survey of mathematical topics. However, there is much more for you to explore. Catastrophe theory, the Chinese Remainder Theorem, combinatorics, and complex analysis. Equivalence relations, Euclid’s elements, and Euler’s formula. The Fields Medal and Four-color Theorem. Galois theory, the gambler’s fallacy, geodesic domes, the geometry of spacetime, and group theory. The Ham Sandwich Theorem. Isomorphisms. Linear algebra. The Mandelbrot set, mathematical induction, matrices, and the monster group. The parallel postulate, Pascal’s triangle, perfect numbers, permutation groups, pi, the Poincare Conjecture, projective geometry, public-key cryptography, and Pythagoras’ Theorem. Quaternions. Regression analysis. Set theory, squaring the circle, and surreal numbers. Truth tables, turning machines, and turning a sphere inside out. Venn diagrams. Wavelets. Zero. The list never ends....
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"Sandwich Panels Sandwich Panel." In Formulas of Acoustics, 542–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76833-3_161.

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"Sandwich Plate with an Elastic Core Sandwich Panel with elastic core Sandwich Panel with porous board as core." In Formulas of Acoustics, 589–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76833-3_174.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sandwich formula"

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Khudayarov, B. A. "Flutter Analysis of Viscoelastic Sandwich Plate in Supersonic Flow." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80156.

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In this work is investigated the flutter of viscoelastic sandwich plate streamlined by gas current. The basic direction of work is consisted in taking into account of viscous-elastic material’s properties at supersonic speeds. The vibration equations relatively of deflection are described by Integro-Differential Equations (IDE) in partial derivatives. By Bubnov-Galerkin methods reduced the problems to investigation of system of ordinary IDE. The IDE are solved by numerical method, which based on using of quadrature formula. Critical speeds for sandwich plate flutter are defined.
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Yao, Houqi, and Jia Qu. "Numerical Simulation of Dynamic and Static Mechanical Response of Sinusoidal Sandwich Structure." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79142.

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Abstract Based on the design characteristics of corrugated sandwich structure and pyramid lattice sandwich structure, this paper proposes a sinusoidal beam sandwich structure with different amplitude-period ratio, curved beam cross-sectional area and cross-section adjacent side length ratio. Three variables were used to analyze the quasi-static compression performance and impact resistance of different variable structures by numerical simulation. The three-dimensional modeling of the sinusoidal beam sandwich structure is briefly introduced, and the relative density calculation formula is derived based on the theory of mechanical characterization of the sandwich structure. Using Abaqus/Standard for quasi-static compression numerical simulation, the deformation process and failure modes of the sinusoidal beam sandwich structure under quasi-static compression are mainly presented as the bending of the two beams and the plastic hinge expansion at the peaks and valleys. The influence of the cross-sectional area and the length of the adjacent side of the curved beam on the anti-pressure performance is greater than that of the curved beam amplitude-period ratio. Using Abaqus/Explicit to simulate the SHPB impact test of the sinusoidal beam sandwich structure, it is concluded that the impact resistance of the sinusoidal beam sandwich structure is approximately irrelevant to the strain rate, and the amount between the transmitted wave and the incident wave occurs. The reduction in grades reflects excellent impact and flameproof properties and good energy absorption characteristics.
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Candela, S., Giovanni Meneghetti, M. Ricotta, S. Giacometti, and L. Bernardotto. "Numerical Analysis and Experimental Tests of a Sandwich-Structured Impact Attenuator for Formula SAE Application." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5170.

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Markuš, Š., and T. Nánási. "Estimation of Response and Loss Factor of Damped Sandwich Beam." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0257.

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Abstract Classical governing equations of a three-layered sandwich beam are generalized with the aim to avoid the necessity of identical arrangement of both face layers at the end of the beam. In this way more shear deformations in the core are allowed for. This may significantly contribute to the increased dissipation of vibratory energy. Estimation of the response of the damped sandwich beam and the loss factor are based on truncated integral modal transformation in which the base functions are the modal data from the associated undamped system. Simple formula expressing the modal loss factor in terms of the portion of strain energy due to shear deformations in the core is developed. Presented approach is in fact a reinterpretation of the concept of damped normal modes in such a way that numerical computations are to be carried out only in the real domain while the previous formulation required numerical treatment in the complex domain.
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Wang, Ying. "Determining the Method of Carrying Capacity Formula of Precast Concrete Sandwich wall slab by Finite Element." In 2016 5th International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccahe-16.2016.65.

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Meyer-Piening, Hans-R. "A Refined Theory for the Analysis of Sandwich Beams and its Application to Local and Global Stability Investigations." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0737.

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Abstract An analytical method is proposed to study the local and global instability of three-layered assymmetric sandwich beams with arbitrary relative face thicknesses ranging from very thin faces to a vanishing core height. The method accounts for extensional orthotropy, shear elasticity, Poisson’s ratio effects and lateral compressibility within each layer. As each layer is modelled in an identical manner and all stress and displacement related interface conditions are satisfied, there is no limitation with regard to geometry relations, except for numerical instabilities or convergence criteria. The displacement functions are represented by Fourier series which leads to a set of 12 linear equations for each value of the harmonic m The eigenfunction associated with the minimum load will then represent the (local or global) design buckling (or wrinkling) mode. The results can be compared with buckling formulas like that proposed by Hoff [1] or the formula related to a beam on elastic foundation [2], as well as the approximation for Euler columns accounting for shear elasticity. It becomes evident that modifications to the aproximate methods may be suitable for some geometric relations and material properties.
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Josefson, B. L., S. Paboeuf, K. Anyfantis, A. Zamarin, C. Oddy, B. Collier, K. Ntouni, and D. Bolf. "Load Capacity of Sandwich Panel With Core Foam Evaluated by 3-Point Bending Test." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79308.

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Abstract The classification society Bureau Veritas requires a structural assessment of composite materials structures to confirm the compliance with applicable rules, like 3-point bending tests. However, for sandwich panels with a low-density foam core, local phenomena like indentation and wrinkling may occur in the upper face sheet at the loading punch, thus the intended load capacity of the sandwich panel will not be reached. It is then proposed to perform complementary shear tests to capture the behaviour of the core of the sandwich panel. In the present paper, the load capacity in a 3-point bending test is simulated with emphasis on the influence of the constitutive modelling of the core foam, as calibrated against experimental results for shear tests. It is carried out as a benchmark exercise, with participation from three universities. The FE-simulations show that the shear test can be used to accurately model the load capacity of the core foam. However, for the 3-point bending test using specimen with a very high panel length / thickness ratio a large part of the load transfer is done in the upper face sheet with less involvement of shear in the core. Although core fracture is observed in the experiments, both the FE-simulated and experimentally found maximum load agree well with the load capacity as determined from analytical formula for local failure in the upper face sheet. The FE-simulated vertical displacement at maximum load differs though.
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Braghin, Francesco, Edoardo Sabbioni, and Francesco Annoni. "Design of a Leaf Spring Suspension for an FSAE Vehicle." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35474.

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FSAE is a competition in which engineering students are asked to conceive, design, fabricate and compete with small, formula style, autocross racing cars ([1]). To give teams the maximum design flexibility and the freedom to express their creativity and imaginations there are very few restrictions on the overall vehicle design. DynamiΣ team (from Politecnico di Milano) has designed and optimized a new leaf spring suspension that allows to significantly reduce the weight and lower the centre of gravity of traditional suspensions that are based on linear dampers and coil springs. In fact, besides being extremely adjustable, the proposed leaf spring suspension weights a half, being made of carbon fiber and aluminum sandwich, and lowers the centre of gravity of the suspension system, being placed below the vehicle frame.
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de Vicente, Mario. "Numerical Optimization of Hybrid Panel Joints by Mixed Adhesive/Welded Method on Shipbuilding." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77028.

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The structural method for shipbuilding remains invariant for a century, the introduction of light materials in other fields, aeronautics and automotive, involves saving weight without risking structure failures. The most difficult part is to incorporate these materials in the shipbuilding industry, because the impact in cost and qualified personnel remains as a handicap. The purpose of this study is to review the shipbuilding process specifically the joints between hybrid panels and primary structural elements without a high cost in resources or material. A honeycomb core sandwich is used as a hybrid material, and the optimized mixed joint is raw steel, the clamp is directly welded to the primary members, glued to the panel with two adhesive strengths, and the mathematical formula used to simulate the debonding at the interface is based on the Cohesive Zone Model, proposed by Al-fano and Crisfield. The numerical simulation analyses consist in topological and parametric optimization, and debonding effects are simulated using contact non-linearity and fracture mechanics approaches.
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Kardomateas, George A. "Three-Dimensional Elasticity Solution for the Buckling of Sandwich Columns." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/amd-25414.

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Abstract A study of the buckling of a sandwich column, based on the three dimensional theory of elasticity, and a comparison with the simple Euler or transverse shear correction Engesser / Haringx / Timoshenko column buckling formulas, is presented. All three phases of the sandwich structure (two face sheets and the core) are assumed to be orthotropic and the column is in the form of a hollow circular cylinder. The Euler or Engesser / Haringx / Timoshenko loads are based on the equivalent axial modulus. Representative results show the significance of the effect of transverse shear in these sandwich structures.
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